To J. D. Hooker 3 and 4 September [1881]
Summary
Praises JDH’s York address.
S. B. J. Skertchly has paralleled Axel Blytt’s work in Cambridgeshire fens.
JDH too cautious on southern glacial period.
Is Kew interested in Azores plants collected by Arruda Furtado, a local inhabitant and an evolutionist?
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 3 and 4 Sept 1881 |
| Classmark: | DAR 95: 532–5 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13316 |
Matches: 18 hits
- … To J. D. Hooker 3 and 4 September [1881] …
- … DAR 95: 532–5 Charles Robert Darwin Down 3 Sept [1881] 4 …
- … Sept [1881] Joseph Dalton Hooker …
- … of Science meeting in York between 31 August and 7 September 1881 (see letter from J. …
- … D. Hooker, 12 June 1881 ). CD appears to have received a separately paginated offprint of …
- … Advancement of Science, held at York ( Hooker 1881 ). Hooker praised Axel Blytt ’s work on …
- … Wallace 1876 ; letter to Francisco de Arruda Furtado, 2 September 1881 ). See letter …
- … from Francisco de Arruda Furtado, 17 August 1881 . See letter …
- … to Francisco de Arruda Furtado, 2 September 1881 . CD was in mourning …
- … Alvey Darwin , who had died on 26 August 1881. This letter is written on sheets of headed …
- … lawgiver’ in the science of geographical distribution ( Hooker 1881 , pp. 728 and 733). …
- … of London 3 (1838–42): 425. ] Hooker, Joseph Dalton. 1881. On geographical distribution. …
- … section E, geography. [Read 1 September 1881. ] Report of the 51st Meeting of the British …
- … of different assemblages of plants ( Hooker 1881 , pp. 734–5; Blytt 1876 ). CD had brought …
- … point (see letter to J. D. Hooker, 6 August 1881 ). The letter in which CD told Skertchly …
- … Page 11 of the separately paginated offprint corresponds to Hooker 1881 , p. 737. …
- … See letter from Francisco de Arruda Furtado, 13 June 1881 , and letter to Francisco de …
- … Arruda Furtado, 3 and 6 July 1881 . CD had sent Arruda Furtado a copy of Alfred …
To J. D. Hooker 22 October 1881
Summary
Visiting his son Horace.
Studying action of carbonate of ammonia. Finds similar looking Euphorbia root cells react differently.
Intrigued by Dischidia rafflesiana, whose pitchers manufacture manure-water that nourishes adventitious roots. Does JDH know histologist for detailed study?
Julius von Wiesner’s criticism of Movement in plants "vivisects" CD in "a most courteous but awful manner" [Das Bewegungsvermögen der Pflanzen (1881)].
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 22 Oct 1881 |
| Classmark: | DAR 95: 538–41 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13420 |
Matches: 17 hits
- … To J. D. Hooker 22 October 1881 …
- … DAR 95: 538–41 Charles Robert Darwin Cambridge 22 Oct 1881 Joseph Dalton Hooker …
- … CD in "a most courteous but awful manner" [ Das Bewegungsvermögen der Pflanzen (1881)]. …
- … 66 Hills Road | Cambridge Oct 22 d . 1881. (Home on 27 th . ) My dear Hooker We are …
- … visited Cambridge from 20 to 27 October 1881, staying with their son Horace Darwin and his …
- … had gone on a six-week holiday to the continent on 7 September 1881 (see letter from J. …
- … D. Hooker, 7 September 1881 , and letter from J. …
- … D. Hooker, [23 October 1881] ). The papaw or papaya, as it is more commonly known now, is …
- … Gray left Kew on 22 October 1881 (see letter from J. …
- … D. Hooker, [23 October 1881] ). The card has not been found. Sarracenia is the genus of …
- … Treuttel and Würtz. Wiesner, Julius. 1881. Das Bewegungsvermögen der Pflanzen. Eine …
- … dated between 31 August and November 1881, are in DAR 52: F22–98. The results of these …
- … spurge), dated from 28 July to 14 November 1881, are in DAR 62: 2–5, 36–41. Notes on E. …
- … spurge), dated from 24 to 29 December 1881, are in DAR 62: 42–3. The results of these …
- … See letter from George King, 13 September 1881 and n. 1. Nathaniel Wallich had illustrated …
- … Darwin , together with new investigations; Wiesner 1881 ). For a discussion of some of …
- … Wiesner’s criticisms, see the letter to Francis Darwin, 22 [October 1881] . Asa …
To J. D. Hooker 12 August 1881
Summary
Responds to JDH on history of plant geography.
Opinion of Humboldt.
Origin of higher phanerogams.
Importance of the occurrence of south temperate forms in the Northern Hemisphere.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 12 Aug 1881 |
| Classmark: | DAR 95: 524–7 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13288 |
Matches: 14 hits
- … To J. D. Hooker 12 August 1881 …
- … may have been flower-feeding. See also letter to J. D. Hooker, 6 August 1881 and n. 16. …
- … DAR 95: 524–7 Charles Robert Darwin Down 12 Aug 1881 Joseph Dalton Hooker …
- … Station | Orpington. S.E.R. ) Aug t 12 th 1881 My dear Hooker I can answer hardly any of …
- … See letter from J. D. Hooker, 11 August 1881 . Axel Blytt and Blytt 1876 . See …
- … letter to J. D. Hooker, 6 August 1881 and n. 17. In Origin , p. 309, CD wrote: ‘The …
- … see letter from A. R. Wallace, 1 January 1881 and nn. 1 and 2). CD had commented on …
- … vol. 28). In his letter of 11 August 1881 , Hooker remarked that insects found in coal …
- … reefs , see the letter to J. D. Hooker, 6 August 1881 and n. 6, and the letter from J. …
- … D. Hooker, 11 August 1881 and n. 4. James …
- … views on the permanence of continents in Nature , 3 March 1881, p. 410. See also letter …
- … to J. D. Hooker, 6 August 1881 and n. 6. Thomas Mellard Reade ’s arguments against the …
- … 1880 ). See letter to J. D. Hooker, 6 August 1881 and n. 9. For CD’s remarks on Alexander …
- … see the letter to J. D. Hooker, 6 August 1881 . In a paper on the flora of the Cameroon …
To J. D. Hooker 6 August 1881
Summary
Responds to JDH’s outline history of plant geography.
Considers Humboldt the "greatest scientific traveller who ever lived".
Discusses the origin and rapid radiation of angiosperms in Cretaceous period.
Comments on importance of work of Alphonse de Candolle, Saporta, Axel Blytt.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 6 Aug 1881 |
| Classmark: | DAR 95: 518–23 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13277 |
Matches: 20 hits
- … To J. D. Hooker 6 August 1881 …
- … DAR 95: 518–23 Charles Robert Darwin Down 6 Aug 1881 Joseph Dalton Hooker …
- … see letter from J. D. Hooker, 4 August 1881 and n. 15). The letter is written on large …
- … Saporta, Gaston de and Marion, Antoine-Fortuné. 1881. L’évolution du règne végétal. Les …
- … Down Beckenham Aug. 6 th 1881 My dear Hooker. — For Heaven sake never speak of boring me, …
- … for the Advancement of Science meeting at York ( Hooker 1881 ; see letter from J. …
- … D. Hooker, 4 August 1881 ). Joseph Pitton de Tournefort ; see letter from J. …
- … D. Hooker, 4 August 1881 and n. 2. CD had taken volumes of Alexander von Humboldt ’s …
- … Zealand. London: Lovell Reeve. Hooker, Joseph Dalton. 1881. On geographical distribution. …
- … section E, geography. [Read 1 September 1881. ] Report of the 51st Meeting of the British …
- … exactitude in the collection of data’ ( Hooker 1881 , pp. 730–1). Charles Lyell and Edward …
- … Forbes (see letter from J. D. Hooker, 4 August 1881 and n. 5). James Dwight …
- … permanence of continents in Nature , 3 March 1881, p. 410; he claimed to have held these …
- … were native to warm temperate zones in Hooker 1881 , pp. 733–4. Lignite: brown coal from …
- … of cultivated and introduced plants ( Hooker 1881 , pp. 737–8). On the flora of New …
- … Fuego, see Hooker 1844–7 ; see also Hooker 1881 , pp. 736–7. Hooker briefly mentioned work …
- … flora from the Cretaceous period to the present ( Hooker 1881 , p. 734). CD was aware …
- … plants ( Saporta 1879 , Saporta and Marion 1881 ). See Correspondence vol. 27, letter to …
- … letter to Gaston de Saporta, 13 [May] 1881 . Saporta had discussed his views on the mutual …
- … See letter from J. D. Hooker, 4 August 1881 and n. 10. Axel Blytt had sent CD his Essay …
To J. D. Hooker 30 October 1881
Summary
Profuse thanks for plants.
Specifies which euphorbs he wants. Euphorbs’ alternate rows of ammonium carbonate reactive/non-reactive cells are worth more study.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 30 Oct 1881 |
| Classmark: | DAR 95: 542–3 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13442 |
Matches: 13 hits
- … To J. D. Hooker 30 October 1881 …
- … DAR 95: 542–3 Charles Robert Darwin Down 30 Oct 1881 Joseph Dalton Hooker …
- … See letters from J. D. Hooker, [23 October 1881] and …
- … 27 October 1881 . Hooker had praised Earthworms , jokingly referring to it as the ‘diet of …
- … see letter from J. D. Hooker, [23 October 1881] and n. 2). Hooker had recently bought land …
- … a country home (see letter from J. D. Hooker, [23 October 1881] and n. 5). See letter …
- … See letter from George King, 13 September 1881 . King had sent CD a copy of the figure and …
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1881. Lindley, John. 1853. The vegetable kingdom; …
- … to J. D. Hooker, 22 October 1881 and n. 10. Drosophyllum is the monotypic genus of …
- … letter from J. D. Hooker, 27 October 1881 ). CD had already told Hooker he did not need …
- … the genus of leaf flower; see letter to J. D. Hooker, 22 October 1881 and n. 10). CD had …
- … visit to Cambridge from 20 to 27 October 1881 (CD’s ‘Journal’ (Appendix II)). For more on …
- … the letter to Francis Darwin, 28 [October 1881] and n. 12. Common nettle ( Urtica dioica ) …
To J. D. Hooker 20 June [1881]
Summary
Cheered by JDH’s friendly words.
Wishes he could help JDH with geographical distribution, but the subject has gone out of his mind.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 20 June [1881] |
| Classmark: | DAR 95: 516–17 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13211 |
Matches: 11 hits
- … To J. D. Hooker 20 June [1881] …
- … DAR 95: 516–17 Charles Robert Darwin Patterdale 20 June [1881] Joseph Dalton Hooker …
- … bei Oxalis . Flora 54: 241–6. Hooker, Joseph Dalton. 1881. On geographical distribution. …
- … section E, geography. [Read 1 September 1881. ] Report of the 51st Meeting of the British …
- … between this letter and the letter from J. D. Hooker, 18 June 1881 . See letter to J. …
- … D. Hooker, 15 June 1881 , and letter from J. …
- … D. Hooker, 18 June 1881 . CD had evidently written to his gardener, Henry Lettington , to …
- … died at Hayes Common, Kent, on 16 June 1881 ( ODNB ); the uncompleted book, Studies in …
- … for the Advancement of Science, held at York, 31 August to 7 September 1881 (for his …
- … address, see Hooker 1881 ). …
- … and William Rathbone Greg ; see letter from J. D. Hooker, 18 June 1881 and nn. 5 and 7. …
To J. D. Hooker 30 August 1881
Summary
Erasmus’ death and CD’s sentiments on death.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 30 Aug 1881 |
| Classmark: | DAR 95: 530–1 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13304 |
Matches: 6 hits
- … To J. D. Hooker 30 August 1881 …
- … DAR 95: 530–1 Charles Robert Darwin Down 30 Aug 1881 Joseph Dalton Hooker …
- … See letter from J. D. Hooker, 29 August 1881 . Erasmus …
- … Alvey Darwin had died on 26 August 1881 (CD’s ‘Journal’ (Appendix II)). See letter from …
- … J. D. Hooker, 29 August 1881 and n. 3. …
- … Down, Beckenham Aug. 30. 1881. My dear Hooker. Your note has pleased me much. The death …
To J. D. Hooker 15 June 1881
Summary
CD complains of discomfort, but has not the strength for a project that would let him forget it.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 15 June 1881 |
| Classmark: | DAR 95: 513–15 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13207 |
Matches: 12 hits
- … To J. D. Hooker 15 June 1881 …
- … DAR 95: 513–15 Charles Robert Darwin Patterdale 15 June 1881 Joseph Dalton Hooker …
- … Notes on Gramineæ. [Read 3 November 1881. ] Journal of the Linnean Society of London ( …
- … See letter from J. D. Hooker, 12 June 1881 . The Hookers had visited Italy with …
- … and Jane Loring Gray , from early March until 12 May 1881 ( L. Huxley ed. 1918 , 2: 251). …
- … See letter from J. D. Hooker, 12 June 1881 and n. 3. Genera plantarum ( Bentham and Hooker …
- … House | Patterdale, Penrith. June 15 th 1881 My dear Hooker It was real pleasure to me to …
- … see letter from J. D. Hooker, 12 June 1881 and n. 1). It is an invasive species with …
- … Switzerland, and Germany in May and June 1881 ( J. L. Gray ed. 1893 , 2: 720–1). Francis …
- … grasses) formed the last section, which Bentham finished in late 1881 ( Stearn 1956 , p. …
- … 130; Bentham 1881 ). See letter from J. …
- … D. Hooker, 12 June 1881 and n. 4. Hyacinth Hooker was thinking of taking the Hooker …
To J. D. Hooker 21 August 1881
Summary
No one could have thought about evolution and not about representative species; yet no one discussed it fully until Origin, including von Baer.
Did not know of Leopold von Buch’s Description physique des îles Canaries [1836] when Origin was published.
"As far as I know no one ever discussed the meaning of the relation between representative species before I did & as I suppose Wallace did in his paper before the Linn. Soc. [1858]."
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 21 Aug 1881 |
| Classmark: | DAR 95: 528–9 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13293 |
Matches: 9 hits
- … To J. D. Hooker 21 August 1881 …
- … DAR 95: 528–9 Charles Robert Darwin Down 21 Aug 1881 Joseph Dalton Hooker …
- … letter from J. D. Hooker, 20 August 1881 and n. 6. Wallace discussed the distribution …
- … Paris: F. G. Levrault. Hooker, Joseph Dalton. 1881. On geographical distribution. …
- … section E, geography. [Read 1 September 1881. ] Report of the 51st Meeting of the British …
- … Station | Orpington. S.E.R. ) Aug. 21 st 1881 My dear Hooker I cannot aid you much or at …
- … for the Advancement of Science meeting at York ( Hooker 1881 ; see letter from J. …
- … D. Hooker, 20 August 1881 ). Christian Leopold von Buch ’s paper on the Canary Islands ( …
- … Baer . See letter from J. D. Hooker, 20 August 1881 and n. 3. Alfred Russel Wallace . …
To J. D. Hooker 18 September [1881]
Summary
Comte [de Paris] will have plants next summer.
Arruda Furtado will send his mountain plants from Azores.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 18 Sept [1881] |
| Classmark: | DAR 95: 536–7 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13342 |
Matches: 6 hits
- … To J. D. Hooker 18 September [1881] …
- … Botanic Gardens, Kew, was on holiday (see letter from J. D. Hooker, 7 September 1881 ). …
- … DAR 95: 536–7 Charles Robert Darwin Down 18 Sept [1881] Joseph Dalton Hooker …
- … letter from J. D. Hooker, 7 September 1881 . Francis Darwin was searching ‘Orchis Bank’ ( …
- … d’Orléans, comte de Paris (see letter from J. D. Hooker. 7 September 1881 ). See letter …
- … to Francisco de Arruda Furtado, 12 September 1881 . William Turner Thiselton-Dyer , the …
To J. D. Hooker 4 November [1881]
Summary
Cannot read signature on letter sent via JDH from Lima.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 4 Nov [1881] |
| Classmark: | DAR 95: 544 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13492 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … To J. D. Hooker 4 November [1881] …
- … DAR 95: 544 Charles Robert Darwin Down 4 Nov [1881] Joseph Dalton Hooker …
- … Nation (see letter from William Nation, 22 September 1881 ; CD sent the letter to Nature , …
- … where it was published on 17 November 1881, p. …
- … 51 (see letter to Nature , 7 November [1881] ). …
To J. D. Hooker 22 [January 1844 – March 1882]
Summary
Discusses books returned
and invites him to Down for a few days.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 22 [Jan 1844 - Mar 1882] |
| Classmark: | Sotheby’s (dealers) (14 and 28 May 1983) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13816A |
Matches: 12 hits
- … Nov 1881 22 …
- … Dec 1881 22 Jan 1882 22 Feb 1882 22 Mar 1882 Joseph Dalton Hooker …
- … 22 July 1880 22 Aug 1880 22 Sept 1880 22 Oct 1880 22 Nov 1880 22 Dec 1880 22 Jan 1881 22 …
- … Feb 1881 22 …
- … Mar 1881 22 …
- … Apr 1881 22 …
- … May 1881 22 …
- … June 1881 22 …
- … July 1881 22 …
- … Aug 1881 22 …
- … Sept 1881 22 …
- … Oct 1881 22 …
To J. D. Hooker 26 [February 1881]
Summary
Island life continues to stimulate: Wallace ignores effects of glaciers on alpine flora and generally exaggerates those of débâcles and wind dispersal. CD encourages JDH to prepare a geographical address including history of geographical distribution.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 26 [Feb 1881] |
| Classmark: | DAR 95: 509–12 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13067 |
Matches: 9 hits
- … To J. D. Hooker 26 [February 1881] …
- … 509–12 Charles Robert Darwin London, Bryanston St, 4 26 [Feb 1881] Joseph Dalton Hooker …
- … relationship between this letter and the letter from J. D. Hooker, 24 February [1881] . …
- … From 24 February to 3 March 1881, CD stayed at Henrietta Emma and Richard Buckley …
- … See letter from J. D. Hooker, 24 February [1881] . Hooker’s last extant letter before this …
- … between mountain tops in his letter to A. R. Wallace, 2 January 1881 . See letter from A. …
- … R. Wallace, 1 January 1881 . See Wallace 1880a , pp. 488–91. Henry Nottidge Moseley …
- … see letter from J. D. Hooker, 24 February [1881] and n. 3). Hooker, as president of the …
- … see letter from J. D. Hooker, 24 February [1881] and n. 5). See Wallace 1880a , pp. 480–4. …
To J. D. Hooker 6 January 1881
Summary
Letter of introduction for V. O. Kovalevsky.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 6 Jan 1881 |
| Classmark: | Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Directors’ Correspondence DC/136/949) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-12982 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … To J. D. Hooker 6 January 1881 …
- … Correspondence DC/136/949) Charles Robert Darwin Down 6 Jan 1881 Joseph Dalton Hooker …
- … Railway Station | Orpington. S.E.R. Jan 6 th 1881 My dear Hooker The Bearer of this, the …
- … to V. O. Kovalevsky, 1 and 6 January 1881 ). Hooker was director of the Royal Botanic …
To J. D. Hooker [29 December 1880]
Summary
Asks JDH to read the enclosed Memorial, sign it, and send it to T. H. Huxley.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | [29 Dec 1880] |
| Classmark: | Jeffrey Winograd (private collection) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11300F |
To J. D. Hooker 30 July [1856]
Summary
CD’s predicament with continental extensions: they would remove argument for multiple creations, yet he opposes the doctrine. Lyell will not express an opinion on this.
Lyell fears mutability would lead to more specific names.
Encloses copy of letters to Lyell [1910 and 1917].
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 30 July [1856] |
| Classmark: | DAR 114: 172, 165, and 167 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1933 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … are phantoms also’ (K. M. Lyell ed. 1881, 2: 216). Lyell based much of his geological …
- … dated 25 July 1856 (K. M. Lyell ed. 1881, 2: 214–17). Lyell had discussed the definition …
- … own infallible Pope. ’ (K. M. Lyell ed. 1881, 2: 214–15). CD refers to the difficulty he …
- … constellation Hercules. ’ (K. M. Lyell ed. 1881, 2: 215). Lyell had written: ‘I fear much …
To J. D. Hooker 1 December 1880
Summary
Responds, with some embarrassment, to JDH’s caution on Frank’s F.R.S. prospects.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 1 Dec 1880 |
| Classmark: | DAR 95: 502–3 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-12880 |
To J. D. Hooker 28 November [1877]
Summary
Suggests revisions in JDH’s 1877 Presidential Address to the Royal Society [Proc. R. Soc. Lond. (1877): 427–46].
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 28 Nov [1877] |
| Classmark: | DAR 95: 465 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11257 |
To J. D. Hooker 10 December [1864]
Summary
Has found incipient stages of adhesive discs in Hanburia tendrils.
Huxley was probably right to have challenged Sabine, but the poor old man is sick.
CD remembers the old Disraeli novel [Tancred (1847)] that sneers at transmutation.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 10 Dec [1864] |
| Classmark: | DAR 115: 256 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4712 |
To J. D. Hooker 5 December 1880
Summary
Thanks for agreeing to propose Frank as F.R.S.
Would have enjoyed discussing Island life.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
| Date: | 5 Dec 1880 |
| Classmark: | DAR 95: 504–5 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-12890 |
Darwin in letters, 1881: Old friends and new admirers
Summary
In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began writing about all the eminent men he had met. He embarked on this task, which formed an addition to his autobiography, because he had nothing else to do. He had…
Matches: 28 hits
- … In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, …
- … was another source of pleasure in the early months of 1881. This book had been a major undertaking …
- … making 2000’ ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 4 January 1881 ). Unlike Darwin’s other books, …
- … case is to me’ (letters to W. E. Darwin, 31 January [1881] and 19 February [1881] ). On 7 …
- … individual experience ( letter from G. J. Romanes, 7 March 1881 ). The difficulty with earthworms …
- … were trustworthy ( letter to Francis Galton, 8 March [1881] ). Although results from earlier …
- … ‘a game of chance’ ( letter to R. F. Cooke, 12 April 1881 ). On 18 May he described his work on …
- … annuals ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 21 March [1881] ). Darwin thought flowers of the semi- …
- … sulky in a day or two’ ( letter to R. F. Cooke, 29 July 1881 ). The degree of Darwin’s distress …
- … period of the season’ ( letter from R. F. Cooke, 30 July 1881 ). Darwin gave in. ‘I am now uneasy …
- … teacher told him ( letter from C. E. Södling, 14 October 1881 ), while H. M. Wallis, who sent …
- … general stock of knowledge’ ( letter to E. W. Bok, 10 May 1881 ). Josef Popper, an expert on …
- … any criticism’ ( letter to C. G. Semper, 19 July 1881 ). He continued his friendly disagreement …
- … of the Fuegians’ ( letter to W. P. Snow, 22 November 1881 ). Darwin received news about the …
- … on the shoulder (l etter from B. J. Sulivan, 18 March 1881 ). Among numerous new …
- … ( letter from Francisco de Arruda Furtado, 29 July 1881 ). Likewise, among the many books …
- … excellent Journal’ ( letter to G. J. Romanes, 4 July [1881] ). In these ways, Darwin kept up with …
- … conscious of it’ ( letter to Alexander Agassiz, 5 May 1881 ). His scientific friends, however, did …
- … on all our minds’ ( letter to John Lubbock, [18 September 1881] ). When Hooker, anxious about his …
- … much out’ of his mind ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 20 June [1881] ). Feeling ‘awfully guilty’ for …
- … & many a good fight’ (letters to J. D. Hooker, 6 August 1881 and 12 August 1881 ). …
- … on all physiologists’ ( letter to G. J. Romanes, 18 April 1881 ). A letter he had written to the …
- … & tear of controversy’ ( letter to G. R. Jesse, 23 April 1881 ). Later in the year, Darwin …
- … judgment on the subject ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 12 July 1881 ). However, some requests were …
- … intelligent man’ ( letter from G. J. Romanes, 1 July [1881] ). Despite this, Darwin thanked ‘all …
- … ‘go to the wall’ ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 19 November [1881] ). Darwin was as solicitous about …
- … no pretensions’ (l etter from W. E. Darwin, 13 January [1881 ]), Darwin immediately prepared a …
- … have occurred to him’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 29 January 1881 ). While Francis was …
Volume 29 (1881) is published!
Summary
In October 1881, Darwin published his last book, The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with observations on their habits. A slim volume on a subject that many people could understand and on which they had their own opinions, it went…
Matches: 8 hits
- … From the start of 1881, Darwin had his demise on his mind. He increasingly relied on his son …
- … now available. Read more about Darwin's life in 1881 in our Life in letters series …
- … received. Letter t o Francis Darwin, 9 November [1881] In October 1881, Darwin …
- … Letter to A. B. Buckley, 4 January 1881 In January, Darwin heard that …
- … do. Letter to J. D. Hooker, 15 June 1881 The Darwins spent June in the …
- … Letter to W. E. Darwin, 4 August [1881] In early August, Darwin …
- … Letter to T. H. Farrer, 28 August 1881 Darwin’s elder brother, …
- … Letter t o B. J. Sulivan, 1 December 1881 …
Intellectual capacities: From Caroline Kennard, 26 December 1881
Summary
We might assume that among female admirers of Darwin’s work, many would have been disappointed by his views on the comparative intellectual capacities of the sexes expressed in The Descent of Man (1872). This was certainly true of the American feminist…
Terms of engagement: To Julius Wiesner, 25 October 1881
Summary
Thomas Huxley’s pugnacious public defence of evolution led to his nickname ‘Darwin’s bulldog’ and to a view of Darwin as an evader of controversy. Darwin firmly believed that controversy rarely did any good, but this did not mean that he avoided challenges…
Matches: 1 hits
- … however, was tempered. Writing to Wiesner on 25 October 1881 , Darwin stated ‘I have no doubt …
Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small
Summary
In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…
Matches: 11 hits
- … in Down, where his brother Erasmus had been interred in 1881. But some of his scientific friends …
- … vol. 29, letter from Arthur de Souza Corrêa, 28 December 1881 ). Darwin had a long-running …
- … last book, Earthworms , had been published in October 1881. It proved to be very popular, with …
- … vol. 29, letter from J. F. Simpson, 8 November 1881 ). He remarked on the ‘far reaching …
- … Correspondence vol. 29, letter to Emily Talbot, 19 July 1881 ) was also published in the …
- … American, Caroline Kennard, had written on 26 December 1881 (see Correspondence vol. 29) to …
- … on the topic of science and art. He had sat for Collier in 1881 for a portrait commissioned by the …
- … letter from John Collier, 22 February 1882 ; T. H. Huxley 1881, pp. 199–245). Huxley used …
- … discoverer of tidal evolution’ ( Nature , 24 November 1881, p. 81). Darwin boasted to Rich: …
- … the birth of his first child (Erasmus Darwin) on 7 December 1881. Finally, Darwin had a second …
- … by Lyell’s sister-in-law Katherine (see K. M. Lyell ed. 1881, 2: 445–6). A complete draft and …
Alexander Burns Usborne
Summary
Alexander Burns Usborne was born in Kendal, Westmorland, in 1808, the son of Alexander and Margaret Usborne; his father died in 1818 and in his will was described as the purser on HMS Hannibal. His son joined the navy in 1825 aged 16 as a second-class…
1.18 John Collier, oil in Linnean
Summary
< Back to Introduction By 1881 it was clear to Darwin’s intimates that he was increasingly frail, and that, as he approached death, he had finally escaped from religious controversy to become a heroic figure, loved and venerated for his achievements…
Matches: 7 hits
- … < Back to Introduction By 1881 it was clear to Darwin’s intimates that he was …
- … Society in 1858. Moreover, the Society was now, in May 1881, dominated by Darwinians. Its President …
- … work and any other subject that cropped up.’ On 7 August 1881 Darwin was able to report to Romanes …
- … of image John Collier date of creation 1881 computer-readable date …
- … archive, manuscript letter LL/8, Darwin to Romanes, 27 May 1881. Correspondence between Darwin and …
- … Letter from Darwin to his son George, 23 July 1881, telling him the picture was finished (DCP-LETT …
- … pp. 118–121, correspondence between Romanes and Darwin in 1881 (DCP-LETT-13173, 13229, 13282). …
Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms
Summary
‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…
Matches: 3 hits
- … from scientific debate. The matter spilled over into January 1881. With Henrietta’s aid, the advice …
- … bags ( letter from G. J. Romanes, [6, 13, or 20] March 1881 ). Romanes was at work on a lengthy …
- … memorial was eventually submitted to Gladstone in January 1881 and was successful. For a copy of the …
Casting about: Darwin on worms
Summary
Earthworms were the subject of a citizen science project to map the distribution of earthworms across Britain (BBC Today programme, 26 May 2014). The general understanding of the role earthworms play in improving soils and providing nutrients for plants to…
Matches: 3 hits
Diagrams and drawings in letters
Summary
Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…
Matches: 1 hits
- … and the fertilisation of figs by Hymenoptera, 9 January 1881 CD's instructions to …
4.41 'Punch', Sambourne cartoon 2
Summary
< Back to Introduction In October 1881, Darwin was included in Linley Sambourne’s series of ‘Punch’s Fancy Portraits’ of celebrities as No. 54. While the caption recurs to the old theme of Darwin’s views on human ancestry, the drawing contains a more…
3.20 Elliott and Fry, c.1880-1, verandah
Summary
< Back to Introduction In photographs of Darwin taken c.1880-1, the expression of energetic thought conveyed by photographs of earlier years gives way to the pathos of evident physical frailty. While Collier’s oil portrait of this time emphasises…
Matches: 5 hits
- … and Letters of his father (1887), and there it was dated 1881. However, another photograph from …
- … by the National Portrait Gallery (NPG X5938) to 29 November 1881. However, Janet Browne points out …
- … of sadness at that time. In a letter to Hooker of 15 June 1881, echoed in another to B.J. Sulivan of …
- … of Elliott and Fry date of creation c.1880-1881 computer-readable date c …
- … and bibliography letters from Darwin to Hooker, 15 June 1881 (DCP-LETT-13207) and to B.J. Sulivan, …
Darwin's bad days
Summary
Despite being a prolific worker who had many successes with his scientific theorising and experimenting, even Darwin had some bad days. These times when nothing appeared to be going right are well illustrated by the following quotations from his letters:
Matches: 1 hits
- … Despite being a prolific worker who had many successes with his scientific theorising and …
Exercise: Caricatures of Science
Summary
Caricatures provide intriguing insights into both ideals and transgressions of gender. The following six images show caricatured representations of nineteenth-century men and women of science. They provide insight into the boundaries of what was deemed …
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- … align="aligncenter" width="206"] Clémence Royer (1881)[/caption] …
3.18 Elliott and Fry photos, c.1869-1871
Summary
< Back to Introduction The leading photographic firm of Elliott and Fry seems to have portrayed Darwin at Down House on several occasions. In November 1869 Darwin told A. B. Meyer, who wanted photographs of both him and Wallace for a German…
Matches: 3 hits
3.21 Herbert Rose Barraud, photos
Summary
< Back to Introduction The successful portrait photographer Herbert Rose Barraud, who had studios in London and Liverpool, photographed Darwin in the summer of 1881, in a group of four or so close-up head-and-shoulders portraits. This was probably at…
Matches: 3 hits
4.42 'Punch' Sambourne cartoon 3
Summary
< Back to Introduction Linley Sambourne’s last caricature of Darwin, ‘Man is But a Worm’, was published in Punch’s Almanac for 1882 on 6 December 1881, only four months before Darwin’s death. Like Sambourne’s ‘Punch’s Fancy Portraits. No. 54. Charles…
Matches: 4 hits
- … published in Punch’s Almanac for 1882 on 6 December 1881, only four months before Darwin’s death …
- … No. 54. Charles Robert Darwin, LL.D., F.R.S.’ of October 1881, it is an affectionate and whimsical …
- … date of creation November-December 1881 computer-readable date 1881-11-01 to 1881-12-5 …
- … Punch’s Almanac for 1882 , issued 6 December 1881 (unpaginated). Janet Browne, Charles Darwin: …
Religion
Summary
Design|Personal Belief|Beauty|The Church Perhaps the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same can be said of the evolution controversy today; however the nature of the disputes and the manner in…
Earthworms
Summary
As with many of Darwin’s research topics, his interest in worms spanned nearly his entire working life. Some of his earliest correspondence about earthworms was written and received in the 1830s, shortly after his return from his Beagle voyage, and his…
Dipsacus and Drosera: Frank’s favourite carnivores
Summary
In Autumn of 1875, Francis Darwin was busy researching aggregation in the tentacles of Drosera rotundifolia (F. Darwin 1876). This phenomenon occurs when coloured particles within either protoplasm or the fluid in the cell vacuole (the cell sap) cluster…
Matches: 1 hits
- … again, for I am sure that it is worth it.’ As late as 1881, less than a year before his death, …
