From Francis Darwin to Alphonse de Candolle 24 January [1881]
Summary
FD and CD have been interested in AdeC’s diagram for illustrating inheritance. The difficulty of estimating different qualities in oneself and others is very great. Encloses a diagram illustrating how FD compares himself with his parents. CD has filled in a comparison with his father. It shows he resembles his father more than FD resembles CD. [The qualities compared are: stature, hair, eyes, pulse, musical capacity, ability to draw, tendency toward biological sciences, tendency toward mathematical sciences, perseverence, memory, aptitude for foreign languages.]
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Alphonse de Candolle |
| Date: | 24 Jan [1881] |
| Classmark: | Archives de la famille de Candolle (private collection) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13642 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … From Francis Darwin to Alphonse de Candolle 24 January [1881] …
- … Candolle (private collection) Francis Darwin unstated 24 Jan [1881] Alphonse de Candolle …
- … letter to Alphonse de Candolle, 24 January 1881 . Francis wrote ‘1882’ in error. Candolle …
- … generations with his letter of 18 January [1881] ; the table was evidently returned to …
From Francis Darwin to Ernst Krause [after 10 February 1881]
Summary
CD thanks him for his congratulations and for details of letters, which he will keep with the Butlerian documents.
FD is happy for his lecture to be republished in Kosmos.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Ernst Ludwig (Ernst) Krause |
| Date: | [after 10 Feb 1881] |
| Classmark: | The Huntington Library (HM 36219) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13048F |
Matches: 5 hits
- … From Francis Darwin to Ernst Krause [after 10 February 1881] …
- … Library (HM 36219) Francis Darwin Down [after 10 Feb 1881] Ernst Ludwig (Ernst) Krause …
- … relationship between this letter and the letter from Ernst Krause, 10 February 1881 . See …
- … letter from Ernst Krause, 10 February 1881 . Krause had sent details of the letters in …
- … of the letter from Ernst Krause, 10 February 1881 , Krause had written a note to Francis ( …
From Francis Darwin 14 May 1881
Summary
News from the laboratory at Strasbourg; is working on Equisetum roots. Wortmann has found circumnutation in the mycelium of a fast-growing fungus. Please send papers (see 13155).
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 14 May 1881 |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 70 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13155F |
Matches: 8 hits
- … From Francis Darwin 14 May 1881 …
- … DAR 274.1: 70 Francis Darwin 14 May 1881 Charles Robert Darwin …
- … Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 18 (1881): 406–19. Darwin, Francis. 1881b. …
- … Organe. Botanische Zeitung , 29 July 1881, pp. 473–80. Earthworms : The formation of …
- … Earthworms , which was published on 10 October 1881 ( Freeman 1977 ). The postcard has not …
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1881. Freeman, Richard Broke. 1977. The works of …
- … See postcard to Francis Darwin, 12 May [1881] and n. 1; the paper was F. Darwin 1880b . …
- … to Jena as full professor of botany in 1881. ( NDB . ) A horse named Dandy is mentioned in …
From Francis Darwin 19 [May 1881]
Summary
Is sorry to have involved himself in a priority dispute between Wortmann and Elfving. Intends to publish on circumnutation; will CD send him his notes? Apologises for taking CD’s protractor, will send it back. Has met Oscar Schmidt.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 19 [May 1881] |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 72 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13166F |
Matches: 24 hits
- … From Francis Darwin 19 [May 1881] …
- … DAR 274.1: 72 Francis Darwin Strasbourg 19 [May 1881] Charles Robert Darwin …
- … bei einem einzelligen Organe. Botanische Zeitung , 29 July 1881, pp. 473–80. …
- … Elfving, Fredrik. 1881. En obeaktad känslighet …
- … hos Phycomyces. Botaniska Notiser (1881): 105–7. …
- … Goltz, Friedrich Leopold. 1881. Discussion on the localization of function in the cortex …
- … session, held in London, August 2d to 9th, 1881 . Prepared under the direction of William …
- … between this letter and the letter to Francis Darwin, 16 and 17 May 1881 . See letter …
- … to Francis Darwin, 16 and 17 May 1881 . No correspondence between Francis and Elizabeth …
- … see letter from Francis Darwin, 14 May 1881 and n. 7). Francis had met Fredrik Elfving in …
- … Oskar Schmidt in his letter of 14 May 1881 . Kneipe : pub, bar (German). Bernard Darwin …
- … see letter to Francis Darwin, 16 and 17 May 1881 and n. 11). Francis was sending paper …
- … Philadelphia: Pen & Sword Military. Wortmann, Julius. 1881. Ein Beitrag zur Biologie der …
- … Mucorineen. Botanische Zeitung , 10 June 1881, pp. …
- … 368–74, 17 June 1881, pp. 383–7. …
- … hos Phycomyces’ (An unobserved sensitivity in Phycomyces; Elfving 1881 ) appeared …
- … in September 1881. Wortmann’s paper, ‘Ein Beitrag zur …
- … contribution on the biology of Mucorales; Wortmann 1881 ) appeared in parts in Botanische …
- … Zeitung , 10 and 17 June 1881. In the first section, he described experiments with …
- … appeared in Botanische Zeitung , 29 July 1881; it included three diagrams tracing the …
- … sporangium. In his letter of 16 and 17 May 1881 , CD had mentioned being unable to find …
- … stolonifer as sensitive to touch ( Wortmann 1881 , pp. 385–6). Julius Sachs had supervised …
- … Medical Congress, held in London from 2 to 9 August 1881. Goltz’s paper ‘Discussion …
- … of function in the cortex cerebri’ ( Goltz 1881 ) was published in the transactions of the …
From Francis Darwin 23 [May 1881]
Summary
Would like some of his notes. Has been looking at roots of Linum, cucurbits, larch, and orchids. Is content that mother should teach Bernard whatever religion she likes.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 23 [May 1881] |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 66 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13170F |
Matches: 11 hits
- … Darwin, 22– 3 May 1881 ). …
- … From Francis Darwin 23 [May 1881] …
- … DAR 274.1: 66 Francis Darwin Strasbourg 23 [May 1881] Charles Robert Darwin …
- … by the relationship between this letter and the letter to Francis Darwin, 20 May 1881 . …
- … The Monday following 20 May 1881 was 23 May. …
- … See letter to Francis Darwin, 20 May 1881 ; CD and Francis had begun correcting proof- …
- … Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 18 (1881): 420–55. Earthworms : The formation of …
- … see letter from F. A. Tscherning, 6 May 1881 and nn. 1 and 3). The proof-sheets were for …
- … was published in the Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ), June 1881. The sheets …
- … had arrived at Down on 22 May 1881 (see letter to Francis …
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1881. Keynes, Randal. 2001. Annie’s box. Charles …
From Francis Darwin [before 4 June 1881]
Summary
Encloses letter from Elfving (not found). Should he publish on false circumnutation?
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [before 4 June 1881] |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 75 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13192F |
Matches: 16 hits
- … From Francis Darwin [before 4 June 1881] …
- … DAR 274.1: 75 Francis Darwin Strasbourg [before 4 June 1881] Charles Robert Darwin …
- … 1881b ) appeared in Botanische Zeitung , 29 July 1881, and contained three diagrams (see …
- … letter from Francis Darwin, 19 [May 1881] and n. 4). Francis did discuss the false …
- … Bibliography Behrens, Wilhelm. 1881. [Review of Alpenblumen by Hermann Müller. ] Kosmos …
- … relationship between this letter and the letters to Francis Darwin of 30 May [1881] and …
- … 4 [June 1881] . See …
- … letter to Francis Darwin, 30 May [1881] ; the letter from Francis’s son, Bernard Darwin , …
- … einzelligen Organe. Botanische Zeitung , 29 July 1881, pp. 473–80. Müller, Hermann. 1881a. …
- … response in the fungus (see also letter from Francis Darwin, 19 [May 1881] and n. 3). …
- … See letter to Francis Darwin, 30 May [1881] and n. 4. Eosine and fuchsine were colouring …
- … appeared (see letter to Francis Darwin, 16 and 17 May 1881 and nn. 6 and 7). Francis …
- … temperaments in his letter of 14 May 1881 . He had earlier told CD about other researchers …
- … 1880 ). A positive review of the book by Wilhelm Behrens appeared in Kosmos , March 1881 ( …
- … Behrens 1881 ). Francis had …
- … reviewed the book in Nature , 10 February 1881, pp. 333–5. William Benjamin Carpenter was …
From Francis Darwin 17 June 1881
Summary
Glad CD approves of diaheliotropic paper. Reports on experiments with Carex and Yucca. Discusses translation of ‘Växtbook’ from Swedish. Heard some excellent music the previous night.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 17 June 1881 |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 73 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13208F |
Matches: 19 hits
- … From Francis Darwin 17 June 1881 …
- … DAR 274.1: 73 Francis Darwin Strassburg 17 June 1881 Charles Robert Darwin …
- … not been found. Robert Stawell Ball ; see letter to G. H. Darwin, 8 June [1881] and n. 2. …
- … The history of salt ( Boddy 1881 ) was anonymously reviewed …
- … in Nature , 9 June 1881, pp. 123–4. The reviewer supposed that the book was written as ‘an …
- … Bibliography Boddy, Evan Marlett. 1881. The history of salt; with observations on its …
- … schen Buchhandlung. Hensen, Victor. 1881. Physiologie der Zeugung . Part II: Physiologie …
- … Ludimar Hermann. Leipzig: Vogel. Hult, Ragnar. 1881. Försök till analytisk behandling af …
- … has not been found; CD’s letter of [16 June 1881] must have crossed in the mail with this …
- … Read 16 December 1880. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 18 (1881): 420–55. …
- … Engler, Adolf. 1881. [Review of Die Physiologie der …
- … Zeugung . ] Botanische Zeitung , 17 June 1881, pp. 387–8. Hahn, Otto. 1880. Die …
- … 17, 24–6). See letter to Francis Darwin, [16 June 1881] and n. 6; the work was ‘Försök bis …
- … approach to plant formations; Hult 1881 ). The German ‘Gewächs’ and Swedish ‘växt’ are …
- … s recent work, Physiologie der Zeugung (Physiology of reproduction; Hensen 1881 ). See …
- … letter to Francis Darwin, 27 May 1881 . It was Adolf …
- … Engler , rather than Eduard Strasburger , who reviewed Hensen 1881 in Botanische …
- … Zeitung , 17 June 1881 ( …
- … Engler 1881 ). Otto Hahn had sent CD a copy of his work Die Meteorite (Chondrite) und ihre …
From Francis Darwin [after 17 June 1881]
Summary
Passes on an account from Cohen of preparations by Hahn of fossil coral-like structures.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [after 17 June 1881] |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 74 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13208G |
Matches: 4 hits
- … From Francis Darwin [after 17 June 1881] …
- … DAR 274.1: 74 Francis Darwin [after 17 June 1881] Charles Robert Darwin …
- … by the relationship between this letter and the letter from Francis Darwin, 17 June 1881 . …
- … In his letter of 17 June 1881 , Francis mentioned that he was going to attend that evening …
From Francis Darwin [19 June 1881]
Summary
Discusses observations on circumnutation by FD, Kraus, Wortmann.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [19 June 1881] |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 76 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13220F |
Matches: 18 hits
- … From Francis Darwin [19 June 1881] …
- … DAR 274.1: 76 Francis Darwin Strassburg [19 June 1881] Charles Robert Darwin …
- … church (see letter to Francis Darwin, 30 May [1881] and n. 6). Uhlans were light cavalry …
- … Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 18 (1881): 406–19. Darwin, Francis. 1881b. …
- … bei einem einzelligen Organe. Botanische Zeitung , 29 July 1881, pp. 473–80. …
- … Goebel, Karl. 1881. [Review of] Ueber die Wasservertheilung in der Pflanze. II. …
- … to the review, published on 17 June 1881, of Gregor Kraus ’s work on water in plant …
- … cells (see n. 2, below). In 1881, the Sunday following 17 June was 19 June. Karl Goebel ’s …
- … sap and its contents; Kraus 1880 ) was published in Botanische Zeitung , 17 June 1881 ( …
- … Goebel 1881 ). In the conclusion to his paper ‘ Ueber Circumnutation bei einem einzelligen …
- … seine Inhalte. Botanische Zeitung , 17 June 1881, pp. 389–91. Kraus, Gregor. 1880. Ueber …
- … Botanische Zeitung , 27 August 1880, pp. 593–605; 3 September 1881, pp. 609–18. …
- … Wortmann, Julius. 1881. Ein Beitrag zur Biologie der …
- … Mucorineen. Botanische Zeitung , 10 June 1881, pp. …
- … 368–74, 17 June 1881, pp. 383–7. …
- … organs when bending (summarised in Goebel 1881 , p. 392). According to Francis, Julius …
- … in the mycelium of a fungus (see letter from Francis Darwin, 14 May 1881 and n. 7). In his …
- … to the biology of Mucorales; Wortmann 1881 , p. 386), Wortmann described nutation of the …
From Francis Darwin 16 July 1881
Summary
Reports de Bary’s opinion of Max Cornu. Accounts of various botanical experiments and observations.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 16 July 1881 |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 71 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13245F |
Matches: 11 hits
- … From Francis Darwin 16 July 1881 …
- … DAR 274.1: 71 Francis Darwin Strassburg 16 July 1881 Charles Robert Darwin …
- … Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. Pfeffer, Wilhelm. 1881. Pflanzenphysiologie. Ein Handbuch des …
- … Wilhelm Engelmann. Wilson, William Powell. 1881. The cause of the excretion of water on …
- … of nectaries. Untersuchungen aus dem botanischen Institut zu Tübingen 1 (1881–5): 1–22. …
- … Cornu : see letter to Francis Darwin, 8 July 1881 . Francis was working with Anton de Bary …
- … returned from Germany on 1 August 1881 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). Presumably CD had …
- … physiologie (Plant physiology; Pfeffer 1881 ). See also Pfeffer 1877 . Francis’s report on …
- … the excretion of water on the surface of nectaries’ ( W. P. Wilson 1881 ) was published in …
- … Botanische Zeitung , 26 August 1881, pp. 545–6. Pfeffer’s journal was, in fact, called …
- … in the Gardeners’ Chronicle , 9 July 1881, p. 42. It described the observations of George …
From Francis Darwin [25 July 1881]
Summary
Reports on a visit to Hermann Vöchting and discussion of Julius Sachs.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [25 July 1881] |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 67 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13252F |
Matches: 12 hits
- … as being the result of osmosis rather than internal pressure ( W. P. Wilson 1881 , p. 5). …
- … From Francis Darwin [25 July 1881] …
- … DAR 274.1: 67 Francis Darwin Strassburg [25 July 1881] Charles Robert Darwin …
- … been found. For the notice, see the letter from Francis Darwin, 16 July 1881 and n. 4. The …
- … paper was W. P. Wilson 1881 . CD evidently speculated on the function of nectar secretion, …
- … of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 18 (1881): 420–55. Darwin, Francis. 1880c. The theory of …
- … of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 18 (1881): 406–19. Darwin, Francis. 1901. The movements …
- … 27 August 1880, pp. 593–605; 3 September 1881, pp. 609–18. Vöchting, Hermann. 1882. Die …
- … Sohn (Fr. Cohen). Wilson, William Powell. 1881. The cause of the excretion of water on the …
- … of nectaries. Untersuchungen aus dem botanischen Institut zu Tübingen 1 (1881–5): 1–22. …
- … Anton de Bary ’s laboratory in Straßburg in 1881, arriving home on 1 August ( Emma Darwin’ …
- … s diary (DAR 242)). In 1881, the Monday before 27 July was 25 July. Hermann Vöchting . …
From Francis Darwin [21 October 1881]
Summary
Commiserates on news of Wiesner and experiment on transmission of heliotropism. Asks whether he should review book for Nature.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [21 Oct 1881] |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 69 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13474F |
Matches: 10 hits
- … From Francis Darwin [21 October 1881] …
- … DAR 274.1: 69 Francis Darwin [21 Oct 1881] Charles Robert Darwin …
- … See letter to Francis Darwin, 17 October 1881 . Pinguicula is the genus of butterwort. …
- … John Murray. 1880. Wiesner, Julius. 1881. Das Bewegungsvermögen der Pflanzen. Eine …
- … relationship between this letter and the letters to Francis Darwin , 17 October 1881 and …
- … 22 [October 1881] . …
- … In 1881, the Friday before 22 October was 21 October. …
- … See letter to Francis Darwin, 17 October 1881 and n. 5. …
- … was reading Julius Wiesner ’s book ( Wiesner 1881 ), which challenged CD’s explanation of …
- … did not write a typical review of Wiesner 1881 , but rather a detailed reply to specific …
From Francis Darwin [after 14 November 1881]
Summary
Thanks for two letters from Pfeffer. Will return translation of Pfeffer and send a letter from Elfring. Looking forward to working on "antiWiesner" experiments. Will return on 26th or 27th.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [after 14 Nov 1881] |
| Classmark: | DAR 274.1: 68 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13485F |
Matches: 17 hits
- … From Francis Darwin [after 14 November 1881] …
- … DAR 274.1: 68 Francis Darwin [after 14 Nov 1881] Charles Robert Darwin …
- … family in early October (see letter to Francis Darwin, 17 October 1881 and nn. 1 and 14). …
- … Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 18 (1881): 420–55. Darwin, Francis. 1881b. …
- … bei einem einzelligen Organe. Botanische Zeitung , 29 July 1881, pp. 473–80. …
- … Wiesner, Julius. 1881. Das Bewegungsvermögen der Pflanzen. Eine kritische Studie über das …
- … between this letter and the letter to Francis Darwin, 14 November [1881] . CD had …
- … sent the letters from Wilhelm Pfeffer , 24 October 1881 and …
- … 6 November 1881 . Pfeffer had criticised …
- … Julius Wiesner ’s recent work on plant movement ( Wiesner 1881 ; see letter from …
- … Wilhelm Pfeffer, 6 November 1881 and nn. 3 and 4). Francis had met Fredrik …
- … letter from Francis Darwin, 19 [May 1881] and n. 3). Ein Esel : a donkey or, figuratively, …
- … letter from Wilhelm Pfeffer, 6 November 1881 , translated by Camilla Pattrick (see letter …
- … to Camilla Pattrick, [after 6 November 1881] ). The letter from Elfving to Francis has not …
- … see letter to Francis Darwin, 28 [October 1881] ). Botanischer Jahresbericht was a review …
- … of F. Darwin 1880a and F. Darwin 1881b appeared in the 1881 volume of the journal ( …
- … see Botanischer Jahresbericht 9 (1881): 14–15, 24– 5). Williams & Norgate was a London …
From Francis Darwin to George King [after 21 November 1881]
Summary
CD asks him to say that the beautiful specimens of Dischidia arrived safely.
| Author: | Francis Darwin |
| Addressee: | George King |
| Date: | [after 21 Nov 1881] |
| Classmark: | DAR 185: 113b |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13501F |
Matches: 6 hits
- … From Francis Darwin to George King [after 21 November 1881] …
- … DAR 185: 113b Francis Darwin [after 21 Nov 1881] Down George King …
- … of worms: with observations on their habits. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1881. …
- … and the letter from George King, 21 November 1881 . King had sent a specimen of Dischidia …
- … Garden, Calcutta (Kolkata) (see letter from George King, 13 September 1881 ). Earthworms . …
- … See letter from George King, 21 November 1881 . …
| letter | (14) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (11) |
| Candolle, Alphonse de | (1) |
| King, George | (1) |
| Krause, Ernst | (1) |
| Darwin, Francis | (14) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (11) |
| Candolle, Alphonse de | (1) |
| King, George | (1) |
| Krause, Ernst | (1) |
Darwin in letters, 1881: Old friends and new admirers
Summary
In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began writing about all the eminent men he had met. He embarked on this task, which formed an addition to his autobiography, because he had nothing else to do. He had…
Matches: 28 hits
- … In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, …
- … was another source of pleasure in the early months of 1881. This book had been a major undertaking …
- … making 2000’ ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 4 January 1881 ). Unlike Darwin’s other books, …
- … case is to me’ (letters to W. E. Darwin, 31 January [1881] and 19 February [1881] ). On 7 …
- … individual experience ( letter from G. J. Romanes, 7 March 1881 ). The difficulty with earthworms …
- … were trustworthy ( letter to Francis Galton, 8 March [1881] ). Although results from earlier …
- … ‘a game of chance’ ( letter to R. F. Cooke, 12 April 1881 ). On 18 May he described his work on …
- … annuals ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 21 March [1881] ). Darwin thought flowers of the semi- …
- … sulky in a day or two’ ( letter to R. F. Cooke, 29 July 1881 ). The degree of Darwin’s distress …
- … period of the season’ ( letter from R. F. Cooke, 30 July 1881 ). Darwin gave in. ‘I am now uneasy …
- … teacher told him ( letter from C. E. Södling, 14 October 1881 ), while H. M. Wallis, who sent …
- … general stock of knowledge’ ( letter to E. W. Bok, 10 May 1881 ). Josef Popper, an expert on …
- … any criticism’ ( letter to C. G. Semper, 19 July 1881 ). He continued his friendly disagreement …
- … of the Fuegians’ ( letter to W. P. Snow, 22 November 1881 ). Darwin received news about the …
- … on the shoulder (l etter from B. J. Sulivan, 18 March 1881 ). Among numerous new …
- … ( letter from Francisco de Arruda Furtado, 29 July 1881 ). Likewise, among the many books …
- … excellent Journal’ ( letter to G. J. Romanes, 4 July [1881] ). In these ways, Darwin kept up with …
- … conscious of it’ ( letter to Alexander Agassiz, 5 May 1881 ). His scientific friends, however, did …
- … on all our minds’ ( letter to John Lubbock, [18 September 1881] ). When Hooker, anxious about his …
- … much out’ of his mind ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 20 June [1881] ). Feeling ‘awfully guilty’ for …
- … & many a good fight’ (letters to J. D. Hooker, 6 August 1881 and 12 August 1881 ). …
- … on all physiologists’ ( letter to G. J. Romanes, 18 April 1881 ). A letter he had written to the …
- … & tear of controversy’ ( letter to G. R. Jesse, 23 April 1881 ). Later in the year, Darwin …
- … judgment on the subject ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 12 July 1881 ). However, some requests were …
- … intelligent man’ ( letter from G. J. Romanes, 1 July [1881] ). Despite this, Darwin thanked ‘all …
- … ‘go to the wall’ ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 19 November [1881] ). Darwin was as solicitous about …
- … no pretensions’ (l etter from W. E. Darwin, 13 January [1881 ]), Darwin immediately prepared a …
- … have occurred to him’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 29 January 1881 ). While Francis was …
Volume 29 (1881) is published!
Summary
In October 1881, Darwin published his last book, The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with observations on their habits. A slim volume on a subject that many people could understand and on which they had their own opinions, it went…
Matches: 8 hits
- … From the start of 1881, Darwin had his demise on his mind. He increasingly relied on his son …
- … now available. Read more about Darwin's life in 1881 in our Life in letters series …
- … received. Letter t o Francis Darwin, 9 November [1881] In October 1881, Darwin …
- … Letter to A. B. Buckley, 4 January 1881 In January, Darwin heard that …
- … do. Letter to J. D. Hooker, 15 June 1881 The Darwins spent June in the …
- … Letter to W. E. Darwin, 4 August [1881] In early August, Darwin …
- … Letter to T. H. Farrer, 28 August 1881 Darwin’s elder brother, …
- … Letter t o B. J. Sulivan, 1 December 1881 …
Intellectual capacities: From Caroline Kennard, 26 December 1881
Summary
We might assume that among female admirers of Darwin’s work, many would have been disappointed by his views on the comparative intellectual capacities of the sexes expressed in The Descent of Man (1872). This was certainly true of the American feminist…
Terms of engagement: To Julius Wiesner, 25 October 1881
Summary
Thomas Huxley’s pugnacious public defence of evolution led to his nickname ‘Darwin’s bulldog’ and to a view of Darwin as an evader of controversy. Darwin firmly believed that controversy rarely did any good, but this did not mean that he avoided challenges…
Matches: 1 hits
- … however, was tempered. Writing to Wiesner on 25 October 1881 , Darwin stated ‘I have no doubt …
Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small
Summary
In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…
Matches: 11 hits
- … in Down, where his brother Erasmus had been interred in 1881. But some of his scientific friends …
- … vol. 29, letter from Arthur de Souza Corrêa, 28 December 1881 ). Darwin had a long-running …
- … last book, Earthworms , had been published in October 1881. It proved to be very popular, with …
- … vol. 29, letter from J. F. Simpson, 8 November 1881 ). He remarked on the ‘far reaching …
- … Correspondence vol. 29, letter to Emily Talbot, 19 July 1881 ) was also published in the …
- … American, Caroline Kennard, had written on 26 December 1881 (see Correspondence vol. 29) to …
- … on the topic of science and art. He had sat for Collier in 1881 for a portrait commissioned by the …
- … letter from John Collier, 22 February 1882 ; T. H. Huxley 1881, pp. 199–245). Huxley used …
- … discoverer of tidal evolution’ ( Nature , 24 November 1881, p. 81). Darwin boasted to Rich: …
- … the birth of his first child (Erasmus Darwin) on 7 December 1881. Finally, Darwin had a second …
- … by Lyell’s sister-in-law Katherine (see K. M. Lyell ed. 1881, 2: 445–6). A complete draft and …
Alexander Burns Usborne
Summary
Alexander Burns Usborne was born in Kendal, Westmorland, in 1808, the son of Alexander and Margaret Usborne; his father died in 1818 and in his will was described as the purser on HMS Hannibal. His son joined the navy in 1825 aged 16 as a second-class…
1.18 John Collier, oil in Linnean
Summary
< Back to Introduction By 1881 it was clear to Darwin’s intimates that he was increasingly frail, and that, as he approached death, he had finally escaped from religious controversy to become a heroic figure, loved and venerated for his achievements…
Matches: 7 hits
- … < Back to Introduction By 1881 it was clear to Darwin’s intimates that he was …
- … Society in 1858. Moreover, the Society was now, in May 1881, dominated by Darwinians. Its President …
- … work and any other subject that cropped up.’ On 7 August 1881 Darwin was able to report to Romanes …
- … of image John Collier date of creation 1881 computer-readable date …
- … archive, manuscript letter LL/8, Darwin to Romanes, 27 May 1881. Correspondence between Darwin and …
- … Letter from Darwin to his son George, 23 July 1881, telling him the picture was finished (DCP-LETT …
- … pp. 118–121, correspondence between Romanes and Darwin in 1881 (DCP-LETT-13173, 13229, 13282). …
Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms
Summary
‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…
Matches: 3 hits
- … from scientific debate. The matter spilled over into January 1881. With Henrietta’s aid, the advice …
- … bags ( letter from G. J. Romanes, [6, 13, or 20] March 1881 ). Romanes was at work on a lengthy …
- … memorial was eventually submitted to Gladstone in January 1881 and was successful. For a copy of the …
Casting about: Darwin on worms
Summary
Earthworms were the subject of a citizen science project to map the distribution of earthworms across Britain (BBC Today programme, 26 May 2014). The general understanding of the role earthworms play in improving soils and providing nutrients for plants to…
Matches: 3 hits
Diagrams and drawings in letters
Summary
Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…
Matches: 1 hits
- … and the fertilisation of figs by Hymenoptera, 9 January 1881 CD's instructions to …
4.41 'Punch', Sambourne cartoon 2
Summary
< Back to Introduction In October 1881, Darwin was included in Linley Sambourne’s series of ‘Punch’s Fancy Portraits’ of celebrities as No. 54. While the caption recurs to the old theme of Darwin’s views on human ancestry, the drawing contains a more…
3.20 Elliott and Fry, c.1880-1, verandah
Summary
< Back to Introduction In photographs of Darwin taken c.1880-1, the expression of energetic thought conveyed by photographs of earlier years gives way to the pathos of evident physical frailty. While Collier’s oil portrait of this time emphasises…
Matches: 5 hits
- … and Letters of his father (1887), and there it was dated 1881. However, another photograph from …
- … by the National Portrait Gallery (NPG X5938) to 29 November 1881. However, Janet Browne points out …
- … of sadness at that time. In a letter to Hooker of 15 June 1881, echoed in another to B.J. Sulivan of …
- … of Elliott and Fry date of creation c.1880-1881 computer-readable date c …
- … and bibliography letters from Darwin to Hooker, 15 June 1881 (DCP-LETT-13207) and to B.J. Sulivan, …
Darwin's bad days
Summary
Despite being a prolific worker who had many successes with his scientific theorising and experimenting, even Darwin had some bad days. These times when nothing appeared to be going right are well illustrated by the following quotations from his letters:
Matches: 1 hits
- … Despite being a prolific worker who had many successes with his scientific theorising and …
Exercise: Caricatures of Science
Summary
Caricatures provide intriguing insights into both ideals and transgressions of gender. The following six images show caricatured representations of nineteenth-century men and women of science. They provide insight into the boundaries of what was deemed …
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- … align="aligncenter" width="206"] Clémence Royer (1881)[/caption] …
3.18 Elliott and Fry photos, c.1869-1871
Summary
< Back to Introduction The leading photographic firm of Elliott and Fry seems to have portrayed Darwin at Down House on several occasions. In November 1869 Darwin told A. B. Meyer, who wanted photographs of both him and Wallace for a German…
Matches: 3 hits
3.21 Herbert Rose Barraud, photos
Summary
< Back to Introduction The successful portrait photographer Herbert Rose Barraud, who had studios in London and Liverpool, photographed Darwin in the summer of 1881, in a group of four or so close-up head-and-shoulders portraits. This was probably at…
Matches: 3 hits
4.42 'Punch' Sambourne cartoon 3
Summary
< Back to Introduction Linley Sambourne’s last caricature of Darwin, ‘Man is But a Worm’, was published in Punch’s Almanac for 1882 on 6 December 1881, only four months before Darwin’s death. Like Sambourne’s ‘Punch’s Fancy Portraits. No. 54. Charles…
Matches: 4 hits
- … published in Punch’s Almanac for 1882 on 6 December 1881, only four months before Darwin’s death …
- … No. 54. Charles Robert Darwin, LL.D., F.R.S.’ of October 1881, it is an affectionate and whimsical …
- … date of creation November-December 1881 computer-readable date 1881-11-01 to 1881-12-5 …
- … Punch’s Almanac for 1882 , issued 6 December 1881 (unpaginated). Janet Browne, Charles Darwin: …
Religion
Summary
Design|Personal Belief|Beauty|The Church Perhaps the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same can be said of the evolution controversy today; however the nature of the disputes and the manner in…
Earthworms
Summary
As with many of Darwin’s research topics, his interest in worms spanned nearly his entire working life. Some of his earliest correspondence about earthworms was written and received in the 1830s, shortly after his return from his Beagle voyage, and his…
Dipsacus and Drosera: Frank’s favourite carnivores
Summary
In Autumn of 1875, Francis Darwin was busy researching aggregation in the tentacles of Drosera rotundifolia (F. Darwin 1876). This phenomenon occurs when coloured particles within either protoplasm or the fluid in the cell vacuole (the cell sap) cluster…
Matches: 1 hits
- … again, for I am sure that it is worth it.’ As late as 1881, less than a year before his death, …
