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List of correspondents

Summary

Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent.    "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…

Matches: 26 hits

  • … (1) Abney, W. de W. (3) Accademia dei Lincei …
  • … (1) Ainslie, O. A. (3) Airy, Hubert …
  • … (4) Alberts, Maurice (3) Albrecht, R. F. …
  • … (1) Ambrose, J. L. (3) American Academy of …
  • … (1) Anderson, James (c) (3) Anderson-Henry, …
  • … (1) Badger, E. W. (3) Baer, K. E. von …
  • … (1) Balch, C. L. (3) Baldwin, J. D. …
  • … (5) Ball, Robert (3) Ball, Valentine …
  • … (1) Beal, W. J. (3) Beale, L. S. (2) …
  • … G. E. (1) Beaufort, Francis (5) …
  • … (1) Beddoe, John (3) Beger, Karl (2) …
  • … (66) Bergson, Edouard (3) Bergstedt, C. F. …
  • … (4) Blake, C. C. (3) Blanche (2) …
  • … (1) Blewitt, Octavian (3) Blomefield, Leonard …
  • … Boole, M. E. (3) Boott, Francis (7) …
  • … Darwin, Emma (191) Darwin, Francis (287) …
  • … Everest, Robert (1) Ewbank, Francis (1) …
  • … Fox, W. D. (225) Francis, George (1) …
  • … Galton, Erasmus (1) Galton, Francis (118) …
  • … Archibald (1) Lloyd, Francis (1) …
  • … Parker, Charles (2) Parker, Francis (1) …
  • … Walford, Edward (2) Walker, Francis (6) …
  • … George (2) Warner, Francis (1) …
  • … F. M. (2) Wedgwood, Francis (4) …
  • … (2) Wemyss-Charteris-Douglas, Francis (1) …
  • … White, Adam (2) White, Francis Buchanan (3) …

Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots

Summary

Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…

Matches: 24 hits

  • alongside a botanical interest in roots, as he and his son Francis carried out their latest
  • alas, very dull & has disappointed me much’ ( letter to Francis Galton, 15 [June 1879] ). Even
  • Horaces marriage settlement ( letter from W. M. Hacon, 31 December 1879 ). Seventy years
  • with Charles Darwin and Ernst Haeckel. Kosmos was, as Francis Darwin reported from Germany that
  • the children correctly’, mentioning in particular that Francis Galton was the son of one of Erasmus
  • to contradict false statements that had been published by Francis Galtons aunt, Mary Anne
  • for Captain Robert FitzRoy on the Beagle voyage, Francis Beaufort of the Admiralty described the
  • and poet’ ( Correspondence vol. 1, letter from Francis Beaufort to Robert FitzRoy, 1 September
  • … ( letter from V. H. Darwin, 28 May [1879] ). On the Galton side of the family, Elizabeth Anne
  • perplexed than ever about life of D r . D’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, 12 July [1879] ). It was
  • in plants. Over the previous two years, he and his son Francis had worked together on the
  • of radicles, the embryonic roots of seedlings ( letter to Francis Darwin, 16 June [1879] ). …
  • to continue experiments on the sensitivity of radicles. Francis experienced obstacles from the start
  • views on heliotropism to such an extent that he implied that Franciss experiments werehardly
  • that it came from a specific gland in the leaf. This struck Francis asbosh’, but, he complained to
  • were sensitive ( letter from Francis Darwin to Emma Darwin, 30 June 1879 ). It was this experiment
  • but not yet approved ( letter from Francis Darwin, [before 31 July 1879] ). Francis evidently
  • Francis also purchased a gift for his son Bernard (nearly 3 years old and variously called Abbadubba
  • progress with all the pride of a fond grandfather. On 3 June, he wrote , ‘Bernard has been very
  • to get to Coniston’ ( letter from Francis Darwin, [before 31 July 1879] ). Darwin advised
  • they mean by God—.’ Undaunted, Mengden wrote again on 3 June to ask Darwin, ‘what definition of
  • … ‘Darwinism in Germany’ ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 30 August 1879 ). However, the pleasure was
  • enabled by these funds and some specimens to Darwin on 30 April 1879 , telling him that he was
  • the book, the response from readers was gratifying. Francis Galton read the book with the greatest

Darwin in letters, 1872: Job done?

Summary

'My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, 'is so nearly closed. . .  What little more I can do, shall be chiefly new work’, and the tenor of his correspondence throughout the year is one of wistful reminiscence, coupled with a keen eye…

Matches: 10 hits

  • … more I can do, shall be chiefly new work’ ( letter to Francis Galton, 8 November [1872] ), and the …
  • … duck  most beautiful’ ( letter from A. R. Wallace, 3 March 1872 ). I consider that you …
  • … because I do it badly’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 3 August [1872] ).  Darwin's …
  • … , and he complained to the German zoologist Anton Dohrn on 3 February that Mivart’s book had ' …
  • … drawings shortly afterwards ( letter from Samuel Butler to Francis Darwin, [before 30 May 1872] , …
  • … Nature  in Wallace’s defence ( letter to  Nature  , 3 August [1872] ).  Although the two …
  • … the claims of spiritualists, and Darwin, through his cousin Francis Galton, had with some interest …
  • … however, incorporated in the second edition, produced by Francis Darwin after his father’s death. …
  • … new name on the list of volunteers: by the beginning of May, Francis Darwin, the Darwins’ third son, …
  • … more ‘ she observed ( letter from S. H. Haliburton, 3 November [1872] ). They reminisced about …

Darwin's in letters, 1873: Animal or vegetable?

Summary

Having laboured for nearly five years on human evolution, sexual selection, and the expression of emotions, Darwin was able to devote 1873 almost exclusively to his beloved plants. He resumed work on the digestive powers of sundews and Venus fly traps, and…

Matches: 21 hits

  • Cross and self fertilisation  (1876). Darwins son Francis became increasingly involved in this
  • from within the family, and he was clearly delighted by Franciss decision. A large portion
  • in animals. The subject was brought closer to home by Francis Galtons work on inherited talent, …
  • Poisons and electrocution . . . His son Francis was assisting the histologist Edward Emanuel
  • of medical research in London. On the advice of Klein, Francis obtained a new microscope for his
  • on botany, he drew more on assistance from his son Francis. While visiting his fiancée, Amy Ruck, in
  • notes and take tracings of their burrows” ( letter from Francis Darwin, 14 August [1873] ). …
  • … [1873] ).  Shortly afterwards, it was arranged for Francis to rent a house in the village (Down
  • to H. E. Litchfield, 20 February 1873 ). The surgeon Francis Stephen Bennet Francois de Chaumont, …
  • of inheritance!” ( letter to F. S. B. F. de Chaumont, 3 February [1873] ). Some readers
  • civilisation and good breeding ( letter from Henry Reeks, 3 March 1873 ). Robert Swinhoe
  • of the disease ( letter to James Crichton-Browne, 30 December 1873 ). Instinct  In
  • some with his finger ( letter to  Nature , [before 3 April 1873] ). Moggridge suggested the
  • of instinct and inheritance when he was asked by his cousin Francis Galton to participate in a study
  • to encourage interbreeding among thenaturally gifted” (Galton 1873a). Darwin was sympathetic to
  • and investing money very well” ( letter to Francis Galton, 28 May 1873 ). Among character traits, …
  • his own character, he asked his sons to complete the list. Francis added to his fathers virtues: …
  • and difficulties”. Later in the year, Darwin learned from Francis Maitland Balfour that Dohrn had
  • offend his father ( enclosure to letter from T. H. Huxley, 3 December 1873 ).  In April, …
  • of one of these longish breaks, Darwin wrote to his son Francis, “I am in an idiotic state of
  • the passage of purgatory” ( letter from Andrew Clark, 3 September 1873 ). Revising

Darwin in letters, 1881: Old friends and new admirers

Summary

In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began writing about all the eminent men he had met. He embarked on this task, which formed an addition to his autobiography, because he had nothing else to do. He had…

Matches: 21 hits

  • … of the false accusation’. Other friends rallied round. Francis Balfour translated Krause’s account …
  • … had been a major undertaking for both Darwin and his son Francis, who assisted in the many …
  • … he would publish, although he was sending his printers ‘in 3 or 4 weeks the M.S. of a quite small …
  • … of their behaviour were trustworthy ( letter to Francis Galton, 8 March [1881] ). Although results …
  • … July, sending the pages to Germany for further checks by Francis Darwin, who was spending the summer …
  • … Ruskin, who lived there. Sending the last two chapters to Francis on 27 May , Darwin wrote, …
  • … to begin any new subject requiring much work’, he told Francis Darwin on 30 May . ‘I have been …
  • … case.’ An additional motivation may have been to support Francis Darwin’s published research on …
  • … Darwin tried a variety of plants and reagents, telling Francis on 17 October , ‘I have wasted …
  • … up the job; but I cannot endure to do this’, Darwin told Francis on 9 November ,  and writing …
  • … of the universe and its development. Darwin told Graham on 3 July ,  ‘It is a very long time …
  • … Cambridge Scientific Instrument Company led Darwin to chide Francis for giving a klinostat designed …
  • … supporters, and rejoiced in his election. Promoting Francis’s own botanical research was as …
  • … on 27 January for not commending papers presented by Francis at the Linnean Society the previous …
  • … realised was ‘incumbent’ upon him), Darwin, certain that Francis had not been offended, stated, ‘I …
  • … letter to Asa Gray, 29 January 1881 ). While Francis was working in de Bary’s …
  • … him contained not only botanical matters but also news about Francis’s 5-year-old son, Bernard. Just …
  • … say “Mr. Dada you must go home at once”’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, 20 May 1881 ). Francis tried …
  • … be marching if they were put in her pocket’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, 25 May [1881] ). Two days …
  • … book were from those who had received presentation copies. Galton wrote on 9 October , ‘I wish …
  • … On 9 November, Darwin told Francis , ‘I have thought of 3 good experiments v. Wiesner,—two of …

Animals, ethics, and the progress of science

Summary

Darwin’s view on the kinship between humans and animals had important ethical implications. In Descent, he argued that some animals exhibited moral behaviour and had evolved mental powers analogous to conscience. He gave examples of cooperation, even…

Matches: 10 hits

  • bear to put a live worm on a hook (‘Recollections’, pp. 358, 388). Darwins concern for animals
  • encounter with vivisection came in 1870-71 when his cousin Francis Galton undertook a long series of
  • particles (‘gemmules’) dispersed throughout the body. Galton acquired different breeds of rabbits
  • surgically joining the bodies of different breeds together. Galton reported regularly to Darwin on
  • his theory to apply to plants. He added, however that Galtons experiments wereextremely curious’, …
  • … ( letter to Nature , [before 27 April 1871] ). When Galton could no longer look after the
  • the poor creatures a home at Down, only to return them to Galton as required for further cross
  • however, and he advised against repeating the procedures of Galton: With respect to your
  • represent?’ ( Illustrations of Vivisection , 1887, p. 3). These were not exceptional experiments
  • To bring more solidarity to the field, Darwins son Francis, and a number of his close colleagues

Darwin in letters, 1878: Movement and sleep

Summary

In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his attention to the movements of plants. He investigated the growth pattern of roots and shoots, studying the function of specific organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of…

Matches: 21 hits

  • … organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of experiments …
  • … of most advanced plant laboratories in Europe. While Francis was away, Darwin delighted in …
  • … (see Movement in plants , pp. 112–13). He explained to Francis on 2 July : ‘I go on maundering …
  • … out that he missed sensitiveness of apex’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, [11 May 1878] ). …
  • … the bassoon & apparently more by a high than a low note.’ Francis apparently played the musical …
  • … on plant movement were intensely collaborative, with Francis playing a more active role than ever. …
  • … exchanged when they were apart. At the start of June, Francis left to work at Sach’s laboratory in …
  • … ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 18 June [1878] ). While Francis was away, Darwin sent regular …
  • … to talk to, about my work, I scribble to you ( letter to Francis Darwin, 7 [July 1878] ). Two …
  • … is horrid not having you to discuss it with’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, 20 [July 1878] ). …
  • … topics and dictating experimental method and design. Francis seems to have been allowed to work more …
  • … cells of oats to determine whether they had chlorophyll, Francis reported ( letter from Francis
  • … that could not easily be obtained at Down House, but Francis thought Horace’s abilities were a match …
  • … well made.’ (Jemmy or Jim was Horace’s nickname.) Francis was occasionally struck by Sachs’s …
  • … every day & never the bedded out one’ ( letter from Francis Darwin, [after 7 July 1878] ). …
  • … to dismiss work that contradicted his own. Darwin asked Francis to test the results of the Polish …
  • … Moschkau concluded, but it was sold to a vicar and ‘after 3 months his cat ate it.’ Darwin also …
  • … the right’ and referred him to recent work by Francis Galton on selective breeding. He still thought …
  • … that such checks had been in action during the last 2 or 3 centuries, or even for a shorter time in …
  • … ). ‘When I first read your note’, Darwin replied on 3 February [1878] , ‘I thought that you had …
  • … much of the European crop (see Correspondence vol. 3, letter to J. S. Henslow, 28 October …

Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms

Summary

‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…

Matches: 9 hits

  • … Kingdom, & even the world’ ( letter from J. L. Chester, 3 March 1880 ). Darwin’s sons George …
  • … regret that I did not do so’ ( letter to Samuel Butler, 3 January 1880 ). At the top of Butler’s …
  • … It is a horrid disease’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 3 February 1880 ). All went quiet until …
  • … Mr Butler whatever.’ Power of movement With Francis’s assistance, the last of Darwin’s …
  • … letter … made me open my eyes’, Gray replied on 3 February , but he affirmed his original …
  • … of the nervous system, and the nature of ‘sensitivity’. Francis Balfour described Movement in …
  • … the intake of stones and flints to aid digestion. He asked Francis to check for castings on old …
  • … rightly thought the ‘queer subject’ of interest to Francis Galton, who had already taken thumb …
  • … William’s interest in geology, and longed to see Francis elected fellow of the Royal Society. He …

3.1 Antoine Claudet, daguerreotype

Summary

< Back to Introduction This daguerreotype of Darwin with his firstborn child, William, was, according to a label on the glass, taken on 23 August 1842, just before the family moved from London to Down. It is generally attributed to the French…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … When it was reproduced in Karl Pearson’s Life of Francis Galton in 1930, its owner was still …
  • … the Darwin archive, it was inherited by her son Sir Charles Galton Darwin. It has subsequently …
  • … notes on the reverses indicating provenance of the original. Francis Darwin (ed.), The Life and …
  • … 58–59. Karl Pearson, The Life, Letters and Labours of Francis Galton , 4 vols (Cambridge: …
  • … at https://nationalheritagescienceforum.wordpress.com/2016/03/12 . J. van Wyhe, ‘Iconography’, pp …

Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life

Summary

1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time.  And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth.  All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…

Matches: 18 hits

  • … 2490 games’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 28 January 1876 ). Francis Darwin, happily established in Down …
  • … the first member of the next generation of the family, with Francis and Amy’s child expected in …
  • … beloved daughter-in-law and relief from his anxiety about Francis. By the end of the year there was …
  • … for an hour every afternoon, Darwin finished his account on 3 August with his new research in mind: …
  • … ( Correspondence vol. 23). With the voting scheduled for 3 February, Darwin reassured his close …
  • … subject takes an opposite line’. Although he conceded that Francis had the best of an argument with …
  • … to propose the young rising star of Cambridge morphology, Francis Maitland Balfour, for fellowship …
  • … of the earliest available commercial models of typewriter. Francis Darwin and his wife, Amy, …
  • … that in less than a day he could type no more than ‘ 2 or 3 times as slowly as writing ’ (DAR 258: …
  • … point, and he was reliant on his son George and cousin Francis Galton for the calculations. ‘I have …
  • … in their research. He revelled in the praise heaped on Francis by George Henry Lewes for an article …
  • … chemical pycrotoxine in vivisection experiments ( letter to Francis Darwin, [1 May 1876] ). Darwin …
  • … 2 May [1876] ). Darwin even cautioned the otherwise healthy Francis, ‘Take care and do not overwork …
  • … first time to a large and healthy boy, the son of Amy and Francis. Just four days later, Darwin had …
  • … son William sought comfort. He expressed his anxiety that Francis was too young to care for the baby …
  • … a practical stoicism in the face of death, and it was Francis’s mother-in-law, Mary Anne Ruck, who …
  • … equal ‘for goodness & kindness of heart’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, 16 September [1876] ). …
  • … by the pollen from another form ( Forms of flowers , p. 3). Darwin adopted new terminology if it …

Darwin in letters,1870: Human evolution

Summary

The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The whole of the year at work on the Descent of Man & Selection in relation to Sex’.  Descent was the culmination of over three decades of observations and reflections on…

Matches: 8 hits

  • … its frequency and variability in humans ( Descent  1: 22-3). Humans as animals: facial …
  • … furrows radiating on the side of the neck of his son Francis when he was playing the flute. …
  • … Darwin received a string of letters from his cousin Francis Galton, reporting on his efforts to …
  • … by breaking adjacent veins into one’ ( letter from Francis Galton, 25 June 1870 ). Occasionally …
  • … the latest litters has a white forefoot’  ( letter from Francis Galton, 12 May 1870 ). But in …
  • … an old fellow as I daresay I appear to you Francis completed his studies at Cambridge, …
  • … an old fellow as I daresay I appear to you’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, 18 October [1870] ). …
  • … he informed his father ( letter from G. H. Darwin, [3 February 1870 or earlier] ). George devoted …

Darwin in letters, 1875: Pulling strings

Summary

‘I am getting sick of insectivorous plants’, Darwin confessed in January 1875. He had worked on the subject intermittently since 1859, and had been steadily engaged on a book manuscript for nine months; January also saw the conclusion of a bitter dispute…

Matches: 13 hits

  • … to the subject of cross and self-fertilisation. On 3 October , he wrote with fresh enthusiasm to …
  • … other interested parties. Darwin was summoned to testify on 3 November. It caused him much anxiety, …
  • … Darwin had become acquainted with Klein when his son Francis was studying medicine in London. Klein …
  • … for printing an additional 250 ( letter to John Murray, 3 May 1875 ). In the event, the …
  • … performed on animals in previous years by Darwin’s cousin Francis Galton. These had been …
  • … manuscripts and proofs, Darwin now relied heavily on his son Francis, who had made the decision in …
  • … wrote, ‘I beg ten thousand pardon & more’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, [ c . February 1875?] …
  • … plants , and moved on to Variation 2d ed., Francis signed himself, ‘Your affect son … the …
  • … weekly publications of Natural History’, he explained on 3 June , ‘are not sufficiently …
  • … 219.1: 89). The most eminent of Darwin’s guests was Francis, duke of Teck, a German prince …
  • … time I can talk to anyone’ ( letter to John Lubbock, 3 May [1875] ). Finally it was arranged for …
  • … Darwin could not keep up, and on 22 July , he had Francis reply: ‘My Father desires me to say …
  • … on 2 December, the same meeting at which Romanes and Francis Darwin were made fellows. But Thiselton …

Cross and self fertilisation

Summary

The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…

Matches: 8 hits

  • … advantage to plants to intercross’ ( To Thomas Meehan, 3 October 1875 ). Hermann Müller had also …
  • … 8 January 1876] ). It was his cousin, the statistician Francis Galton, who provided a statistical …
  • … to publish the report in the introduction to the book ( To Francis Galton, 13 January [1876] ). …
  • … 6 June 1876] ). The project proved to be too complex and Francis Darwin later recalled, ‘the …
  • … birth of Darwin’s first grandchild, a son born to Amy and Francis Darwin on 7 September, suddenly …
  • … if, as I expect, you find it too much for you’ ( To Francis Darwin, 16 September [1876] ). Francis
  • … have accepted all, though some slightly modified’ ( To Francis Darwin, 20 September [1876] ). …
  • … ‘Your corrections are very good & very useful’ ( To Francis Darwin   25 September [1876] ). …

Dining at Down House

Summary

Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Dining, Digestion, and Darwin's Domestic Life While Darwin is best remembered for his scientific accomplishments, he greatly valued and was strongly influenced by his domestic life. Darwin's…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … luncheon fare. Letter 8296 —Darwin to Francis Galton, 21 April [1872] In this …
  • … did he leverage his poor health to his benefit? 3. How (if at all) do you think gender …

Darwin’s reading notebooks

Summary

In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…

Matches: 16 hits

  • … are not found listed here. The description given by Francis Darwin of his father’s method of …
  • … to be available to scholars using the archive. Books that Francis Darwin had kept were left to his …
  • … Surgeons [DAR *119: 1] Books to be Read 3 “Traité de la Folie des …
  • … on Annals of Nat. Hist. [Jenyns 1838] Prichard; a 3 d . vol [Prichard 1836–47] Lawrence [W. …
  • … ou Traité de Tératologie, par I. Geoffroy-Saint Hilaire, 3 vols. 8vo. et atlas de 20 planches. ibid, …
  • … 1828] 31 An analysis of British Ferns. G. W. Francis 4 s  [Francis 1837]— plates of …
  • … Vol 2 & 3. } 20 th . Galtons Tour in S. Africa [Galton 1853] good Aug 23. Moore …
  • … Smith life [S. Smith 1855] Galtons Art of Travelling [Galton 1855] March 13 th  2 d …
  • … work is listed again on p. [22]. 44  Probably Francis Boott. 45  Edward …
  • … Africa . London.  *119: 18v.; 119: 14a Bacon, Francis. 1825–36.  The works of Francis
  • … ed. London. [Darwin Library.]  128: 12 Castelnau, Francis, Comte de. 1846. M. de Castelnau …
  • … of   Linnæus . n.p.  119: 4a Davis, John Francis. 1852.  China, during war and since …
  • … the Second.  London. [Other eds.]  119: 17b Francis, George William. 1837.  An analysis …
  • … of J. Galt . 2 vols. London.  119: 21b Galton, Francis. 1853.  The narrative of an …
  • … Cowper . 4 vols. London.  119: 5a Head, Francis Bond. 1834.  Bubbles from the Brunnens …
  • … Leonard, ed. 1843.  Memoirs and correspondence of   Francis Horner.  Edited by Leonard Horner. 2 …

3.3 Maull and Polyblank photo 2

Summary

< Back to Introduction Despite the difficulties that arose in relation to Maull and Polyblank’s first photograph of Darwin, another one was produced, this time showing him in three-quarter view. It was evidently not taken at the same session as the…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … the dating of Darwin portraits, claimed in his Life of Francis Galton that the photograph was …
  • … The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin (1887), edited by Francis Darwin (with a caption querying …
  • … to illustrate an article on Darwin’s botanical work by Francis Darwin. It was adapted for a …
  • … durch natürliche Züchtung , 2 nd German ed. from 3 rd English ed. of Origin , transl. H.G. …
  • … ‘A reminiscence of Mr. Darwin’ [by James Hague]. Francis Darwin, ‘The botanical work of Darwin’, in …
  • … p. 1, B3. Karl Pearson, The Life, Letters and Labours of Francis Galton , 3 vols (Cambridge: …

Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours

Summary

Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…

Matches: 19 hits

  • botany was increasingly a collaborative affair with his son Francis, who had moved back to Down
  • with his research: ‘I now know on fairly good evidence of 39 genera, in 14 Families, which include
  • producing both pollen and seeds’ ( Forms of flowers , p. 344). Darwin was typically pessimistic
  • In the end, Darwin did not publish on the subject, but Francis later reported some of the results of
  • 25 August 1877 ). At Down House, Darwin and Francis devised a method of recording leaf
  • with thread, card, and bits of glass. Encouraging Francis Darwin greatly enjoyed
  • eminent German botanist Ferdinand Julius Cohn, who confirmed Franciss observations: ‘the most
  • Infusoria’ ( letter from F. J. Cohn, 5 August 1877 ). Franciss paper eventually appeared in the
  • Darwin had written to the editor Ernst Ludwig Krause on 30 June 1877 , ‘I have been much
  • remain for centuries to come’ ( letter from C. C. Graham, 30 January 1877 ). Graham then gave a
  • to be horsewhipped by a duke!’ ( letter to J. M. Rodwell, 3 June 1877 ). Back home, he learned
  • had visited Down House and become friendly with George and Francis. He wrote to Francis on 24
  • … ‘As fornatural selection”’, he wrote to Francis on 25 November , ‘frankly to me it now seems a
  • for he began to receive petitions from strangers. The writer Francis Lloyd, who was in poor health
  • for his further work. Lloyd had written a critique of Francis Galtons theory of heredity in 1876, …
  • will allow me to send you a cheque for £10’ ( letter to [Francis Lloyd], 1 May [1877] ). Another
  • enclose my marriage present’, Darwin wrote to William on 3 October , ‘I fear that Sara will think
  • In the end, Darwin made the journey along with Emma. George, Francis, and Horace also attended. The
  • measure the rate at which stones were buried ( letter from Francis Darwin, [28 October 1877?] ). …

3.8 Leonard Darwin, interior photo

Summary

< Back to Introduction Leonard Darwin, who created the distinctive image of his father sitting on the verandah at Down House, also portrayed him as a melancholy philosopher. His head, brightly lit from above, emerges from the enveloping darkness; he…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … in the Illustrirte Zeitung of Leipzig in 1882 . Francis Darwin lent the woodburytype of …
  • … press’, Occasional Papers from the RHS Lindley Library 3 (July 2010), pp. 6-83, fig. 22. A copy …

Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small

Summary

In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…

Matches: 16 hits

  • … of any one plant or animal!’ ( letter to Henry Groves, 3 April 1882 ). He wrote to an American in …
  • … microscope affects my heart’ ( letter to Henry Groves, 3 April 1882 ). Earthworms and …
  • … (Emma Darwin to G. H. Darwin, [ c . 28 March 1882] (DAR 210.3: 45)). Huxley urged Darwin to …
  • … a real cordial to me.— I have felt better today than for 3 weeks & have had as yet no pain.— …
  • … from Emma Darwin to G. H. Darwin, 6 April 1882 (DAR 210.3: 46)). Despite his declining condition, …
  • … about an earthworm from Venezuela ( letter to Adolf Ernst, 3 April 1882 ). He sent a cheque for a …
  • … us this our modest request!’ ( letter from J. L. Ambrose, 3 April 1882 ). Darwin immediately sent …
  • … at an early age was encouraged by Darwin. He wrote to Francis: ‘I say nothing about the loss to …
  • … a small tribute of respect’ (letter from John Lubbock to Francis Darwin, 20 April 1882 (DAR 215: 10n …
  • … my intruding myself on you’ ( letter to Wilhelm Dunker, 3 March [1850] ). In the mid-1850s, …
  • … of ice dams causing glacial lakes was presented by Thomas Francis Jamieson in a paper to the …
  • … Darwin’s views on eugenics, a term coined by his cousin Francis Galton, were mixed, partly owing to …
  • … years of Darwin’s life show his increasing attachment to Francis, as father and son worked together …
  • … no one to talk to, I scribble this to you’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, [1 August 1878] ). …
  • … from Charlotte Papé, 16 July 1875 ). She now addressed Francis, who could best appreciate the …
  • … and nothing too small’ (letter from Charlotte Papé to Francis Darwin, 21 April 1882, DAR 215: 7k). …

1.3 Thomas Herbert Maguire, lithograph

Summary

< Back to Introduction This striking portrait of Darwin, dating from 1849, belonged to a series of about sixty lithographic portraits of naturalists and other scientists drawn by Thomas Herbert Maguire. They were successively commissioned over a…

Matches: 4 hits

  • of Darwins head from the Maguire print appears in one of Francis Galtons family albums. Maguire
  • computer-readable date 1849-01-01 to 1849-12-31  
 medium and material lithograph, …
  • now housed at the National Archives, Kew, GALTON/1/1/12/3/1. ‘Our weekly gossip’, Athenaeum , no. …
  • of Electrical Engineers, 19912012), vol. 4, pp. 305306, letter 2433. Report onBritish
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