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Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 22 hits
- … The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early …
- … dispute over an anonymous review that attacked the work of Darwin’s son George dominated the second …
- … intervals’ ( letter to D. T. Gardner, [ c . 27 August 1874] ). The death of a Cambridge friend, …
- … and collecting beetles ( letter from W. D. Fox, 8 May [1874] ). Such reminiscences led Darwin to …
- … much more than forwards’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ). I feel very old & …
- … old & helpless’ ( letter to B. J. Sulivan, 6 January [1874] ). Darwin mentioned his poor …
- … on the matter ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 26 October 1874 ). Séances, psychics, and …
- … opportunity to contact the spirit world. While Darwin was in London, his son George organised a …
- … Joseph Dalton Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 18 January [1874] ). Later in the month, …
- … John Tyndall, professor at and superintendent of the Royal Institution of Great Britain was informed …
- … suggested having him removed as secretary of the Linnean Society ( letter From J. D. Hooker, 29 …
- … of June, Darwin’s fourth son, Leonard, who had joined the Royal Engineers in 1871, went to New …
- … he had with Hubert Airy, the son of the Astronomer Royal, George Biddell Airy, to help Leonard gain …
- … Ruck, the sister of a friend of Leonard Darwin’s in the Royal Engineers, on 23 July 1874. The newly …
- … by botanists from Kew and around the country, and by London chemists and animal physiologists. …
- … physiologists at the Brown Animal Sanatory Institution in London, who performed comparative animal …
- … Dionaea (Venus fly trap) to help with his lecture at the Royal Institution ( letter to J. S. …
- … Balfour; Darwin offered to try to get it exhibited at a Royal Society of London soirée (see …
- … his time in China, in his candidacy for election to the Royal Society of London ( see letter to H. …
- … the colour of their surroundings to the Entomological Society of London ( letter from H. W. Bates, …
- … Charles Lyell’s plan to leave a bequest to the Geological Society of London and an annual medal ( …
- … February 1874 ), and honorary member of the Entomological Society of France ( letter to Eugène …
Darwin's 1874 letters go online
Summary
The full transcripts and footnotes of over 600 letters to and from Charles Darwin in 1874 are published online for the first time. You can read about Darwin's life in 1874 through his letters and see a full list of the letters. The 1874 letters…
Matches: 10 hits
- … The full transcripts and footnotes of over 600 letters to and from Charles Darwin in 1874 are …
- … In an anonymously published review, Mivart accused George of promoting views opposed to the …
- … are some other highlights from Darwin's correspondence in 1874: I feel as old as …
- … signifying so much. ( Letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ) At the age of 65, Darwin …
- … must be enough for me ( Letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ) During the year he …
- … the positive ( Letter to J. D. Hooker, 30 August [1874] ) – he mourned after several …
- … day’s work ( Letter to D. F. Nevill, 18 September [1874] ) Darwin’s family continued …
- … him from overwork. His son Leonard, an officer in the Royal Engineers, took part in the transit of …
- … have to do— ( Letter to J. D. Hooker, 30 November [1874] ) Darwin’s continuing …
- … how overworked Hooker was in his post as director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Darwin used …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 17 hits
- … In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to …
- … were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119) …
- … a few odd entries, the record ends. Both notebooks consist of two different sections, headed ‘Books …
- … Darwin’s copy of the catalogue of scientific books in the Royal Society of London (Royal Society of …
- … Library 1 Cambridge. Library 2 Royal Coll of Surgeons [DAR *119: 1] …
- … on the Horse in N. America— [Harlan 1835] Owen has it. & Royal Soc Lord Brougham Dissert. …
- … Transact 15 [ Transactions of the Horticultural Society ] Mr Coxe “view of the …
- … Transactions [ ?Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society ]: Asa Gray & Torrey …
- … [ Journal of the Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India ; Proceedings of the …
- … 1837] Transactions of the Caledonian Horticultural Society [ ?Memoirs of the Caledonian …
- … Transactions [ Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London ].— [DAR *119: 8v.] …
- … Transact [ Transactions of the Linnean Society of London ] Wernerian d[itt]o [ Memoirs …
- … ].— Brit. Agricult. Association [ Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England …
- … many facts List of Books at end of Catalogue of Royal Soc. [Royal Society of London 1839]— …
- … Man. Bailliere. 1.10 [Prichard 1843] must be studied . London Library read [DAR *119: …
- … of Hort Soc. [ Journal of the Horticultural Society of London ] must be read D …
- … design . (Bridgewater Treatise no. 4.) London. [9th ed. (1874) in Darwin Library.] 119: 5a …
Bibliography of Darwin’s geological publications
Summary
This list includes papers read by Darwin to the Geological Society of London, his books on the geology of the Beagle voyage, and other publications on geological topics. Author-date citations refer to entries in the Darwin Correspondence Project’s…
Matches: 12 hits
- … This list includes papers read by Darwin to the Geological Society of London, his books on the …
- … numbers refer to R. B. Freeman’s standard bibliography of Darwin’s works. —Extracts from …
- … for private distribution by the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 1 December 1835. [ Shorter …
- … by Capt. FitzRoy, R.N. Proceedings of the Geological Society of London 2 (1838): 446-9. [ …
- … neighbourhood of the Plata. Proceedings of the Geological Society of London 2 (1838): 542-4. [ …
- … study of coral formations. Proceedings of the Geological Society of London 2 (1838): 552-4. [ …
- … the formation of mould. Transactions of the Geological Society of London 2nd ser., pt. 3, 5 …
- … continents are elevated. Transactions of the Geological Society of London 2nd ser., pt. 3, 5 …
- … are of marine origin. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1839) pt 1: 39 …
- … seen on an iceberg in 61° south latitude. Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London 9 …
- … volcanic rocks with that of glaciers. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 2 (1844-50): …
- … Charles Darwin. Revised edition. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1874. [F275.] — The …
St George Jackson Mivart
Summary
In the second half of 1874, Darwin’s peace was disturbed by an anonymous article in the Quarterly Review suggesting that his son George was opposed to the institution of marriage and in favour of ‘unrestrained licentiousness’. Darwin suspected, correctly,…
Matches: 15 hits
- … In 1874, the Catholic zoologist St George Jackson Mivart caused Darwin and his son …
- … serious offence. Mivart had previously been a correspondent of Darwin’s, but had written hostile …
- … sheds light on Darwin’s anxiety about the respectability of his views and the views of those …
- … under the title ‘On beneficial restrictions to liberty of marriage’ in the Contemporary Review …
- … their reproductive choices would have an effect on future society. Francis Galton had written about …
- … appeared to have created very little stir, until, in July 1874, Mivart published an anonymous review …
- … of the Quarterly ( letter from G. H. Darwin, 29 July 1874 ). Darwin hastily advised against …
- … to wish to circulate ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 1 August [1874] ). Darwin provided a draft of the …
- … to endorse them ( letter from G. H. Darwin, 5 August 1874 ). He sent a second draft, which Darwin …
- … a fair copy of his letter with his letter of 6 [August] 1874 . George and Darwin were also …
- … George’s letter to Murray with his letter of 11 August 1874 , and was no doubt relieved to …
- … of power. (Hooker was president and Huxley secretary of the Royal Society of London.) …
- … criminality referred to would be most useful & beneficial to society as tending to limit …
- … having Mivart removed from the secretaryship of the Linnean Society of London, and was talking about …
- … that it would be improper for him, as president of the Royal Society, to act against Mivart, an …
James Crichton-Browne
Summary
James Crichton-Browne became one of the most distinguished psychiatrists of the late nineteenth-century, but the letters he exchanged with Charles Darwin as the young and overworked superintendent of the largest mental asylum in England, are almost the…
Matches: 7 hits
- … James Crichton-Browne became one of the most distinguished psychiatrists of the late nineteenth …
- … researched human emotional expression, and reveal the lives of Crichton-Browne's patients - …
- … a reputation as an energetic pioneer not only in the spheres of diagnosis and treatment, but also of …
- … Darwin had recently resumed work on what became Descent of Man and selection in relation to sex …
- … and writing Expression; he sent lists and lists of questions and received immensely detailed …
- … getting information on subjects such as the bristling of the hair, baring of teeth, and blushing, in …
- … support for an ambitious research programme; and in 1874, it was again Darwin’s turn to solicit help …
Darwin in letters, 1875: Pulling strings
Summary
‘I am getting sick of insectivorous plants’, Darwin confessed in January 1875. He had worked on the subject intermittently since 1859, and had been steadily engaged on a book manuscript for nine months; January also saw the conclusion of a bitter dispute…
Matches: 21 hits
- … I am merely slaving over the sickening work of preparing new Editions Plants …
- … species, and botanical research had often been a source of personal satisfaction, providing relief …
- … on a book manuscript for some nine months. The pleasures of observation and experiment had given way …
- … was also revising another manuscript, the second edition of Climbing plants , which he hoped to …
- … with fresh enthusiasm to the new assistant director at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, William …
- … Edwin Ray Lankester, who was up for election to the Linnean Society. The ‘malcontents’ of the …
- … attack upon Darwin’s son George, in an anonymous review in 1874 (see Correspondence vol. 22, …
- … Mivart was a distinguished zoologist, a fellow of the Royal Society of London, and a secretary of …
- … respecting codes of conduct and communication in scientific society. Huxley chose journalism, …
- … Hooker was hampered by his position as president of the Royal Society from spurning Mivart in public …
- … had also considered taking up the issue with Murray in 1874, even threatening to break off future …
- … when the chance arose. On 28 January , he sent a note on Royal Society business to Edward Burnett …
- … laid to rest, another controversy was brewing. In December 1874, Darwin had been asked to sign a …
- … opinion on vivisection, the government decided to appoint a Royal Commission to advise on future …
- … when performing a painful experiment ( Report of the Royal Commission on vivisection , p. 183). …
- … with Klein when his son Francis was studying medicine in London. Klein had assisted in some of …
- … A scientific friendship had developed between the men in 1874, and this was enhanced by Romanes’s …
- … her large private collection. She tried to meet Darwin in London on several occasions and finally …
- … quickly: ‘I do not see how I could get a sort of living Royal Duke out of my house within the short …
- … been appointed professor of zoology at University College, London. Darwin learned about the …
- … had helped to introduce Darwin to scientific society in London, and offered much advice on his early …
3.16 Oscar Rejlander, photos
Summary
< Back to Introduction Darwin’s plans for the illustration of his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) led him to the Swedish-born painter and photographer, Oscar Gustaf Rejlander. Rejlander gave Darwin the notes that he had…
Matches: 16 hits
- … Darwin’s plans for the illustration of his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals …
- … Rejlander gave Darwin the notes that he had himself made of human gestures and expressions. He also …
- … association had extended beyond work on The Expression of the Emotions. In April of that year, …
- … I gladly complied with his request to take several photos of me, and these I imagine he intends to …
- … that Darwin agreed to be photographed by Rejlander as a way of compensating him for the relatively …
- … photographed Darwin’s relatives on request. A family album of ‘cartes de visite’ now in the …
- … as William or Leonard Darwin, as well as the profile of Darwin himself. The reverse of the …
- … traits. Darwin is known to have met Rejlander in London in the first week of April 1871, …
- … by Rejlander in April 1871, and reproduced in the London Journal in June 1872. Darwin also sent …
- … as a steel engraving, which was published in Nature in 1874, and was included in Francis Darwin …
- … Apology for Art-Photography, read at a Meeting of the South London Photographic Society, February 12 …
- … Wood engraved vignette, paired with one of Huxley, in The London Journal , 55:1426 (8 June 1872), …
- … to the Subscribers to Nature no. 240 June 4 th 1874’. Wood engraving in The Graphic , XI:278 …
- … pp. xi-xii (DAR 140.1.5; also in the Lindley Library, Royal Horticultural Society). Wood engraving …
- … Darwin: The Power of Place. Volume II of a Biography (London: Jonathan Cape, 2002), p. 367. …
- … Science and the Periodical Press, 1870 – 1890 (London and New York: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 2020 …
Darwin and vivisection
Summary
Darwin played an important role in the controversy over vivisection that broke out in late 1874. Public debate was sparked when the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals brought an unsuccessful prosecution against a French physiologist who…
Matches: 19 hits
- … in the controversy over vivisection that broke out in late 1874. Public debate was sparked when the …
- … prosecution was unsuccessful, but it gave rise to a series of campaigns to increase public awareness …
- … It called upon the RSPCA to investigate the nature and scope of vivisections performed in physiology …
- … Darwin was sympathetic to the cause, but found some of Cobbe’s rhetoric inflammatory, and he …
- … ). Darwin also worried that any bill passed by a House of Commons largely ignorant of science might …
- … the event, Darwin became closely involved with the drafting of alternative legislation. Over the …
- … involved himself in public controversy and so the extent of his activity in the vivisection affair …
- … observation. But he had drawn extensively on the work of physiologists in his study of emotional …
- … In the course of the public debate, Emma wrote a letter to a London newspaper renewing her appeal …
- … J. S. Burdon Sanderson, 12 February 1875 ). Darwin was in London from 31 March to 12 April, and …
- … was approved by Huxley, Burdon Sanderson, and John Simon, a London pathologist and public health …
- … Dalton Hooker requesting his approval as president of the Royal Society of London (letter to J. D. …
- … a lengthy paragraph on the treatment of animals in human society, the pain and death they suffered …
- … to make an experiment on a live animal … ( Report of the Royal Commission on vivisection , …
- … Lyon Playfair, 27 May 1875 ). In his testimony before the Royal Commission (see below), Darwin …
- … on a living vertebrate animal ( Report of the Royal Commission on vivisection , Appendix III, pp. …
- … home secretary, Richard Cross, announced on 24 May that a Royal Commission would be appointed to …
- … Debates , 3d ser., vol. 224 (1875), col. 794). A Royal Commission was a standard governmental …
- … quoted in the committee’s final summary ( Report of the Royal Commission on vivisection , p. x), …
'An Appeal' against animal cruelty
Summary
The four-page pamphlet transcribed below and entitled 'An Appeal', was composed jointly by Emma and Charles Darwin (see letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, [29 September 1863]). The pamphlet, which protested against the cruelty of steel vermin…
Matches: 11 hits
- … 1863]). The pamphlet, which protested against the cruelty of steel vermin-traps, was privately …
- … 1863, `in the hope that it may have the desired effect of diminishing cruelty' ( Bromley …
- … title `Vermin and traps' ( Letter no. 4282). The wording of the letter to the Gardeners’ …
- … and historian William Howitt, drew attention to the scale of trapping on a game-preserving estate in …
- … campaign literature, made the gamekeeper the embodiment of cruelty. In common with the Darwins’ & …
- … the practice if they were confronted with the evidence (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty …
- … Darwin to J. D. Hooker, [7 December 1863]). Although none of the replies to the circular have …
- … towards a prize to be awarded under the auspices of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty …
- … Fox, 8 December [1863]). There is no surviving record of the subscription papers, or of Emma …
- … subscribe an amount, which she kindly placed at the disposal of your Committee' (p. 32). …
- … submitted in competition for the prize, was held at the Royal Horticultural Gardens, South …
Francis Galton
Summary
Galton was a naturalist, statistician, and evolutionary theorist. He was a second cousin of Darwin’s, having descended from his grandfather, Erasmus. Born in Birmingham in 1822, Galton studied medicine at King’s College, London, and also read mathematics…
Matches: 13 hits
- … and evolutionary theorist. He was a second cousin of Darwin’s, having descended from his grandfather …
- … in 1822, Galton studied medicine at King’s College, London, and also read mathematics at Trinity …
- … Africa (1850-52), completing a natural historical narrative of the journey (Galton 1853). Darwin …
- … on domestic animals in Africa. On receiving a copy of Origin , Galton remarked that reading the …
- … an entry on the Darwin family, including the “author of the Theory of Natural Selection”, two of …
- … . In the following year, Galton delivered a paper to the Royal Society claiming that his results …
- … to diverge from Darwin’s, however. He studied cases of twins and intellectual ability across …
- … in the reproductive organs, isolated from the effects of environment or habit. Galton shared his …
- … approach to heredity. Having dismissed the effects of culture on inborn nature, Galton went …
- … on these latter heads” ( 4 January [1873] ). Like most of his contemporaries, Darwin continued to …
- … that Galton prepared for his book English men of science: their nature and nurture (Galton 1874) …
- … ). Galton grew increasingly concerned about the fitness of the English nation through the over …
- … founding the Eugenics Research Office at University College, London in 1904. He died in 1911, having …
3.18 Elliott and Fry photos, c.1869-1871
Summary
< Back to Introduction The leading photographic firm of Elliott and Fry seems to have portrayed Darwin at Down House on several occasions. In November 1869 Darwin told A. B. Meyer, who wanted photographs of both him and Wallace for a German…
Matches: 16 hits
- … to Introduction The leading photographic firm of Elliott and Fry seems to have portrayed …
- … 1869 Darwin told A. B. Meyer, who wanted photographs of both him and Wallace for a German …
- … Darwin told Wallace that, among the available photographs of him, ‘I like best the profile of Ernest …
- … is a strong likeness & pleasing are now making some copies of for us’; but as yet he had none to …
- … and Fry evidently approached Darwin again in the spring of 1871, with a request that he would sit …
- … not think it worth their while, from a commercial point of view, to come down to Down House. They …
- … the firm’s photographer had produced more than one view of him, and in fact a group is known, …
- … 1871, but dates others (still with the spotted waistcoat) to 1874. Elliott and Fry were …
- … Table in November 1876. The Pictorial World of 6 June 1874 published a wood engraving which …
- … John Elliott and Clarence Edmund Fry, 55 Baker Street, London date of creation undated, …
- … taken in summer 1869 and summer 1871, possible also in 1874. computer-readable date c …
- … 140.1.9). Wood engraving in The Pictorial World (6 June 1874), p. 228 (DAR 140.1.3). Another …
- … for the Eclectic Magazine , in the collection of the Royal Society, London (image no. RS.11957). …
- … H. Baden Pritchard, The Photographic Studios of Europe (London: Piper and Carter, 1882), pp. 42 …
- … from the Collections of Studio Bassano and Elliott & Fry, London (London: Ash and Grant, 1975) …
- … Historical Embodiments of Natural Knowledge (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1998 …
3.8 Leonard Darwin, interior photo
Summary
< Back to Introduction Leonard Darwin, who created the distinctive image of his father sitting on the verandah at Down House, also portrayed him as a melancholy philosopher. His head, brightly lit from above, emerges from the enveloping darkness; he…
Matches: 16 hits
- … Leonard Darwin, who created the distinctive image of his father sitting on the verandah at Down …
- … There is here an obvious relationship to Ouless’s painting of Darwin, and to the photographs taken …
- … be associated with Leonard’s own personal recollections of his father. Darwin’s life, Leonard wrote, …
- … a kindly word or two, turned away’, as though incapable of talking further. ‘Then there suddenly …
- … eighty, but it reads like a commentary on his own photograph of Darwin. There seems to have been a …
- … University Magazine. Desmond and Moore, in their biography of Darwin, captioned it ‘about 1874’, …
- … (unspecified, and now absent) might refer to the portrait of Darwin, although a pencilled note on …
- … which Leonard himself sent to Anthony Rich, a great admirer of Darwin who insisted on bequeathing …
- … and illustrator, created a bold wood-engraved image of Darwin’s head and shoulders from Leonard’s …
- … observing philosopher, our one great prophet in the region of facts’. Leonard’s image was also …
- … this was for a wood engraving to illustrate an obituary of Darwin by Dr Otto Zacharias in the …
- … ‘Mr. Charles Darwin’, on pp. 477-8 (Lindley Library, Royal Horticultural Society). Cf. Brent Elliott …
- … of the photograph in the Galton archive, University College London, GALTON/1/1/3/7, ‘Photographs and …
- … Darwin: A Century of Family Letters, 1792-1896 , 2 vols (London: John Murray, 1915), vol. 2, p. 259 …
- … Features: Scientific and Medical Portraits 1660-2000 (London: Reaktion Books with the National …
- … Darwin: the Power of Place. Volume II of a Biography (London: Jonathan Cape, 2002), p. 363. …
Animals, ethics, and the progress of science
Summary
Darwin’s view on the kinship between humans and animals had important ethical implications. In Descent, he argued that some animals exhibited moral behaviour and had evolved mental powers analogous to conscience. He gave examples of cooperation, even…
Matches: 14 hits
- … mental powers analogous to conscience. He gave examples of cooperation, even compassion, across the …
- … 358, 388). Darwin’s concern for animals aligned with that of many of his countrymen, although it …
- … from needless suffering. In the mid-1870s, charges of inflicting pain on animals were brought …
- … as physiology became a profession and an integral part of medical and veterinary training. Darwin …
- … an animal enduring a painful experiment as an illustration of its tender and sympathetic nature: …
- … when his cousin Francis Galton undertook a long series of experiments on rabbits. The investigation …
- … throughout the body. Galton acquired different breeds of rabbits and tried to transfuse the blood of …
- … (all negative). He eventually presented his findings to the Royal Society, calling into question the …
- … years later, proof for pangenesis was sought in another set of experiments by George John Romanes. …
- … ). Eventually Romanes, who had worked on the nervous system of medusa, considered using animals. …
- … on plants’, Darwin conceded. ‘I think a large number of successful results will be necessary to …
- … can be chloroformed (letter to G. J. Romanes, 27 December 1874 ). In the previous sections …
- … (Huxley, Romanes, Galton) formed the Physiological Society. Darwin remained in the background. He …
- … Illustrations of vivisection. Philadelphia: American Society for the Restriction of Vivisection. …
John Lubbock
Summary
John Lubbock was eight years old when the Darwins moved into the neighbouring property of Down House, Down, Kent; the total of one hundred and seventy surviving letters he went on to exchange with Darwin is a large number considering that the two men lived…
Matches: 13 hits
- … old when the Darwins moved into the neighbouring property of Down House, Down, Kent; the total of …
- … that the two men lived as close neighbours for most of their lives. Lubbock's father, John …
- … childhood interest in natural history led to a number of significant contributions to the field. …
- … 26 March [1867] ) The most striking feature of the correspondence is how much of it is …
- … calculations on variation. Darwin made constant requests of Lubbock, bombarding him with questions …
- … for example the letters on fly pincers , the Report of the British Association , FitzRoy& …
- … but he provided drawings from Darwin's own dissections of ants, and references on variation in …
- … not for Reviews,’ Darwin wrote , ‘but for the opinion of men like you & Hooker & Huxley …
- … meeting in Oxford in 1860, proposed Darwin for the Royal Society's Copley Medal in 1862 and …
- … James Torbitt's research into potato blight. Lubbock was one of those consulted on strategy …
- … And relations with Darwin were not always easy. In 1874 Darwin asked Lubbock to sell him the piece …
- … influential people, arranged for him to meet a member of the royal family in the person of Francis, …
- … pleading: “I do not see how I could get a sort of living Royal Duke out of my house within the short …
Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life
Summary
1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time. And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth. All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…
Matches: 16 hits
- … I cannot bear to think of the future The year 1876 started out sedately enough with …
- … one or the other was away from Down. The usual rhythm of visits with family and friends took place …
- … Mivart made a slanderous attack on George Darwin in late 1874 in an anonymous article, which …
- … zoologist Edwin Ray Lankester was blackballed at the Linnean Society of London because of internal …
- … scientific reputation, but also to save the Linnean Society from the ‘utter disgrace’ of …
- … Lankester must have been cast by the ‘poorest curs in London’ ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, [4 …
- … had occupied Darwin for much of 1875. In January 1876, a Royal Commission report was published …
- … school at Cambridge University. The Physiological Society, which had been founded in March 1876 by …
- … what action to take. Burdon Sanderson was keen for the society’s secretary, George Romanes, to write …
- … paper on leaf-arrangement or phyllotaxy was sent to the Royal Society of London by Darwin because he …
- … ). Darwin recognised scientific skill in all levels of society. He not only offered to propose the …
- … Lawson Tait, a Birmingham gynaecologist. The decision by the Royal Society of London to reject a …
- … He already knew that Joseph Hooker, president of the Royal Society, who was also researching …
- … that I was not justified in refusing to send it to the Royal Soc, but it is now too clear that I shd …
- … of George’s work but intended to present it to the Royal Society. He was pleased that Horace was off …
- … while Emma was suffering from a feverish cold, Darwin’s London consultant Andrew Clark was called …
Francis Darwin
Summary
Known to his family as ‘Frank’, Charles Darwin’s seventh child himself became a distinguished scientist. He was an undergraduate at Trinity College, Cambridge, initially studying mathematics, but then transferring to natural sciences. Francis completed…
Matches: 10 hits
- … natural sciences tripos in December 1870. The small amount of surviving correspondence with his …
- … who was the wisest man I ever knew, thought it the duty of every man, young & old, to keep an …
- … [1870] ). Subsequently Francis studied medicine in London, working for a while with the …
- … He became engaged to Amy Ruck in 1872; the couple married in 1874. Francis was already living in …
- … all he is a Darwin and the chances are against any of our unfortunate family being fit for …
- … After Amy's death in 1876, a few days after the birth of their son, Bernard, Francis moved …
- … in Wurzburg. Francis Darwin was elected to the Royal Society in 1882, the year of his father …
- … botany in Cambridge. He was knighted in 1913, the year of his third marriage (his first two wives …
- … they had written a book on this topic together ( The Power of Movement in Plants, 1880). Perhaps …
- … reputation: in 1887 he published an edited version of his father’s autobiography, and in the same …
Insectivorous plants
Summary
Darwin’s work on insectivorous plants began by accident. While on holiday in the summer of 1860, staying with his wife’s relatives in Hartfield, Sussex, he went for long walks on the heathland and became curious about the large number of insects caught by…
Matches: 18 hits
- … plants began by accident. While on holiday in the summer of 1860, staying with his wife’s relatives …
- … on the heathland and became curious about the large number of insects caught by the common sundew ( …
- … myself with a few observations on the insect-catching power of Drosera; & I must consult you …
- … initially collected a dozen plants and found that over half of the leaves had the remnants of dead …
- … be an animal.’ ( Emma Darwin 2: 177) By the end of August he had ascertained that the …
- … chemists & can distinguish even an incredibly small quantity of any nitrogenised substance from …
- … the two men exchanging over twenty letters in the autumn of 1860 alone. Darwin started by asking …
- … (the venus flytrap) and stated that 1/1920 th part of a single grain of ammonia was all that was …
- … and tried to reproduce Darwin’s results on the reaction of Drosera leaves to various substances. …
- … a panic. I tried milk on 9 leaves thin Gelatine on 4 White of egg on 6 Saliva on 8 Urine on 11 Mucus …
- … ’ Darwin turned his attention to the mechanism of movement in Drosera and as he was ‘ so …
- … & into thick, viscid, dark red fluid. ’ By the end of November Darwin wrote to Charles …
- … present moment I care more about Drosera than the origin of all the species in the world… Is it not …
- … ’ Although he read a paper on Drosera at a meeting of the Philosophical Club of the Royal …
- … studied histology at the Brown Animal Sanatory Institution, London. In 1873 Darwin wrote to the …
- … to those found in an animal stomach . The director of the Royal College of Chemistry Edward …
- … substance . After many careful experiments, in May 1874 Darwin proudly reported to his cousin …
- … study of Drosera and Dionaea and in the summer of 1874 they compared the digestive power of …
Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small
Summary
In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…
Matches: 20 hits
- … in plant physiology, he investigated the reactive properties of roots and the effects of different …
- … between science and art, and the intellectual powers of women and men. He fielded repeated requests …
- … by early April, he was being carried upstairs with the aid of a special chair. The end came on 19 …
- … his brother Erasmus had been interred in 1881. But some of his scientific friends quickly organised …
- … In the end, his body was laid to rest in the most famous of Anglican churches, Westminster Abbey. …
- … pleasure. The year opened with an exchange with one of his favourite correspondents, Fritz Müller. …
- … for years, but he was always keen to learn more. One line of research was new: ‘I have been working …
- … slices, yet are found to differ greatly in the nature of their contents, if immersed for some …
- … of carbonate of ammonia on roots’, read at the Linnean Society of London on 6 and 16 March, …
- … by planting in apposition’, was read at the Linnean Society on 4 May, but not published. …
- … Collier in 1881 for a portrait commissioned by the Linnean Society. Collier sent Darwin a copy of …
- … vivisection debate in 1875, and had even testified before a Royal Commission that experiments …
- … 2, p. 2). His physician for some years was the prominent London practitioner Andrew Clark. On 9 …
- … I want you to do is to get one of the cleverer sort of young London Doctors such as Brunton or Pye …
- … life in the 1840s: his duties as secretary of the Geological Society, his work on geology, coral …
- … ). In May 1857, Darwin wrote to the secretary of the Royal Society, William Sharpey, with …
- … by Thomas Francis Jamieson in a paper to the Geological Society. Darwin was a referee for the paper …
- … from my continued ill-health has been my seclusion from society & not becoming acquainted with …
- … father confessor. ( Letter from Charles Lyell, 1 September 1874 .) Darwin’s fame continued …
- … ‘the imbecile, the maimed, and other useless members of society’. He regarded this as the highest …
Darwin in letters, 1878: Movement and sleep
Summary
In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his attention to the movements of plants. He investigated the growth pattern of roots and shoots, studying the function of specific organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of…
Matches: 13 hits
- … I think we have proved that the sleep of plants is to lessen injury to leaves from radiation …
- … son Bernard, occasionally comparing the mental faculties of the two-year-old with those of a monkey. …
- … ( Movement in plants , pp. 96–7). As usual, staff at the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, were …
- … [1878] ). When a wealthy businessman tried to commission a Royal Academy sculptor (Henry Pinker) to …
- … required, to define the rectitude of adding a new member to society’ ( letter from G. A. Gaskell, …
- … himself.’ Darwin considered writing to the Philadelphia Society, but instead took up the matter …
- … criticising a paper on geological time recently given at the Royal Society of London by Samuel …
- … to referee a paper by Haughton on the same topic for the Royal Society, and recommended that it not …
- … requesting permission to publish it. While he was in London, Darwin consulted Thomas Farrer at the …
- … were held with Farrer and James Caird, a member of the Royal Agricultural Society. Torbitt’s …
- … relatively stable for some years. He did make one visit to London at the end of April to see his …
- … now followed a regular pattern, with two or three stays in London at the home of his daughter …
- … The Rich legacy consisted of four freehold houses in central London. Darwin was uncertain of …
