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3.8 Leonard Darwin, interior photo

Summary

< Back to Introduction Leonard Darwin, who created the distinctive image of his father sitting on the verandah at Down House, also portrayed him as a melancholy philosopher. His head, brightly lit from above, emerges from the enveloping darkness; he…

Matches: 15 hits

  • … &lt; Back to Introduction Leonard Darwin, who created the distinctive image of his father
  • is here an obvious relationship to Oulesss painting of Darwin, and to the photographs taken by
  • on a boys mind?’ This was written as late as 1929, when Leonard was himself nearly eighty, but it
  • descriptions of him. At the same time, photographs of Darwin taken by his family and friends have an
  • Magazine. Desmond and Moore, in their biography of Darwin, captioned itabout 1874’, while
  • above, it would need to have been early in that year. A letter which Leonard wrote to his father
  • … (unspecified, and now absent) might refer to the portrait of Darwin, although a pencilled note on
  • he took it in 1878.   It was this photograph which Leonard himself sent to Anthony Rich, a
  • and illustrator, created a bold wood-engraved image of Darwins head and shoulders from Leonards
  • Magazine , written by its editor Shirley Hibberd in 1881, and well expresses Hibberds conviction
  • our one great prophet in the region of facts’. Leonards image was also copied in a drawing which
  • Leipzig in 1882 . Francis Darwin lent the woodburytype of Leonards photograph to Edward Woodall, …
  • DAR 186.34 (DCP-LETT-11484), Leonard Darwins letter to his father, enclosing unidentified
  • actually appeared in the GardenersMagazine (20 Aug. 1881), illustrating Hibberds article, ‘Mr
  • Cambridge University Press, 1909), p. 47, no. 252. Richs letter to the Darwin family mentioning

Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small

Summary

In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…

Matches: 22 hits

  • In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous
  • for scientific colleagues or their widows facing hardship. Darwin had suffered from poor health
  • … ‘I feel a very old man, &amp; my course is nearly run’ ( letter to Lawson Tait, 13 February 1882 ) …
  • in Down, where his brother Erasmus had been interred in 1881. But some of his scientific friends
  • Botanical observation and experiment had long been Darwins greatest scientific pleasure. The year
  • fertility of crosses between differently styled plants ( letter from Fritz Müller, 1 January 1882
  • working at the effects of Carbonate of Ammonia on roots,’ Darwin wrote, ‘the chief result being that
  • for some hours in a weak solution of C. of Ammonia’. Darwins interest in root response and the
  • London on 6 and 16 March, respectively. In January, Darwin corresponded with George John
  • François Marie Glaziou (see Correspondence vol. 28, letter from Arthur de Souza Corrêa, 20
  • experiments had been conducted to lend support to Darwins theory of pangenesis (see
  • He was eager to write up the results on Brazilian cane, with Darwin providing a detailed outline: ‘I
  • at the Linnean Society on 4 May, but not published. Darwin carried on with botanical work in
  • probably intending to test its effects on chlorophyll ( letter to Joseph Fayrer, 30 March 1882 ). …
  • last book, Earthworms , had been published in October 1881. It proved to be very popular, with
  • vol. 29, letter from J. F. Simpson, 8 November 1881 ). He remarked on thefar reaching
  • Correspondence vol. 29, letter to Emily Talbot, 19 July 1881 ) was also published in the
  • American, Caroline Kennard, had written on 26 December 1881 (see Correspondence vol. 29) to
  • on the topic of science and art. He had sat for Collier in 1881 for a portrait commissioned by the
  • Anthony Rich, he shared several of his sonsachievements. Leonard had been appointed to observe the
  • is always easier to write than to speak,’ she wrote to Leonard, ‘&amp; so though I shall see you so
  • … &amp; have been able to be to him’ (letter from Emma Darwin to Leonard Darwin, [21? April 1882] (DAR

Casting about: Darwin on worms

Summary

Earthworms were the subject of a citizen science project to map the distribution of earthworms across Britain (BBC Today programme, 26 May 2014). The general understanding of the role earthworms play in improving soils and providing nutrients for plants to…

Matches: 13 hits

  • for plants to flourish can be traced back to the last book Darwin wrote, snappily-titled The
  • … , with observations on their habits, which was published in 1881. Despite Darwins fears that a book
  • out in his Natural History of Selborne of 1789 (a book Darwin claimed hadmuch influence on my
  • a new field in natural history, and almost a century later Darwin argued that all fields had passed
  • variety of strange things he persuaded people to do. Darwin concluded that worms had no sense
  • a metal whistle and to being shouted at, but also to Francis Darwin playing the bassoon, and to Emma
  • whether worms possessed the power to lift a pavement. Leonard and George made calculations about
  • realising that this negative evidence was also valuable to Darwin. Thomas Henry Farrer , …
  • existence of worms at that altitude. By the 1870s, Darwin was also drawing on the work of
  • him. Soon worm excrement was trusted to postal services, and Darwin acquired casts from India and
  • observations he had gathered to write a book on the subject. Darwin brought to the topic the
  • whole soul is absorbed with worms just at present!’ ( letter to W. T. Thiselton Dyer, 23 November
  • … ‘worms have much bigger souls than anyone wd suppose’ ( letter to W. E. Darwin, 31 January [1881] …

Darwin’s Photographic Portraits

Summary

Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of photography for the study of Expression and Emotions in Man and Animal, but can be witnessed in his many photographic portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that…

Matches: 21 hits

  • Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of
  • portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that Darwin undertook throughout his lifetime
  • was jokingly lamenting his role as an intermediary for Darwin and his correspondents from around the
  • of friends and relatives was not a pursuit unique to Darwin (the exchange of photographic images was
  • reinforced his experimental and scientific network. Darwins Portraits Darwin sat for
  • famous photographers to studio portraitists looking to sell Darwins image to the masses. Between
  • in nineteenth-century photography. Darwins first photo-chemical experience
  • This particular daguerreotype is unique in terms of Darwins collection of photographsit is the
  • exchanged, but rather was an object of display placed on a Darwin family mantlepiece. The image
  • to the copy he had sent five years previously in his 1860 letter to Hooker , Darwin exclaimed
  • gaze. These photographs were rarely included in a Darwin letter, save for perhaps a very few close
  • Tommy. The man behind the camera was Darwins younger son, Leonard Darwin, who, six years later, …
  • ImageCharles Darwin on his horseTommy’, 1868, Leonard Darwin, Dar 225:116, ©Cambridge University
  • taken for public consumption. Responding to  a letter from a German translatorAdolph
  • which you do me the honour to wish to possess.” As the letter and photograph had to travel from Down
  • and Fry return to make his  carte , he asked his son, Leonard, to produce a more private image. …
  • was also made as a memento for both Darwin and for Leonard. Leonard was soon to depart on his long
  • a postmans bag. ImageCharles Darwin, 1878, Leonard Darwin, Dar 225:119, ©Cambridge
  • but well-kept garden. It was on this new veranda that Leonard took another portrait of his father, …
  • beardin 1864. ImageCharles Darwin, 1881, Elliot and Fry, Dar 140.1:32, ©Cambridge
  • carte correspondence. ImageCharles Darwin, 1881, Barraud, Dar 257:6, ©Cambridge

Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year

Summary

The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…

Matches: 17 hits

  • 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working
  • dispute over an anonymous review that attacked the work of Darwins son George dominated the second
  • and traveller Alexander von Humboldts 105th birthday, Darwin obliged with a reflection on his debt
  • be done by observation during prolonged intervals’ ( letter to D. T. Gardner, [ c . 27 August
  • pleasures of shooting and collecting beetles ( letter from W. D. Fox, 8 May [1874] ).  Such
  • Andone looks backwards much more than forwards’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ). …
  • Andrew Clark, whom he had been consulting since August 1873. Darwin had originally thought that
  • was an illusory hope.— I feel very old &amp; helpless’  ( letter to B. J. Sulivan, 6 January [1874] …
  • inferred that he was well from his silence on the matter ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 26 October
  • by George Henry Lewes and Marian Evans (George Eliot), but Darwin excused himself, finding it too
  • in such rubbish’, he confided to Joseph Dalton Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 18 January [1874] …
  • his, ‘&amp; that he was thus free to perform his antics’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 29 January [1874
  • in sympathy: ‘If anybody tries that on with my boy Leonard the old wolf will shew all the fangs he
  • … [1874] ). At the end of June, Darwins fourth son, Leonard, who had joined the Royal
  • son of the Astronomer Royal, George Biddell Airy, to help Leonard gain the commission ( …
  • took twelve weeks aboard the immigrant ship  Merope . Leonard joined a colourful collection of
  • failure of observations in New Zealand (see G. B. Airy ed. 1881). Darwins third son Francis

Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms

Summary

‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…

Matches: 18 hits

  • heart &amp; soul care for worms &amp; nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old
  • to adapt to varying conditions. The implications of Darwins work for the boundary between animals
  • studies of animal instincts by George John Romanes drew upon Darwins early observations of infants, …
  • of evolution and creation. Many letters flowed between Darwin and his children, as he took delight
  • Financial support for science was a recurring issue, as Darwin tried to secure a Civil List pension
  • with Samuel Butler, prompted by the publication of Erasmus Darwin the previous year. …
  • Charles Harrison Tindal, sent a cache of letters from two of Darwins grandfathers clerical friends
  • divines to see a pigs body opened is very amusing’, Darwin replied, ‘&amp; that about my
  • registry offices, and produced a twenty-page history of the Darwin family reaching back to the
  • have influenced the whole Kingdom, &amp; even the world’ ( letter from J. L. Chester, 3 March 1880
  • and conciliate a few whose ancestors had not featured in Darwins Life . ‘In an endeavour to
  • think I must pay a round of visits.’ One cousin, Reginald Darwin, warmed to George: ‘he had been
  • delighted to find an ordinary mortal who could laugh’ ( letter from W. E. Darwin to Charles and
  • much powder &amp; shot’ ( Correspondence vol. 27, letter from Ernst Krause, 7 June 1879 , and
  • modified; but now I much regret that I did not do so’ ( letter to Samuel Butler, 3 January 1880 ). …
  • from scientific debate. The matter spilled over into January 1881. With Henriettas aid, the advice
  • bags ( letter from G. J. Romanes, [6, 13, or 20] March 1881 ). Romanes was at work on a lengthy
  • memorial was eventually submitted to Gladstone in January 1881 and was successful. For a copy of the

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 24 hits

  • Re: DesignAdaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and othersby Craig
  • as the creator of this dramatisation, and that of the Darwin Correspondence Project to be identified
  • correspondence or published writings of Asa Gray, Charles Darwin, Joseph Dalton Hooker, Jane Loring
  • Actor 1Asa Gray Actor 2Charles Darwin Actor 3In the dress of a modern day
  • Agassiz, Adam Sedgwick, A Friend of John Stuart Mill, Emma Darwin, Horace Darwinand acts as a sort
  • the play unfolds and acting as a go-between between Gray and Darwin, and between the audience and
  • this, he sends out copies of his Review of the Life of Darwin. At this time in his life, Asa
  • friends in England, copies of hisReview of the Life of Darwin’… pencilling the address so that it
  • Joseph D Hooker GRAY:   3   Charles Darwinmade his home on the border of the little
  • are kept in check by a constitutional weakness. DARWIN: A plain but comfortable brick
  • by every blessing except that of vigorous healthDARWIN4   My confounded stomach
  • pursuits and the simplicity of his character. DARWIN:   5   I am allowed to work now
  • own house, where he was the most charming of hosts. DARWIN:   6   My life goes on
  • being a part of [an unpublished] manuscript. Darwin settles down to write. His tone is
  • THE CONCURRENCE OF BOTANISTS: 1855 In which Darwin initiates a long-running correspondence
  • his University) and is much less his own man. A letter from England catches his attention
  • 11   My dear HookerWhat a remarkably nice and kind letter Dr A. Gray has sent me in answer to my
  • be of any the least use to you? If so I would copy itHis letter does strike me as most uncommonly
  • on the geographical distribution of the US plants; and if my letter caused you to do this some year
  • a brace of letters 25   I send enclosed [a letter for you from Asa Gray], received
  • might like to see it; please be sure [to] return it. If your letter is Botanical and has nothing
  • Atlantic. HOOKER:   28   Thanks for your letter and its enclosure from A. Gray which
  • In which Gray, while continuing to provide stamps for Leonard Darwins collection, fails to be
  • 1877 191 A GRAY TO RW CHURCH, LATE IN STAY 1881 192  C DARWIN TO A GRAY, 19

1.18 John Collier, oil in Linnean

Summary

< Back to Introduction By 1881 it was clear to Darwin’s intimates that he was increasingly frail, and that, as he approached death, he had finally escaped from religious controversy to become a heroic figure, loved and venerated for his achievements…

Matches: 19 hits

  • … &lt; Back to Introduction By 1881 it was clear to Darwins intimates that he was
  • worthy likeness. While there were numerous photographs of Darwin in these last years, they lacked
  • to a commemorative function. Oulesss characterisation of Darwin as an introspective and melancholy
  • as a thinker.   George Romanes and other members of Darwins circle therefore gained his
  • by subscription, and donated to the Linnean Society. Darwins evolutionary theory had first been
  • Society in 1858. Moreover, the Society was now, in May 1881, dominated by Darwinians. Its President
  • as his recent portrait of Joseph Hooker testified. Moreover, Darwin wouldmost particularly
  • made him a member of the Darwinian set, with sympathy for Darwins ideas, and an informed interest
  • of an Artist (1926), shows him entirely attuned to Darwins theories on the origins of the human
  • with his intellectual sitters. Like the photographs taken by Darwins son Leonard, Colliers
  • later to a Singaporean newspaper, the sittings took place in Darwins study at Down Housethe
  • work and any other subject that cropped up.’ On 7 August 1881 Darwin was able to report to Romanes
  • far as I can judge, this seems true’ – Romanes agreed. Darwin added that Collierwas the most
  • As a further sign of their rapport, Collier later gave Darwin a copy of his newly published Primer
  • reviewerand he turned out to be the perfect choice. Darwin is seen in frontal view, with light
  • to distract from the benign but penetrating expression of Darwins eyes, with a highlighted wisp of
  • of image John Collier 
 date of creation 1881 
 computer-readable date
  • … . Linnean Society archive, manuscript letter LL/8, Darwin to Romanes, 27 May 1881. Correspondence
  • pp. 118121, correspondence between Romanes and Darwin in 1881 (DCP-LETT-13173, 13229, 13282). …

The Lyell–Lubbock dispute

Summary

In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…

Matches: 21 hits

  • of whom took immediate action to mediate a solution. Charles Darwin had close ties with both men and
  • …  In the concluding paragraphs of Origin , Darwin had predicted that arevolution in natural
  • he visited sites in both France and Germany (K. M. Lyell ed. 1881, 2: 336). In April 1860, Lubbock
  • species such as the mammoth ( Correspondence vol. 8, letter to Charles Lyell, 4 May [1860] and n. …
  • Thomas Henry Huxley, Busk, and several other supporters of Darwin in editing the Natural History
  • Galton.   In February 1863, Lubbock received a letter from Lyell, evidently in response
  • aspects of the book. Throughout the first half of 1863, Darwin discussed the book in correspondence
  • spoke out publicly about any controversial aspect.  Darwins chief complaint about the book
  • he thought aboutthe derivation of Species’. 8 Darwin continued to feel aggrieved about
  • transmutation; he also wrote to Lyell telling him about the letter to the Athenæum . 9
  • accusation, which had just appeared in the Athenæum . Darwin had not advised Falconer personally, …
  • 11 In the same review Lubbock expressed publicly what Darwin had said privately; that is, that
  • given thatthe whole tenor of his argumentsupported Darwins theory ([Lubbock] 1863b, p. 213). …
  • and went on to say that he intended to make a copy of his letter to show to friends. 18 In
  • of all three letters to a number of friends, including Darwin. 22 Just before he
  • who had also been sent copies of the letters, wrote to Darwin to ask what he thought of the affair ( …
  • asrude &amp; insultingand, in part, hardly intelligible. Darwin responded that, while he thought
  • on the topic of the dispute has been found, but Lyell sent Darwin the corrected proofs of the
  • London: John Murray. Lyell, Katharine Murray, ed. 1881Life, letters and journals of Sir
  • and London: University of Chicago Press. Wilson, Leonard Gilchrist. 1996a. Brixham Cave and
  • Archives of Natural History  23: 7997. Wilson, Leonard Gilchrist. 2002. A scientific libel: …

Fake Darwin: myths and misconceptions

Summary

Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive ones, with full debunking below...

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive …

Darwin in letters, 1837–1843: The London years to 'natural selection'

Summary

The seven-year period following Darwin's return to England from the Beagle voyage was one of extraordinary activity and productivity in which he became recognised as a naturalist of outstanding ability, as an author and editor, and as a professional…

Matches: 27 hits

  • The seven-year period following Darwin's return to England from the Beagle  voyage was one
  • a family Busy as he was with scientific activities, Darwin found time to re-establish family
  • close contact. In November 1838, two years after his return, Darwin became engaged to his cousin, …
  • daughter, Anne Elizabeth, moved to Down House in Kent, where Darwin was to spend the rest of his
  • his greatest theoretical achievement, the most important of Darwins activities during the years
  • identifications of his bird and fossil mammal specimens, Darwin arrived at the daring and momentous
  • in species. With this new theoretical point of departure Darwin continued to make notes and explore
  • present in the version of 1859. Young author Darwins investigation of the species
  • the  Beagle  had returned to England, news of some of Darwins findings had been spread by the
  • great excitement. The fuller account of the voyage and Darwins discoveries was therefore eagerly
  • suitable categories for individual experts to work upon, Darwin applied himself to the revision of
  • of the surveying voyage of H.M.S. Adventure and Beagle. Darwins volume bore the title  Journal
  • visited by H.M.S. BeagleAlso in November 1837, Darwin read the fourth of a series of papers to
  • to the Society of 9 March 1838), had been developed by Darwin from a suggestion made by his uncle, …
  • Sedgwick, [after 15 May 1838] ). The new research Darwin undertook after 1837 was an
  • time, the parallel terraces, orroads’, of Glen Roy. Darwin had seen similar formations on the
  • roads of Glen Roy’,  Collected papers  1: 88137). Darwin later abandoned this view, calling it a
  • contemporaneous unstratified deposits of South America”, Darwin continued to defend his and Lyells
  • G. R. WaterhouseBirds , by John GouldFish , by Leonard Jenyns; and  Reptiles , by Thomas
  • letters have suffered an even more severe loss. In a letter to Lyells sister-in-law, Katharine
  • of fact . . . on the origin &amp; variation of species” ( Letter to J. S. Henslow, [November 1839] …
  • that he had a sound solution to what J. F. W. Herschel in a letter to Lyell had called themystery
  • about searching for evidence to support his hypothesis. In a letter to Lyell, [14] September [1838
  • just the same, though I know what I am looking for&#039; ( Letter to G. R. Waterhouse, [26 July
  • there were no doubts as to how one ought to act’ ( Letter from Emma Darwin, [  c.  February 1839] …
  • for several months (See  Correspondence  vol. 1, letter to Caroline Darwin, 13 October 1834 , …
  • notebook). See also Allan 1977, pp. 12830). The letter, onDouble flowersto the  …

1.6 Ouless oil portrait

Summary

< Back to Introduction The first commissioned oil portrait of Darwin was painted by Walter William Ouless, who was given sittings at Down House in March 1875. The idea for such a portrait came from Darwin’s son William, who as far back as 1872 had…

Matches: 24 hits

  • The first commissioned oil portrait of Darwin was painted by Walter William Ouless, who was given
  • in March 1875. The idea for such a portrait came from Darwins son William, who as far back as
  • commission the eminent artist George Frederic Watts to paint Darwin at Down. ‘The expense will not
  • Portrait Gallery. Watts was in fact a great admirer of Darwin, and painted an allegory of
  • … ‘Earthmother’. Watts believed that scientists of Darwins stature inhabited akingdom of infinite
  • or artist’. Despite this, the idea that he should portray Darwin came to nothing. Wattss widow, in
  • that he had not been able to paint the great scientist’. Darwinwas not well enough to move to
  • more reasons for this impasse than such practical problems. Darwin was always wary of plans to make
  • too idiomatic or subjective to please all members of the Darwin family. Nevertheless the challenges
  • reported to a friend while his portrait was in progress that Darwin wasa most difficult man to get
  • … – not yet thirtywhen he was commissioned to paint Darwin, but he was already valued for the sober
  • thesimplicity and forceof his characterisation of Darwin; the Observers critic even wrote
  • look so I do not know’. Ouless was indeed conscious that Darwin was no longer viewed by the public
  • unworldly thoughtfulness emanating from the photographs of Darwin taken by Julia Margaret Cameron
  • is heightened in Oulesss portrait by the spotlighting of Darwinsvery venerablebearded head
  • prophets. As in many of these seventeenth-century paintings, Darwins head is lit from the further
  • and casting his left eye and temple into expressive shadow. Darwins dark-coloured, loose-fitting
  • not be more differentLike another portrayal of Darwin privately commissioned by his family
  • produced, but others preferred John Colliers portrait of 1881 for the Linnean Society. Emma Darwin, …
  • Nevertheless, the portrait remained for many years in the Darwin familys possession. Darwin in his
  • among the portraits of Darwinexhibited by William E. and Leonard Darwinat the First
  • canvas 
 references and bibliography letter of 1872 from William Darwin to
  • exhibition’, Observer (9 May 1875), p. 5. Undated letter from E.A. Waterton toDollman’, …
  • no. 8. ‘List of exhibits . . . exhibited by William E. and Leonard Darwin’, First International

2.7 Joseph Moore, Midland Union medal

Summary

< Back to Introduction The Midland Union was an association of natural history societies and field clubs across the Midland counties, intended to facilitate – especially through its journal The Midland Naturalist – ‘the interchange of ideas’ and…

Matches: 12 hits

  • Unions annual meeting in July 1880 to award an annualDarwin Prizefor the best article submitted
  • which could include, if he chose, a specially designedDarwin medalin either gold or bronze. The
  • and useful work’. A Manchester Guardian article, ‘Darwin and local scientific societies’, …
  • of the medal in 1880 had also been intended as a tribute to Darwin himself, on thecoming of age’ …
  • figure, and there was added pride in his Midland origins. Darwins permission had been sought for
  • with characteristic kindness and absence of condescension. Darwin wrote, ‘their wish to name the
  • source of happiness throughout life’.The design of the Darwin medal was appropriately entrusted to
  • his own determined efforts. His bust-length portrayal of Darwin in three-quarter view, signed in
  • On the reverse an inscription runs round the edge: ‘The Darwin medal founded by the Midland Union of
  • he had published in The Midland Naturalist between 1881 and 1885physical
  • gold or bronze  
 references and bibliography letter to E. W. Badger, [19 July 1880], DCP
  • 1882), p. 6. Manchester Guardian (2 May 1882), p. 6. Leonard Forrer, Biographical Dictionary