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Darwin Correspondence Project

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To the Darwin children 3 January 1881

Summary

About the distribution of [surplus income] funds among the children.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Elizabeth (Bessy, Lizzy) Darwin; Francis Darwin; George Howard Darwin; Horace Darwin; Leonard Darwin; William Erasmus Darwin; Henrietta Emma Darwin; Henrietta Emma Litchfield
Date:	3 Jan 1881
Classmark:	DAR 210.6: 169
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-12972

Matches: 25 hits

… To the Darwin children 3 January 1881 …
… Q. Anne St. He to William, he to Leonard, he to Horace. Your obedient Father | Ch. Darwin …
… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, …
… Elizabeth Darwin, …
… Francis Darwin, G. …
… H. Darwin, …
… Horace Darwin, …
… Leonard Darwin, W. …
… E. Darwin, H. E. Litchfield, H. E. …
… DAR 210.6: 169 Charles Robert Darwin Down 3 Jan …
… 1881 Elizabeth (Bessy, Lizzy) Darwin …
… Francis Darwin George …
… Howard Darwin …
… Horace Darwin …
… Leonard Darwin William …
… Erasmus Darwin Henrietta …
… Emma Darwin/Henrietta Emma Litchfield …
… in 1880 (see Correspondence vol. 28, letter to the Darwin children, 10 January 1880 ). …
… William Erasmus Darwin , …
… Elizabeth Darwin , George …
… Howard Darwin , …
… Francis Darwin , …
… Leonard Darwin , …
… Horace Darwin , and Henrietta Emma Litchfield . Each daughter was to receive two-thirds of …

To the Darwin children 16 September 1881

Summary

A circular letter on the distribution of his money at death and the division ofErasmus’ estate.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Elizabeth (Bessy, Lizzy) Darwin; Francis Darwin; George Howard Darwin; Horace Darwin; Leonard Darwin; William Erasmus Darwin; Henrietta Emma Darwin; Henrietta Emma Litchfield
Date:	16 Sept 1881
Classmark:	DAR 210.6: 183
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13340

Matches: 29 hits

… To the Darwin children 16 September 1881 …
… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, …
… Elizabeth Darwin, …
… Francis Darwin, G. …
… H. Darwin, …
… Horace Darwin, …
… Leonard Darwin, W. …
… E. Darwin, H. E. Litchfield, H. E. …
… purposes, so that a less sum will probably be divided amongst you. — Charles Darwin …
… his sons (see Correspondence vol. 27, letter to the Darwin children, 21 February 1879 ). …
… DAR 210.6: 183 Charles Robert Darwin Down 16 Sept …
… 1881 Elizabeth (Bessy, Lizzy) Darwin …
… Francis Darwin George …
… Howard Darwin …
… Horace Darwin …
… Leonard Darwin William …
… Erasmus Darwin Henrietta …
… Emma Darwin/Henrietta Emma Litchfield …
… Robert Waring Darwin ’s estate was inherited by his …
… two sons, CD and Erasmus Alvey Darwin , and his four daughters, …
… Marianne Parker , Susan Elizabeth Darwin , Caroline Wedgwood , …
… and Catherine Darwin . Thomas Salt was a solicitor in Shrewsbury. Josiah Wedgwood II left …
… his three surviving daughters, Emma Darwin , Elizabeth Wedgwood , and Charlotte Langton . …
… Warde Norman . Catherine Langton (née Darwin), in her will, dated 9 January 1866, left her …
… order to pay for bequests to her family, friends, and servants. William Erasmus Darwin . …
… Erasmus Alvey Darwin , who died on 26 August 1881, had bequeathed half his personal estate …
… real property to CD (see letter from G. H. Darwin, 28 August 1881 ). Six Queen Anne Street …
… had land in Lincoln (see letter from G. H. Darwin, [7 September 1881] ). CD had previously …

To the Darwin children 20 December 1881

Summary

Has promised to pay Hooker about £250 annually "for the formation of a perfect MS catalogue of all known plants [Index Kewensis]".

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Elizabeth (Bessy, Lizzy) Darwin; Francis Darwin; George Howard Darwin; Horace Darwin; Leonard Darwin; William Erasmus Darwin; Henrietta Emma Darwin; Henrietta Emma Litchfield
Date:	20 Dec 1881
Classmark:	DAR (CD library—Index Kewensis tom. 1)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13570

Matches: 18 hits

… I have full confidence that this my desire will be faithfully carried out. Charles Darwin …
… To the Darwin children 20 December 1881 …
… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, …
… Elizabeth Darwin, …
… Francis Darwin, G. …
… H. Darwin, …
… Horace Darwin, …
… Leonard Darwin, W. …
… E. Darwin, H. E. Litchfield, H. E. …
… DAR (CD library— Index Kewensis tom. 1) Charles Robert Darwin Down 20 Dec …
… 1881 Elizabeth (Bessy, Lizzy) Darwin …
… Francis Darwin George …
… Howard Darwin …
… Horace Darwin …
… Leonard Darwin William …
… Erasmus Darwin Henrietta …
… Emma Darwin/Henrietta Emma Litchfield …

From W. E. Darwin 6 January 1881

Summary

Passes on legal advice.

Author:	William Erasmus Darwin
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	6 Jan 1881
Classmark:	Cornford Family Papers (DAR 275: 85)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-12980F

Matches: 30 hits

… From W. E. Darwin 6 January 1881 …
… Darwin, W. …
… E. Darwin, C. R. …
… Cornford Family Papers (DAR 275: 85) William Erasmus Darwin Southampton 6 Jan …
… 1881 Charles Robert Darwin …
… on Saturday. | Your affect son | W. E. Darwin 4.5 Scientific Library] ‘Diplomas’ added …
… Captain FitzRoy, RN, from 1832 to 1836. By Charles Darwin. London: Henry Colburn. 1839. ‘ …
… of my mind and character. By Charles Darwin. In Evolutionary writings , edited by James A. …
… were William Erasmus and George Howard Darwin ). William had suggested buying stock in the …
… Dock Company (see letter from W. E. Darwin, 1 January [1881] , and letter to W. …
… E. Darwin, 3 January [1881] ); the person in whose name the shares were to be purchased …
… E. A. Darwin, 11 October [1866] ). …
… Leonard Darwin . …
… See letter to the Darwin children, 3 January 1881 . …
… CD’s honorary diplomas are in the Darwin Archive–CUL; transcriptions appear in appendixes …
… or his surviving eldest son); his scientific library was bequeathed to Francis Darwin . …
… deeds Autograph Voyage of Beagle " Memoirs Scientific Library Portraits of C. Darwin " E. …
… Darwin " …
… R Darwin " J. Wedgwood ? …
… Picture of Foxgloves ? Portrait of W m Darwin from Uncle Eras As to plate I do not know …
… and autobiographical memoir ( ‘Recollections’ ) are in the Darwin Archive–CUL. …
… Probably Erasmus Darwin ; CD had purchased a painting of his grandfather in 1878 (see …
… 3 January 1878 ). Probably the painting of CD’s father, Robert Waring Darwin , that is …
… now in Darwin College, Cambridge. Probably the …
… painting of Josiah Wedgwood I that is now in Darwin College, Cambridge. Trajan Hughes ’s ‘ …
… 1723) is at Down House; the painting originally belonged to Robert Waring Darwin . …
… Probably the painting of William Darwin (1655–82) that …
… is now in Darwin College, Cambridge. ‘ …
… Uncle Eras’ was Erasmus Alvey Darwin . CD had been awarded the Royal Society’s Copley …
… the death of his sister Susan Elizabeth Darwin (see Correspondence vol. 14, letter from …

From G. H. Darwin [18 October 1881]

Summary

Occupied with details of E. A. Darwin’s house and furniture. He has ordered a gravestone.

Author:	George Howard Darwin
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	[18 Oct 1881]
Classmark:	DAR 210.2: 97
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13412

Matches: 17 hits

… From G. H. Darwin [18 October 1881] …
… Darwin, G. …
… H. Darwin, C. R. …
… DAR 210.2: 97 George Howard Darwin New University Club [18 …
… Oct 1881] Charles Robert Darwin …
… E. A. Darwin (see letter from G. …
… H. Darwin, 15 October 1881 ). …
… Occupied with details of E. A. Darwin’s house and furniture. He has ordered a gravestone. …
… before proceeding to sell. Yours affec | G H Darwin I have made several paymts for you …
… established by the relationship between this letter and the letter from Emma Darwin to G. …
… H. Darwin, [14 October 1881] . The Tuesday after 14 October was 18 October. …
… London, from his brother, Erasmus Alvey Darwin ; George was one of his uncle’s executors …
… and was arranging an auction of the contents (see letter from Emma Darwin to G. …
… H. Darwin, [14 October 1881] ). CD recorded receipt of £177 19 s. 2 d. from ‘Mr Gillow …
… Gillow & Co. of Oxford Street (see (see letter from G. H. Darwin, 15 October 1881 and n. …
… 5). See letter from Emma Darwin to G. …
… H. Darwin, [14 October 1881] . The gravestone was for …

To Horace Darwin 9 December 1881

Summary

CD is glad birth [of Erasmus Darwin] is over and that Ida has borne it so well.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Horace Darwin
Date:	9 Dec 1881
Classmark:	DAR 185: 9
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13541

Matches: 12 hits

… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, Horace …
… To Horace Darwin 9 December 1881 …
… DAR 185: 9 Charles Robert Darwin Down 9 …
… Dec 1881 Horace Darwin …
… CD is glad birth [of Erasmus Darwin] is over and that Ida has borne it so well. …
… Freeman, Richard Broke. 1978. Charles Darwin: a companion. Folkestone, Kent: William …
… her. Your affectionate Father | Charles Darwin P.S. Whenever George calls, give him the …
… Ida Darwin had given birth to …
… her first child, Erasmus Darwin (1881–1915), on 7 December ( Freeman 1978 ). …
… The enclosure for George Howard Darwin has not been found, but see the letter from G. …
… H. Darwin, [6 December 1881] . …

To Francis Darwin 22–3 May 1881

Summary

Is sending chapter [of Earthworms] for FD to look over.

Comments on FD’s work on movements of mould.

Is glad to hear about Julius von Sachs and the circumnutation theory.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Francis Darwin
Date:	22–3 May 1881
Classmark:	DAR 211: 75
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13170

Matches: 24 hits

… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, Francis …
… To Francis Darwin 22–3 May 1881 …
… DAR 211: 75 Charles Robert Darwin Down 22–3 …
… May 1881 Francis Darwin …
… 1881): 105–7. Movement in plants : The power of movement in plants. By Charles Darwin. …
… Assisted by Francis Darwin. London: John Murray. 1880. Sterne, …
… Ernst Krause. ) 1881a. Charles Darwin’s neue Beobachtungen über das Bewegungsvermögen der …
… geological. — Farewell | Your Father | C. Darwin Monday— 12 o oclock Bernard quite jolly— …
… Bibliography Darwin, Francis. 1880a. On the power possessed by leaves of placing …
… Society ( Botany ) 18 (1881): 420–55. Darwin, Francis. 1880c. The theory of the growth of …
… Society ( Botany ) 18 (1881): 406–19. Darwin, Francis. 1881b. Ueber Circumnutation bei …
… Goltz and Oskar Schmidt at the meeting. See letter from Francis Darwin, 19 [May 1881] . …
… See letter from Francis Darwin, 19 [May 1881] ; Francis had described the long hours kept …
… by Wortmann and De Bary. Dubba was Bernard Darwin , Francis’s …
… son; Leonard Darwin was Francis’s brother. …
… The Darwins went on holiday to Patterdale in the Lake …
… District from 2 June to 5 July 1881 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). See Earthworms , pp. …
… the direction of incident light’ ( F. Darwin 1880a ), which was published in the Journal …
… with observations on their habits. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1881. Elfving, …
… The theory of the growth of cuttings’ ( F. Darwin 1880b ), published in the Journal of the …
… under a bower. ) )See letter from Francis Darwin, 19 [May 1881] and nn. 3 and 4. Francis …
… Zeitung , 10 June and 17 June 1881; F. Darwin 1881b appeared in Botanische Zeitung , 29 …
… September 1881. See letter from Francis Darwin, 19 [May 1881] and n. 7. Wortmann reported …

From G. H. Darwin 15 October 1881

Summary

Sends text of the gravestone inscription [for E. A. Darwin] and details of arrangements for removal of furniture from Queen Anne St.

Author:	George Howard Darwin
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	15 Oct 1881
Classmark:	DAR 210.2: 95
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13401

Matches: 23 hits

… From G. H. Darwin 15 October 1881 …
… Darwin, G. …
… H. Darwin, C. R. …
… DAR 210.2: 95 George Howard Darwin 6 Queen Anne Street, London …
… 15 Oct 1881 Charles Robert Darwin …
… of the gravestone inscription [for E. A. Darwin] and details of arrangements for removal …
… 2 the Worms yet Your affec son. | G. H. Darwin They want me to be Sec. of the R. Ast. …
… of worms: with observations on their habits. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1881. …
… Richard Broke. 1977. The works of Charles Darwin: an annotated bibliographical handlist. …
… The enclosure has not been found. George and William Erasmus Darwin were the executors …
… of Erasmus Alvey Darwin ’s will. For CD’s …
… suggested wording of the inscription, see the letter from Emma Darwin to G. …
… H. Darwin, [14 October 1881] . Six Queen Anne Street, London, …
… was Erasmus’s former home. See letter from Emma Darwin to G. …
… H. Darwin, [14 October 1881] . …
… See letter from Emma Darwin to G. …
… Reporter , 24 May 1881, p. 589). Horace Darwin . Marlborough Robert Pryor lived at Weston …
… meet the various views if the inscription ran In Memory of Erasmus Alvey Darwin eldest son …
… of Robert Waring Darwin M.D, F.R.S. born 29 Dec 1804 at Shrewsbury died 26 Aug. 1881 in …
… H. Darwin, [14 October 1881] and n. 5. The agents were Gillow & Co. of Oxford Street and …
… difficulty finding work ( letter from Emma Darwin to H. E. Litchfield, 2 October [1881] ( …
… estranged husband was James Pearce . William Darwin had arranged a temporary executors’ …
… Chapman & Co. ( letter from G. H. Darwin, 28 August 1881, and n. 10) . The gardens of St …

From C. E. Norton 17 May 1881

Summary

Thanks CD for R. W. Darwin’s memoranda respecting Franklin. Would be grateful for copies of any Franklin letters that exist among Dr Darwin’s papers.

Author:	Charles Eliot Norton
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	17 May 1881
Classmark:	DAR 172: 77; Sparks ed. 1836–40, 6: 410–11
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13160

Matches: 38 hits

… Norton, C. E. Darwin, C. R. …
… 1836–40, 6: 410–11 Charles Eliot Norton Cambridge, Mass. 17 May 1881 Charles Robert Darwin …
… Thanks CD for R. W. Darwin’s memoranda respecting Franklin. Would be …
… grateful for copies of any Franklin letters that exist among Dr Darwin’s papers. …
… you at Staffordshire. I am, dear Sir, | Your affectionate friend, | Erasmus Darwin . …
… evidently assisted his son Robert Waring Darwin on his paper ‘New experiments on the …
… ocular spectra of light and colours’ ( R. W. Darwin 1786 ; …
… see Erasmus Darwin , p. 84, for CD’s assessment of …
… contribution). Franklin had last visited Erasmus Darwin in 1772 (see Uglow 2002 , p. 238). …
… Correspondence : The correspondence of Charles Darwin. Edited by Frederick Burkhardt et …
… Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1985–. Darwin, Erasmus. 1774. Experiments on animal …
… of the Royal Society of London 64: 344–9. Darwin, Robert Waring. 1786. New experiments on …
… CD had sent a copy of a note written by his father, Robert Waring Darwin , in which R. …
… W. Darwin recorded comments by Benjamin Franklin regarding Louis XVI . The letter by …
… Massachusetts. May 17, 1881. My dear Mr. Darwin It was very kind of you to send me the …
… the Royal Society 76: 313–48. Erasmus Darwin. By Ernst Krause. Translated from the German …
… with a preliminary notice by Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1879. Seward, Anna. …
… 1804. Memoirs of the life of Dr. Darwin. London: J. Johnson. Sparks, Jared, ed. 1836–40. …
… subjects, seem to have subsisted between Dr. Franklin and Dr. Darwin, but none of …
… Franklin’s letters to Darwin have come within my researches. The only record of …
… contained in Miss Seward’s ‘Memoirs of Dr. Darwin’ is the following anecdote. ” He …
… then cites the story of Dr. Darwin’s directing a letter to Dr. Franklin, America , and …
… Dr Franklin, the World . ’” Seward’s Memoirs of Dr. Darwin , p.152 If among Dr. …
… Darwin’s papers you have found any of Dr. Franklin’s letters of which you would be …
… my sister desires to join with me) to Mrs. Darwin,—and to believe me, with the highest …
… remembrances to Mrs. Lichfield, Miss Darwin, & your sons. Lichfield, 24 January, 1774. …
… s transcription of the letter from Erasmus Darwin to Franklin, published in Jared Sparks ’ …
… will return the inclosed Papers to Dr. Darwin at Lichfield Staffordshire, which will be …
… Seward 1804 , pp. 152–3. William Erasmus Darwin was recuperating from a head injury (see …
… Asa Gray, 1 June [1869] , n. 12). Henrietta Emma Litchfield , Elizabeth Darwin , William …
… Erasmus Darwin , George …
… Howard Darwin , …
… Francis Darwin , …
… Leonard Darwin , and …
… Horace Darwin . Franklin had been a member of the Royal …
… London since 1756. He communicated Erasmus Darwin’s paper ‘Experiments on animal fluids in …
… in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London ( E. Darwin 1774 ). …
… Erasmus Darwin did not publish his paper but …

From G. H. Darwin [7 September 1881]

Summary

Gives an account of the reception of his paper at York [BAAS meeting].

Author:	George Howard Darwin
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	[7 Sept 1881]
Classmark:	DAR 210.2: 92
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13321

Matches: 26 hits

… From G. H. Darwin [7 September 1881] …
… Darwin, G. …
… H. Darwin, C. R. …
… DAR 210.2: 92 George Howard Darwin London, Queen Anne St, 6 [ …
… 7 Sept 1881] Charles Robert Darwin …
… me to M r . Rich. Your affec. son | G H Darwin My cold is bad still tho’ improving a …
… DAR 219.1: 147)). CD and Emma Darwin visited Anthony Rich in Worthing from 8 to 10 …
… that he feared he could not ‘cook himself up enough to go’ ( letter from Emma Darwin to …
… Ida Darwin, [6 September 1881] (DAR 258: 632)). …
… Bibliography Darwin, George Howard. 1881c. On an instrument for detecting and measuring …
… at York (1881): 93–126. Worsley, Peter. 2017. The Darwin farms: the Lincolnshire estates …
… of Charles and Erasmus Darwin and their family. …
… Lichfield: Erasmus Darwin Foundation. …
… this letter and the letter to G. H. Darwin, 8 September [1881] . In 1881, the Wednesday …
… before 8 September was 7 September. George Howard Darwin and …
… Horace Darwin were in York to attend the meeting of the British Association for the …
… Advancement of Science, held at York , pp. 93–126 ( G. H. Darwin 1881c ). George was an …
… the will of CD’s brother, Erasmus Alvey Darwin , who died on 26 August. George was staying …
… London directory 1878). Erasmus Alvey Darwin had inherited properties in Lincolnshire …
… from his father, Robert Waring Darwin , but it was unlikely they were part of the …
… because that had not been owned by the Darwin family since 1762 ( Worsley 2017 , pp. 40 …
… and 71). William Thomson . William Erasmus Darwin was …
… Erasmus Alvey Darwin’s other executor (see letter from G. …
… H. Darwin, 28 August 1881 ). …
… William and Sara Darwin were about to leave for a trip to the …
… letter dated 14 September [1881], Emma Darwin thanked Sara for her postcard from Rheims ( …

From W. E. Darwin 21 November 1881

Summary

Financial matters; executing EAD’s will; pleased to hear news about Prof. Challis.

Author:	William Erasmus Darwin
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	21 Nov 1881
Classmark:	Cornford Family Papers (DAR 275: 96)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13497F

Matches: 17 hits

… From W. E. Darwin 21 November 1881 …
… Darwin, W. …
… E. Darwin, C. R. …
… Goodbye dear Father | Your affect son | W. E. Darwin I shall much like meeting M r Graham …
… Cornford Family Papers (DAR 275: 96) William Erasmus Darwin Southampton 21 Nov …
… 1881 Charles Robert Darwin …
… William Graham visited the Darwins at Down on 3 December 1881; Joseph Dalton Hooker …
… Hooker were also present ( letter from Emma Darwin to H. E. Litchfield, 4 December 1881 ( …
… Emma Darwin ’s trust included shares in the Maryport & Carlisle railway company (CD’s …
… Down House MS), p. 124). Erasmus Alvey Darwin had been a co-trustee (see Correspondence …
… vol. 5, letter from E. A. Darwin, 26 April 1853 ). …
… William and George Howard Darwin were the executors of Erasmus’s will. CD had inherited …
… and property in Lincoln (see letter to W. E. Darwin, 13 September [1881] ). The lawyers …
… London agents, Paterson, Snow, & Bloxam (see letter from G. H. Darwin, [29 August 1881]) . …
… William and Sara Darwin came to Down on …
… 3 December ( letter from Emma Darwin to H. E. Litchfield, 4 December 1881 (DAR 219.9: …
… in the event of James Challis ’s death (see letter from G. H. Darwin, 17 November 1881 ). …

To Francis Darwin 30 May [1881]

Summary

CD looks forward with dread to future as he does not have the strength to begin any new subject requiring much work.

Plans to look again at the absorption by roots and root-hairs.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Francis Darwin
Date:	30 May [1881]
Classmark:	DAR 211: 79
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13184

Matches: 16 hits

… device but that he must order one from Cambridge! Your affectionate Father | C. Darwin …
… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, Francis …
… To Francis Darwin 30 May [1881] …
… DAR 211: 79 Charles Robert Darwin Down 30 …
… May [1881] Francis Darwin …
… of gravity), probably a version of the instrument built by Horace Darwin (see letter …
… to Francis Darwin, 20 May 1881 and n. 3). Francis may have given Wortmann such an …
… of worms: with observations on their habits. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1881. …
… by the relationship between this letter and the letter to Francis Darwin, 20 May 1881 . …
… The Darwins began their journey to the Lake District on 2 June 1881; they stayed at …
… CD’s aunt. George Gordon Tomkins was about the same age as Bernard Darwin , Francis’s son. …
… Elizabeth Darwin . Francis regularly sent paper soldiers to Bernard; Uhlans were light …
… often had elaborate uniforms (see letter from Francis Darwin, 19 [May 1881] and n. …
… 13). Elizabeth Darwin went to London …
… to see the Darwin family dentist, Alfred James Woodhouse . Julius Wortmann was Anton de …

To W. E. Darwin [27 February 1881]

Summary

Discusses some business matters

and E. A. Darwin’s health.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	William Erasmus Darwin
Date:	[27 Feb 1881]
Classmark:	DAR 210.6: 177
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13035

Matches: 15 hits

… To W. E. Darwin [27 February 1881] …
… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, W. E. …
… DAR 210.6: 177 Charles Robert Darwin London, Bryanston St, 4 [ …
… 27 Feb 1881] William Erasmus Darwin …
… Discusses some business matters and E. A. Darwin’s health. …
… We have seen a multitude of people & I am soon off for the Huxleys Ever yours | C. Darwin …
… shares, since CD mentions the Railway Company. Emma Darwin had first reported that E. …
… A. Darwin was very unwell in her letter to G. …
… H. Darwin of 16 February 1881 (DAR 210.3: 4). CD mentioned a visit to Thomas Henry Huxley …
… and Henrietta Anne Huxley in his letter to G. H. Darwin, 27–8 February [1881] . …
… March 1881, and the reference to Erasmus Alvey Darwin ’s ill health (see also letter to G. …
… H. Darwin, 27–8 February [1881] ). The Sunday between 24 February and 3 March was 27 …
… The enclosure has not been found. It possibly related to Emma Darwin’s trust, of which E. …
… A. Darwin was a trustee. The other trustee had been Emma’s recently deceased brother …

To W. E. Darwin 13 September [1881]

Summary

Discusses financial affairs.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	William Erasmus Darwin
Date:	13 Sept [1881]
Classmark:	DAR 210.6: 182
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13334

Matches: 21 hits

… To W. E. Darwin 13 September [1881] …
… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, W. E. …
… DAR 210.6: 182 Charles Robert Darwin Down 13 Sept [ …
… 1881] William Erasmus Darwin …
… Give my best love to Sara. — | your affectionate Father | C. Darwin Sept 13 th | Down. — …
… light upon the subject ( Judd 1881 ). William and Sara Darwin were on the Continent; in a …
… letter dated 14 September [1881], Emma Darwin thanked Sara for her postcard from Rheims ( …
… Bibliography Darwin, George Howard. 1881c. On an instrument for detecting and measuring …
… a substantial bequest from Erasmus Alvey Darwin , CD had asked William to revalue his …
… estate (see letter to G. H. Darwin, 8 September [1881] ). See letter to W. M. Hacon, 11 …
… a letter dated 13 September 1881, Emma Darwin reported to Henrietta Emma Litchfield that …
… rich’ (DAR 219.9: 270). Erasmus Alvey Darwin had died on 26 August 1881; he had bequeathed …
… real property to CD (see letter from G. H. Darwin, 28 August 1881 ). Erasmus had lived at …
… Anne Street in London and had property in Lincoln. William and George Howard Darwin were …
… Erasmus Alvey Darwin’s executors (see letter from G. …
… H. Darwin, 28 August 1881 ). …
… George Howard Darwin and …
… Horace Darwin had attended the meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of …
… which was ‘written in the name of G. H. Darwin merely for the sake of verbal convenience’, …
… Advancement of Science, held at York ( G. H. Darwin 1881c ). John Wesley Judd stated in …

To Francis Darwin 16 and 17 May 1881

Summary

Some papers have arrived for FD.

Comments on the work of Phillipe van Tieghem who evidently knows nothing of insectivorous plants.

Leslie Stephen’s visit to Down went off well.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Francis Darwin
Date:	16 and 17 May 1881
Classmark:	DAR 211: 73
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13159

Matches: 33 hits

… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, Francis …
… To Francis Darwin 16 and 17 May 1881 …
… DAR 211: 73 Charles Robert Darwin Down 16 and …
… 17 May 1881 Francis Darwin …
… found, but see the letter from Francis Darwin, 14 May 1881 and n. 1. CD was waiting for …
… A. Secord ed. 2008 , pp. 399–407). See postcard to Francis Darwin, 12 May [1881] and n. 1. …
… botanical journal. See letter from Francis Darwin, 14 May 1881 and n. 7; Francis had …
… of a fungus. See letter from Francis Darwin, 14 May 1881 and n. 10. Caroline Wedgwood was …
… CD’s sister. Abba-dubba was a pet name for Francis’s son Bernard Darwin . …
… Emma Darwin visited Ellen Harriet Tollet …
… on 17 May 1881 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). …
… 7. Secord, James Andrew, ed. 2008. Charles Darwin: evolutionary writings . Oxford: Oxford …
… et naturelles 3d ser. 5: 260–87; 358–96. Darwin, Francis. 1880c. The theory of the growth …
… Society ( Botany ) 18 (1881): 406–19. Darwin, Francis. 1881a. Kletterpflanzen. Eine …
… with observations on their habits. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1881. OED : The …
… fellow, | Your affect te . Father, | C. Darwin If you can naturally do so, give my best …
… theory of the growth of cuttings’ ( F. Darwin 1880b ). The paper, ‘Kletterpflanzen. Eine …
… Climbing plants. A popular lecture; F. Darwin 1881a ), was a German translation of a …
… C. de Candolle 1881 ) is in the Darwin Pamphlet Collection–CUL. CD had evidently just …
… of eight) parts, all undated, are in the Darwin Library–CUL. For Tieghem’s remarks on …
… Correspondence vol 26, letter from Francis Darwin, [4–7 August 1878] ). Gaston Bonnier had …
… for pain relief has been found in the Darwin Archive–CUL; however, an article written by …
… Emily Elizabeth Loch visited from 14 to 18 May 1881; no visit by George Howard Darwin and …
… Leonard Darwin is …
… recorded ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). Stephen was a founder member of the Sunday …
… s.v. Sunday Tramps). They visited Down on 8 January 1882 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). …
… Bernard Darwin was Francis’s son; Francis’s letter to him has not been found. Mary Ann …
… has not been identified. Augusta Dickson , Emma Darwin 's maid, had been taken ill at …
… the beginning of May ( letter from Emma Darwin to H. E. Litchfield, [3 May 1881] ; DAR …
… George had visited him in Davos, Switzerland, in 1880 ( letter from Elizabeth Darwin to G. …
… H. Darwin, 3 February 1880 ; DAR 251: 1412). …
… See letter from Francis Darwin, 14 May 1881 and n. 9. Ernst Stahl had replaced Eduard …

To Francis Darwin 27 May 1881

Summary

Dispatches chapters six and seven [of Earthworms].

Asks for any opinions on V. Hensen and his book, Physiologie der Zeugung [1881], which seems interesting.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Francis Darwin
Date:	27 May 1881
Classmark:	DAR 211: 77
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13179

Matches: 24 hits

… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, Francis …
… To Francis Darwin 27 May 1881 …
… DAR 211: 77 Charles Robert Darwin Down 27 …
… May 1881 Francis Darwin …
… about the Pendulum & about the shop. — My dear F | your affectionate Father | C. Darwin …
… G. and Wolfe, Arthur F. 1987. Horace Darwin’s shop: a history of the Cambridge Scientific …
… self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1876. …
… and selection in relation to sex. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871. ‘ …
… CD had met John Ruskin in 1879 when the Darwins visited Coniston in the Lake District (see …
… September [1879] and n. 5). For more on the Darwins’ visit with Ruskin, see Healey 2001 , …
… pp. 301–6. The Darwins went on holiday to Patterdale in the Lake …
… and on the good effects of intercrossing. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1862. …
… and plants under domestication. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1868. …
… musical instrument except the harp, as well as sing ( Grove 2002 ). Leonard Darwin was …
… accompanying the Darwins on their holiday to the Lake District (see n. …
… 2, above). Horace Darwin was constructing a pendulum for a committee of the British …
… remarkable sexual relations. By Charles Darwin. [Read 21 November 1861. ] Journal of the …
… observations on their habits. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1881. Grove, George. …
… University Press). Healey, Edna. 2001. Emma Darwin: the inspirational wife of a genius. …
… District from 2 June to 5 July 1881 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). …
… Francis often sent his son Bernard Darwin paper soldiers (see …
… letter from Francis Darwin, 19 [May 1881] and n. 13). Ragnar Hult ’s doctoral …
… Hensen 1881 ) has not been found in the Darwin Library–CUL. Hensen cited several of CD’s …

From W. E. Darwin [16 January 1881]

Summary

Thanks CD for writing for papers to enter Geological Society. Will return Leslie Stephen’s letter. Has had a severe frost. Emma’s puppy died.

Author:	William Erasmus Darwin
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	[16 Jan 1881]
Classmark:	Cornford Family Papers (DAR 275: 100)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13023F

Matches: 20 hits

… From W. E. Darwin [16 January 1881] …
… Darwin, W. …
… E. Darwin, C. R. …
… Cornford Family Papers (DAR 275: 100) William Erasmus Darwin Basset, Southampton [16 …
… Jan 1881] Charles Robert Darwin …
… Bibliography Erasmus Darwin. By Ernst Krause. Translated from the German by …
… W. S. Dallas, with a preliminary notice by Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1879. …
… well and her holiday has done her good. She sends her love. Your affect Son | W. E. Darwin …
… in Southampton. Sara had spent time at Down after Christmas ( letter from Emma Darwin to …
… Sara Darwin, [13 January 1881] (DAR 219.1: 140)). …
… this letter and the letter to W. E. Darwin, 14 January [1881] . The Sunday following 14 …
… 1881 was 16 January. See letter to W. E. Darwin, 14 January [1881] ; CD was preparing a …
… Society of London . See letter to W. E. Darwin, 14 January [1881] and n. 5. CD was trying …
… ledges on steep grassy slopes. Sara Darwin . CD had asked Stephen for advice about how to …
… from Leslie Stephen, 12 January [1881] ). Leonard Darwin had suggested adding an errata …
… sheet to unsold copies of Erasmus Darwin (see letter …
… from Leonard Darwin to Leslie Stephen, [10 January 1881] ). …
… Leonard was ill in London ( letter from Emma Darwin to …
… Sara Darwin, [13 January 1881] (DAR 219.1: 140)). …
… According to Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242), Leonard next visited Down on 5 and 6 February …

To W. E. Darwin 25 January 1881

Summary

Writes of WED’s certificate for the Geological Society

and discusses various instances of earthworm activity.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	William Erasmus Darwin
Date:	25 Jan 1881
Classmark:	DAR 210.6: 172
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13027

Matches: 14 hits

… sh d then start & that it was a calm— Best love to Sara | Ever yours affect | C. Darwin …
… To W. E. Darwin 25 January 1881 …
… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, W. E. …
… DAR 210.6: 172 Charles Robert Darwin Down 25 Jan …
… 1881 William Erasmus Darwin …
… of worms: with observations on their habits. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1881. …
… on the codicil to the will, see the letter from W. E. Darwin, 6 January 1881 and n. 12. …
… See letter to W. E. Darwin, 3 January [1881] and n. 6. George’s letter from Dartmouth has …
… been found; he was travelling to Madeira ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 20 January [1881] ). …
… Sara Darwin . …
… Correspondence vol. 28, letter from W. E. Darwin, 1 December [1880] ). CD discussed the …
… see Correspondence vol. 28, letter from W. E. Darwin, 31 December [1880] and n. 3, and …
… Earthworms , pp. 298, 302–4. George Howard Darwin . CD was trying to determine whether …

To G. H. Darwin 6 [October 1881]

Summary

Is obliged to GHD for arranging everything.

Sorry about the proof-sheets.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	George Howard Darwin
Date:	6 [Oct 1881]
Classmark:	DAR 210.1: 110
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13319

Matches: 16 hits

… To G. H. Darwin 6 [October 1881] …
… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, G. H. …
… DAR 210.1: 110 Charles Robert Darwin Down 6 [Oct …
… 1881] George Howard Darwin …
… 12 October 1881, are in DAR 52: F73–83. William Erasmus Darwin . The news of the outbreak …
… fever had been sent in a telegram from Bernard Darwin ’s maternal grandmother, Mary Anne …
… Ruck ; in the end only Francis Darwin made the trip to see …
… the Ruck family and Bernard Darwin remained at Down ( …
… letter from Emma Darwin to G. …
… H. Darwin, [11 October 1881] (DAR 210.3: 25)). …
… fever at Aberdovy & there are doubts about Bernard going there Farewell | C. Darwin …
… in practice at 25 Lincoln’s Inn Fields ( Post Office London directory ). George Darwin was …
… Erasmus Alvey Darwin’s executor; Paterson was the London agent dealing with the estate ( …
… see letter to G. H. Darwin, [28 August 1881] and n. 2). George’s note to Paterson has not …
… 1881): 93–126 (see letters from G. H. Darwin, 28 August 1881 and [7 September 1881] ). CD …

From W. E. Darwin 9 December 1881

Summary

Financial paperwork; pleased at news of Horace and Ida Darwin’s baby, Erasmus.

Author:	William Erasmus Darwin
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	9 Dec 1881
Classmark:	Cornford Family Papers (DAR 275: 98)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13541F

Matches: 16 hits

… From W. E. Darwin 9 December 1881 …
… Darwin, W. …
… E. Darwin, C. R. …
… Cornford Family Papers (DAR 275: 98) William Erasmus Darwin Southampton 9 Dec …
… 1881 Charles Robert Darwin …
… Financial paperwork; pleased at news of Horace and Ida Darwin’s baby, Erasmus. …
… Freeman, Richard Broke. 1978. Charles Darwin: a companion. Folkestone, Kent: William …
… dear Father | Your affect son | W. E. Darwin I had a satisfactory interview with Salt and …
… CD had inherited the Lincoln property from Erasmus Alvey Darwin (see letter to W. …
… E. Darwin, 13 September [1881] ). The rent paid prior to Erasmus’s …
… 1881 went into the account being administered by his executors, William Erasmus Darwin and …
… George Howard Darwin . John Higgins was CD’s …
… land agent in Lincolnshire. Erasmus Darwin , born on 7 December 1881 ( Freeman 1978 ), …
… was the first child of Horace and Ida Darwin , who lived in Cambridge. George Moultrie …
… to property bequeathed to CD by Erasmus Alvey Darwin . CD had loaned William Mostyn Owen £ …
… of his investments to William Erasmus Darwin (CD’s Account books–banking account (Down …

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Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 25 hits

… Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig …
… as the creator of this dramatisation, and that of the Darwin Correspondence Project to be identified …
… correspondence or published writings of Asa Gray, Charles Darwin, Joseph Dalton Hooker, Jane Loring …
… Actor 1 – Asa Gray Actor 2 – Charles Darwin Actor 3 – In the dress of a modern day …
… Agassiz, Adam Sedgwick, A Friend of John Stuart Mill, Emma Darwin, Horace Darwin… and acts as a sort …
… the play unfolds and acting as a go-between between Gray and Darwin, and between the audience and …
… this, he sends out copies of his Review of the Life of Darwin. At this time in his life, Asa …
… friends in England, copies of his ‘Review of the Life of Darwin’… pencilling the address so that it …
… Joseph D Hooker GRAY: 3 Charles Darwin… made his home on the border of the little …
… are kept in check by a constitutional weakness. DARWIN: A plain but comfortable brick …
… by every blessing except that of vigorous health… DARWIN: 4 My confounded stomach …
… pursuits and the simplicity of his character. DARWIN: 5 I am allowed to work now …
… own house, where he was the most charming of hosts. DARWIN: 6 My life goes on …
… being a part of [an unpublished] manuscript. Darwin settles down to write. His tone is …
… THE CONCURRENCE OF BOTANISTS: 1855 In which Darwin initiates a long-running correspondence …
… gossip about difficult colleagues (Agassiz). Gray realizes Darwin is not revealing all of his …
… man, more formally attired and lighter on his feet than Darwin. He has many more demands on his time …
… catches his attention. He opens the letter. DARWIN: 8 April 25 th 1855. My …
… filled up the paper you sent me as well as I could. DARWIN: 10 My dear Dr Gray. I …
… is condensed in that little sheet of note-paper! DARWIN: 11 My dear Hooker… What …
… surprising good. GRAY: 12 My dear Mr Darwin, I rejoice in furnishing facts to …
… of the sort to the advancement of science… DARWIN: 13 I hope… before [the] end of …
… reasonably expect… Yours most sincerely Asa Gray. DARWIN: 16 My dear Gray… Your …
… Journal, as a nut for [Professor] Agassiz to crack. Darwin and Gray share a joke at the …
… will turn up that he cannot explain away… DARWIN: 22 Hurrah I got yesterday my …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 11 hits

… | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a …
… community. Here is a selection of letters exchanged between Darwin and his workforce of women …
… Women: Letter 1194 - Darwin to Whitby, M. A. T., [12 August 1849] Darwin …
… peculiarities in inheritance. Letter 3787 - Darwin, H. E. to Darwin, [29 October …
… garden. Letter 4523 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [6 June 1864] Darwin’s …
… . Letter 5745 - Barber, M. E. to Darwin, [after February 1867] Mary Barber …
… Letter 6535 - Vaughan Williams , M. S. to Darwin, H. E., [after 14 October 1869] …
… Letter 8611 - Cupples, A. J. to Darwin, E., [8 November1872] Anne Jane Cupples, …
… observations on the expression of emotion in dogs with Emma Darwin. Letter 8676 - …
… and offers to observe birds, insects or plants on Darwin’s behalf. Letter 8683 - …
… ears. Letter 8701 - Lubbock, E. F . to Darwin, [1873] Ellen Lubbock, …

Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots

Summary

Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…

Matches: 16 hits

… There are summaries of all Darwin's letters from the year 1879 on this website. The full texts …
… 27 of the print edition of The correspondence of Charles Darwin , published by Cambridge …
… to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an …
… the sensitivity of the tips. Despite this breakthrough, when Darwin first mentioned the book to his …
… 1879 ). He was also unsatisfied with his account of Erasmus Darwin, declaring, ‘My little biography …
… a holiday in the Lake District in August did little to raise Darwin’s spirits. ‘I wish that my …
… W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, [after 26] July [1879] ). From July, Darwin had an additional worry: the …
… that his grandfather had felt the same way. In 1792, Erasmus Darwin had written: ‘The worst thing I …
… contained a warmer note and the promise of future happiness: Darwin learned he was to be visited by …
… Hacon, 31 December 1879 ). Seventy years old Darwin’s seventieth birthday on 12 …
… the veteran of Modern Zoology’, but it was in Germany that Darwin was most fêted. A German …
… ). The masters of Greiz College in Thuringia venerated Darwin as ‘the deep thinker’, while …
… accepted in Germany. ‘On this festive day’, Haeckel told Darwin, ‘you can look back, with justified …
… Hermann Müller wrote on 12 February to wish Darwin a ‘long and serene evening of life’. This …
… on the theory of development in connection with Charles Darwin and Ernst Haeckel. Kosmos was, as …
… March, with encouragement from his brother, Erasmus Alvey Darwin, Darwin decided to publish an …

Fake Darwin: myths and misconceptions

Summary

Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive ones, with full debunking below...

Matches: 1 hits

… Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive …

Darwin and working from home

Summary

Ever wondered how Darwin worked? As part of our For the Curious series of simple interactives, ‘Darwin working from home’ lets you explore objects from Darwin’s study and garden at Down House to learn how he worked and what he had to say about it. And not…

Matches: 5 hits

… fixed on the spot where I shall end it . Charles Darwin to Robert FitzRoy, 1 October 1846 …
… collaboration of his family. ► Darwin's Study Explore Darwin& …
… is the study that can be seen at Down House today. Darwin's daily routine …
… 6 pm Rested again in bedroom with ED [Emma Darwin] reading aloud. 7 …
… him. Account summarised in Charles Darwin: A Companion by R.B. Freeman, …

Language: key letters

Summary

How and why language evolved bears on larger questions about the evolution of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the development of human speech from animal sounds in The Descent of Man (1871),…

Matches: 15 hits

… human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the …
… he first began to reflect on the transmutation of species. Darwin’s correspondence reveals the scope …
… he exchanged information and ideas. Letter 346: Darwin, C. R. to Darwin, C. S., 27 Feb 1837 …
… one stock.” Letter 2070: Wedgwood, Hensleigh to Darwin, C. R., [before 29 Sept 1857] …
… down of former continents.” Letter 3054: Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, Charles, 2 Feb [1861] …
… that languages, like species, were separately created. Darwin writes to the geologist Charles Lyell …
… I tell him is perfectly logical.” Letter 5605: Darwin, C. R. to Müller, J. F. T., 15 Aug …
… loud noise?” Letter 7040: Wedgwood, Hensleigh to Darwin, C. R., [1868-70?] As …
… gradually growing to such a stage” Letter 8367: Darwin, C. R. to Wright, Chauncey, 3 June …
… unconsciously altering the breed. Letter 8962: Darwin, C. R. to Max Müller, Friedrich, 3 …
… Letter 10194: Max Müller, Friedrich to Darwin, C. R., 13 Oct [1875] For Müller, human and …
… Language […]” Letter 9887: Dawkins, W. B. to Darwin, C. R., 14 Mar 1875 The …
… of race […]” Letter 11074: Sayce, A. H. to Darwin, C. R., 27 July 1877 Darwin’s …
… and comparative philologist Archibald Sayce wrote to Darwin with a series of detailed questions …
… how a child first uttered the word ‘mum’. In his reply, Darwin told Sayce “that ‘mum’ arose from …

Women as a scientific audience

Summary

Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…

Matches: 13 hits

… Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those …
… a broad variety of women had access to, and engaged with, Darwin's published works. A set of …
… women a target audience? Letter 2447 - Darwin to Murray, J., [5 April 1859] …
… that his views are original and will appeal to the public. Darwin asks Murray to forward the …
… and criticisms of style. Letter 2461 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [11 May 1859] …
… it had been proofread and edited by “a lady”. Darwin, E. to Darwin, W. E. , (March 1862 …
… typically-male readers. Letter 7124 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E., [8 February 1870] …
… and style. Letter 7329 - Murray , J. to Darwin, [28 September 1870] …
… impeding general perusal. Letter 7331 - Darwin to Murray, J., [29 September …
… content. Letter 8335 - Reade, W. W. to Darwin, [16 May 1872] Reade …
… of women. Letter 8341 - Reade, W. W. to Darwin, [20 May 1872] Reade …
… women. Letter 8611 - Cupples, A. J. to Darwin, E., [8 November 1872] …
… Cupples got hold of it first. Darwin’s female readership …

Darwin in letters, 1881: Old friends and new admirers

Summary

In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began writing about all the eminent men he had met. He embarked on this task, which formed an addition to his autobiography, because he had nothing else to do. He had…

Matches: 21 hits

… In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began …
… a very old man, who probably will not last much longer.’ Darwin’s biggest fear was not death, but …
… sweetest place on this earth’. From the start of the year, Darwin had his demise on his mind. He …
… provision for the dividing of his wealth after his death. Darwin’s gloominess was compounded by the …
… and new admirers got in touch, and, for all his fears, Darwin found several scientific topics to …
… Evolution old and new when revising his essay on Erasmus Darwin’s scientific work, and that Darwin …
… memory in November 1880 and in an abusive letter about Darwin in the St James’s Gazette on 8 …
… in a review of Unconscious memory in Kosmos and sent Darwin a separate letter for …
… Butler wished to boast publicly that his quarrel was with Darwin, agreed. Unsure how to address …
… gone mad on such a small matter’. The following day, Darwin himself wrote to Stephen, admitting that …
… a slap in the face as he would have cause to remember’. Darwin was enormously relieved. ‘Your note …
… wrote such a savage review of Unconscious memory that Darwin feared he had redirected Butler’s …
… so much for anything in my life as for its success’, Darwin told Arabella Buckley on 4 January . …
… that Wallace would receive £200 a year, he wrote to Darwin, ‘I congratulate you on the success of …
… on 8 January (his 58th birthday) and immediately wrote to Darwin to thank him for his ‘constant …
… he had done. Buckley’s delight was evident when she told Darwin on 13 January : ‘I have always …
… of 1881. This book had been a major undertaking for both Darwin and his son Francis, who assisted in …
… ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 4 January 1881 ). Unlike Darwin’s other books, Movement in plants …
… those who had received presentation copies who complimented Darwin, made suggestions, and pointed …
… of the technical terms used in the book particularly pleased Darwin because, he told Candolle on …
… Brazil on the movements of leaves that were so original that Darwin sent them to Nature for …

Scientific Networks

Summary

Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…

Matches: 13 hits

… activities for building and maintaining such connections. Darwin's networks extended from his …
… when strong institutional structures were largely absent. Darwin had a small circle of scientific …
… section contains two sets of letters. The first is between Darwin and his friend Kew botanist J. D. …
… about Hooker’s thoughts. Letter 729 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., [11 Jan 1844] …
… is like confessing a murder”. Letter 736 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 23 Feb [1844 …
… of wide-ranging species to wide-ranging genera. Darwin and Gray Letter 1674 …
… of the species. Letter 1685 — Gray, Asa to Darwin, C. R., 22 May 1855 Gray …
… of alpine flora in the USA. Letter 2125 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 20 July [1857] …
… have in simple truth been of the utmost value to me.” Darwin believes species have arisen, like …
… or continuous area; they are actual lineal descendants. Darwin discusses fertilisation in the bud …
… exchange This collection of letters between Darwin and Hooker, while Darwin was writing his …
… to information exchange. Letter 1202 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 6 Oct [1848] …
… followed automatically. On the issue of nomenclature reform, Darwin opposes appending first …

Darwin’s Photographic Portraits

Summary

Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of photography for the study of Expression and Emotions in Man and Animal, but can be witnessed in his many photographic portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that…

Matches: 14 hits

… Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of …
… portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that Darwin undertook throughout his lifetime …
… was jokingly lamenting his role as an intermediary for Darwin and his correspondents from around the …
… of friends and relatives was not a pursuit unique to Darwin (the exchange of photographic images was …
… reinforced his experimental and scientific network. Darwin’s Portraits Darwin sat for …
… famous photographers to studio portraitists looking to sell Darwin’s image to the masses. Between …
… in nineteenth-century photography. Darwin’s first photo-chemical experience …
… This particular daguerreotype is unique in terms of Darwin’s collection of photographs – it is the …
… exchanged, but rather was an object of display placed on a Darwin family mantlepiece. The image …
… in London and made at least four different exposures of Darwin between 1853 and 1857. They …
… While this image is notable as the first popular image of Darwin, the extent to which Darwin …
… me look atrociously wicked.” Image: Charles Darwin, by Maull & Polyblank, albumen …
… Portrait Gallery, London (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0) Darwin’s next experience with the …
… with the results. In 1860-61 and again in 1864 Charles Darwin sat for his eldest son, William Darwin …

Home learning: 7-11 years

Summary

Do try this at home! Support your children’s learning by downloading our free and fun activities for those aged between 7-11 and 11-14 years, using Darwin’s letters.

Matches: 7 hits

… for those aged between 7-11 and 11-14 years, using Darwin’s letters. Here are a few …
… family discussion: If you were going to interview Darwin about his life and work, what …
… Follow-up family discussion: Darwin sent back rocks, soils, plants and animal specimens …
… world without going on a voyage? More Darwin and the Beagle Voyage activities …
… Follow-up family discussion: If you were Darwin how would you send back a rare …
… on a plant hunting trip today? More Darwin the Collector activities …
… and why does it still happen today? More Darwin and Evolution activities …

Religion

Summary

Design|Personal Belief|Beauty|The Church Perhaps the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same can be said of the evolution controversy today; however the nature of the disputes and the manner in…

Matches: 16 hits

… the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same …
… nineteenth century were different in important ways. Many of Darwin's leading supporters were …
… their religious beliefs with evolutionary theory. Darwin's own writing, both in print and …
… much as possible. A number of correspondents tried to draw Darwin out on his own religious views, …
… political contexts. Design Darwin was not the first to challenge …
… on the controversial topic of design. The first is between Darwin and Harvard botanist Asa Gray, …
… second is a single letter from naturalist A. R. Wallace to Darwin on design and natural selection. …
… result of “brute force”. Letter 2855 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 3 July [1860] …
… a “muddle” on this issue. Letter 3256 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 17 Sept [1861] …
… experiment about an angel. Letter 3342 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 11 Dec [1861] …
… some questions about design. Letter 6167 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 8 May [1868] …
… of each fragment at the base of my precipice”. Darwin and Wallace Letter 5140 …
… of natural selection. He worries about the accusation in Darwin & his teachings “ Natural …
… fittest” instead of “Natural Selection”. Wallace urges Darwin to stress frequency of variations. …
… Personal Belief This collection of letters explores Darwin’s reluctance to take a definitive …
… own family. Letter 441 — Wedgwood, Emma to Darwin, C. R., [21–22 Nov 1838] In this …

Language: Interview with Gregory Radick

Summary

Darwin made a famous comment about parallels between changes in language and species change. Gregory Radick, Professor of History and Philosophy of Science at Leeds University, talks about the importance of the development of language to Darwin, what…

Matches: 22 hits

… the interview. 1. According to Darwin, how did language begin? …
… a bit more about that? 4. How did you use Darwin’s correspondence to re-evaluate …
… is the power of language. And the most important element in Darwin’s account of the origin of …
… the world or standing for feelings, begin to accumulate, and Darwin says these signs gave advantages …
… predators that might attack them, whatever it might be, Darwin thinks had an advantage in the …
… So language begins to accumulate like that. Likewise, Darwin thinks, in the courtship competition …
… better functioning brains. And a very important part of Darwin’s account of the origin of language …
… become more intelligent. And with larger intelligence comes, Darwin thinks, so many things—the …
… and so forth. 2. Was this an important topic for Darwin? And if so, why? It was hugely …
… systems of nonhuman animals, and human language. And so Darwin saw himself as trying to combat that …
… Darwinian account of the origin of language. 3. Darwin made a famous comment about parallels …
… that? Well, there’s a famous passage at the end of Darwin’s discussion of the evolutionary …
… ten of these. And a question has arisen, quite what was Darwin getting up to in pointing out these …
… debate, and on the one side are people who say that Darwin couldn’t resist an opportunity to review …
… but I also think something more is going on there. Darwin was very concerned to defend his position …
… the languages still show the formerly high state. So Darwin’s concerned, in my view, to …
… people who like to think of themselves as fans of Charles Darwin because, of course, we don’t …
… that, equality of languages. But that wasn’t the case for Darwin, that wasn’t how he understood his …
… him and us, however uncomfortable. 4. How did you use Darwin’s correspondence to re-evaluate …
… topics, I learned that there was a story around about how Darwin, very late in life, had changed his …
… of study of all this, and it turns out that from the time of Darwin’s death through till now, …
… not quite at the deathbed, but in 1881, a letter in which Darwin wrote to a friend of his that he …

Controversy

Summary

The best-known controversies over Darwinian theory took place in public or in printed reviews. Many of these were highly polemical, presenting an over-simplified picture of the disputes. Letters, however, show that the responses to Darwin were extremely…

Matches: 14 hits

… Disagreement & Respect | Conduct of Debate | Darwin & Wallace The best-known …
… the disputes. Letters, however, show that the responses to Darwin were extremely variable. Many of …
… was itself an important arena of debate, one that Darwin greatly preferred to the public sphere. …
… and support sustained in spite of enduring differences. Darwin's correspondence can thus help …
… Disagreement and Respect Darwin rarely engaged with critics publically. Letters exchanged …
… Richard Owen, the eminent comparative anatomist, show how Darwin tried to manage strong disagreement …
… were less severe, the relationship quickly deteriorated and Darwin came to regard him as a bitter …
… of respect. Letter 2548 — Sedgwick, Adam to Darwin, C. R., 24 Nov 1859 Adam …
… which can neither be proved nor disproved”. He says that Darwin’s “grand principle natural …
… and as his true-hearted friend. Letter 2555 — Darwin, C. R. to Sedgwick, Adam, 26 Nov …
… have influenced the conclusions at which he has arrived. Darwin does not think the book will be …
… and incoming of living species” and so could not regard Darwin’s attempt to demonstrate the nature …
… at length a conversation with Owen concerning Origin . Darwin notes “that at bottom he goes …
… he thinks a sort of Bear was the grandpapa of Whales!” Darwin has heard Herschel considered his book …

Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life

Summary

1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time. And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth. All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…

Matches: 23 hits

… The year 1876 started out sedately enough with Darwin working on the first draft of his book on the …
… games. ‘I have won, hurrah, hurrah, 2795 games’, Darwin boasted; ‘my wife … poor creature, has won …
… regarding the ailments that were so much a feature of Darwin family life. But the calm was not to …
… four days later. ‘I cannot bear to think of the future’, Darwin confessed to William on 11 …
… once, the labour of checking proofs proved a blessing, as Darwin sought solace for the loss of his …
… and his baby son Bernard now part of the household, and Darwin recasting his work on dimorphic and …
… had involved much time and effort the previous year, and Darwin clearly wanted to focus his …
… When Smith, Elder and Company proposed reissuing two of Darwin’s three volumes of the geology of …
… single-volume edition titled Geological observations , Darwin resisted making any revisions at …
… volume, Coral reefs , already in its second edition. Darwin was nevertheless ‘firmly resolved not …
… meticulous correction of errors in the German editions made Darwin less anxious about correcting the …
… to Carus. ( Letter to J. V. Carus, 24 April 1876. ) Darwin focused instead on the second …
… concentrated on the ‘means of crossing’, was seen by Darwin as the companion to Cross and self …
… return to old work than part of the future work outlined by Darwin in his ‘little Autobiography’ ( …
… holiday after finishing Cross and self fertilisation , Darwin took up the suggestion made by a …
… for his family only. Writing for an hour every afternoon, Darwin finished his account on 3 August …
… dimittis.”’ (‘Recollections’, pp. 418–19). Darwin remained firm in his resolution to …
… ever return to the consideration of man.’ In particular, Darwin seemed eager to avoid issues that …
… wrote with the good news that he could restore Darwin to a religious life. This transformation would …
… that used to be called transmigration, Nemo pointed out to Darwin, adding, ‘the term nowadays is …
… enemies... Views such as these were easy enough for Darwin to dismiss, but it was more …
… St George Jackson Mivart in his Lessons from nature that Darwin had ‘at first studiously …
… unjust, but it was also the latest attack by the one man who Darwin felt had treated him ‘basely’ …

Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms

Summary

‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…

Matches: 20 hits

… heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old …
… to adapt to varying conditions. The implications of Darwin’s work for the boundary between animals …
… studies of animal instincts by George John Romanes drew upon Darwin’s early observations of infants, …
… of evolution and creation. Many letters flowed between Darwin and his children, as he took delight …
… Financial support for science was a recurring issue, as Darwin tried to secure a Civil List pension …
… with Samuel Butler, prompted by the publication of Erasmus Darwin the previous year. …
… Charles Harrison Tindal, sent a cache of letters from two of Darwin’s grandfather’s clerical friends …
… divines to see a pig’s body opened is very amusing’, Darwin replied, ‘& that about my …
… registry offices, and produced a twenty-page history of the Darwin family reaching back to the …
… the world’ ( letter from J. L. Chester, 3 March 1880 ). Darwin’s sons George and Leonard also …
… and conciliate a few whose ancestors had not featured in Darwin’s Life . ‘In an endeavour to …
… think I must pay a round of visits.’ One cousin, Reginald Darwin, warmed to George: ‘he had been …
… an ordinary mortal who could laugh’ ( letter from W. E. Darwin to Charles and Emma Darwin, 22 July …
… whose essay on Erasmus’s scientific work complemented Darwin’s biographical piece. Krause’s essay …
… Kosmos in February 1879, an issue produced in honour of Darwin’s birthday. Krause enlarged and …
… superficial and inaccurate piece of work’, although Darwin advised him not to ‘expend much powder …
… in the last sentence. When Butler read Erasmus Darwin , he noted the reference to his work, and …
… the position I have taken as regards D r Erasmus Darwin in my book Evolution old & New, and …
… 3 January 1880 ). At the top of Butler’s letter, Emma Darwin wrote: ‘it means war we think’. …
… a grievance to hang an article upon’ ( letter from W. E. Darwin, [28 January 1880] ). …

Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year

Summary

The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…

Matches: 25 hits

… 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working …
… dispute over an anonymous review that attacked the work of Darwin’s son George dominated the second …
… and traveller Alexander von Humboldt’s 105th birthday, Darwin obliged with a reflection on his debt …
… ). The death of a Cambridge friend, Albert Way, caused Darwin’s cousin, William Darwin Fox, to …
… from W. D. Fox, 8 May [1874] ). Such reminiscences led Darwin to the self-assessment, ‘as for one …
… I feel very old & helpless The year started for Darwin with a week’s visit to …
… Andrew Clark, whom he had been consulting since August 1873. Darwin had originally thought that …
… ( letter to B. J. Sulivan, 6 January [1874] ). Darwin mentioned his poor health so frequently in …
… 1874 ). Séances, psychics, and sceptics Darwin excused himself for reasons of …
… by George Henry Lewes and Marian Evans (George Eliot), but Darwin excused himself, finding it too …
… the month, another Williams séance was held at the home of Darwin’s cousin Hensleigh Wedgwood. Those …
… imposter’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 27 January 1874 ). Darwin agreed that it was ‘all imposture’ …
… stop word getting to America of the ‘strange news’ that Darwin had allowed ‘a spirit séance’ at his …
… the first three months of the year and, like many of Darwin’s enterprises in the 1870s, were family …
… 21, letter to Smith, Elder & Co., 17 December [1873] ). Darwin himself had some trouble in …
… and letter to Charles Lyell, [13 January 1874] ). Darwin blamed his illness for the …
… . In his preface ( Coral reefs 2d ed., pp. v–vii), Darwin reasserted the priority of his work. …
… for the absence of coral-reefs in certain locations. Darwin countered with the facts that low …
… whole coastline of a large island. Dana also thought that Darwin had seen fringing reefs as proof of …
… presentation copy, Dana sent an apology for misinterpreting Darwin on this point ( letter from J. D …
… Alongside his revision of Coral reefs, Darwin went to work on a new edition of Descent . In …
… George Cupples, a Scottish deerhound expert who forwarded Darwin’s queries about the numbers of …
… had raged between himself and Richard Owen since the 1860s. Darwin had omitted this controversial …
… elements of geology , and with the cheaper sixth edition of Darwin’s own Origin . (The first …
… Murray’s partner, Robert Francis Cooke, informed Darwin that the lower price would bring the profits …

Evolution: Selected Letters of Charles Darwin 1860-1870

Summary

This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific colleagues around the world; letters by the critics who tried to stamp out his ideas, and by admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of…

Matches: 14 hits

… This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific …
… admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of Darwin’s life in 1860, in the immediate …
… of publication of Descent of Man in 1871. In this period Darwin became a public figure, and the …
… increased accordingly. Letters conveyed public reaction to Darwin, as people who were often complete …
… worked up, or their religious doubts and concerns for Darwin’s own soul. Darwin himself used letters …
… world a questionnaire on the expression of the emotions. Darwin also continued to confide in his …
… yet been pointed out to me. No doubt many will be. Darwin to Huxley, 1860. …
… have been miserably uncomfortable. Emma to Charles Darwin, 1861. I am …
… gravitating towards your doctrines … Huxley to Darwin, 1862. I cannot bear …
… what you think about the derivation of Species … Darwin to Charles Lyell, 1863. …
… fairly settled & succeeding in India. John Scott to Darwin, 1864. I …
… was quite out of balance once during our voyage … Darwin to Hooker (on hearing of Robert …
… that the necks of your horses are badly galled … Darwin to a local landowner, 1866. …
… should be still very far off. Mary Boole to Darwin, 1866. Never, for God’s …

Darwin in letters, 1875: Pulling strings

Summary

‘I am getting sick of insectivorous plants’, Darwin confessed in January 1875. He had worked on the subject intermittently since 1859, and had been steadily engaged on a book manuscript for nine months; January also saw the conclusion of a bitter dispute…

Matches: 25 hits

… Editions Plants always held an important place in Darwin’s theorising about species, and …
… his periods of severe illness. Yet on 15 January 1875 , Darwin confessed to his close friend …
… way to continuous writing and revision, activities that Darwin found less gratifying: ‘I am slaving …
… bad.’ The process was compounded by the fact that Darwin was also revising another manuscript …
… coloured stamens.’ At intervals during the year, Darwin was diverted from the onerous task of …
… zoologist St George Jackson Mivart. In April and early May, Darwin was occupied with a heated …
… chapter of the controversy involved a slanderous attack upon Darwin’s son George, in an anonymous …
… on 12 January , breaking off all future communication. Darwin had been supported during the affair …
… Society of London, and a secretary of the Linnean Society, Darwin’s friends had to find ways of …
… pp. 16–17). ‘How grandly you have defended me’, Darwin wrote on 6 January , ‘You have also …
… in public. ‘Without cutting him direct’, he advised Darwin on 7 January , ‘I should avoid him, …
… & again’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 16 January 1875 ). Darwin had also considered taking up …
… , ‘I feel now like a pure forgiving Christian!’ Darwin’s ire was not fully spent, however, …
… in the same Quarterly article that attacked George. Darwin raised the matter at the end of the …
… to rest, another controversy was brewing. In December 1874, Darwin had been asked to sign a memorial …
… Hensleigh and Frances Wedgwood. She had corresponded with Darwin about the evolution of the moral …
… could not sign the paper sent me by Miss Cobbe.’ Darwin found Cobbe’s memorial inflammatory …
… memorial had been read in the House of Lords (see ' Darwin and vivisection '). …
… medical educators, and other interested parties. Darwin was summoned to testify on 3 November. It …
… ( Report of the Royal Commission on vivisection , p. 183). Darwin learned of Klein’s testimony …
… agree to any law, which should send him to the treadmill.’ Darwin had become acquainted with Klein …
… am astounded & disgusted at what you say about Klein,’ Darwin replied to Huxley on 1 November …
… the man.’ Poisons, plants, and print-runs Darwin’s keen interest in the progress of …
… leading physiologists. Indeed, some of the experiments that Darwin performed on plants, such as the …
… Vallisneria (tape grass). Fayrer had previously supplied Darwin with a quantity of the dried …

Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest

Summary

The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of Origin. Darwin got the fourth…

Matches: 22 hits

… The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now …
… and also a meeting with Herbert Spencer, who was visiting Darwin’s neighbour, Sir John Lubbock. In …
… all but the concluding chapter of the work was submitted by Darwin to his publisher in December. …
… hypothesis of hereditary transmission. Debate about Darwin’s theory of transmutation …
… alleged evidence of a global ice age, while Asa Gray pressed Darwin’s American publisher for a …
… for the Advancement of Science. Fuller consideration of Darwin’s work was given by Hooker in an …
… frustrations were punctuated by family bereavement. Two of Darwin’s sisters died, Emily Catherine …
… from painful illness. Diet and exercise Among Darwin’s first letters in the new year …
… every day’ ( letter to H. B. Jones, 3 January [1866] ). Darwin had first consulted Jones in July …
… ( letter from H. B. Jones, 10 February [1866] ). Darwin began riding the cob, Tommy, on 4 …
… day which I enjoy much.’ The new exercise regime led to Darwin’s being teased by his neighbour, John …
… John Lubbock, 4 August 1866 ). More predictably, however, Darwin immediately converted his renewed …
… Since the publication of Origin in November 1859, Darwin had continued gathering and organising …
… by natural selection was based. The work relied heavily on Darwin’s extensive correspondence over …
… and poultry expert William Bernhard Tegetmeier. In January, Darwin wrote to Tegetmeier that he was …
… ( letter to W. B. Tegetmeier, 16 January [1866] ). Darwin found the evidence of variation in …
… varieties from Columbia livia , the rock pigeon. Darwin on heredity: the 'provisional …
… chapter headed ‘Provisional hypothesis of pangenesis’, Darwin proposed that the various phenomena of …
… example, the reproductive organs, or the tissues of a bud. Darwin had submitted a preliminary sketch …
… & brimful of my dear little mysterious gemmules.’ Darwin collected information on …
… Thomas Rivers, and the German botanist Robert Caspary. Darwin was particularly interested in recent …
… the scion apparently produced buds with blended characters; Darwin had tried to propagate the …

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Darwin Correspondence Project

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