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Darwin Correspondence Project

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To Francis Darwin 12 July [1879]

Summary

Notes observations on sensitivity and movement of radicles.

Has finished chapter [of Movement in plants] on sleeping plants and is now looking over heliotropism notes.

Is perplexed by Erasmus Darwin; Erasmus [A. Darwin] likes it, but Henrietta thinks it much too long.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Francis Darwin
Date:	12 July [1879]
Classmark:	DAR 211: 62
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-12152

Matches: 31 hits

… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, Francis …
… To Francis Darwin 12 July [1879] …
… DAR 211: 62 Charles Robert Darwin Down 12 …
… July [1879] Francis Darwin …
… and is now looking over heliotropism notes. Is perplexed by Erasmus Darwin ; Erasmus [A. …
… Darwin] likes it, but Henrietta thinks it much too long. …
… to Lakes & finish it there. I am tired— Ever yours | C. Darwin (What are your plans, if …
… you have any, you degenerate Darwin. ) Abbadabba flourishing & Dumming …
… Bibliography Erasmus Darwin. By Ernst Krause. Translated from the German by …
… W. S. Dallas, with a preliminary notice by Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1879. …
… Movement in plants : The power of movement in plants. By Charles Darwin. …
… Assisted by Francis Darwin. London: John Murray. 1880. …
… from 2 to 27 August 1879 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). …
… CD jokingly alludes to some of the more illustrious Darwin ancestors discovered …
… by George Howard Darwin while …
… researching Darwin family history (see letter from G. …
… H. Darwin, 24 June 1879 ). Abbadabba …
… was a pet name for Francis’s son, Bernard Darwin . ‘Dumming’: Bernard’ …
… s mispronunciation of ‘drumming’ (see letter to Francis Darwin, 4 July [1879] ). …
… by the relationship between this letter and the letter from Francis Darwin, 9 July 1879 . …
… See letter from Francis Darwin, 9 July 1879 and n. 1. Francis had not mentioned …
… Virginia spiderwort; see letter from Francis Darwin, 9 July 1879 and n. 2). CD described …
… mustard; see letter from Francis Darwin, [after 16 June 1879] ). In his investigations …
… the roots with gold-beater’s skin (see letter to Francis Darwin, 25 June [1879] and n. 5). …
… curvature’, see the letter to Francis Darwin, 16 June [1879] , n. 8. The long chapter for …
… away from the sun (see letter to Francis Darwin, 25 June [1879] and n. 6). Various members …
… proof-sheets of CD’s biographical sketch for Erasmus Darwin ; among them were Henrietta …
… Emma Litchfield , Erasmus Alvey Darwin , and …
… Emma Darwin . …
… The Darwins stayed at Coniston in the Lake District …

From Francis Darwin 3 March [1879]

Summary

Astonished at circular and will risk revolutions to invest. Describes Blidah, Algeria.

Author:	Francis Darwin
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	3 Mar [1879]
Classmark:	DAR 274.1: 59
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-11913F

Matches: 15 hits

… replies. Ubbadubba was a pet name for Francis’s son, Bernard Darwin . …
… Darwin, …
… Francis Darwin, C. R. …
… From Francis Darwin 3 March [1879] …
… DAR 274.1: 59 Francis Darwin Blidah 3 Mar [ …
… 1879] Charles Robert Darwin …
… too next letter— I have no intellec〈t〉 tonight— Your Affectionate son | Frank Darwin …
… relationship between this letter and the letter to the Darwin children, 21 February 1879 . …
… See letter to the Darwin children, 21 February 1879 . CD advised investing in safe …
… interest. No information on George Howard Darwin ’s foreign investments has been found. …
… having left Down on 4 February 1879 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). He arrived back at …
… March 1879, departing from Algiers on 8 March ( letter from G. H. Darwin, 3 March 1879 ; …
… letter from Emma Darwin to W. …
… E. Darwin, [12 March 1879] (DAR 219.1: 130)). By Francis’s calculation of a lunar month …
… to the region. The letters from Elizabeth Darwin have not been found, nor have Francis’s …

To Francis Darwin 2 June [1879]

Summary

Thanks for FD’s letter describing microscopic work under experienced supervision.

Is glad to hear of C. E. Stahl’s objection to treating plants as mere machines.

Pleased that J. von Sachs has yielded on growth.

Perhaps Stahl will recognise whether the case of the silver fir is the same as that referred to in the German account [see 12074b].

CD has finished the first draft of his essay on Erasmus Darwin’s life and is "heartily sick of the job".

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Francis Darwin
Date:	2 June [1879]
Classmark:	DAR 271.4: 15
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-12078A

Matches: 20 hits

… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, Francis …
… To Francis Darwin 2 June [1879] …
… DAR 271.4: 15 Charles Robert Darwin Down 2 …
… June [1879] Francis Darwin …
… more today— Abberdubby is very flourishing & cocket. — Your affect. father | C. Darwin …
… Bibliography Erasmus Darwin. By Ernst Krause. Translated from the German by …
… W. S. Dallas, with a preliminary notice by Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1879. …
… Krause, Ernst. 1879a. Erasmus Darwin, der Großvater …
… und Vorkämpfer Charles Darwin’s: ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Descendenz-Theorie. Kosmos …
… 1878–9): 397–424. Movement in plants : The power of movement in plants. By Charles Darwin. …
… Assisted by Francis Darwin. London: John Murray. 1880. …
… the first draft of his essay on Erasmus Darwin’s life and is "heartily sick of the job". …
… by the relationship between this letter and the letter from Francis Darwin, 29 May 1879 . …
… See letter from Francis Darwin, 29 May 1879 . Francis had asked Ernst Stahl about Albert …
… plant movement (see letter from Francis Darwin, 29 May 1879 and n. 9). In Movement in …
… pet name for Francis’s son, Bernard Darwin . ‘Cocket’: pert, saucy; brisk; merry ( OED ). …
… of any plant (see letter from Francis Darwin, 29 May 1879 ). CD had spent several weeks …
… an English translation of Ernst Krause ’s essay on Erasmus Darwin ( Krause 1879a ). …
… appeared in November 1879 ( Erasmus Darwin ). In his letter of [before 29 May 1879] CD had …

From Francis Darwin [6 July 1879]

Summary

Describes bean experiments. Will tell Emma Darwin to tell Elizabeth Darwin that he has written to the Riffel.

Author:	Francis Darwin
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	[6 July 1879]
Classmark:	DAR 274.1: 61
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-12296F

Matches: 17 hits

… Darwin, …
… Francis Darwin, C. R. …
… From Francis Darwin [6 July 1879] …
… DAR 274.1: 61 Francis Darwin [6 July …
… 1879] Charles Robert Darwin …
… Describes bean experiments. Will tell Emma Darwin to …
… tell Elizabeth Darwin that he has written to the Riffel. …
… near Zermatt in the Swiss Alps. Elizabeth Darwin was on holiday in Switzerland with Mary …
… Atkin ; they arrived at the hotel around 10 July 1879 (letter from Emma Darwin to W. …
… E. Darwin, [10 July 1879] (DAR 219.1: 124)). …
… Bibliography Movement in plants : The power of movement in plants. By Charles Darwin. …
… Assisted by Francis Darwin. London: John Murray. 1880. Sachs, Julius. 1872a. Ablenkung der …
… See letter to Francis Darwin, 4 July [1879] . Francis performed experiments to determine …
… and Francis had already tested. See second letter to Francis Darwin, 2 July [1879] and n. …
… 2. See letter from Francis Darwin, 4 July 1879 and nn. 3 and 6. Plants …
… genus of spider plants) have aerial roots. See letter to Francis Darwin, 4 July [1879] . …
… Ubbadubba was a pet name for Bernard Darwin , Francis’s son. The Riffelhaus, a hotel built …

To Francis Darwin [2 August 1879]

Summary

Tells arrangements for their journey to Coniston.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Francis Darwin
Date:	[2 Aug 1879]
Classmark:	DAR 211: 63
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-12179

Matches: 16 hits

… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, Francis …
… To Francis Darwin [2 August 1879] …
… DAR 211: 63 Charles Robert Darwin London, Queen Anne St, …
… 6 [2 Aug 1879] Francis Darwin …
… We are all in good heart for our tremendous journey. yours affect | C. Darwin D r F. …
… Darwin …
… way through London ( letter from Francis Darwin, [before 31 July 1879] ). Francis referred …
… word for unresolved work-related issues) in his letter to Emma Darwin of 30 June 1879 . …
… Francis’s son, Bernard Darwin . …
… have looked to the French life of D r . Darwin. It will be very nice to see you & to hear …
… The date is established by the address. The Darwins stayed at the home of …
… CD’s brother, Erasmus Alvey Darwin , on 1 August 1879, …
… before travelling to Coniston ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)); 2 August 1879 was a …
… July 1879] , Francis had asked how to get to Coniston to join the Darwins on holiday. CD …
… evidently looked at the biography of Erasmus Darwin published in Biographie médicale 3: …

To Francis Darwin 28 June [1879]

Summary

Discusses the movements of radicles. His observations show that sensitivity to touch resides in the root tip and he believes that sensitivity to gravity governing geotropic responses is also in the root tip. Would much like to convert Julius von Sachs to his ideas on radicle movement.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Francis Darwin
Date:	28 June [1879]
Classmark:	DAR 211: 59
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-12128

Matches: 24 hits

… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, Francis …
… To Francis Darwin 28 June [1879] …
… is, I am not even staggered by him. I am tired— goodbye my dear old fellow | C. Darwin …
… DAR 211: 59 Charles Robert Darwin Abinger Hammer 28 …
… June [1879] Francis Darwin …
… year is established by the address; the Darwins stayed at the home of Laura Mary Forster , …
… 1879 (CD’s ‘Journal’ (Appendix II)). The Darwins had just arrived at West Hackhurst (see …
… n. 1, above). George Howard Darwin had been in London …
… doing research on the Darwin family for CD (see letter from G. …
… H. Darwin, 24 June 1879 and n. 1). John Scott Burdon Sanderson had previously assisted CD …
… by causing injury to the root ( letter from Francis Darwin, [before 26 June 1879] ). …
… Sachs’ curvature’, see the letter to Francis Darwin, 16 June [1879] , n. 8. CD and Francis …
… in the roots of this species (see letter to Francis Darwin, 6 and 7 June [1879] and n. …
… 5, and letter from Francis Darwin, [after 16 June 1879] and n. 4). …
… of Great Britain 7 (1873–5): 332–5. Erasmus Darwin. By Ernst Krause. Translated from the …
… by W. S. Dallas, with a preliminary notice by Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1879. …
… Insectivorous plants. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1875. …
… by CD for information about Erasmus Darwin ’s medical practice; CD was writing an …
… introductory biographical sketch of his grandfather for Erasmus Darwin . …
… See letter from Francis Darwin, [before 26 June 1879] . …
… CD went to London on 26 June 1879; the Darwins stayed at the home of …
… CD’s brother, Erasmus Alvey Darwin (CD’s ‘Journal’ (Appendix II)). …
… In his letter from Francis Darwin, [before 26 June 1879] , Francis told CD that Julius …

To Francis Darwin 25 June [1879]

Summary

Suggests experiments to test the response of radicles to light. Considers an alternative term for heliotropism.

Will be curious to have FD’s spiral theory about circumnutation explained to him.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Francis Darwin
Date:	25 June [1879]
Classmark:	DAR 211: 56
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-12122

Matches: 17 hits

… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, Francis …
… To Francis Darwin 25 June [1879] …
… DAR 211: 56 Charles Robert Darwin Down 25 …
… June [1879] Francis Darwin …
… all radicles were deep in the earth. Ever yours affect | C. Darwin Do not forget Porliera …
… Bibliography Movement in plants : The power of movement in plants. By Charles Darwin. …
… Assisted by Francis Darwin. London: John Murray. 1880. …
… 6. See letter from Francis Darwin, [after 16 June 1879] and n. 5. Revolving nutation was …
… Porliera (a synonym of Porlieria ), see letter to Francis Darwin, 16 June [1879] and n. 3. …
… by the relationship between this letter and the letter to Francis Darwin, 24 June [1879] . …
… See letter to Francis Darwin, 24 June [1879] . The letter from Francis was probably that …
… plants , p. 142). See letter from Francis Darwin, [after 16 June 1879] and n. 4. Francis’s …
… towards or away from light (see letter from Francis Darwin, [after 16 June 1879] . …
… The Darwins were away from home between 26 June and 1 July 1879, first in London where CD …
… Appendix II); see letter to Francis Darwin, 24 June [1879] and n. 6). On CD’s interest …
… fir trees affected by a fungus, see the letter to Francis Darwin, 2 June [1879] and n. …

From Francis Darwin [before 31 July 1879]

Summary

Discusses Müller-Thurgau’s work on heliotropism. Will start on Thursday for Heidelberg and Strassburg.

Author:	Francis Darwin
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	[before 31 July 1879]
Classmark:	DAR 274.1: 56
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-12177F

Matches: 23 hits

… Darwin, …
… Francis Darwin, C. R. …
… From Francis Darwin [before 31 July 1879] …
… DAR 274.1: 56 Francis Darwin Würzburg [before 31 …
… July 1879] Charles Robert Darwin …
… Paris: C. L. F. Panckoucke. 1820–5. Darwin, Francis. 1880b. Über das Wachsthum negativ …
… in Würzburg 2 (1878–82): 521–8. Erasmus Darwin. By Ernst Krause. Translated from the …
… in Würzburg (see letter from Francis Darwin, 4 July 1879 ). Francis’s paper ‘Über das …
… on 4 August 1879 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)); the Sunday before that was 3 …
… August. He stopped at Erasmus Alvey Darwin ’s London residence; Erasmus had a copy of CD’s …
… proof-sheets of the first version of his introductory essay on Erasmus Darwin , the first …
… part of Erasmus Darwin . Ubbadubba was …
… a pet name for Francis’s son, Bernard Darwin . …
… The Darwins stayed at Coniston in the Lake District …
… from 2 to 27 August 1879 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). The ‘ …
… a reference to the biography of Erasmus Darwin published in Biographie médicale (see …
… with a preliminary notice by Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1879. Müller-Thurgau, …
… of negatively heliotropic roots in light and in shade; F. Darwin 1880 ) appeared in 1880. …
… See letter from Francis Darwin, 4 July 1879 and n. 7. …
… In his published paper ( F. Darwin 1880 , p. 522), Francis referred to unpublished work of …
… Wiesner’s work, see the letter from Francis Darwin, 29 May 1879 and n. 8. Fredrik Elfving …
… to grow horizontally (see letter from Francis Darwin, [after 2 June 1879] and n. 3). The …
… seventy miles south-west of Heidelberg. Francis joined the Darwins in the Lake District …

From Francis Darwin [after 16 June 1879]

Summary

Reports on roots and climbing plants experiments he is performing in Sachs’ laboratory. Orchids with air roots have come. Goebel says proshelic better than helic.

Author:	Francis Darwin
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	[after 16 June 1879]
Classmark:	DAR 274.1: 53
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-12111F

Matches: 18 hits

… Darwin, …
… Francis Darwin, C. R. …
… From Francis Darwin [after 16 June 1879] …
… DAR 274.1: 53 Francis Darwin Würzburg [after 16 …
… June 1879] Charles Robert Darwin …
… June 1879 (see letter to Francis Darwin, 16 June [1879] and n. 5). Francis probably got a …
… a botanist in Sachs’s laboratory (see letter to Francis Darwin, 16 June [1879] and n. 4). …
… habits of climbing plants. By Charles Darwin. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & …
… by the relationship between this letter and the letter to Francis Darwin, 16 June [1879] . …
… See letter to Francis Darwin, 16 June [1879] and n. 8. Francis was working in the …
… the apex to Francis (see letter to Francis Darwin, [before 5 June 1879] and nn. 2 and 3). …
… mustard ( Sinapis alba ; see also letter to Francis Darwin, 6 and 7 June [1879] and n. …
… 5). See letter to Francis Darwin, 16 June [1879] and n. 2. For CD’s description of the …
… was a pet name for Francis’s son, Bernard Darwin . No letter mentioning the boys or the …
… been found, but see the letter to Francis Darwin, 16 June [1879] , in which CD mentions …
… Atkin , had travelled to Switzerland with Elizabeth Darwin on 17 June 1879; they returned …
… to Down on 18 July 1879 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). Francis had evidently ordered …
… see Shephard 2003 , pp. 178–83). Elizabeth Darwin had written to Francis around 16 …

To Francis Darwin 2 July [1879]

Summary

FD’s experiment shows that caustic does not interfere with the bending of radicles. Believes that the apex is a kind of brain for certain movements, being specialised to receive certain irritations.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Francis Darwin
Date:	2 July [1879]
Classmark:	DAR 211: 61
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-12132

Matches: 11 hits

… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, Francis …
… To Francis Darwin 2 July [1879] …
… Bibliography Insectivorous plants. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1875. …
… DAR 211: 61 Charles Robert Darwin Down 2 …
… July [1879] Francis Darwin …
… established by the relationship between this letter and the letter from Francis Darwin to …
… Emma Darwin, 30 June 1879 . …
… See letter from Francis Darwin to …
… Emma Darwin, 30 June 1879 and n. 4. CD and Francis had been experimenting with lunar …
… of caustic (see letter from Francis Darwin, [before 26 June 1879] and n. 3). The results …

To Francis Darwin [2 June 1879 or earlier]

Summary

Wants FD to find out what sort of man Ernst Krause is.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Francis Darwin
Date:	[2 June 1879 or earlier]
Classmark:	DAR 211: 51
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-12076

Matches: 9 hits

… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, Francis …
… To Francis Darwin [2 June 1879 or earlier] …
… DAR 211: 51 Charles Robert Darwin unstated [2 June …
… 1879 or earlier] Francis Darwin …
… Bibliography Krause, Ernst. 1879a. Erasmus Darwin, der Großvater …
… und Vorkämpfer Charles Darwin’s: ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Descendenz-Theorie. Kosmos …
… this note and the letter from Francis Darwin, [after 2 June 1879]. CD was working on a …
… of Ernst Krause ’s essay on Erasmus Darwin ( Krause 1879a ). Most of Krause’s longer …

To Francis Darwin 2 July [1879]

Summary

Stresses importance of ensuring that cauterisation of radicles does not, through injury, prevent movement. Plans an experiment to test for "apheliotropism" in certain radicles.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Francis Darwin
Date:	2 July [1879]
Classmark:	DAR 211: 60
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-12133

Matches: 14 hits

… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, Francis …
… To Francis Darwin 2 July [1879] …
… DAR 211: 60 Charles Robert Darwin Down 2 …
… July [1879] Francis Darwin …
… after three days (see n. 2, below). The Darwins had stayed at Laura Mary Forster ’s house, …
… pet name for Francis’s son, Bernard Darwin , who was almost 3 years old. Herbert Spencer ’ …
… in the roots of this species (see letter to Francis Darwin, 6 and 7 June [1879] and n. …
… 5, and letter from Francis Darwin, [after 16 June 1879] and n. 4). CD was planning …
… one from his silver fir branches (see letter to Francis Darwin, 25 June [1879] and n. 7). …
… caustic (silver nitrate) were still apheliotropic (see letter from Francis Darwin to …
… Emma Darwin, 30 June 1879 ). For CD’s …
… term ‘Sachs’ curvature’, see the letter to Francis Darwin, 16 June [1879] , n. 8. CD had …
… would be ‘aphelism’ (see letter to Francis Darwin, 25 June [ 1879] and n. 6). Sinapis is a …

To Francis Darwin 3 June [1879]

Summary

Asks whether canary grass and oats have chlorophyll in their cotyledons.

Has been working hard at circumnutation of leaves to see whether sleep movements are exaggerated circumnutation.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Francis Darwin
Date:	3 June [1879]
Classmark:	DAR 211: 25
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-11541

Matches: 13 hits

… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, Francis …
… me for the University Mag. ! She must be mad. — Ever yours my dear old fellow | C. Darwin …
… To Francis Darwin 3 June [1879] …
… DAR 211: 25 Charles Robert Darwin Down 3 …
… June [1879] Francis Darwin …
… Portraits. New Series. — No. 8. Charles Darwin, F.R.S. University Magazine 2: 154–63. …
… n. 8, below). See letter from Francis Darwin, 29 May 1879 . Francis was working in Julius …
… Germany (see letter from Francis Darwin, 29 May 1879 ). CD was trying to establish whether …
… of CD’s plant experiments. Leonard Darwin was also taking photographs of plants for CD; …
… Correspondence vol. 26, letter from Leonard Darwin, 25 April 1878 . In 1878, Ellen Frances …
… filaments of the common teasel ( Dipsacus sylvestris ); see F. Darwin 1877a and 1877b. …
… Francis’s baby son, Bernard Darwin . CD was treasurer of the Down Friendly Society . Its …

To Francis Darwin [after 24 June 1879]

Summary

Movement of radicles.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Francis Darwin
Date:	[after 24 June 1879]
Classmark:	DAR 211: 57
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-12121

Matches: 9 hits

… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, Francis …
… To Francis Darwin [after 24 June 1879] …
… DAR 211: 57 Charles Robert Darwin Down [after 24 …
… June 1879] Francis Darwin …
… extreme 〈 1 2 line missing 〉 the old Darwins. 〈 1 2 line missing 〉〈P〉everel’ to James I 〈 …
… was torn in half vertically; the left half is now missing. George Howard Darwin had been …
… researching the Darwin family history and had informed CD that one of their ancestors had …
… to James VI and I and Charles I (see letter from G. H. Darwin, 24 June 1879 and n. 2). …

To Francis Darwin 16 June [1879]

Summary

Has given his reasons for believing that twisting of stem is related to circumnutation in Climbing plants.

Tells results of experiments on movement of cotyledons and radicles.

Is getting aerial heliotropic roots from Kew.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Francis Darwin
Date:	16 June [1879]
Classmark:	DAR 211: 55
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-12111

Matches: 13 hits

… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, Francis …
… To Francis Darwin 16 June [1879] …
… DAR 211: 55 Charles Robert Darwin Down 16 …
… June [1879] Francis Darwin …
… enough to look at his earnest sweet little face your affectionate Father | C. Darwin …
… a pet name for Francis’s son, Bernard Darwin , who was almost 3 years old at this time. …
… habits of climbing plants. By Charles Darwin. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & …
… Norgate. 1865. Movement in plants : The power of movement in plants. By Charles Darwin. …
… Assisted by Francis Darwin. London: John Murray. 1880. Sachs, Julius. 1873–4. Ueber das …
… Porliera in 1878, see the letter from Francis Darwin, 29 May 1879 , n. 3. CD was evidently …
… apheliotropic’. The letter from Elizabeth Darwin to Francis has not been found; she left …
… Mary Elizabeth Atkin , the next day ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). Francis had probably …

From Francis Darwin [c. 25 February 1879]

Summary

Directs CD where to find tools in his room. Has been looking at agave and aloe flowers. Thanks family for their letters.

Author:	Francis Darwin
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	[c. 25 Feb 1879]
Classmark:	DAR 274.1: 60
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-11883F

Matches: 15 hits

… Darwin, …
… Francis Darwin, C. R. …
… From Francis Darwin [ c. 25 February 1879] …
… DAR 274.1: 60 Francis Darwin Colonne Voirol, Algiers [ c. …
… 25 Feb 1879] Charles Robert Darwin …
… s letter has not been found in the Darwin Archive–CUL. …
… Bibliography Darwin, Francis. 1886. On the relation between the ‘bloom’ on leaves and the …
… dearest father | Your affec son | Frank Darwin It was very good of Henrietta to write to …
… see n. 9, below. See letter to Francis Darwin, [before 25 February 1879] and n. 2. CD’ …
… had gone to rest and visit George Howard Darwin in Algiers; see letter to W. T. Thiselton- …
… Down House MS) dated 25 February 1879 records a payment of £5 5 s. Elizabeth Darwin . …
… Bernard Darwin . Henrietta Emma Litchfield’ …
… see Correspondence vol. 26, letter from Francis Darwin, 24 and 25 July 1878 ); Francis …
… the results of these experiments in F. Darwin 1886 . Gaetano Durando was a correspondent …
… him with seeds; see letter to Francis Darwin, [4 February – 8 March 1879] and n. 4. The …

To Francis Darwin [26 June 1879]

Summary

Believes that the response of root tips to being "blinded" with foil is much more interesting than response to cauterisation.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Francis Darwin
Date:	[26 June 1879]
Classmark:	DAR 211: 58
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-12124

Matches: 9 hits

… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, Francis …
… To Francis Darwin [26 June 1879] …
… DAR 211: 58 Charles Robert Darwin London, Queen Anne St, …
… 6 [26 June 1879] Francis Darwin …
… CD’s ‘Journal’ (Appendix II)). See letter to Francis Darwin, 25 June [1879] and n. 5. …
… this letter and the letter to Francis Darwin, 25 June [1879] . The Thursday following 25 …
… of hawkweed; see letter from Francis Darwin, [before 26 June 1879] ). CD was in London on …
… at the Royal College of Physicians ; the Darwins stayed two days in London then went to …

To Francis Darwin [before 25 February 1879]

Summary

CD cannot find his pincers and other tools for microscopical dissection. Does FD know where he should look?

Hopes FD will feel better after "so complete a change" [trip to North Africa].

Sends his love to George.

Bernard gets more charming every day.

CD has been put on a committee for a memorial fund for W. K. Clifford.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Francis Darwin
Date:	[before 25 Feb 1879]
Classmark:	DAR 271.4: 12
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-11883A

Matches: 9 hits

… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, Francis …
… To Francis Darwin [before 25 February 1879] …
… DAR 271.4: 12 Charles Robert Darwin [before 25 …
… Feb 1879] Francis Darwin …
… this letter and the letter from Francis Darwin, [ c. 25 February 1879] . CD misspelt ‘ …
… was CD’s secretary and assistant; he had gone to visit George Howard Darwin in Algiers on …
… 4 February 1879 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). …
… Francis’s son, Bernard Darwin . A public testimonial fund for the gravely ill …

From Francis Darwin 9 July 1879

Summary

Pressure paralyses the streaming of protoplasm in the hairs of Tradescantia.

Author:	Francis Darwin
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	9 July 1879
Classmark:	DAR 162: 61
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-12142

Matches: 11 hits

… Darwin, …
… Francis Darwin, C. R. …
… From Francis Darwin 9 July 1879 …
… DAR 162: 61 Francis Darwin Botanisches Institut, Würzburg 9 …
… July 1879 Charles Robert Darwin …
… been suggested by Julius Sachs (see letter from Francis Darwin, [before 26 June 1879] ). …
… Wilhelm Engelmann. Insectivorous plants. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1875. …
… of aggregation, and seemed paralysed. Horace Darwin had recently met with Thomas Henry …
… his proposed engagement to Ida Farrer (see letter to G. H. Darwin, 8 [July 1879] and n. …
… 4). See second letter to Francis Darwin, 2 July [1879] . Francis’s results regarding …
… and nn. 3 and 7). In the letter to Francis Darwin, 24 June [1879], CD had suggested that …

To Francis Darwin 4 July [1879]

Summary

CD gives suggestions concerning FD’s experiments on the radicles of roots. Asks him to find out whether J. von Sachs tried beans. Should also try other gramineous plants.

Bernard looking forward to his father’s return.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Francis Darwin
Date:	4 July [1879]
Classmark:	DAR 271.4: 16
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-12134A

Matches: 10 hits

… Darwin, C. …
… R. Darwin, Francis …
… To Francis Darwin 4 July [1879] …
… DAR 271.4: 16 Charles Robert Darwin Down 4 …
… July [1879] Francis Darwin …
… visited Down from 19 to 21 July 1879 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). Francis had already …
… s words for trumpets and drums; see letter from Francis Darwin, [after 16 June 1879] ). …
… this letter and the letter from Francis Darwin, 4 July 1879 . In his paper ‘Ueber das …
… Sinapis alba ; see letter from Francis Darwin, 4 July 1879 ). In experiments with Zea …
… a pet name for Francis’s son Bernard Darwin . Francis returned to England at the beginning …

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Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 25 hits

… Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig …
… as the creator of this dramatisation, and that of the Darwin Correspondence Project to be identified …
… correspondence or published writings of Asa Gray, Charles Darwin, Joseph Dalton Hooker, Jane Loring …
… Actor 1 – Asa Gray Actor 2 – Charles Darwin Actor 3 – In the dress of a modern day …
… Agassiz, Adam Sedgwick, A Friend of John Stuart Mill, Emma Darwin, Horace Darwin… and acts as a sort …
… the play unfolds and acting as a go-between between Gray and Darwin, and between the audience and …
… this, he sends out copies of his Review of the Life of Darwin. At this time in his life, Asa …
… friends in England, copies of his ‘Review of the Life of Darwin’… pencilling the address so that it …
… Joseph D Hooker GRAY: 3 Charles Darwin… made his home on the border of the little …
… are kept in check by a constitutional weakness. DARWIN: A plain but comfortable brick …
… by every blessing except that of vigorous health… DARWIN: 4 My confounded stomach …
… pursuits and the simplicity of his character. DARWIN: 5 I am allowed to work now …
… own house, where he was the most charming of hosts. DARWIN: 6 My life goes on …
… being a part of [an unpublished] manuscript. Darwin settles down to write. His tone is …
… THE CONCURRENCE OF BOTANISTS: 1855 In which Darwin initiates a long-running correspondence …
… gossip about difficult colleagues (Agassiz). Gray realizes Darwin is not revealing all of his …
… man, more formally attired and lighter on his feet than Darwin. He has many more demands on his time …
… catches his attention. He opens the letter. DARWIN: 8 April 25 th 1855. My …
… filled up the paper you sent me as well as I could. DARWIN: 10 My dear Dr Gray. I …
… is condensed in that little sheet of note-paper! DARWIN: 11 My dear Hooker… What …
… surprising good. GRAY: 12 My dear Mr Darwin, I rejoice in furnishing facts to …
… of the sort to the advancement of science… DARWIN: 13 I hope… before [the] end of …
… reasonably expect… Yours most sincerely Asa Gray. DARWIN: 16 My dear Gray… Your …
… Journal, as a nut for [Professor] Agassiz to crack. Darwin and Gray share a joke at the …
… will turn up that he cannot explain away… DARWIN: 22 Hurrah I got yesterday my …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 11 hits

… | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a …
… community. Here is a selection of letters exchanged between Darwin and his workforce of women …
… Women: Letter 1194 - Darwin to Whitby, M. A. T., [12 August 1849] Darwin …
… peculiarities in inheritance. Letter 3787 - Darwin, H. E. to Darwin, [29 October …
… garden. Letter 4523 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [6 June 1864] Darwin’s …
… . Letter 5745 - Barber, M. E. to Darwin, [after February 1867] Mary Barber …
… Letter 6535 - Vaughan Williams , M. S. to Darwin, H. E., [after 14 October 1869] …
… Letter 8611 - Cupples, A. J. to Darwin, E., [8 November1872] Anne Jane Cupples, …
… observations on the expression of emotion in dogs with Emma Darwin. Letter 8676 - …
… and offers to observe birds, insects or plants on Darwin’s behalf. Letter 8683 - …
… ears. Letter 8701 - Lubbock, E. F . to Darwin, [1873] Ellen Lubbock, …

Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots

Summary

Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…

Matches: 16 hits

… There are summaries of all Darwin's letters from the year 1879 on this website. The full texts …
… 27 of the print edition of The correspondence of Charles Darwin , published by Cambridge …
… to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an …
… the sensitivity of the tips. Despite this breakthrough, when Darwin first mentioned the book to his …
… 1879 ). He was also unsatisfied with his account of Erasmus Darwin, declaring, ‘My little biography …
… a holiday in the Lake District in August did little to raise Darwin’s spirits. ‘I wish that my …
… W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, [after 26] July [1879] ). From July, Darwin had an additional worry: the …
… that his grandfather had felt the same way. In 1792, Erasmus Darwin had written: ‘The worst thing I …
… contained a warmer note and the promise of future happiness: Darwin learned he was to be visited by …
… Hacon, 31 December 1879 ). Seventy years old Darwin’s seventieth birthday on 12 …
… the veteran of Modern Zoology’, but it was in Germany that Darwin was most fêted. A German …
… ). The masters of Greiz College in Thuringia venerated Darwin as ‘the deep thinker’, while …
… accepted in Germany. ‘On this festive day’, Haeckel told Darwin, ‘you can look back, with justified …
… Hermann Müller wrote on 12 February to wish Darwin a ‘long and serene evening of life’. This …
… on the theory of development in connection with Charles Darwin and Ernst Haeckel. Kosmos was, as …
… March, with encouragement from his brother, Erasmus Alvey Darwin, Darwin decided to publish an …

Fake Darwin: myths and misconceptions

Summary

Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive ones, with full debunking below...

Matches: 1 hits

… Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive …

Darwin and working from home

Summary

Ever wondered how Darwin worked? As part of our For the Curious series of simple interactives, ‘Darwin working from home’ lets you explore objects from Darwin’s study and garden at Down House to learn how he worked and what he had to say about it. And not…

Matches: 5 hits

… fixed on the spot where I shall end it . Charles Darwin to Robert FitzRoy, 1 October 1846 …
… collaboration of his family. ► Darwin's Study Explore Darwin& …
… is the study that can be seen at Down House today. Darwin's daily routine …
… 6 pm Rested again in bedroom with ED [Emma Darwin] reading aloud. 7 …
… him. Account summarised in Charles Darwin: A Companion by R.B. Freeman, …

Language: key letters

Summary

How and why language evolved bears on larger questions about the evolution of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the development of human speech from animal sounds in The Descent of Man (1871),…

Matches: 15 hits

… human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the …
… he first began to reflect on the transmutation of species. Darwin’s correspondence reveals the scope …
… he exchanged information and ideas. Letter 346: Darwin, C. R. to Darwin, C. S., 27 Feb 1837 …
… one stock.” Letter 2070: Wedgwood, Hensleigh to Darwin, C. R., [before 29 Sept 1857] …
… down of former continents.” Letter 3054: Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, Charles, 2 Feb [1861] …
… that languages, like species, were separately created. Darwin writes to the geologist Charles Lyell …
… I tell him is perfectly logical.” Letter 5605: Darwin, C. R. to Müller, J. F. T., 15 Aug …
… loud noise?” Letter 7040: Wedgwood, Hensleigh to Darwin, C. R., [1868-70?] As …
… gradually growing to such a stage” Letter 8367: Darwin, C. R. to Wright, Chauncey, 3 June …
… unconsciously altering the breed. Letter 8962: Darwin, C. R. to Max Müller, Friedrich, 3 …
… Letter 10194: Max Müller, Friedrich to Darwin, C. R., 13 Oct [1875] For Müller, human and …
… Language […]” Letter 9887: Dawkins, W. B. to Darwin, C. R., 14 Mar 1875 The …
… of race […]” Letter 11074: Sayce, A. H. to Darwin, C. R., 27 July 1877 Darwin’s …
… and comparative philologist Archibald Sayce wrote to Darwin with a series of detailed questions …
… how a child first uttered the word ‘mum’. In his reply, Darwin told Sayce “that ‘mum’ arose from …

Women as a scientific audience

Summary

Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…

Matches: 13 hits

… Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those …
… a broad variety of women had access to, and engaged with, Darwin's published works. A set of …
… women a target audience? Letter 2447 - Darwin to Murray, J., [5 April 1859] …
… that his views are original and will appeal to the public. Darwin asks Murray to forward the …
… and criticisms of style. Letter 2461 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [11 May 1859] …
… it had been proofread and edited by “a lady”. Darwin, E. to Darwin, W. E. , (March 1862 …
… typically-male readers. Letter 7124 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E., [8 February 1870] …
… and style. Letter 7329 - Murray , J. to Darwin, [28 September 1870] …
… impeding general perusal. Letter 7331 - Darwin to Murray, J., [29 September …
… content. Letter 8335 - Reade, W. W. to Darwin, [16 May 1872] Reade …
… of women. Letter 8341 - Reade, W. W. to Darwin, [20 May 1872] Reade …
… women. Letter 8611 - Cupples, A. J. to Darwin, E., [8 November 1872] …
… Cupples got hold of it first. Darwin’s female readership …

Darwin in letters, 1881: Old friends and new admirers

Summary

In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began writing about all the eminent men he had met. He embarked on this task, which formed an addition to his autobiography, because he had nothing else to do. He had…

Matches: 21 hits

… In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began …
… a very old man, who probably will not last much longer.’ Darwin’s biggest fear was not death, but …
… sweetest place on this earth’. From the start of the year, Darwin had his demise on his mind. He …
… provision for the dividing of his wealth after his death. Darwin’s gloominess was compounded by the …
… and new admirers got in touch, and, for all his fears, Darwin found several scientific topics to …
… Evolution old and new when revising his essay on Erasmus Darwin’s scientific work, and that Darwin …
… memory in November 1880 and in an abusive letter about Darwin in the St James’s Gazette on 8 …
… in a review of Unconscious memory in Kosmos and sent Darwin a separate letter for …
… Butler wished to boast publicly that his quarrel was with Darwin, agreed. Unsure how to address …
… gone mad on such a small matter’. The following day, Darwin himself wrote to Stephen, admitting that …
… a slap in the face as he would have cause to remember’. Darwin was enormously relieved. ‘Your note …
… wrote such a savage review of Unconscious memory that Darwin feared he had redirected Butler’s …
… so much for anything in my life as for its success’, Darwin told Arabella Buckley on 4 January . …
… that Wallace would receive £200 a year, he wrote to Darwin, ‘I congratulate you on the success of …
… on 8 January (his 58th birthday) and immediately wrote to Darwin to thank him for his ‘constant …
… he had done. Buckley’s delight was evident when she told Darwin on 13 January : ‘I have always …
… of 1881. This book had been a major undertaking for both Darwin and his son Francis, who assisted in …
… ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 4 January 1881 ). Unlike Darwin’s other books, Movement in plants …
… those who had received presentation copies who complimented Darwin, made suggestions, and pointed …
… of the technical terms used in the book particularly pleased Darwin because, he told Candolle on …
… Brazil on the movements of leaves that were so original that Darwin sent them to Nature for …

Scientific Networks

Summary

Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…

Matches: 13 hits

… activities for building and maintaining such connections. Darwin's networks extended from his …
… when strong institutional structures were largely absent. Darwin had a small circle of scientific …
… section contains two sets of letters. The first is between Darwin and his friend Kew botanist J. D. …
… about Hooker’s thoughts. Letter 729 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., [11 Jan 1844] …
… is like confessing a murder”. Letter 736 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 23 Feb [1844 …
… of wide-ranging species to wide-ranging genera. Darwin and Gray Letter 1674 …
… of the species. Letter 1685 — Gray, Asa to Darwin, C. R., 22 May 1855 Gray …
… of alpine flora in the USA. Letter 2125 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 20 July [1857] …
… have in simple truth been of the utmost value to me.” Darwin believes species have arisen, like …
… or continuous area; they are actual lineal descendants. Darwin discusses fertilisation in the bud …
… exchange This collection of letters between Darwin and Hooker, while Darwin was writing his …
… to information exchange. Letter 1202 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 6 Oct [1848] …
… followed automatically. On the issue of nomenclature reform, Darwin opposes appending first …

Darwin’s Photographic Portraits

Summary

Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of photography for the study of Expression and Emotions in Man and Animal, but can be witnessed in his many photographic portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that…

Matches: 14 hits

… Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of …
… portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that Darwin undertook throughout his lifetime …
… was jokingly lamenting his role as an intermediary for Darwin and his correspondents from around the …
… of friends and relatives was not a pursuit unique to Darwin (the exchange of photographic images was …
… reinforced his experimental and scientific network. Darwin’s Portraits Darwin sat for …
… famous photographers to studio portraitists looking to sell Darwin’s image to the masses. Between …
… in nineteenth-century photography. Darwin’s first photo-chemical experience …
… This particular daguerreotype is unique in terms of Darwin’s collection of photographs – it is the …
… exchanged, but rather was an object of display placed on a Darwin family mantlepiece. The image …
… in London and made at least four different exposures of Darwin between 1853 and 1857. They …
… While this image is notable as the first popular image of Darwin, the extent to which Darwin …
… me look atrociously wicked.” Image: Charles Darwin, by Maull & Polyblank, albumen …
… Portrait Gallery, London (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0) Darwin’s next experience with the …
… with the results. In 1860-61 and again in 1864 Charles Darwin sat for his eldest son, William Darwin …

Home learning: 7-11 years

Summary

Do try this at home! Support your children’s learning by downloading our free and fun activities for those aged between 7-11 and 11-14 years, using Darwin’s letters.

Matches: 7 hits

… for those aged between 7-11 and 11-14 years, using Darwin’s letters. Here are a few …
… family discussion: If you were going to interview Darwin about his life and work, what …
… Follow-up family discussion: Darwin sent back rocks, soils, plants and animal specimens …
… world without going on a voyage? More Darwin and the Beagle Voyage activities …
… Follow-up family discussion: If you were Darwin how would you send back a rare …
… on a plant hunting trip today? More Darwin the Collector activities …
… and why does it still happen today? More Darwin and Evolution activities …

Religion

Summary

Design|Personal Belief|Beauty|The Church Perhaps the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same can be said of the evolution controversy today; however the nature of the disputes and the manner in…

Matches: 16 hits

… the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same …
… nineteenth century were different in important ways. Many of Darwin's leading supporters were …
… their religious beliefs with evolutionary theory. Darwin's own writing, both in print and …
… much as possible. A number of correspondents tried to draw Darwin out on his own religious views, …
… political contexts. Design Darwin was not the first to challenge …
… on the controversial topic of design. The first is between Darwin and Harvard botanist Asa Gray, …
… second is a single letter from naturalist A. R. Wallace to Darwin on design and natural selection. …
… result of “brute force”. Letter 2855 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 3 July [1860] …
… a “muddle” on this issue. Letter 3256 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 17 Sept [1861] …
… experiment about an angel. Letter 3342 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 11 Dec [1861] …
… some questions about design. Letter 6167 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 8 May [1868] …
… of each fragment at the base of my precipice”. Darwin and Wallace Letter 5140 …
… of natural selection. He worries about the accusation in Darwin & his teachings “ Natural …
… fittest” instead of “Natural Selection”. Wallace urges Darwin to stress frequency of variations. …
… Personal Belief This collection of letters explores Darwin’s reluctance to take a definitive …
… own family. Letter 441 — Wedgwood, Emma to Darwin, C. R., [21–22 Nov 1838] In this …

Language: Interview with Gregory Radick

Summary

Darwin made a famous comment about parallels between changes in language and species change. Gregory Radick, Professor of History and Philosophy of Science at Leeds University, talks about the importance of the development of language to Darwin, what…

Matches: 22 hits

… the interview. 1. According to Darwin, how did language begin? …
… a bit more about that? 4. How did you use Darwin’s correspondence to re-evaluate …
… is the power of language. And the most important element in Darwin’s account of the origin of …
… the world or standing for feelings, begin to accumulate, and Darwin says these signs gave advantages …
… predators that might attack them, whatever it might be, Darwin thinks had an advantage in the …
… So language begins to accumulate like that. Likewise, Darwin thinks, in the courtship competition …
… better functioning brains. And a very important part of Darwin’s account of the origin of language …
… become more intelligent. And with larger intelligence comes, Darwin thinks, so many things—the …
… and so forth. 2. Was this an important topic for Darwin? And if so, why? It was hugely …
… systems of nonhuman animals, and human language. And so Darwin saw himself as trying to combat that …
… Darwinian account of the origin of language. 3. Darwin made a famous comment about parallels …
… that? Well, there’s a famous passage at the end of Darwin’s discussion of the evolutionary …
… ten of these. And a question has arisen, quite what was Darwin getting up to in pointing out these …
… debate, and on the one side are people who say that Darwin couldn’t resist an opportunity to review …
… but I also think something more is going on there. Darwin was very concerned to defend his position …
… the languages still show the formerly high state. So Darwin’s concerned, in my view, to …
… people who like to think of themselves as fans of Charles Darwin because, of course, we don’t …
… that, equality of languages. But that wasn’t the case for Darwin, that wasn’t how he understood his …
… him and us, however uncomfortable. 4. How did you use Darwin’s correspondence to re-evaluate …
… topics, I learned that there was a story around about how Darwin, very late in life, had changed his …
… of study of all this, and it turns out that from the time of Darwin’s death through till now, …
… not quite at the deathbed, but in 1881, a letter in which Darwin wrote to a friend of his that he …

Controversy

Summary

The best-known controversies over Darwinian theory took place in public or in printed reviews. Many of these were highly polemical, presenting an over-simplified picture of the disputes. Letters, however, show that the responses to Darwin were extremely…

Matches: 14 hits

… Disagreement & Respect | Conduct of Debate | Darwin & Wallace The best-known …
… the disputes. Letters, however, show that the responses to Darwin were extremely variable. Many of …
… was itself an important arena of debate, one that Darwin greatly preferred to the public sphere. …
… and support sustained in spite of enduring differences. Darwin's correspondence can thus help …
… Disagreement and Respect Darwin rarely engaged with critics publically. Letters exchanged …
… Richard Owen, the eminent comparative anatomist, show how Darwin tried to manage strong disagreement …
… were less severe, the relationship quickly deteriorated and Darwin came to regard him as a bitter …
… of respect. Letter 2548 — Sedgwick, Adam to Darwin, C. R., 24 Nov 1859 Adam …
… which can neither be proved nor disproved”. He says that Darwin’s “grand principle natural …
… and as his true-hearted friend. Letter 2555 — Darwin, C. R. to Sedgwick, Adam, 26 Nov …
… have influenced the conclusions at which he has arrived. Darwin does not think the book will be …
… and incoming of living species” and so could not regard Darwin’s attempt to demonstrate the nature …
… at length a conversation with Owen concerning Origin . Darwin notes “that at bottom he goes …
… he thinks a sort of Bear was the grandpapa of Whales!” Darwin has heard Herschel considered his book …

Darwin in letters, 1876: In the midst of life

Summary

1876 was the year in which the Darwins became grandparents for the first time. And tragically lost their daughter-in-law, Amy, who died just days after her son's birth. All the letters from 1876 are now published in volume 24 of The Correspondence…

Matches: 23 hits

… The year 1876 started out sedately enough with Darwin working on the first draft of his book on the …
… games. ‘I have won, hurrah, hurrah, 2795 games’, Darwin boasted; ‘my wife … poor creature, has won …
… regarding the ailments that were so much a feature of Darwin family life. But the calm was not to …
… four days later. ‘I cannot bear to think of the future’, Darwin confessed to William on 11 …
… once, the labour of checking proofs proved a blessing, as Darwin sought solace for the loss of his …
… and his baby son Bernard now part of the household, and Darwin recasting his work on dimorphic and …
… had involved much time and effort the previous year, and Darwin clearly wanted to focus his …
… When Smith, Elder and Company proposed reissuing two of Darwin’s three volumes of the geology of …
… single-volume edition titled Geological observations , Darwin resisted making any revisions at …
… volume, Coral reefs , already in its second edition. Darwin was nevertheless ‘firmly resolved not …
… meticulous correction of errors in the German editions made Darwin less anxious about correcting the …
… to Carus. ( Letter to J. V. Carus, 24 April 1876. ) Darwin focused instead on the second …
… concentrated on the ‘means of crossing’, was seen by Darwin as the companion to Cross and self …
… return to old work than part of the future work outlined by Darwin in his ‘little Autobiography’ ( …
… holiday after finishing Cross and self fertilisation , Darwin took up the suggestion made by a …
… for his family only. Writing for an hour every afternoon, Darwin finished his account on 3 August …
… dimittis.”’ (‘Recollections’, pp. 418–19). Darwin remained firm in his resolution to …
… ever return to the consideration of man.’ In particular, Darwin seemed eager to avoid issues that …
… wrote with the good news that he could restore Darwin to a religious life. This transformation would …
… that used to be called transmigration, Nemo pointed out to Darwin, adding, ‘the term nowadays is …
… enemies... Views such as these were easy enough for Darwin to dismiss, but it was more …
… St George Jackson Mivart in his Lessons from nature that Darwin had ‘at first studiously …
… unjust, but it was also the latest attack by the one man who Darwin felt had treated him ‘basely’ …

Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms

Summary

‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…

Matches: 20 hits

… heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old …
… to adapt to varying conditions. The implications of Darwin’s work for the boundary between animals …
… studies of animal instincts by George John Romanes drew upon Darwin’s early observations of infants, …
… of evolution and creation. Many letters flowed between Darwin and his children, as he took delight …
… Financial support for science was a recurring issue, as Darwin tried to secure a Civil List pension …
… with Samuel Butler, prompted by the publication of Erasmus Darwin the previous year. …
… Charles Harrison Tindal, sent a cache of letters from two of Darwin’s grandfather’s clerical friends …
… divines to see a pig’s body opened is very amusing’, Darwin replied, ‘& that about my …
… registry offices, and produced a twenty-page history of the Darwin family reaching back to the …
… the world’ ( letter from J. L. Chester, 3 March 1880 ). Darwin’s sons George and Leonard also …
… and conciliate a few whose ancestors had not featured in Darwin’s Life . ‘In an endeavour to …
… think I must pay a round of visits.’ One cousin, Reginald Darwin, warmed to George: ‘he had been …
… an ordinary mortal who could laugh’ ( letter from W. E. Darwin to Charles and Emma Darwin, 22 July …
… whose essay on Erasmus’s scientific work complemented Darwin’s biographical piece. Krause’s essay …
… Kosmos in February 1879, an issue produced in honour of Darwin’s birthday. Krause enlarged and …
… superficial and inaccurate piece of work’, although Darwin advised him not to ‘expend much powder …
… in the last sentence. When Butler read Erasmus Darwin , he noted the reference to his work, and …
… the position I have taken as regards D r Erasmus Darwin in my book Evolution old & New, and …
… 3 January 1880 ). At the top of Butler’s letter, Emma Darwin wrote: ‘it means war we think’. …
… a grievance to hang an article upon’ ( letter from W. E. Darwin, [28 January 1880] ). …

Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year

Summary

The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…

Matches: 25 hits

… 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working …
… dispute over an anonymous review that attacked the work of Darwin’s son George dominated the second …
… and traveller Alexander von Humboldt’s 105th birthday, Darwin obliged with a reflection on his debt …
… ). The death of a Cambridge friend, Albert Way, caused Darwin’s cousin, William Darwin Fox, to …
… from W. D. Fox, 8 May [1874] ). Such reminiscences led Darwin to the self-assessment, ‘as for one …
… I feel very old & helpless The year started for Darwin with a week’s visit to …
… Andrew Clark, whom he had been consulting since August 1873. Darwin had originally thought that …
… ( letter to B. J. Sulivan, 6 January [1874] ). Darwin mentioned his poor health so frequently in …
… 1874 ). Séances, psychics, and sceptics Darwin excused himself for reasons of …
… by George Henry Lewes and Marian Evans (George Eliot), but Darwin excused himself, finding it too …
… the month, another Williams séance was held at the home of Darwin’s cousin Hensleigh Wedgwood. Those …
… imposter’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 27 January 1874 ). Darwin agreed that it was ‘all imposture’ …
… stop word getting to America of the ‘strange news’ that Darwin had allowed ‘a spirit séance’ at his …
… the first three months of the year and, like many of Darwin’s enterprises in the 1870s, were family …
… 21, letter to Smith, Elder & Co., 17 December [1873] ). Darwin himself had some trouble in …
… and letter to Charles Lyell, [13 January 1874] ). Darwin blamed his illness for the …
… . In his preface ( Coral reefs 2d ed., pp. v–vii), Darwin reasserted the priority of his work. …
… for the absence of coral-reefs in certain locations. Darwin countered with the facts that low …
… whole coastline of a large island. Dana also thought that Darwin had seen fringing reefs as proof of …
… presentation copy, Dana sent an apology for misinterpreting Darwin on this point ( letter from J. D …
… Alongside his revision of Coral reefs, Darwin went to work on a new edition of Descent . In …
… George Cupples, a Scottish deerhound expert who forwarded Darwin’s queries about the numbers of …
… had raged between himself and Richard Owen since the 1860s. Darwin had omitted this controversial …
… elements of geology , and with the cheaper sixth edition of Darwin’s own Origin . (The first …
… Murray’s partner, Robert Francis Cooke, informed Darwin that the lower price would bring the profits …

Evolution: Selected Letters of Charles Darwin 1860-1870

Summary

This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific colleagues around the world; letters by the critics who tried to stamp out his ideas, and by admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of…

Matches: 14 hits

… This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific …
… admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of Darwin’s life in 1860, in the immediate …
… of publication of Descent of Man in 1871. In this period Darwin became a public figure, and the …
… increased accordingly. Letters conveyed public reaction to Darwin, as people who were often complete …
… worked up, or their religious doubts and concerns for Darwin’s own soul. Darwin himself used letters …
… world a questionnaire on the expression of the emotions. Darwin also continued to confide in his …
… yet been pointed out to me. No doubt many will be. Darwin to Huxley, 1860. …
… have been miserably uncomfortable. Emma to Charles Darwin, 1861. I am …
… gravitating towards your doctrines … Huxley to Darwin, 1862. I cannot bear …
… what you think about the derivation of Species … Darwin to Charles Lyell, 1863. …
… fairly settled & succeeding in India. John Scott to Darwin, 1864. I …
… was quite out of balance once during our voyage … Darwin to Hooker (on hearing of Robert …
… that the necks of your horses are badly galled … Darwin to a local landowner, 1866. …
… should be still very far off. Mary Boole to Darwin, 1866. Never, for God’s …

Darwin in letters, 1875: Pulling strings

Summary

‘I am getting sick of insectivorous plants’, Darwin confessed in January 1875. He had worked on the subject intermittently since 1859, and had been steadily engaged on a book manuscript for nine months; January also saw the conclusion of a bitter dispute…

Matches: 25 hits

… Editions Plants always held an important place in Darwin’s theorising about species, and …
… his periods of severe illness. Yet on 15 January 1875 , Darwin confessed to his close friend …
… way to continuous writing and revision, activities that Darwin found less gratifying: ‘I am slaving …
… bad.’ The process was compounded by the fact that Darwin was also revising another manuscript …
… coloured stamens.’ At intervals during the year, Darwin was diverted from the onerous task of …
… zoologist St George Jackson Mivart. In April and early May, Darwin was occupied with a heated …
… chapter of the controversy involved a slanderous attack upon Darwin’s son George, in an anonymous …
… on 12 January , breaking off all future communication. Darwin had been supported during the affair …
… Society of London, and a secretary of the Linnean Society, Darwin’s friends had to find ways of …
… pp. 16–17). ‘How grandly you have defended me’, Darwin wrote on 6 January , ‘You have also …
… in public. ‘Without cutting him direct’, he advised Darwin on 7 January , ‘I should avoid him, …
… & again’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 16 January 1875 ). Darwin had also considered taking up …
… , ‘I feel now like a pure forgiving Christian!’ Darwin’s ire was not fully spent, however, …
… in the same Quarterly article that attacked George. Darwin raised the matter at the end of the …
… to rest, another controversy was brewing. In December 1874, Darwin had been asked to sign a memorial …
… Hensleigh and Frances Wedgwood. She had corresponded with Darwin about the evolution of the moral …
… could not sign the paper sent me by Miss Cobbe.’ Darwin found Cobbe’s memorial inflammatory …
… memorial had been read in the House of Lords (see ' Darwin and vivisection '). …
… medical educators, and other interested parties. Darwin was summoned to testify on 3 November. It …
… ( Report of the Royal Commission on vivisection , p. 183). Darwin learned of Klein’s testimony …
… agree to any law, which should send him to the treadmill.’ Darwin had become acquainted with Klein …
… am astounded & disgusted at what you say about Klein,’ Darwin replied to Huxley on 1 November …
… the man.’ Poisons, plants, and print-runs Darwin’s keen interest in the progress of …
… leading physiologists. Indeed, some of the experiments that Darwin performed on plants, such as the …
… Vallisneria (tape grass). Fayrer had previously supplied Darwin with a quantity of the dried …

Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest

Summary

The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of Origin. Darwin got the fourth…

Matches: 22 hits

… The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now …
… and also a meeting with Herbert Spencer, who was visiting Darwin’s neighbour, Sir John Lubbock. In …
… all but the concluding chapter of the work was submitted by Darwin to his publisher in December. …
… hypothesis of hereditary transmission. Debate about Darwin’s theory of transmutation …
… alleged evidence of a global ice age, while Asa Gray pressed Darwin’s American publisher for a …
… for the Advancement of Science. Fuller consideration of Darwin’s work was given by Hooker in an …
… frustrations were punctuated by family bereavement. Two of Darwin’s sisters died, Emily Catherine …
… from painful illness. Diet and exercise Among Darwin’s first letters in the new year …
… every day’ ( letter to H. B. Jones, 3 January [1866] ). Darwin had first consulted Jones in July …
… ( letter from H. B. Jones, 10 February [1866] ). Darwin began riding the cob, Tommy, on 4 …
… day which I enjoy much.’ The new exercise regime led to Darwin’s being teased by his neighbour, John …
… John Lubbock, 4 August 1866 ). More predictably, however, Darwin immediately converted his renewed …
… Since the publication of Origin in November 1859, Darwin had continued gathering and organising …
… by natural selection was based. The work relied heavily on Darwin’s extensive correspondence over …
… and poultry expert William Bernhard Tegetmeier. In January, Darwin wrote to Tegetmeier that he was …
… ( letter to W. B. Tegetmeier, 16 January [1866] ). Darwin found the evidence of variation in …
… varieties from Columbia livia , the rock pigeon. Darwin on heredity: the 'provisional …
… chapter headed ‘Provisional hypothesis of pangenesis’, Darwin proposed that the various phenomena of …
… example, the reproductive organs, or the tissues of a bud. Darwin had submitted a preliminary sketch …
… & brimful of my dear little mysterious gemmules.’ Darwin collected information on …
… Thomas Rivers, and the German botanist Robert Caspary. Darwin was particularly interested in recent …
… the scion apparently produced buds with blended characters; Darwin had tried to propagate the …

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