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Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 20 hits

  • writings of Asa Gray, Charles Darwin, Joseph Dalton Hooker, Jane Loring Gray Louis Agassiz, Adam
  • this actor uses the words of Jane Loring Gray, Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hugh Falconer, Louis Agassiz, …
  • of natural selection to his friend, the botanist, Joseph D Hooker GRAY:   3   Charles
  • year 1839, and copied and communicated to Messrs Lyell and Hooker in 1844, being a part of
  • DARWIN:   7   January 1844. My dear Hooker. I have beenengaged in a very presumptuous work
  • to various ends. THE CONCURRENCE OF BOTANISTS: 1855 In which Darwin initiates a long
  • the letter. DARWIN8   April 25 th 1855. My dear [Dr Gray]. I hope you will
  • … ‘Arct. Asia’… GRAY:   9   May 22 nd 1855. Harvard University. My Dear Sir, I
  • sheet of note-paper! DARWIN11   My dear HookerWhat a remarkably nice and kind
  • 22   Hurrah I got yesterday my 41st Grass! Hooker is younger than Darwin and Gray by
  • species beforeDARWIN24   My dear Hookeryou cannot imagine how pleased I am
  • on your bowels of immutability. Darwin passes to Hooker a brace of letters 25
  • there is a little rap for you. GRAY:   26   Hooker [is] dreadfully paradoxical to
  • as well as any man. I send itDarwin passes to Hooker an envelope of seeds. …
  • and Hawks have often been seen in mid Atlantic. HOOKER:   28   Thanks for your letter
  • pleased to have. DARWIN33   My dear Hooker. Thanks, also, for [your] Photograph, …
  • JANUARY 1844 8  C DARWIN TO A GRAY, 25 APRIL 1855 9  A GRAY TO C DARWIN, …
  • 24 AUGUST 1856 17  C DARWIN TO A GRAY, 8 JUNE 1855 18  C DARWIN TO A
  • 1857 22  C DARWIN TO JD HOOKER, 18 JULY 1855 23  JD HOOKER TO C DARWIN, …
  • C DARWIN, 1819 AUGUST 1862 149 C DARWIN TO J. D. HOOKER 26 JULY 1863 150

Darwin and Down

Summary

Charles and Emma Darwin, with their first two children, settled at Down House in the village of Down (later ‘Downe’) in Kent, as a young family in 1842.   The house came with eighteen acres of land, and a fifteen acre meadow.  The village combined the…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … abyss & immensity of all British Plants.T To J. D. Hooker,  15 [June 1855] …
  • … On plant diversity and the struggle for existence: To J. D. Hooker,  5 June [1855] : Darwin …

Darwin’s hothouse and lists of hothouse plants

Summary

Darwin became increasingly involved in botanical experiments in the years after the publication of Origin. The building of a small hothouse - a heated greenhouse - early in 1863  greatly increased the range of plants that he could keep for scientific…

Matches: 15 hits

  • purposes’ (see  Correspondence  vol10, letter to JD. Hooker, 24 December [1862] , and
  • for his botanical work, at Down House since the winter of 18556 (see CDs Classed account book
  • to touch (see  Correspondence  vol10, letter to JD. Hooker, 12 [December 1862] and n13). …
  • … [1862] ( Correspondence  vol10) Darwin told Hooker: I have almost resolved to
  • of prizes & is very observant. He believes that we sh d  succeed with a little patience; …
  • mid-January, and completed by mid-February (see letters to JD. Hooker, 13 January [1863] and
  • plants for use in a wide variety of experiments. He told Hooker that he waslooking with much
  • shall keep to curious & experimental plants’ (letter to JD. Hooker, 13 January [1863] ). …
  • with whom he had dealt over many years. In his letter to Hooker, Darwin mentioned that he hoped to
  • … ‘awful sumsthat he imagined they would cost to buy. Hookers response was unequivocal: ‘You will
  • plants you want before going to Nurserymen’ (letter from JD. Hooker, [15 January 1863] ). …
  • avoid[,] of course I must not have from Kew’ (letter to JD. Hooker, 30 January [1863] ). …
  • … ‘I long to stock it, just like a school-boy’ (letter to JDHooker, 15 February [1863] ). On
  • for, but which I did not like to ask for’ (letter to JD. Hooker, [21 February 1863] ). He had, …
  • proffering further advice on cultivation (see letter from JD. Hooker, [6 March 1863] ). …

Darwin in letters, 1851-1855: Death of a daughter

Summary

The letters from these years reveal the main preoccupations of Darwin’s life with a new intensity. The period opens with a family tragedy in the death of Darwin’s oldest and favourite daughter, Anne, and it shows how, weary and mourning his dead child,…

Matches: 13 hits

  • in zoological matters, just as he did on Joseph Dalton Hookers in botany. Moreover, this circle of
  • naturalists whom he believed deserved recognition. In 1855, he nominated John Obadiah Westwood for
  • in his health was indicated by his comment in a letter to Hooker on 29 [May 1854] : ‘Very far
  • also drawing the botanist Miles Joseph Berkeley, his friend Hooker, and various readers of the
  • such speculative, large-scale geological changes. As he told Hooker in a letter of 5 June [1855] …
  • arguments for the dispersal of animals and plants with Hooker who, with Charles Lyell and Edward
  • out his species essay in full. In 1850, he had written to Hooker ( Correspondence  vol. 4, …
  • fertility of hybrids, Darwin began in the spring of 1855 a series of hybridising experiments with
  • of specialists in his cirripede study, so Darwin began in 1855 to establish a comparable, yet even
  • travelogues that described unusual domestic breeds. Early in 1855, following the advice of William
  • breeding. As Darwin told Fox in a letter of 27 March [1855] , the object of his work wasto view
  • wish it Throughout the correspondence of 1854 and 1855, the overwhelming impression given
  • is perverse & will not do as I wish it’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 7 May [1855] ). But, whether

Scientific Networks

Summary

Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…

Matches: 12 hits

  • tapping into the networks of others, such as Joseph Dalton Hooker and Asa Gray, who were at leading
  • of face-to-face contact. His correspondence with Joseph Hooker and Asa Gray illustrates how close
  • The first is between Darwin and his friend Kew botanist J. D. Hooker. The second is between Darwin
  • Letter 736Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 23 Feb [1844] Darwin begins with a charming
  • Letter 1674Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 25 Apr [1855] Darwin opens by reminding Harvard
  • Letter 1685Gray, Asa to Darwin, C. R., 22 May 1855 Gray recalled meeting Darwin three
  • Letter 1202Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 6 Oct [1848] Darwin catches up on personal
  • name to specific name. Letter 1220Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, C. R., 3 Feb 1849 In
  • Letter 1260Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 12 Oct 1849 Darwin opens by discussing their
  • Letter 1720Darwin, C. R. to Lubbock, John, 19 [July 1855] Darwin congratulates Lubbock on
  • 1751Darwin, C. R. to Tegetmeier, W. B., 31 Aug [1855] Darwin thanks W. B. Tegetmeier for
  • 1788Darwin, C. R. to Tegetmeier, W. B., [2 Dec 1855] Darwin raises queries resulting

Darwin's bad days

Summary

Despite being a prolific worker who had many successes with his scientific theorising and experimenting, even Darwin had some bad days. These times when nothing appeared to be going right are well illustrated by the following quotations from his letters:

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Despite being a prolific worker who had many successes with his scientific theorising and …

What is an experiment?

Summary

Darwin is not usually regarded as an experimenter, but rather as an astute observer and a grand theorist. His early career seems to confirm this. He began with detailed note-taking, collecting and cataloguing on the Beagle, and edited a descriptive zoology…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … the large networks of institutional heads like Joseph Dalton Hooker and Asa Gray. Darwin adopted a …
  • … & will not do as I wish it’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 7 May [1855] ). But increasingly over time, …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 18 hits

  • in South Africa. Letter 6736 - Gray, A. & J. L to Darwin, [8 & 9 May 1869] …
  • of wormholes. Letter 8611 - Cupples, A. J. to Darwin, E., [8 November1872] …
  • Darwins behalf. Letter 8683 - Roberts, D. to Darwin, [17 December 1872] …
  • little treatise”. Letter 4436 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [26-27 March 1864] …
  • and orangs. Letter 5705 - Haast, J. F. J. von to Darwin, [4 December 1867] …
  • in a marble tablet”. Letter 6815 - Scott, J. to Darwin, [2 July 1869] John
  • 1701 - Morris, M. H. to Prior, R. C. A., [17 June 1855] Margaretta Hare Morris
  • Men: Letter 385  - Wedgwood, S. E. & J. to Darwin, [10 November 1837] …
  • at Maer Hall, Staffordshire. Letter 1219  - Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, [3 February
  • …  - Henslow, G. to Darwin, [11 November 1865] J. S. Henslows son, George, passes on the
  • 1701  - Morris, M. H. to Prior, R. C. A., [17 June 1855] Margaretta Hare Morris
  • Men: Letter 1836  - Berkeley, M. J. to Darwin, [7 March 1856] Clergyman and
  • The experiments were carried outat the suggestion of Dr Hookerand what little he has ascertained
  • to feed to them. Letter 2069  - Tenant, J. to Darwin, [31 March 1857] James
  • University of Bonn. Letter 6046  - Weir, J. J. to Darwin, [24 March 1868] …
  • Women: Letter 2345 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [20 October 1858] Darwin
  • of style. Letter 2461  - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [11 May 1859] Darwin
  • as such”. Letter 2475  - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [2 July 1859] Darwin

Darwin’s reading notebooks

Summary

In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…

Matches: 26 hits

  • 4  [Pierquin de Gembloux 1839]. Said to be good by D r  L. Lindsay 5 [DAR *119: 1v. …
  • … [A. von Humboldt 1811] Richardsons Fauna Borealis [J. Richardson 182937] …
  • Brown 1814] & at the end of Congo voyage [R. Brown 1818]. (Hooker 923) 7  read
  • on Annals of Nat. Hist. [Jenyns 1838] Prichard; a 3 d . vol [Prichard 183647] Lawrence [W. …
  • Teneriffe. in Pers. Narr. [A. von Humboldt 181429] D r  Royle on Himmalaya types [Royle
  • reference to authors about E. Indian Islands 8 consult D r  Horsfield [Horsfield 1824] …
  • sheep [Youatt 1831, 1834, 1837]. Verey Philosophie dHist. Nat. [Virey 1835] read
  • Paper on consciousness in brutes Blackwood June 1838 [J. F. Ferrie 1838]. H. C. Watson on
  • Crawford Eastern Archipelago [Crawfurd 1820] Raffeles d[itt]o [T. S. B. Raffles 1817] …
  • … [Temminck 181315] read Temminck has written Coup d’œil sur la Fauna des iles de la Sonde et
  • to White Nat. Hist of Selbourne [E. T. Bennett ed. 1837 and [J. Rennie] ed. 1833] read 19  : …
  • what have they written.? “Hunt” [J. Hunt 1806] p. 290
  • He is Horticulturist in France. Michaux, according to Hooker has written on topography of N. …
  • chiefly on distribution of forms said to be Poor Sir. J. Edwards Botanical Tour [?J. E. Smith
  • Butler. 3. first sermons [Butler 1834] recommended by Sir. J. Mackintosh J. Long Moral Nature
  • … ]. many very useful papers for me:— not in Hort. Soc. Hooker? Rogets Bridgewater Treatise
  • … —— Mauritius & C. of Good Hope Hooker recommends order [Backhouse
  • Decandolles Veg: Organ: } recommended by  Hooker . [A. P. de
  • C. Watson 1845]— gives up permanent species (alluded to by Hooker) Foreign & British Med. …
  • 43 Lindleys Vegetable Kingdom [Lindley 1846]. Hooker says very good for my purpose
  • Phytologist [ Phytologistmust be read . Hooker. read Fortunes Travels in China
  • Life of Sheridan [T. Moore 1825] Hucs China [Huc 1855] —read } recom by Erasmus. Watt
  • Rev d  Baden Powel on the Unity of Worlds [Powell 1855]—discusses Vestiges [Chambers] 1847], must
  • 172] D r . Youngs Life by Peacock [Peacock 1855] praised by Erasmus.— Read
  • 12. Begin vol. 13. 98  HucsChinese Empire” [Huc 1855] several Dogs & Cats described. (read) …
  • …   Impériale et Centrale d'Horticulture de Paris ] vol. 1 1855. (I have read p. 209 to 268.) …

Scientific Practice

Summary

Specialism|Experiment|Microscopes|Collecting|Theory Letter writing is often seen as a part of scientific communication, rather than as integral to knowledge making. This section shows how correspondence could help to shape the practice of science, from…

Matches: 18 hits

  • Letter 1635Darwin, C. R. to Huxley, T. H., 20 Feb [1855?] …
  • Letter 4895Darwin, C. R. to Müller, J. F. T., 20 Sept [1865] Darwin thanks Müller for
  • thinks seems probable. Letter 5173Müller, J. F. T. to Darwin, C. R., 2 Aug 1866
  • to be dichogamous. Letter 5429Müller, J. F. T. to Darwin, C. R., 4 Mar 1867
  • of other species. Letter 5480Müller, J. F. T. to Darwin, C. R., 1 Apr 1867
  • Letter 5551Darwin, C. R. to Müller, J. F. T., 26 May [1867] Darwin thanks Müller for
  • Letter 207Darwin, C. R. to Fox, W. D., 23 May 1833 Darwin tells Fox to buy a microscope. …
  • to geology. Letter 1018Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., [6 Nov 1846] Darwin
  • full of observations on barnacles and he would like to meet Hooker in London. Letter 1166
  • Owen might discuss the topic [in his contribution to J. F. W. Herschel, ed., Manual of scientific
  • superior”. Letter 1174Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 10 May 1848 Darwin
  • result of applying it to cirripede sexual systems. He tells Hooker that he sent Owen an account of
  • book. Letter 1140Darwin, C. R. to Ross, J. C., 31 Dec 1847 Darwin asks Ross to
  • C. R. to Gould, A. A., 20 Aug [1849] Darwin thanks J. D. Dana for cirripede specimens. Darwin
  • This collection of letters, written between Darwin and Hooker whilst Darwin was preparing his
  • history. Letter 1202Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 6 Oct [1848] Darwin writes
  • name to specific name. Letter 1220Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, C. R., 3 Feb 1849
  • descriptions. Letter 1260Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 12 Oct 1849 Darwin

Darwin in letters, 1856-1857: the 'Big Book'

Summary

In May 1856, Darwin began writing up his 'species sketch’ in earnest. During this period, his working life was completely dominated by the preparation of his 'Big Book', which was to be called Natural selection. Using letters are the main…

Matches: 15 hits

  • in his immediate circle were Charles Lyell and Joseph Dalton Hooker, who were joined in 1856 by
  • way before. ‘How very odd it is that no zoologist sh  d . ever have thought it worth while to look
  • to make my Book as perfect as ever I can.’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 8 February [1857] ). …
  • experiments on plants. Expanding projects set up during 1855 and 1856 (see  Correspondence  vol. 5
  • than their lowland relatives. But a last-minute check with Hooker revealed that Darwin was mistaken: …
  • pretty effectuallycomplained Darwin in 1857 ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [2 May 1857] ). …
  • calculations and different ways of working, in letters to Hooker, Gray, and Watson. The results
  • an equally difficult problem that he took in turn to Watson, Hooker, George Bentham, and the Belfast
  • show a separation of the sexes, a proposal that Asa Gray and Hooker confirmed during the course of
  • … (see  Correspondence  vol. 3), he had begun in 1855 a series of researches designed to explain how
  • of his study was the series of experiments begun in 1855 based on soaking a wide variety of seeds in
  • zoological gardens in London. As he cheerfully explained to Hooker: ‘I must tell you another of my  …
  • bird had naturally eaten have grown well.’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 10 December [1856] ). …
  • in this area, for Charles Lyell thought that Wallaces 1855 paper implied some kind of belief in
  • … [1856] ). It was after this meeting that Darwin wrote to Hooker to say that Lyell had pressed him

Darwin in letters, 1844–1846: Building a scientific network

Summary

The scientific results of the Beagle voyage still dominated Darwin's working life, but he broadened his continuing investigations into the nature and origin of species. Far from being a recluse, Darwin was at the heart of British scientific society,…

Matches: 20 hits

  • specimens by the young botanist and traveller, Joseph Dalton Hooker. More than 1200 letters between
  • and Richard Owen shows. These friends, with the addition of Hooker, were important to Darwin for
  • Darwin discussed his ideas on species mutability with Hooker, Horner, Jenyns, Lyell, Owen, and
  • after their first exchange, early in 1844, Darwin told Hooker that he was engaged in avery
  • … (it is like confessing a murder) immutable’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [11 January 1844] ). Nine
  • heterodox opinions and later in the year both Jenyns and Hooker were invited to read a manuscript
  • In the event, it was not until the beginning of 1847 that Hooker was given a fair copy of the essay
  • attributed the book to him. But, as his letters to Hooker show, Darwin carefully considered and then
  • Forbes, and Owen were deleted, Henslows was queried, and J. D. Hookers was added. Much later, by
  • on species ( Natural selection ), he had decided that Hooker was by far the best man for the task
  • an argument against the French palaeontologist Alcide dOrbigny, insisting that the vast pampas
  • Journal of researches , and his species work. Joseph Hooker and the Beagle plant
  • and apparently relieved to handover Darwins plants to Hooker, who had just returned from
  • of the Southern Hemisphere. Darwin was quick to spot in Hooker a man he judged could become the
  • laws of creation, Geographical Distribution’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [10 February 1845] ) and
  • and European botanists. Darwins questions challenged Hooker to apply his particular knowledge to
  • that is not touched upon in their correspondence. Hookers observations on classification provided
  • that of Waterhouse with respect to the animal kingdom. Hooker was also ready to discuss contemporary
  • from each other. The letters also document aspects of Hookers life: his search for a paid position, …
  • … - Darwin's work on barnacles It was also Hooker who helped Darwin in the first stages of

Darwin's notes for his physician, 1865

Summary

On 20 May 1865, Emma Darwin recorded in her diary that John Chapman, a prominent London publisher who had studied medicine in London and Paris in the early 1840s, visited Down to consult with Darwin about his ill health. In 1863 Chapman started to treat…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … and inflammation of the joints (see, for example, Holland 1855, p. 233, and Garrod 1863, pp. 263-4). …

New material added to the American edition of Origin

Summary

A ‘revised and augmented’ American edition of Origin came on the market in July 1860, and was the only authorised edition available in the US until 1873. It incorporated many of the changes Darwin made to the second English edition, but still contained…

Matches: 13 hits

  • way toward publishing the book. Indeed, by early in January D. Appleton & Co. had Origin in
  • Acting on Darwins behalf, Gray duly contacted D. Appleton to inquire about authors copyright and
  • … [17 January 1860], and 23 January 1860). Although D. Appleton was not obliged by United
  • changed his mind. On 31 January he told Joseph Dalton Hooker that he was preparing ahistorical
  • to Asa Gray, 1 February [1860]). By 1 May 1860, D. Appleton had sold the bulk of the 2250
  • the only one available in the United States until 1873, when D. Appleton prepared a new edition
  • prejudices. In 1846, the veteran geologist, M. J. dOmalius dHalloz, published in an
  • the modification to the change of circumstances. The author (1855) has treated Psychology on the
  • du monde, la forme, le volume et la durée de chacun deux, en raison de sa destinée dans lordre de
  • the Rev. Baden Powell, in his Essays on the Unity of Worlds, 1855. Nothing can be more striking than
  • edition of this work was published. In December, 1859, Dr. Hooker published his Introduction to the
  • inordinate increase of specific forms throughout the world. Hooker has recently shown that in the S. …
  • having read the discussions on this subject by Lyell and by Hooker in regard to plants, concur only

Suggested reading

Summary

  Contemporary writing Anon., The English matron: A practical manual for young wives, (London, 1846). Anon., The English gentlewoman: A practical manual for young ladies on their entrance to society, (Third edition, London, 1846). Becker, L. E.…

Matches: 5 hits

  • Becker: A cameo life-sketch ,  (London, 1912). Hooker, J. D.,  On the flora of
  • illustrations of character and conduct ,  (London, 1855). Stickney-Ellis, S.,  The
  • … 'Women and work' pp. 124-151. Bernstein, S. D., ‘‘Supposed differences’: Lydia
  • scientific thinking  (London, 2006). Browne, JDarwins Origin of species : A b
  • world, 1820 - 1885 , (Georgia, 2007). Harvey, J., ‘‘Darwins angels’: The women

Darwin’s study of the Cirripedia

Summary

Darwin’s work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed problems for historians. Coming between his transmutation notebooks and the Origin of species, it has frequently been interpreted as a digression from Darwin’s species work. Yet…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … or elevating it to a separate class altogether (R. Owen 1855). Milne-Edwards and Owen also relied …
  • … class between the Crustacea and the Annelida (R. Owen 1855).^7^ Darwin, however, with his particular …
  • … to hermaphrodite cirripedes, for example,  Darwin informed Hooker of this interesting discovery and …
  • … Toward the end of his study of Balanus , in a letter to Hooker on 25 September [1853] ( …
  • … of his theory of evolution can be recognised. Indeed, both Hooker and Huxley believed that the …

Darwin's health

Summary

On 28 March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend Joseph Hooker from Great Malvern in Worcestershire, where Dr James Manby Gully ran a fashionable water-cure establishment. Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to…

Matches: 18 hits

  • …  was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend Joseph Hooker from Great Malvern in Worcestershire, …
  • establishment. Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to Hookers letter which he put down to his
  • he took Dr Gullys water cure. In Darwins letter to Hooker, he described Dr Gullys treatment: …
  • the years around 1848, 1852, 1859, and 1863. In a letter to Hooker in April of 1861for example, …
  • vomiting wonderfully & I am gaining vigour .’ (letter to JDHooker, 13 April [1864] ) …
  • … (see, for example, Correspondence vol. 2, letter to J. S. Henslow, 14 October [1837] , …
  • House MS), which he kept between 1 July 1849 and 16 January 1855, describes almost daily occurrences
  • attacks ofperiodical vomitingin a letter to W. D. Fox, [7 June 1840] ( Correspondence vol
  • 1849] , andvomiting every weekin his letter to J. D. Hooker, 28 March 1849 ( …
  • Correspondence vol. 12, letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, [6 May 1864] ). According to Emma
  • decision to consult John Chapman.  In a letter to J. D. Hooker, [20-] 22 February [1864] ( …
  • 1995, pp. 428-9. On his difficulties reading, see letters to J. D. Hooker, 1 June [1865] and
  • from gout (see Correspondence vol. 1, letter to W. D. Fox, [25-9 January 1829] , and
  • discussed in Colp 1977, pp. 31-2, 47, 98. In his letter to J. D. Hooker, 5 March [1863] ( …
  • also Correspondence vol. 12, letter from Emma Darwin to J. D. Hooker, 17 March [1864] . …
  • … (see, for example, Correspondence vol. 4, letter to W. D. Fox, 24 [March 1849] , and
  • for several years (see Correspondence vol. 4, letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 October 1849 , and
  • his chronic vomiting ( Correspondence vol. 12, letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 April [1864] ). …

Thomas Henry Huxley

Summary

Dubbed “Darwin’s bulldog” for his combative role in controversies over evolution, Huxley was a leading Victorian zoologist, science popularizer, and education reformer. He was born in Ealing, a small village west of London, in 1825. With only two years of…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Huxley’ for the first time in a letter of 20 February [1855]. Darwin did have reservations about …