To Richard Kippist 19 March 1877
Summary
Wishes to reprint his four Linnean Society papers on di- and trimorphic plants [Forms of flowers]. Requests permission and woodblocks of figures.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Richard Kippist; Linnean Society |
| Date: | 19 Mar 1877 |
| Classmark: | Linnean Society of London |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10902 |
From P. P. C. Hoek to C. W. Thomson 25 June 1877
Summary
Requests duplicates of [H. M. S.] Challenger Pycnogonidae.
| Author: | Paulus Peronius Cato Hoek |
| Addressee: | Charles Wyville Thomson |
| Date: | 25 June 1877 |
| Classmark: | DAR 166: 228 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11016 |
From G. J. Romanes [after 8 January 1877]
Summary
Returns E. Haeckel’s Perigenesis [der Plastidule (1876)]. EH’s "plastidules" do not differ from Spencer’s "physiological units". Does not see that biology gains anything from EH’s theory.
| Author: | George John Romanes |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [after 8 Jan 1877] |
| Classmark: | E. D. Romanes 1896, p. 93 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10554 |
To Daniel Oliver 10 March 1877
Summary
Enquiring about cleistogamic flowers of Oxalis.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Daniel Oliver |
| Date: | 10 Mar 1877 |
| Classmark: | Newcastle University Special Collections (Spence Watson/Weiss Archive GB186 SW/6/6) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10887F |
To Karl von Scherzer 14 May [1877]
Summary
Received Moritz Wagner’s essays [Das Ausland (May 1875)] and sent him a long letter [10643] disagreeing with his views because they do not explain adaptation.
Thanks for Büchner’s essay [Die Darwin’sche Theorie, 4th ed. (1876)].
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Karl von Scherzer |
| Date: | 14 May [1877] |
| Classmark: | Uppsala University Library: Manuscripts and Music (Waller Ms gb-00526) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10961 |
To J. V. Carus 26 March 1877
Summary
Had found out his error [use of "cleistogenous" for "cleistogamous" in Cross and self-fertilisation] some timeago.
Is now writing on cleistogamic flowers [for Forms of flowers (1877)], and, with it, will have worked up all his old materials on plants. JVC will then have a rest from his labours of translation.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Julius Victor Carus |
| Date: | 26 Mar 1877 |
| Classmark: | Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz (Slg. Darmstaedter Lc 1859: Darwin, Charles, Bl. 164–165) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10914 |
To G. H. K. Thwaites 26 March 1877
Summary
Thanks for specimens [of insects].
Wonders whether difference between male and female plays part in fertilisation of fig.
Flowers of Oxalis sensitiva, sent long ago, are trimorphic and cleistogamic.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | George Henry Kendrick Thwaites |
| Date: | 26 Mar 1877 |
| Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.508) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10913 |
From G. J. Romanes 6 June 1877
Summary
Sends MS notes on intercrossing.
Describes different reactions of rabbits and guinea-pigs to stinging nettles.
Has made a number of grafts at Kew.
Encloses notes on natural selection; discussion of factors mitigating the swamping influence of intercrossing on incipient variations.
| Author: | George John Romanes |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 6 June 1877 |
| Classmark: | E. D. Romanes 1896, p. 53; DAR 47: 139–42 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10986 |
From Oswald Heer 29 July 1877
Summary
Comments on Forms of flowers.
Describes his work on fossil plants collected in the Arctic.
Notes work on Ginkgo.
| Author: | Oswald Heer |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 29 July 1877 |
| Classmark: | DAR 166: 133 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11078 |
From C. C. Babington 16 March 1877
Summary
Thinks flowers of Hottonia project from the stem nearly horizontally, perhaps slightly upwards.
Sorry that he cannot help with Pulmonaria angustifolia.
| Author: | Charles Cardale Babington |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 16 Mar 1877 |
| Classmark: | DAR 111: B49 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10894 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … in Forms of flowers , pp. 50–4. In 1863 and 1864, CD corresponded frequently with his son …
From Hermann Müller 25 January 1877
Summary
Thanks CD for calling attention to a "considerable error" in his observations on Hottonia fertility [in Die Befruchtung der Blumen (1873)]. [See Forms of flowers, p. 52.]
| Author: | Heinrich Ludwig Hermann (Hermann) Müller |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 25 Jan 1877 |
| Classmark: | DAR 110: A26–7 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10815 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. [Read 16 June 1864. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 8 ( …
To J. V. Carus 22 January 1877
Summary
Thanks JVC for errata [in Cross and self-fertilisation]
and especially for interesting and amusing notes on expression. Will use them if a new edition [of Expression] is needed, but Murray has printed too many copies of first edition.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Julius Victor Carus |
| Date: | 22 Jan 1877 |
| Classmark: | Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz (Slg. Darmstaedter Lc 1859: Darwin, Charles, Bl. 158–159) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10809 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. [Read 16 June 1864. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 8 ( …
From J. J. Murphy 23 January 1877
Summary
Requests permission to use illustrations from F. Müller’s Facts and arguments for Darwin in the new edition [of his Habit and intelligence, 2d ed. (1879)].
| Author: | Joseph John Murphy |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 23 Jan 1877 |
| Classmark: | DAR 171: 324 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10812 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Fritz Müller’s Für Darwin ( Fritz Müller 1864) as Facts and arguments for Darwin (Dallas …
From W. E. Darwin [25 March? 1877]
Summary
Staying with W. D. Fox on the Isle of Wight. Offers to find Pulmonaria plants.
| Author: | William Erasmus Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [25 Mar? 1877] |
| Classmark: | Cornford Family Papers (DAR 275: 67) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10922F |
Matches: 1 hit
- … angustifolia (narrow-leaved lungwort) in 1864 (see Correspondence vol. 12). Cowes is a …
From J. D. Hooker 7 November 1877
Summary
Sent rare cycad seeds for CD’s cotyledon study.
Welwitschia seed germinated at Kew had ordinary cotyledons. JDH thinks mature Welwitschia leaves are original cotyledons.
| Author: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 7 Nov 1877 |
| Classmark: | DAR 104: 97–8 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11227 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … 12, letter from J. D. Hooker, 8 April 1864 ). Welwitschia plants have only two foliage …
To J. D. Hooker 25 January [1877]
Summary
CD notes growth of Royal Society may force it to hire officers.
Speculates on cold resistance of bacterial germs.
Will communicate to Royal Society Frank’s paper on the ingestion of solid particles by the protoplasmic protrusions of Dipsacus glands.
CD working on plant dimorphism.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 25 Jan [1877] |
| Classmark: | DAR 95: 430–1 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10814 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. [Read 16 June 1864. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 8 ( …
From J. G. Joyce 15 November 1877
Summary
Memorandum on Silchester. Report by IGJ of investigations carried out at Silchester with Frank and Horace [Darwin] on earthworm activity at the site of a Roman villa. Sections of vertical cuttings at Silchester, traced from the journal of the excavations of the Roman house, and notes on the same.
| Author: | James Gerald Joyce |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 15 Nov 1877 |
| Classmark: | DAR 64.2: 63–6; DAR 65: 104, 106, 108 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11236 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … town at Silchester, Hampshire, between 1864 and his death in 1878, recording his work in a …
From T. H. Farrer 5 September 1877
Summary
Sends two papers on Roman ruins at Cirencester, which he asks CD to return.
Worm observations.
| Author: | Thomas Henry Farrer, 1st baronet and 1st Baron Farrer |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 5 Sept 1877 |
| Classmark: | DAR 164: 83 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11129 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 6 (1864–6): 278–83. Grover, J. W. 1868. On a Roman …
| letter | (18) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (7) |
| Romanes, G. J. | (2) |
| Babington, C. C. | (1) |
| Darwin, W. E. | (1) |
| Farrer, T. H. | (1) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (10) |
| Carus, J. V. | (2) |
| Hooker, J. D. | (1) |
| Kippist, Richard | (1) |
| Linnean Society | (1) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (17) |
| Carus, J. V. | (2) |
| Hooker, J. D. | (2) |
| Romanes, G. J. | (2) |
| Babington, C. C. | (1) |
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
Summary
On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
Matches: 30 hits
- … Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864 : ‘the venerable beard gives the …
- … Darwin corresponded little during the first three months of 1864, dictating nearly all his letters …
- … had consulted in 1863. In a letter of 26[–7] March [1864] , Darwin exclaimed to his close friend, …
- … letters of advice from Jenner. In a letter of 15 December [1864] to the surgeon and naturalist …
- … his cousin William Darwin Fox in a letter of 30 November [1864] , ‘the Copley being open to all …
- … five years earlier. His primary botanical preoccupation in 1864 was climbing plants. He had become …
- … ( Correspondence vol. 11). In a letter of [27 January 1864] , Darwin wrote to Hooker: ‘The …
- … produce tendrils’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [8 February 1864] ). Darwin’s excitement about his …
- … & therefore sacred’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 2 June [1864] ). When Darwin asked Oliver …
- … light of axioms’ ( letter from Daniel Oliver, [17 March 1864] ). Though Darwin replied with his …
- … . . .’ When he told Asa Gray in a letter of 29 October [1864] that he was continuing to study …
- … addition to his work on climbing plants, Darwin engaged in 1864 in botanical observations and …
- … were produced. Continuing from these earlier studies, in 1864 he conducted crossing experiments …
- … in causing sterility both within and between species in his 1864 paper, ‘Three forms of Lythrum …
- … trimorphic Lythrum , and when his health permitted in 1864 he drew up the results (see …
- … Darwin remarked to Hooker in a letter of 26 November [1864] that nothing had interested him so …
- … species with the common oxlip. In a letter of 22 October [1864] , Darwin triumphantly wrote to …
- … flowers ). A household enterprise Darwin’s 1864 correspondence with family members …
- … Forms of flowers . The greatest assistance in 1864, however, was provided by William, Darwin …
- … minute and painstaking observations, writing on 14 April [1864] , ‘I can do as much pollen work …
- … letter from Emma and Charles Darwin to W. E. Darwin, [20 May 1864] ), or his excitement when he …
- … for my stomach’ ( letter to Daniel Oliver, 17 February [1864] ). Darwin was also impressed …
- … to inspire the research of others as well; he influenced the 1864 publication of a paper by another …
- … publish his new material on them. Nevertheless, his work in 1864 contributed to his 1869 paper …
- … continuing identification of insect pollinators in 1864 and following years. John Scott again …
- … on the orchid Oncidium to the Linnean Society in 1864 (Scott 1864b). Recognising Scott’s skills …
- … paid by Darwin himself ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [1 April 1864] ). Hooker’s series of …
- … over them’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [2 April 1864] ). Hooker warned Darwin: ‘Do pray …
- … careful treatment’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 8 April 1864 ). Nevertheless, Hooker solicited and …
- … hastening the fall’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 20 April 1864 ). In his reply of 25 April [1864] …
Darwin's health
Summary
On 28 March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend Joseph Hooker from Great Malvern in Worcestershire, where Dr James Manby Gully ran a fashionable water-cure establishment. Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to…
Matches: 9 hits
- … of a fashionable spinal ice treatment. In April 1864, Darwin attributed his improved health to Dr …
- … gaining vigour .’ (letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 April [1864] ) Why was Darwin’s so ill? …
- … vol. 12, letter to F. T. Buckland, 15 December [1864] ). On Darwin’s early stomach …
- … vol. 4). Throughout the winter of 1863 and spring of 1864, he was sick almost daily (see …
- … Chapman. In a letter to J. D. Hooker, [20-] 22 February [1864] ( Correspondence vol. 12), …
- … in Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242) on several occasions in 1864 and 1865. ‘Bad hysteria & sickness …
- … 12, letter from Emma Darwin to J. D. Hooker, 17 March [1864] . Treatments and medications …
- … doses of chalk, magnesia, and other antacids in March 1864 (see Emma Darwin’s diary, DAR 242, and n. …
- … vol. 12, letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 April [1864] ). …
Darwin’s hothouse and lists of hothouse plants
Summary
Darwin became increasingly involved in botanical experiments in the years after the publication of Origin. The building of a small hothouse - a heated greenhouse - early in 1863 greatly increased the range of plants that he could keep for scientific…
Matches: 5 hits
- … an important focus for his experiments. By the spring of 1864, he was thinking of expansion, telling …
- … vol. 12, letter to J. D. Hooker, 26[–7] March 1864 ). The plan was quickly set in motion, and …
- … the work, while William Ledger did the building. By August 1864, he had spent £126 10s. on the new …
- … was replaced after Darwin’s death, and one section of the 1864 greenhouse was subsequently …
- … vol. 12, letter to J. D. Hooker, [25 January 1864] ). In view of the importance of Darwin …
Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex
Summary
The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…
Diagrams and drawings in letters
Summary
Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…
Matches: 1 hits
- … W. E. Darwin's observations on Pulmonaria , 14 April [1864] Ernst Haeckel's …
Natural Science and Femininity
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters A conflation of masculine intellect and feminine thoughts, habits and feelings, male naturalists like Darwin inhabited an uncertain gendered identity. Working from the private domestic comfort of their homes and exercising…
Matches: 4 hits
- … Letter 4377 - Haeckel, E. P. A. to Darwin, [2 January 1864] Haeckel sends Darwin some …
- … Letter 4436 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [26-27 March 1864] Darwin thanks Hooker for …
- … Letter 4469 - Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, [20 April 1864] Hooker discusses the scientific …
- … Letter 4472 - Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, [26 or 27 April 1864] Hooker once again discusses …
'An Appeal' against animal cruelty
Summary
The four-page pamphlet transcribed below and entitled 'An Appeal', was composed jointly by Emma and Charles Darwin (see letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, [29 September 1863]). The pamphlet, which protested against the cruelty of steel vermin…
Matches: 6 hits
- … for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Annual Report, 1864, p. 32; Animal World , 1 February …
- … with the RSPCA; however, the RSPCA Annual Report for 1864 records that 'a benevolent lady, …
- … the Royal Horticultural Gardens, South Kensington, in June 1864 ( The Times , 27 May 1864, p. 11, …
- … Darwin 2: 200). Although the RSPCA considered in 1864 that many game preservers had …
- … were 'awakening to its barbarity' (RSPCA Annual Report 1864, p. 32), the use of the steel …
- … payments being recorded from 1854 to 1861, in 1863 and 1864, from 1871 to 1875, and in 1878 and 1880 …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
The Lyell–Lubbock dispute
Summary
In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…
Matches: 8 hits
- … and Scotland (Lubbock 1862a, 1862b, and 1863a). In the July 1864 issue of Natural History Review …
- … address for the British Association meeting at Bath in 1864 (C. Lyell 1864). 3 By …
- … Darwin’s theory ([Lubbock] 1863b, p. 213). In May 1864, Lubbock received a letter from …
- … 3. Letters from Charles Lyell to John Lubbock, 22 February 1864 and 24 February 1864 (British …
- … 12. Letter from Hugh Falconer to John Lubbock, 24 May [1864], in (British Library, Add. MSS 49640) …
- … and gentlemen in the formation of the X Club, 1851–1864. Isis 89: 410–44. Bynum, William …
- … History Review n.s. 3: 211–19. Lubbock, John. 1864. Cave-men. Natural History Review n …
- … revised. London: John Murray. Lyell, Charles. 1864. Presidential address. Report of the …
Evolution: Selected Letters of Charles Darwin 1860-1870
Summary
This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific colleagues around the world; letters by the critics who tried to stamp out his ideas, and by admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of…
Matches: 1 hits
- … & succeeding in India. John Scott to Darwin, 1864. I was astounded at …
Have you read the one about....
Summary
... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.
Matches: 1 hits
- … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …
Science: A Man’s World?
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth-century women participated in the world of science, be it as experimenters, observers, editors, critics, producers, or consumers. Despite this, much of the…
Scientific Networks
Summary
Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…
Matches: 6 hits
- … Letter 4463 — Scott, John to Darwin, C. R., 14 Apr [1864] Scott thanks Darwin for his …
- … Letter 4468 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 19 [Apr 1864] Darwin makes another plea to his …
- … Letter 4469 — Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, C. R., 20 Apr 1864 Hooker again refuses to help Scott, …
- … Letter 4471 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 25 Apr [1864] Darwin thinks his friend Kew …
- … Letter 4611 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 13 Sept [1864] Darwin sends abstract of John Scott …
- … Letter 4441 — Becker, Lydia to Darwin, C. R., 30 Mar 1864 Becker sends Darwin a copy of her …
Dramatisation script
Summary
Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007
Darwin's notes for his physician, 1865
Summary
On 20 May 1865, Emma Darwin recorded in her diary that John Chapman, a prominent London publisher who had studied medicine in London and Paris in the early 1840s, visited Down to consult with Darwin about his ill health. In 1863 Chapman started to treat…
Matches: 3 hits
- … a period of severe illness, which improved by March 1864 under the care of the physician William …
- … his brain or heart to be ‘primarily affected’. In March 1864, Darwin began to consult Jenner, who …
- … Correspondence vol. 12, letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 April [1864], letter from William Jenner to …
Darwin and Fatherhood
Summary
Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten children. It is often assumed that Darwin was an exceptional Victorian father. But how extraordinary was he? The Correspondence Project allows an unusually…
Matches: 1 hits
- … daughter reveal (J. D. Hooker to Darwin, 16 September 1864 ). In addition to his fears for …
Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments
Summary
The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…
Matches: 5 hits
- … for the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1864, had staunchly supported his candidacy, …
- … to CD’s theory of transmutation, in or before November 1864 ( Correspondence vol. 12, letter to …
- … ), and wrote up his results on his voyage to India in late 1864, despite suffering from sea-sickness …
- … in learned societies and in the popular press. In December 1864, George Douglas Campbell, the duke …
- … this and that modification of structure’ (G. D. Campbell 1864, pp. 275–6). Campbell argued further …
3.5 William Darwin, photo 2
Summary
< Back to Introduction Darwin’s son William, who had become a banker in Southampton, took the opportunity of a short visit home to Down House in April 1864 to photograph his father afresh. This half-length portrait was the first to show Darwin with a…
Matches: 5 hits
- … the opportunity of a short visit home to Down House in April 1864 to photograph his father afresh. …
- … among the prints that William posted to his father in May 1864, since the photograph subsequently …
- … simply inscribed by hand on the back in pencil ‘C. Darwin 1864’ – the accuracy of the dating …
- … Erasmus Darwin date of creation April 1864 computer-readable date 1864-04 …
- … William Darwin’s letter to his father [19 May 1864] sending prints of his recent photograph (DCP …
Darwin’s Photographic Portraits
Summary
Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of photography for the study of Expression and Emotions in Man and Animal, but can be witnessed in his many photographic portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that…
Matches: 4 hits
- … far more satisfied with the results. In 1860-61 and again in 1864 Charles Darwin sat for his eldest …
- … photographs of Darwin.The years between 1860 and 1864 took a physical and emotional toll on Darwin, …
- … and the Botany Libraries (left) and Charles Darwin, 1864, William Darwin, Dar 225:113, …
- … took the first portrait with his ‘venerable beard’ in 1864. Image: Charles Darwin, 1881, …
Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small
Summary
In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…
