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Julia Wedgwood
Summary
Charles Darwin’s readership largely consisted of other well-educated Victorian men, nonetheless, some women did read, review, and respond to Darwin’s work. One of these women was Darwin’s own niece, Julia Wedgwood, known in the family as “Snow”. In July…
Matches: 14 hits
- … to his work. One of the foremost was his niece, Julia Wedgwood. She was the eldest child of …
- … on religion and Eliot’s irregular private life. Wedgwood’s The Moral Ideal , the outcome …
- … management and free her to devote her time to her work. Emma Darwin was irritated by Wedgwood family …
- … said, “to have been something larger than I am”. Wedgwood’s reactions to Darwin’s work went …
- … of Science”, about On the Origin of Species . Wedgwood welcomed Darwin’s discoveries and sought …
- … rare event with my critics”. ( Charles Darwin to F. J. Wedgwood, 11 July [1861] .) Wedgwood …
- … of its authorship. (The other was by Alfred Wallace.) In it Wedgwood largely avoided the debate on …
- … her conclusion she reclaimed Darwin as a Theist. When Fanny Wedgwood disclosed the review’s …
- … of sexual selection] with approbation.” ( Charles and Emma Darwin to F. J. Wedgwood, [March 1871?] …
- … religion in the biography of him Frank Darwin was preparing, Wedgwood was invited by her cousin, …
- … sons rejected it as not what Darwin had written and Wedgwood stepped back from the continuing family …
- … caused great offence to the Darwin sons but was accepted by Emma Darwin, with whom Wedgwood remained …
- … the head”. Sources: Sue Brown, Julia Wedgwood, the unexpected Victorian: the …
- … Nineteenth Century Series, 2022) Jose Harris, ‘Wedgwood, (Frances) Julia (1833–1913)’, …
Engagement to Emma Wedgwood
Summary
Darwin proposes to his cousin, Emma Wedgwood, and is accepted
Matches: 1 hits
- … Darwin proposes to his cousin, Emma Wedgwood, and is accepted …
List of correspondents
Summary
Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent. "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…
Matches: 25 hits
- … (1) Athenæum (11) Atkin, J. R. (1) …
- … (3) Bosquet, J. A. H. de (11) Bostock, John …
- … (2) Breitenbach, Wilhelm (11) Brent, B. P. …
- … (2) Bunbury, C. J. F. (11) Bunbury, F. J. …
- … (1) Caspary, Robert (11) Cassell Petter & …
- … (40) Crick, W. D. (11) Crier, John …
- … (1) Crocker, C. W. (11) Crocq, Jean …
- … Elizabeth (9) Darwin, Emma (191) …
- … (1) Dobell, H. B. (11) Dobson, G. E. …
- … (7) Farrar, F. W. (11) Farrer, T. H. …
- … Hermenegildo (1) Gisborne, Emma (1) …
- … (280) Gray, G. R. (11) Gray, J. E. …
- … J.-B. P. (1) Gärtner, Emma (2) …
- … (1) Harvey, W. H. (11) Harward, John …
- … (289) Hyatt, Alpheus (11) Hyndman, G. C. …
- … (1) Lewes, G. H. (11) Lewin, Friend …
- … (3) Lynch, R. I. (11) Lónyay, Menyhért …
- … (1) Morgan, L. H. (11) Morley, John …
- … Niven, James (1) Nixon, Emma (1) …
- … Peel, Jonathan (5) Pender, Emma (1) …
- … (3) Shaw, James (11) Shaw, Robert (3 …
- … (4) Sowerby, G. B. (11) Sowerby, G. B., Jr …
- … (1) Strickland, H. E. (11) Struthers, John …
- … (2) Wedgwood, Elizabeth (11) Wedgwood, Emma …
- … Wrigley, Alfred (8) Wuttke, Emma (1) …
Henrietta Darwin's diary
Summary
Darwin's daughter Henrietta kept a diary for a few momentous weeks in 1871. This was the year in which Descent of Man, the most controversial of her father's books after Origin itself, appeared, a book which she had helped him write. The small…
Matches: 4 hits
- … on the expression of emotion (see letters from F. J. Wedgwood to H. E. and C. R. Darwin, [1867–72], …
- … written one of Descent (see letter from Charles and Emma Darwin to F. J. Wedgwood, [March 1871?] …
- … be a good wife I have indeed neglected my 10 talents. 11 July 5th. A beautiful day …
- … . 10 Bradshaw’s railway guide . 11 For the biblical parable of the talents …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 7 hits
- … her observations on the expression of emotion in dogs with Emma Darwin. Letter 8676 …
- … Letter 5756 - Langton, E. & C. to Wedgwood S. E., [after 9 November 1868] Darwin …
- … Letter 4928 - Henslow, G. to Darwin, [11 November 1865] J. S. Henslow’s son, George, …
- … E. to Darwin, W. E., [January 23rd 1887]: Emma Darwin tells her eldest son, William, …
- … Letter 2461 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [11 May 1859] Darwin expresses anxiety over …
- … E. to Darwin, W. E. , (March, 1862 - DAR 219.1:49) Emma Darwin updates her son, William, …
- … is a great critic”, thought the article worth reprinting, Emma was less convinced. Letter …
Dining at Down House
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Dining, Digestion, and Darwin's Domestic Life While Darwin is best remembered for his scientific accomplishments, he greatly valued and was strongly influenced by his domestic life. Darwin's…
Matches: 11 hits
- … In addition to sharing a tender relationship with his wife Emma, Darwin played an active role in the …
- … traveling on horseback while ill. Letter 465 —Emma Wedgwood (Emma Darwin) to Charles …
- … agreeable” for her sake. Letter 3626 —Emma Darwin to T. G. Appleton, 28 June [1862] …
- … Letter 3597 —Darwin to Joseph Dalton Hooker, 11 June [1862] Among bits of family news and …
- … on the difficulties of finding a suitable cook. Emma Darwin to Henrietta Darwin, [4 …
- … among other things, for Darwin’s complaints. Emma Darwin to Henrietta Darwin, [14 April …
- … who was travelling in the south of France at the time, Emma describes typical nineteenth-century …
- … Scottish medium, Daniel Dunglass Home, with Galton. Emma Darwin to Henrietta Darwin, [4 …
- … taste of Darwin's life at Down House, recreate recipes from Emma Darwin's cookbook and …
- … food that Darwin ate, using authentic recipes from his wife Emma Darwin’s cookbook. Our menu …
- … were particularly intrigued by this letter written from Emma to Charles before they were married …
Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 14 hits
- … backwards much more than forwards’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ). I feel …
- … review me in a hostile spirit’ ( letter to John Murray, 11 August 1874 ). Darwin was …
- … Correspondence vol. 20, letter to St G. J. Mivart, 11 January [1872] ). To Darwin’s relief, …
- … satisfaction. Assisted in the wording by his wife, Emma, and daughter Henrietta, he finally wrote a …
- … a comfortable cabin ( see letter from Leonard Darwin to Emma Darwin, [after 26 June -- 28 September …
- … to become Darwin’s secretary. They rented Down Lodge and Emma Darwin wrote, ‘They have . . . made …
- … the average in prettiness & snugness’ ( letter from Emma Darwin to J. B. Innes, 12 October …
- … letter to Down School Board, [after 29 November 1873] ). Emma saw a ‘great blessing’ in the rumour …
- … dead uncle’s position of vicar of Deptford ( letter from Emma Darwin to J. B. Innes, 12 October …
- … the moment of being hatched ( letter to Nature , 7 and 11 May [1874] ; Spalding 1872a). …
- … & that must be enough for me’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ). Plants that eat . …
- … cartilage, bone & meat &c. &c.’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ). His research …
- … Correspondence vol. 21, letter from Francis Darwin, [11 October 1873] ). Darwin wasted …
- … the photograph he sent highly ( letter from D. F. Nevill, [11 September 1874] ). At the …
1.1 Ellen Sharples pastel
Summary
< Back to Introduction The earliest surviving portrayal of Darwin, who was born on 12 February 1809, is this pastel or chalk drawing by Ellen Wallace Sharples. He is shown kneeling chivalrously before his sister Catherine (born in 1810), in the kind…
Darwin’s queries on expression
Summary
When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…
Matches: 10 hits
- … Blair, R.H. 11 July 1871 Worcester College for the …
- … Chaumont, F.S.B.F. de 11 March 1871 Woolston, …
- … Abbey Place, London, England letter to Emma Darwin baby expression …
- … Penmaenmawr, Conway, Wales letter to Emma Darwin infant daughter …
- … 9 Nov 1870 11 St Mary Abbot's Terrace, London, England …
- … 1 Feb 1871 11 St Mary Abbot's Terrace, London, England …
- … 7 Sept 1872 11 St Mary Abbot's Terrace, London, England …
- … 1 Feb. 1871 11 Saint Mary Abbot's Terrace, Kensington. W., London, …
- … Sulivan, B.J. 11 Jan 1867 Bournemouth, England …
- … Wallace, A. R. 11 March [1867] 9 St. Mark’s Crescent …
Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small
Summary
In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…
Matches: 13 hits
- … rather the best of the fight’ ( letter from G. F. Crawte, 11 March 1882 ). The battle apparently …
- … and was no longer able to take his daily strolls (Henrietta Emma Litchfield, ‘Charles Darwin’s death …
- … a ‘Glycerin Pepsin mixture’ (letters to W. W. Baxter, 11 March 1882 and 18 March [1882 ]). …
- … E. Litchfield to G. H. Darwin, 17 March 1882 (DAR 245: 319)) Emma wrote ten days later: ‘You will …
- … been a good deal plagued with dull aching in the chest’ (Emma Darwin to G. H. Darwin, [ c . 28 …
- … benefit & he escaped pain entirely yesterday’ (letter from Emma Darwin to G. H. Darwin, 6 April …
- … immediately wrote to George, who had visited Down on 11 April (Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). …
- … H. Darwin, [19 April 1882] (DAR 245: 320)). It was left to Emma to convey the sorrowful news to his …
- … which I hope were never very violent’ ( letter from Emma Darwin to J. D. Hooker, [20 April 1882 …
- … they were the most overflowing in tenderness’ (letter from Emma Darwin to W. E. Darwin, 10 May 1882 …
- … was eagerly awaited by his family, including his cousin Emma Wedgwood. In long letters to her sister …
- … plied him with questions without any mercy’ ( letter from Emma Wedgwood to F. E. E. Wedgwood, [28 …
- … man’s private property’ ( letter to George Warington, 11 October [1867] ). Respecting the …
Darwin’s observations on his children
Summary
Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children, began the research that culminated in his book The Expression of the emotions in man and animals, published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, published in Mind…
Matches: 26 hits
- … an aspect of Darwin’s character clearly perceived by Emma during their engagement: ‘You will be …
- … period but in far less detail. By September 1844, Henrietta Emma was one year old, and there are a …
- … 1850; and Horace, born 18 May 1851. It appears to have been Emma who resumed the observations on the …
- … the notebook and, with the exception of two brief entries by Emma, made all the notes until July …
- … certainly during first fortnight at sudden sounds. & at Emma’s moving 3 [11] When …
- … & inwards as in sleep.[14] Six weeks old & 3 days, Emma saw him smile—not only with …
- … his eyes becoming fixed & the movements of his arms ceasing. Emma argues that his smiles were …
- … made in the little noises he was uttering that he recognized Emma by sight when she came close to …
- … been caused by the novelty of the situation producing fear. Emma thinks that when he was vaccinated …
- … after each scream approaches it.— 8 Between 11 & 12 weeks old in smiling. I observe …
- … with moisture, but not enough to run over April 11 th . It appeared to me that the Baby …
- … lifts up & wrinkles lower eyelids.— 11 [22] April 19 th . Knew Anne,[23] most …
- … whole expression appearing pleased.— Recognizes Emma Anne & myself perfectly— does not find …
- … April 4 14wks & 1 day. 11 – 12 May 16 …
- … weight of clothes 1lb Wed Oct 11 …
- … Lady” were repeated.— 26 th . Cried, when Emma left off playing the pianoforte.— Did this …
- … Anny says Papa pretty clearly—[40] A few days ago Emma gave her doll, but she sensibly shuddered, …
- … to play with in farther part of room, she immediately led Emma by the hand towards the tea-chest. I …
- … on quite suddenly.—[43] On the 13 th . of March Emma positively ascertained that what the …
- … only difference between our door N o 12 and N o 11 is in the slit for the Letter box.— he …
- … things & when choleric he will hurl books or sticks at Emma. About a month since; he was running …
- … “oh kind Doddy” “kind Doddy”— April 2 d . Emma had left her handkerchief on the other side …
- … a flower said. “I’ve a fact to do” 52 June 11./55/ Lenny came with a piece of rag & …
- … [1] The observations are in DAR 210.11.1, a vellum-covered notebook inscribed with the initials of …
- … [6] Correspondence vol. 2, letter from Emma Wedgwood, [23 January 1839] . [7] …
- … Erasmus was Emma and CD’s first child. [11] The first paragraph on this page was written in …
Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life
Summary
1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time. And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth. All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…
Matches: 14 hits
- … life in Down House measured by the ongoing tally of his and Emma’s backgammon games. ‘I have won, …
- … to think of the future’, Darwin confessed to William on 11 September just hours after Amy’s …
- … naturalist Thomas Edward ( letter from F. M. Balfour, 11 December 1876 ; letter to Samuel Smiles …
- … was never far away in the Darwin family. In April, while Emma was suffering from a feverish cold, …
- … In the same month, Darwin heard that his sister Caroline Wedgwood continued to languish in …
- … associated with a happy event. On 7 September, Charles and Emma became grandparents for the first …
- … who died at the age of 10 in 1851, but William, who was 11 years old at the time of her death, would …
- … you are one of the best of all’ ( letter to W. E. Darwin, 11 September [1876] ). …
- … August to be with her daughter at the time of the birth, and Emma was unimpressed by her. ‘The more …
- … word she says’, she confided to Henrietta (letter from Emma Darwin to H. E. Litchfield, [31 August …
- … ability to console Francis after Amy’s death gained Emma’s respect. ‘She is always able to speak’, …
- … of Darwin’s recently completed autobiography (letter from Emma Darwin to W. E. Darwin, [13 September …
- … do I cannot conceive’, Darwin wrote anxiously to Hooker on 11 September. By the time Darwin …
- … & his wife (very pleasing) & a Prof. Romer came to lunch’, Emma Darwin reported to Leonard …
Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms
Summary
‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…
Matches: 9 hits
- … could laugh’ ( letter from W. E. Darwin to Charles and Emma Darwin, 22 July 1880 ). Sales …
- … Butler, 3 January 1880 ). At the top of Butler’s letter, Emma Darwin wrote: ‘it means war we think’ …
- … my excitement’ ( letter from Horace Darwin to Emma Darwin, [18 September 1880] ). Darwin’s …
- … October 1880 ). The president of the society explained to Emma that the members of the union wished …
- … …“Come of Age”‘ ( letter from W. C. Williamson to Emma Darwin, 2 September 1880 ). In April, …
- … since the Origin appeared”‘ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 11 [April] 1880 ). While praising Origin …
- … through natural selection’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 11 May 1880 ). Worthy causes In …
- … year was marked by the loss of several close family members. Emma’s brother Josiah Wedgwood III died …
- … Surrey, which became a regular destination for Charles and Emma, and also a site of scientific …
Darwin in letters, 1872: Job done?
Summary
'My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, 'is so nearly closed. . . What little more I can do, shall be chiefly new work’, and the tenor of his correspondence throughout the year is one of wistful reminiscence, coupled with a keen eye…
Matches: 5 hits
- … St George Jackson Mivart ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 11 January [1872] ). A worsening …
- … Mivart not to acknowledge it ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 11 January [1872] ). 'I hate …
- … attacks on Darwin became notorious, had written on 11 May expressing concern that his recently, …
- … well informed: `The die is cast’, he wrote excitedly on 11 May , when the matter was first raised …
- … out such a litany of ill health to one correspondent that Emma protested: `My wife commands me to …
Darwin in letters, 1871: An emptying nest
Summary
The year 1871 was an extremely busy and productive one for Darwin, with the publication in February of his long-awaited book on human evolution, Descent of man. The other main preoccupation of the year was the preparation of his manuscript on expression.…
Matches: 4 hits
- … Arthur Nicols, 7 March 1871 ; letter from B. J. Sulivan, 11 March 1871 ; letter from Hermann …
- … home, Leith Hill Place in Surrey, and CD’s niece Lucy Wedgwood collected and weighed the dried …
- … & sherry’ ( letter from H. E. Litchfield to Charles and Emma Darwin, [5 November 1871] ). Her …
- … a ‘venerable old Ape’ ( letter from D. Thomas, [after 11 March 1871] ). Descent and …
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
Summary
On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
Matches: 8 hits
- … Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864 : ‘the venerable beard gives …
- … continue his observations indoors ( Correspondence vol. 11). In a letter of [27 January 1864] …
- … garden, taking notes by dictation. His niece Lucy Caroline Wedgwood sent observations of …
- … household news, were sometimes written by Darwin’s wife, Emma, or by Henrietta. Darwin’s own replies …
- … case of Dimorphism’ in Menyanthes ( letter from Emma and Charles Darwin to W. E. Darwin, [20 …
- … two letters to the Athenæum ( Correspondence vol. 11). Darwin’s anxiety about the matter was …
- … and the question of human origins ( Correspondence vol. 11). Wallace, however, traced a possible …
- … he saw few people outside the family and, according to Emma Darwin’s diary and his own ‘Journal’, …
1.2 George Richmond, marriage portrait
Summary
< Back to Introduction Few likenesses of Darwin in his youth survive, although more may once have existed. In a letter of 1873 an old Shrewsbury friend, Arthur Mostyn Owen, offered to send Darwin a watercolour sketch of him, painted many years…
Matches: 12 hits
- … House, celebrated his marriage in January 1839 to his cousin Emma Wedgwood; the one of Darwin is …
- … theories. As early as February 1839, Elizabeth Wedgwood had written to her sister Emma: ‘My …
- … Italy – or would a portrait by Holmes be preferable?’ Emma in response promised, ‘I will go and get …
- … not return from Italy until August or September 1839. Josiah Wedgwood himself wrote to his daughter …
- … arranging ‘to send you Richmond’s pictures of self and Emma’: ‘self’ presumably means Charles, and …
- … was being assembled, so that both the Darwin and the Wedgwood families would have one. It is …
- … lent Richmond’s watercolour drawings of Charles and Emma, with a note that the one of Charles had an …
- … – the only one she knew about – to 1840. However, in Emma Darwin: A Century of Family Letters …
- … 1862 (DCP-LETT-3474). Erasmus Darwin, letter to Charles, 11 Oct. [1866] (DCP-LETT-5238). Arthur …
- … Murray, 1887), vol. 3, p. 371. Henrietta Litchfield (ed.), Emma Darwin: A Century of Family …
- … Cambridge University Press, 1909), p. 4, nos. 10 and 11. Nora Barlow (ed.), Charles Darwin’s Diary …
- … University Press, 1933), frontispiece. Barbara and Hensleigh Wedgwood, The Wedgwood Circle 1730 …
Religion
Summary
Design|Personal Belief|Beauty|The Church Perhaps the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same can be said of the evolution controversy today; however the nature of the disputes and the manner in…
Matches: 5 hits
- … Letter 3342 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 11 Dec [1861] Darwin writes to Gray about politics …
- … members of his own family. Letter 441 — Wedgwood, Emma to Darwin, C. R., [21–22 Nov …
- … conscientious doubts”. Letter 471 — Darwin, Emma to Darwin, C. R., [c. Feb 1839] …
- … Letter 5004 — Darwin, C. R. to Shaw, James, 11 Feb [1866] Darwin thanks James Shaw for the …
- … Letter 1536 — Darwin, C. R. to Lubbock, J. W. (b), 11 Oct [1853] Darwin gives his opinion to …
Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex
Summary
The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…
Matches: 9 hits
- … the enthusiastic breeder, who apologised in a letter of 11–13 May 1868 for his ‘voluminuous zeal …
- … Weir, 30 May [1868] ). Sexual selection On 11 February , Darwin wrote to the …
- … views differed. Of deer-hounds, Cupples wrote between 11 and 13 May , ‘much depends on the …
- … at Cambridge, George Robert Crotch, writing to his mother Emma in a letter dated [after 16 October …
- … Langton wrote from the south of France to Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood on 9 Novembe r, describing …
- … and received a number of reports from family members. Emma Darwin’s niece, Cicely Mary Hawkshaw, …
- … old daughter Katherine ( letter from C. M. Hawkshaw to Emma Darwin, 9 February [1868] ). Darwin’s …
- … ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 1 September [1868], n. 11 ). ‘I am not sure’, Darwin reflected in a …
- … other national papers, and within a few days Darwin and Emma were receiving letters of …
Women as a scientific audience
Summary
Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…
Matches: 5 hits
- … Letter 2461 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [11 May 1859] Darwin expresses anxiety over …
- … E. to Darwin, W. E. , (March 1862 - DAR 219.1:49) Emma Darwin updates her eldest son, …
- … to Darwin, E., [8 November 1872] Ann Cupples asks Emma to pass on thanks to Darwin for …
- … work. Letter 5861 - Blyth, E. to Darwin, [11 February 1868] Zoologist …
- … Letter 9633 - Nevill, D. F. to Darwin, [11 September 1874] Dorothy Nevill tells …
