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From John Murray   28 September [1870]

Summary

Various arrangements concerning the publication of Descent. "It will cause men to prick up [their] ears – & to elevate their eyebrows." JM thinks he will venture to print 2500 copies.

Suggests CD tone down as possibly indelicate a passage on proportion of advances made by the two sexes in animals.

Author:  John Murray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  28 Sept [1870]
Classmark:  DAR 171: 378
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7329

Matches: 9 hits

  • … From John Murray   28 September [1870] …
  • … DAR 171: 378 John Murray London, Albemarle St, 50 28 Sept [1870] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … relationship between this letter and the letter to John Murray, 26 September 1870 . See …
  • … letter to John Murray, 26 September 1870  and nn.  1 and 2. The reference …
  • … Clowes & Sons . See letter to John Murray, 26 September 1870 . The reference is to D.   …
  • … Co . See letter to John Murray, 26 September 1870  and n.  6. Murray refers to the …
  • … Petter & Galpin. See letter to John Murray, 26 September 1870  and nn.  3 and 7. Murray …
  • … See letter to John Murray, 26 September 1870 . Murray may refer to the discussion, ‘On …
  • … See the letter from John Murray, 10 October [1870] and n.  3. CD briefly remarked on the …

From Asa Gray   21 November 1870

Summary

Reports case of apparent incipient dimorphism. Observations on variations in flower structure, especially style length, within species of Polemoniaceae.

Author:  Asa Gray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  21 Nov 1870
Classmark:  DAR 110: B70–3
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7378

Matches: 14 hits

  • … From Asa Gray   21 November 1870
  • … DAR 110: B70–3 Asa Gray Botanic Garden, Cambridge, Mass. 21 Nov 1870 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … to Lewis Henry Morgan . See letter from L.  H.  Morgan, 9 August 1870 , and letter to L.   …
  • … H.  Morgan, 11 August [1870] . …
  • … Botanic Garden, | Cambridge, Mass. Nov.  21. 1870 My Dear Mr.  Darwin I have been a long …
  • … of the North American Polemoniaceae’ ( Gray 1870 ) was read at the 14 June meeting of the …
  • … one of which was Leptosiphon ( Gray 1870 , p.  265); Leptosiphon is now the genus …
  • … Collomia nudicaulis are synonyms of Gymnosteris nudicaulis. See Gray 1870 , p.  265. Gilia …
  • … androsacea is now Leptosiphon androsaceus , false babystars. See Gray 1870 , pp.  275– …
  • … 6. In Gray 1870 , p.  275, Gray wrote: ‘the tendency to dimorphism, of which there are …
  • … or Uinta Basin gilia) and G.  pinnatifida (sticky gilia) ( Gray 1870 , p.  276). …
  • … See Gray 1870 , p.  281. …
  • … For Gray’s description of Phlox species, see Gray 1870 , pp.  248– …
  • … 58. See Gray 1870 , pp.  248, 252. CD referred to Gray’s conclusions on Phlox subulata and …

To Ernst Haeckel   23 June [1870]

Summary

Comments on new edition of EH’s book [Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte, 2d ed. (1870)].

Mentions his own book [Descent].

Visit by Kölliker.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Ernst Philipp August (Ernst) Haeckel
Date:  23 June [1870]
Classmark:  Ernst-Haeckel-Haus (Bestand A-Abt. 1: 1–52/24)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7241

Matches: 8 hits

  • … To Ernst Haeckel   23 June [1870] …
  • … 1: 1–52/24) Charles Robert Darwin Down 23 June [1870] Ernst Philipp August (Ernst) Haeckel …
  • … Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte , 2d ed. (1870)]. Mentions his own book [ Descent ]. Visit …
  • … Albert von Kölliker visited CD with Albert Günther on 15 April 1870 ( letter from Albert …
  • … Günther 12 April 1870 ; letter from J.   …
  • … V.  Carus, 16 April [1870] ). …
  • … Medizin und Naturwissenschaft dated 30 May 1870 ( Haeckel 1870b ). CD was mentioned on the …
  • … CD was in London from 24 June to 1 July 1870 (CD’s ‘Journal’ (Appendix II)). CD refers to …

To W. H. Flower   25 March [1870]

Summary

Thanks WHF for his very good lecture.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Henry Flower
Date:  25 Mar [1870]
Classmark:  John Innes Foundation Historical Collections; DAR 270.1: 24
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7148

Matches: 10 hits

  • … To W. H. Flower   25 March [1870] …
  • … Collections; DAR 270.1: 24 Charles Robert Darwin Down 25 Mar [1870] William Henry Flower …
  • … year is established by the reference to Flower 1870 ; see n.  2, below. Flower had given …
  • … at the Royal College of Surgeons on 14 February 1870; it was published in the Medical …
  • … Times and Gazette for 19 February ( Flower 1870 ). Flower mentioned CD along with Alfred …
  • … by means of natural selection ( Flower 1870 , p.  196). In Origin 6th ed. , p.  382, CD …
  • … same conclusion ( ibid. , p.  375). See Flower 1870 , p.  199. Thylacinus is a genus of …
  • … Bibliography Flower, William Henry. 1870. Introductory lecture to the course of …
  • … College of Surgeons. [Read 14 February 1870. ] Medical Times and Gazette 40: 195–200. [ …
  • … used for different purposes. See also Flower 1870 , pp.  197–8. The July 1869 issue of the …

To C. W. Thomson   10 October 1870

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Summary

Testimonial letter hoping that CWT will be successful in getting Chair of Natural History at Edinburgh.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Wyville Thomson
Date:  10 Oct 1870
Classmark:  Christie’s, London (dealers) (13 July 2022, lot 59)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7337

Matches: 9 hits

  • … To C.  W.  Thomson   10 October 1870
  • … 13 July 2022, lot 59) Charles Robert Darwin Down 10 Oct 1870 Charles Wyville Thomson …
  • … see Correspondence vol. 18, letter from C.  W.  Thomson, 7 October 1870 and n.  2. …
  • … Thomson was appointed to the position on 7 November 1870 (see Swinney 1999 , p.  57). …
  • … letter from C.  W.  Thomson, 7 October 1870. A draft of this letter was published in …
  • … vol. 18 with the date [after 7 October 1870]; a version from a pamphlet containing a copy …
  • … that accompanied it ( C. W. Thomson 1870 ) was published in Correspondence vol. 24 …
  • … Down. | Beckenham. | Kent. S.E. Oct 10 1870 My dear Sir I am very glad to hear that you …
  • … 11: 51–70. Thomson, Charles Wyville. 1870. Regius professorship of natural history in the …

From W. D. Fox   18 [November 1870]

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Summary

Has heard "sad tales" about CD’s forthcoming book [Descent]; does not think even CD can persuade him his ancestors were apes.

Author:  William Darwin Fox
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  18 [Nov 1870]
Classmark:  DAR 164: 192
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7376

Matches: 10 hits

  • … From W.  D.  Fox   18 [November 1870] …
  • … DAR 164: 192 William Darwin Fox Sandown 18 [Nov 1870] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (1870): 663–4. ) The male is illustrated …
  • … of the Zoological Society of London (1870): facing p.  664. The macaque in the background …
  • … between this letter and the letter to W.  D.  Fox, 15 November [1870] . See letter to W.   …
  • … D.  Fox, 15 November [1870] . Fox’s summer home was Delamere Rectory in Cheshire. In caelo …
  • … She was described in Land and Water , 24 July 1870, p.  57, by Abraham Dee Bartlett , the …
  • … to call Macacus andamanensis. In April 1870 a letter was received from the Andaman Islands …
  • … been brought from Burma ( Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (1870): 220). …
  • … In June 1870, Bartlett secured a male ‘Andaman monkey’ for the society; it was identified …

From Francis Galton   8 April 1870

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Summary

The mark he had thought a variation is not, and he thinks his infusion still too small even when the blood is defibrinised.

Author:  Francis Galton
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  8 Apr 1870
Classmark:  DAR 105: A13–14
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7161

Matches: 8 hits

  • … From Francis Galton   8 April 1870
  • … DAR 105: A13–14 Francis Galton Leamington 8 Apr 1870 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … Publishers. 1998. Cobbe, Frances Power. 1870. Hereditary piety. [Review of Francis Galton, …
  • … 1869 ) in the Theological Review ( Cobbe 1870 ). No letter from CD to Galton commenting on …
  • … the letter from Francis Galton, 31 March 1870  and n.  8. A second edition of Hereditary …
  • … See letter from Francis Galton, 31 March 1870 . Abraham Dee Bartlett was assisting Galton …
  • … Read 30 March 1871. ] Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 19 (1870–1): 393–410. …
  • … 5 Bertie Terrace | Leamington April 8 1870 My dear Darwin The white nose and vertical bar …

To William Ogle   17 November [1870]

Summary

Thanks WO for information on platysma, which he did not know could be brought into voluntary action. Is coming to believe it has nothing to do with expression.

On the relation between white colouring and susceptibility to poisonous plants, CD suggests WO send his paper to J. Wyman and propose he investigate whether white as well as black pigs will eat paint-root.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Ogle
Date:  17 Nov [1870]
Classmark:  DAR 261.5: 4 (EH 88205902)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7373

Matches: 10 hits

  • … To William Ogle   17 November [1870] …
  • … DAR 261.5: 4 (EH 88205902) Charles Robert Darwin Down 17 Nov [1870] William Ogle …
  • … this letter and the letter to William Ogle, 9 November 1870 . CD had enquired about …
  • … myoides muscle in his letter of 9 November 1870 . Some of what Ogle wrote in reply …
  • … now missing portion of his letter of [10–17 November 1870] . See Expression , pp.  298– …
  • … 303. See letter from James Crichton-Browne, 15 March 1870 , and letter to James …
  • … Crichton-Browne, 18 March 1870 . CD refers to Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne , and …
  • … Browne, 8 June 1869 . See letter from William Ogle, [before 9 November 1870] and n.   …
  • … and letter to William Ogle, 9 November 1870 . CD had given information from Jeffries Wyman …
  • … 299). See letter to William Ogle, 9 November 1870  and n.  5. CD refers to Louis Pierre …

To F. C. Donders   21 June 1870

Summary

Comments on translation of FCD’s paper ["On the action of the eyelids", Arch. Med. 5 (1870): 20–38].

Speculates that closing eyelids may protect eyes from vibrations.

Discusses publication of Expression.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Frans Cornelis (Franciscus Cornelius) Donders
Date:  21 June 1870
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7238

Matches: 7 hits

  • … To F.  C.  Donders   21 June 1870
  • … Mss.B.D25. ) Charles Robert Darwin Down 21 June 1870 Frans Cornelis (Franciscus Cornelius) …
  • … the action of the eyelids", Arch. Med. 5 (1870): 20–38]. Speculates that closing eyelids …
  • … Down— Beckenham | Kent June 21. 1870 My dear Sir I have received from D r Moore the …
  • … of the eye ( Donders 1870a ; see letters from F.  C.  Donders, 17 May 1870  and …
  • … 27 May 1870 ). Lionel Smith …
  • … edited Archives of Medicine from 1857 to 1870 ( ODNB ). Moore’s translation of Donders’s …

From Lewis Henry Morgan   9 August 1870

Summary

Sends last chapter of his book in press [Systems of consanguinity and affinity of the human family vol. 17 in Smithsonian contributions to knowledge (1871)], which supports CD on man.

Ethnology must study the ages of barbarism as the formative portions of man’s physical and mental history.

Author:  Lewis Henry Morgan
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  9 Aug 1870
Classmark:  DAR 171: 238
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7299

Matches: 9 hits

  • … From Lewis Henry Morgan   9 August 1870
  • … DAR 171: 238 Lewis Henry Morgan London, Bury St, 15 9 Aug 1870 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … Sciences 7: 436–77. Morgan, Lewis Henry. 1870. Systems of consanguinity and affinity of …
  • … London | 15 Bury St. St James. August 9. 1870 Dear Sir I send you by mail an advance copy …
  • … In 1870, 15 Bury Street, St James’s, London, …
  • … was a lodging house ( Post Office London directory 1870). Morgan refers to Systems …
  • … and affinity of the human family ( Morgan 1870 ); he referred to it in his article, ‘A …
  • … and G514); there is a copy of Morgan 1870  in the Darwin Library–Down. From an extensive …
  • … lineal relationships ( Morgan 1868 and 1870). CD referred to Morgan 1868  in Descent 1: …

To J. J. Weir   29 June [1870]

Summary

On birds erecting feathers.

Comments on production of buds in Cytisus.

Discusses case of rabbit-breeding which affected subsequent progeny of female.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Jenner Weir
Date:  29 June [1870]
Classmark:  DAR 148: 327
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7253

Matches: 7 hits

  • … To J.  J.  Weir   29 June [1870] …
  • … DAR 148: 327 Charles Robert Darwin Down 29 June [1870] John Jenner Weir …
  • … Regent’s Park, London. See letter from J.  J.  Weir, 27 June 1870  and n.  7. See letter …
  • … from J.  J.  Weir, 27 June 1870  and n.  9. ‘C.  purpureum’: Cytisus purpureus (a synonym …
  • … between this letter and the letter from J.  J.  Weir, 27 June 1870 . See letter from J.   …
  • … J.  Weir, 27 June 1870 . See letter from J.   …
  • … J.  Weir, 27 June 1870  and nn.  2 and 3. Abraham Dee Bartlett was superintendent of the …

To Francis Galton   [27 April 1870?]

Summary

Is much obliged for information [about rabbits?].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Francis Galton
Date:  [27 Apr 1870?]
Classmark:  DAR 105: A16v
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7176

Matches: 5 hits

  • … To Francis Galton   [27 April 1870? ] …
  • … DAR 105: A16v Charles Robert Darwin unstated [27 Apr 1870? ] Francis Galton …
  • … this letter and the letter from Francis Galton, 26 April 1870 . This letter is a draft …
  • … written on the back of the letter of 26 April 1870 . See …
  • … letter from Francis Galton, 26 April 1870 . …

To H. H. Vivian   11 May [1870]

Summary

Thanks for HHV’s interest in the census [CD’s plan to add questions on consanguineous marriage to the census] on which CD hopes to persuade Sir J. Lubbock to speak.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Henry Hussey Vivian, 1st baronet
Date:  11 May [1870]
Classmark:  Invercargill City Libraries and Archives (Alex Robertson Collection, vol. 12: A0444 S12450012)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7183

Matches: 6 hits

  • … To H.  H.  Vivian   11 May [1870] …
  • … A0444 S12450012) Charles Robert Darwin Down 11 May [1870] Henry Hussey Vivian, 1st baronet …
  • … between this letter and the letter from H.  H.  Vivian, 10 May 1870 . See letter from H.   …
  • … H.  Vivian, 10 May 1870  and n.  1. CD refers to …
  • … Austin Bruce . John Lubbock was elected MP for Maidstone in February 1870 (see letter to …
  • … John Lubbock, 26 February [1870] . …

From Francis Darwin   [before 18 October 1870]

Summary

Needs more money to pay his tutoring bills.

Author:  Francis Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [before 18 Oct 1870]
Classmark:  DAR 274.1: 14
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7345F

Matches: 6 hits

  • … From Francis Darwin   [before 18 October 1870] …
  • … DAR 274.1: 14 Francis Darwin Cambridge [before 18 Oct 1870] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … and the letter to Francis Darwin, 18 October [1870] ( Correspondence vol. 18). Robert Burn …
  • … Francis was an undergraduate from 1866 until 1870, when he received his BA ( Admissions to …
  • … 5: 329, Cambridge University calendar 1870, p. xxiv; see also Correspondence vol. 13, …
  • … a payment to Francis of £115 on 18 October 1870 in his Account books–cash account (Down …

From J. V. Carus   2 October 1870

Summary

The outbreak of war and war work have interfered with JVC’s scientific work.

Publisher does not, however, think the war will hurt success of Descent in Germany, and JVC asks for corrected sheets for his use in translating it.

Wishes struggle between Romanic and Teutonic races could be fought out in a form more appropriate to their cultures and civilisation.

Author:  Julius Victor Carus
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  2 Oct 1870
Classmark:  DAR 161: 76
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7332

Matches: 10 hits

  • … From J.  V.  Carus   2 October 1870
  • … DAR 161: 76 Julius Victor Carus Leipzig 2 Oct 1870 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … Carus refers to the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 to 1871, and the letter to J.   …
  • … V.  Carus, 18 August 1870 . Metz, a city in north-eastern France, was the headquarters of …
  • … Second Army from 3 September to 23 October 1870 ( Howard 1981 , pp.  257–72). The French …
  • … since the battle of Sedan on 2 September 1870 ( ibid. , pp.  204–23). Carus earned his …
  • … presentation copies were released in late 1870 ( Freeman 1977 , pp.  129–30). The first …
  • … Prussian War; the German invasion of France, 1870–1871. London and New York: Routledge. …
  • … Leipzig, Oct.  2, 1870. My dear Sir, This most horrid war put me entirely out of my …
  • … see the letter to J.  V.  Carus, 18 August 1870 . E.  Schweizerbart’sche Verlagshandlung, …

From J. V. Carus   18 April 1870

Summary

Regrets he cannot come to Down on day suggested.

Author:  Julius Victor Carus
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  18 Apr 1870
Classmark:  DAR 161: 75
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7166

Matches: 5 hits

  • … From J.  V.  Carus   18 April 1870
  • … DAR 161: 75 Julius Victor Carus London, Grosvenor St, 61 18 Apr 1870 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … See letter from J.  V.  Carus, 16 April [1870] . Carus did not visit CD in the autumn, …
  • … prevented by the Franco-Prussian war (see letter from J.  V.  Carus, 2 October 1870 ). …
  • … 61, Grosvenor Street | London, W. Apr 18. 1870. My dear Sir, I am so sorry I cannot come …

From Henry Bence Jones   2 August 1870

Summary

CD has complained of pins and needles keeping him from working on his book [Descent]. If he could spend ten days with HBJ, he would be well and fit.

Author:  Henry Bence Jones
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  2 Aug 1870
Classmark:  DAR 168: 79
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7293

Matches: 8 hits

  • … From Henry Bence Jones   2 August 1870
  • … DAR 168: 79 Henry Bence Jones Folkestone 2 Aug 1870 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … home from school from 22 July to 10 August 1870, but she makes no mention of any illness …
  • … 5 Albion Villas | Folkestone Aug 2 1870 My dear M r Darwin Your letter was forwarded to me …
  • … n.  5). CD sent the manuscript of Descent to the printers in August 1870 ( letter to John …
  • … Murray, 5 [August 1870] ). ‘Sal volatile’ is ammonium carbonate, often used as a smelling …
  • … regarded as an invalid (see letter to W.  D.  Fox, 18 February [1870] , and letter to J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 25 May [1870] ). According to Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR …

To Philip Lutley Sclater   30 August [1870]

Summary

Encloses, for publication, note about Pampas woodpecker, opposing W. H. Hudson [see 7354].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Philip Lutley Sclater
Date:  30 Aug [1870]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.383)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7311

Matches: 9 hits

  • … To Philip Lutley Sclater   30 August [1870] …
  • … Society (Mss.B.D25.383) Charles Robert Darwin Down 30 Aug [1870] Philip Lutley Sclater …
  • … CUL (see Marginalia 1: 595). Hudson 1870 , p.  159. CD added a reference to Hudson’s …
  • … viuda de Ibarra. Hudson, William Henry. 1870. On the ornithology of Buenos Ayres. [Letters …
  • … 24 March, 26 May, 23 June, 1 and 15 November, and 6 December 1870] Proceedings of the …
  • … of London . At the 24 February and 24 March 1870 meetings of the society, letters from …
  • … which never climbs a tree’ ( Origin , p.  184; see Hudson 1870 , p.  112, and also n.   …
  • … 4, below). See Hudson 1870 , p.  158. For CD’s observations of woodpeckers in South …
  • … Zoological Society of London (1870): 87–9, 112–14, 158–60, 332–4, 545–50, 671–3, 748–50, …

From Benjamin Clarke   1 November [1870]

Summary

Sends CD some Indian corn seeds to demonstrate the extreme effect sometimes producible on progeny by the mutilation of a parent.

Writes of a recent book.

Author:  Benjamin Clarke
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  1 Nov [1870]
Classmark:  DAR 261.11: 26 (EH 88206077)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5662

Matches: 10 hits

  • … From Benjamin Clarke    1 November [1870] …
  • … DAR 261.11: 26 (EH 88206077) Benjamin Clarke unstated 1 Nov [1870] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … Bibliography Clarke, Benjamin. 1870. On systematic botany and zoology, including a new …
  • … to the ‘power of God’ was added to the 1870 publication. Both poems were signed B.C. …
  • … humans among the Mammalia as follows ( Clarke 1870 , p.  44): By including Bimana in this …
  • … s. under the heading ‘B.  Clarke. Syst. Bot. & Zooly. ’ for 20 October 1870. Clarke refers …
  • … systematic botany and zoology ( Clarke 1870 ). The botanical part of the work had already …
  • … vol.  15, letter from Benjamin Clarke, 12 March 1867 ) but not published until 1870 ( …
  • … Clarke 1870 ). CD’s donation to the Relief Fund of the Royal Society of London is referred …
  • … London ( Post Office London directory 1870). On the verso of the title page of Clarke  …

From William Ogle   [10–17 November 1870]

Summary

Relates instances of rabbits suffering from a condition which affects only the patches of white on their fur.

Will make observations on the platysma for CD.

Author:  William Ogle
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [10–17 Nov 1870]
Classmark:  DAR 173: 4
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7365

Matches: 8 hits

  • … From William Ogle   [10–17 November 1870] …
  • … DAR 173: 4 William Ogle London, Clarges St, 34 [10–17 Nov 1870] Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … pp.  298–303. Variation. Jeffries Wyman . See letter to William Ogle, 17 November [1870] . …
  • … relationship between this letter and the letters to William Ogle , 9 November 1870  and …
  • … 17 November [1870] . …
  • … Letter to William Ogle, 9 November 1870 See letter to …
  • … William Ogle, 9 November 1870  and n.  3. …
  • … See letter to William Ogle, 9 November 1870 , and Ogle 1870a , p.  283 n.  1. The …
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Darwin in letters,1870: Human evolution

Summary

The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The whole of the year at work on the Descent of Man & Selection in relation to Sex’.  Descent was the culmination of over three decades of observations and reflections on…

Matches: 29 hits

  • … The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The …
  • … machine’  ( letter to Charles Lyell, 25 December [1870] ). Finishing Descent; …
  • … some weeks’  ( letter to Albert Günther, 13 January [1870] ). Darwin was still working hard on …
  • … I shall be’  ( letter to H. E. Darwin, [8 February 1870] ). She had previously read proof-sheets …
  • … shd. turn parson?’ ( letter to H. E. Darwin, [8 February 1870] ). Henrietta disagreed: ‘Certainly …
  • … of man!’ ( letter from H. E. Darwin, [after 8 February 1870] ). Darwin was also encouraged …
  • … sense of mankind’ ( letter to F. P. Cobbe, 23 March [1870?] ). Cobbe accused Darwin of smiling in …
  • … great philosophy?’ ( letter from F. P. Cobbe, 28 March [1870?] ). Humans as animals: ears …
  • … [1868] ; this volume, letter to Thomas Woolner, 10 March [1870] ). Darwin included Woolner’s …
  • … findings ( letter from James Crichton-Browne, 15 March 1870 ). Indeed, Darwin noted the same …
  • … bane of existence!’ ( letter to William Ogle, 9 November 1870 ). Researching expression: …
  • … spirits were white ( letter from W. W. Reade, 9 November 1870 ). Keen for more evidence of …
  • … hurting it much?’ ( letter to A. D. Bartlett, 5 January [1870] ). Darwin made a similar request of …
  • … not succeed’ ( letter to James Crichton-Browne, 8 June [1870] ). Darwin’s queries were part …
  • … of a baby’s brows ( letter from L. C. Wedgwood, [5 May 1870] ). He also wrote to a leading Dutch …
  • … on this subject’  ( letter from F. C. Donders, 17 May 1870 ). Human evolution: debates and …
  • … more fully in a collection of essays published in April 1870 (Wallace 1870a). Wallace wrote to …
  • … naturalist’ (letter to A. R.Wallace, 26 January [1870]). Despite their increasing …
  • … in one sense rivals’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 20 April [1870] ). Darwin alluded here to the …
  • … No one but yourself’ ( letter from H. W. Bates, 20 May 1870 ). Darwin very rarely used the …
  • … never  write reviews’ ( letter to H. W. Bates, [22 May 1870] ). St George Jackson Mivart …
  • … to answer objectors’ ( letter to W. H. Flower, 25 March [1870] ). In his letters to Mivart, Darwin …
  • … on the Primates’ ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 23 April [1870] ). He also tried to recruit Mivart’s …
  • … lump of granite’ ( letter from St G. J. Mivart, 22 April 1870 ). Mivart hinted that his …
  • … his “origin” ( letter from St G. J. Mivart, 25 April 1870 ). In his critical essays (later revised …
  • … Charles Darwin et ses précurseurs français  (Quatrefages 1870), that gave a detailed account, as …
  • … many others’  ( letter to Armand de Quatrefages, 28 May [1870] ). Quatrefages had …
  • … discord’  ( letter from Armand de Quatrefages, 30 March 1870 ). In proposing Darwin for election, …
  • … them’  ( letter from Armand de Quatrefages, 18 July 1870 ). The assertion had been made by Emile …

Darwin’s queries on expression

Summary

When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…

Matches: 12 hits

  • … Brooke, C.A.J. 30 Nov 1870 Sarawak, Borneo …
  • … Crichton-Browne, James 15 March 1870 West Riding …
  • … Crichton-Browne, James 18 March 1870 Down, Kent, …
  • … Donders, F.C. 27 May 1870 Utrecht, Netherlands …
  • … Forbes, David 13 June 1870 Portman Square, London W. …
  • … Nicol, Patrick 13 May 1870 Sussex Lunatic Asylum, …
  • … Reade, Winwood W. [c.8 or 9 Apr 1870] Accra, West …
  • … Reade, Winwood W. 4 June 1870 Lagos, Africa …
  • … Reade, Winwood W. 3 Sept 1870 Conservative Club, St …
  • … Reade, Winwood W. 9 Nov 1870 11 St Mary Abbot's …
  • … Weale, J.P.M. [25 May 1870] Bedford, Cape of Good …
  • … Weir, J.J. 27 June 1870 Blackheath, London, England …

Women as a scientific audience

Summary

Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … Letter 7124 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E., [8 February 1870] Darwin seeks Henrietta’s …
  • … Letter 7329 - Murray , J. to Darwin, [28 September 1870] Written shortly before …
  • … Letter 7331 - Darwin to Murray, J., [29 September 1870] Darwin asks Murray to …
  • … Letter 7177 - Cupples, G. to Darwin, [29 April 1870] George Cupples tells Darwin about a …

Francis Darwin

Summary

Known to his family as ‘Frank’, Charles Darwin’s seventh child himself became a distinguished scientist. He was an undergraduate at Trinity College, Cambridge, initially studying mathematics, but then transferring to natural sciences.  Francis completed…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … honours in the natural sciences tripos in December 1870. The small amount of surviving …
  • … I appear to you’ (letter to Francis Darwin,  18 October [1870] ). Subsequently Francis …

Jane Gray

Summary

Jane Loring Gray, the daughter of a Boston lawyer, married the Harvard botanist Asa Gray in 1848 and evidence suggests that she took an active interest in the scientific pursuits of her husband and his friends. Although she is only known to have…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … behaviour of her dog (letter from J. L. Gray, 14 February 1870 ), she also passed on information …

Casting about: Darwin on worms

Summary

Earthworms were the subject of a citizen science project to map the distribution of earthworms across Britain (BBC Today programme, 26 May 2014). The general understanding of the role earthworms play in improving soils and providing nutrients for plants to…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … on my mind’ ( letter to W. T. Preyer, 17 February [1870 ])) that without earthworms aerating the …

Francis Galton

Summary

Galton was a naturalist, statistician, and evolutionary theorist. He was a second cousin of Darwin’s, having descended from his grandfather, Erasmus. Born in Birmingham in 1822, Galton studied medicine at King’s College, London, and also read mathematics…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … more litters & no happy results”, he wrote on 26 April 1870 . In the following year, Galton …

Capturing Darwin’s voice: audio of selected letters

Summary

On a sunny Wednesday in June 2011 in a makeshift recording studio somewhere in Cambridge, we were very pleased to welcome Terry Molloy back to the Darwin Correspondence Project for a special recording session. Terry, known for his portrayal of Davros in Dr…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … of Descent (letter to H. E. Darwin, [8 February 1870] ). Audio of more …

Darwin and Gender Projects by Harvard Students

Summary

Working in collaboration with Professor Sarah Richardson and Dr Myrna Perez, Darwin Correspondence Project staff developed a customised set of 'Darwin and Gender' themed resources for a course on Gender, Sex and Evolution first taught at Harvard…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … grateful I shall be.”(Letter to Darwin, H. E., [8 Feb 1870] ) Although Miranda acknowledges that …

Cross and self fertilisation

Summary

The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … depends’ ( From Fritz Müller, 15 June 1869 ). By May 1870, Darwin reported that he was ‘rearing …
  • … of English fertile plants’ ( To Fritz Müller, 12 May 1870 ). From a fairly early stage in …

Experimenting with emotions

Summary

Darwin’s interest in emotions can be traced as far back as the Beagle voyage. He was fascinated by the sounds and gestures of the peoples of Tierra del Fuego. On his return, he started recording observations in a set of notebooks, later labelled '…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … of thought and volition ( letter from Frans Donders, 28 May 1870 ). The orbicular muscles and …
  • … I trust him’ ( letter to James Crichton Browne, 8 June 1870 ). The practice of witnessing had long …

John Lubbock

Summary

John Lubbock was eight years old when the Darwins moved into the neighbouring property of Down House, Down, Kent; the total of one hundred and seventy surviving letters he went on to exchange with Darwin is a large number considering that the two men lived…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … ideas to humans.  After his election as MP for Maidstone in 1870, Lubbock tried at Darwin’s request …
  • … Lubbock’s Origin of civilisation , published in 1870 as Darwin was completing Descent, was …
  • … good of my internal viscera’ ( to John Lubbock, 21 July [1870] ). It seems what principally gave …

Evolution: Selected Letters of Charles Darwin 1860-1870

Summary

This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific colleagues around the world; letters by the critics who tried to stamp out his ideas, and by admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … you owe any more … Darwin to his son Francis, 1870. …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Letter 7179 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [5 May 1870] Darwin’s niece, Lucy, …
  • … Letter 7124 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E., [8 February 1870] Darwin seeks Henrietta’s …
  • … Letter 7123 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E., [March 1870] Darwin thanks his daughter, …

3.16 Oscar Rejlander, photos

Summary

< Back to Introduction Darwin’s plans for the illustration of his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) led him to the Swedish-born painter and photographer, Oscar Gustaf Rejlander. Rejlander gave Darwin the notes that he had…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Photograph: Authenticity, Science and the Periodical Press, 1870 – 1890 (London and New York: …

Photograph album of Dutch admirers

Summary

Darwin received the photograph album for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from his scientific admirers in the Netherlands. He wrote to the Dutch zoologist Pieter Harting, An account of your countrymen’s generous sympathy in having sent me on my…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … & I feel deeply for you. ( Letter to F. C. Donders, 19 May 1870 )     …

Darwin in public and private

Summary

Extracts from Darwin's published works, in particular Descent of man, and selected letters, explore Darwin's views on the operation of sexual selection in humans, and both his publicly and privately expressed views on its practical implications…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 7123 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E., [March 1870] Darwin thanks his daughter, …
  • … Letter 7329 – Murray, J. to Darwin, [28 September 1870] Written shortly before the …

Science: A Man’s World?

Summary

Discussion Questions|Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth-century women participated in the world of science, be it as experimenters, observers, editors, critics, producers, or consumers. Despite this, much of the…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 7314 - Kovalevsky, S. to Darwin, [1 September 1870] Sophia Kovalevsky accepts …
  • … Letter 7329 - Murray, J. to Darwin, [28 September 1870] Written shortly before the …

Darwin on race and gender

Summary

Darwin’s views on race and gender are intertwined, and mingled also with those of class. In Descent of man, he tried to explain the origin of human races, and many of the differences between the sexes, with a single theory: sexual selection. Sexual…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Key letters : Letter to H. E. Darwin, [8 February 1870] Letter from Mary Treat, …

Moral Nature

Summary

In Descent of Man, Darwin argued that human morality had evolved from the social instincts of animals, especially the bonds of sympathy and love. Darwin gathered observations over many decades on animal behavior: the heroic sacrifices of social insects,…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 7145 : Darwin to Cobbe, F. P. 23 March [1870?] Darwin met the religious writer and …
  • … Letter 7149 : Cobbe, F. P. to Darwin, 28 March [1870?] "I more than suspect you of a …
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