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From Charles Boner   [December 1869 – early January 1870]

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Summary

In answer to CD’s queries, relates further details about feral sheep: they are sterile when wild, but can become tame again.

Author:  Charles Boner
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [Dec 1869 – early Jan 1870]
Classmark:  DAR 160: 237
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7017

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Bibliography Boner, Charles. 1860. Chamois hunting in the mountains of Bavaria and the …
  • … 2d ed. , 2: 5 n.  10, CD cited Boner 1860 , p.  92, adding that Boner later found that …
  • … Hunting) in the 4 or 5 words missing 1860 p.  92) that 3 or 4 words missing wil

From Charles Boner   25 November [1869]

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Summary

Gives account of inherited blindness in a family,

and observations contravening CD’s view in Variation that sheep and other domestic animals never run wild.

Author:  Charles Boner
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  25 Nov [1869]
Classmark:  DAR 160: 238
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7010

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Bibliography Boner, Charles. 1860. Chamois hunting in the mountains of Bavaria and the …
  • … Variation 2: 32). Boner refers to Boner 1860 . After further discussion with Boner, CD …

From James Croll   15 February 1869

Summary

Thanks for abstract of Moseley’s paper on motion of glaciers [see 6599]. Reading it convinced him that Tyndall’s received view is wrong. Has formed a new view, which he has sent to Philosophical Magazine [4th ser. 37 (1869): 201–6].

Author:  James Croll
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  15 Feb 1869
Classmark:  DAR 161: 264
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6616

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Magazine 37: 201–6. Tyndall, John. 1860. The glaciers of the Alps. Being a narrative of …
  • … theories of glacier motion, see Tyndall 1860 . Croll’s paper ‘On the physical cause of the …

From Charles Phipps Haussoullier   31 January 1869

Summary

Requests authorisation to translate Journal of researches into French.

Author:  Charles Phipps Haussoullier
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  31 Jan 1869
Classmark:  DAR 171: 362
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6586

Matches: 1 hit

  • … naturaliste (Montgolfier and Belloc trans.  1860). A translation of the full text was not …

From W. B. Tegetmeier   [before 18 April 1869]

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Summary

Numerical proportion of males to females in greyhound puppies.

Author:  William Bernhard Tegetmeier
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [before 18 Apr 1869]
Classmark:  DAR 85: B29–33
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6700

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Field Vol.11. 12 245 219 1859 13 14 157 138 1860 15. 16 275 235 1861 17 18 202 207 1862 19 …
  • … Females Males Females 1857 8 150 114 95 105 9 1860 223 181 52 54 1 153 164 49 43 2 202 175 …

From J. D. Hooker   18 January 1869

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Summary

Replies to CD’s questions. Advice on use of term "morphology". Is much struck by CD’s idea that uniformity of an organ throughout a group implies functional inutility; the paradox of this position for classification.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  18 Jan 1869
Classmark:  DAR 103: 4–7
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6560

Matches: 2 hits

  • … 1 (1869): 200–64. Spencer, Herbert. 1860–2. First principles. London: George Manwaring; …
  • … from Spencer’s First principles ( Spencer 1860–2 ), ‘If religion and science are to be …

From J. D. Hooker   5 August 1869

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Summary

Huxley has shown him the jaws of an Anoplotherium brought from the Gallegos by R. O. Cunningham.

Saw Hallett’s wheat crops at Brighton; results of his selection very striking.

Huxley is assembling his Darwiniana papers for republication.

Has written a crushing reply to Richard Congreve ["The scientific aspects of positivism", Fortn. Rev. n.s. 5 (1869): 653–70] and JDH feels "infantine" beside him.

Comments on Sabine’s being offered and accepting K.C.B.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  5 Aug 1869
Classmark:  DAR 103: 25–6
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6853

Matches: 2 hits

  • … In it he reprinted two reviews of Origin from the Westminster Review , April 1860 ( T.   …
  • … H.  Huxley 1860 ), and the Natural History Review , 1864 ([T.  H.  Huxley] 1864). Hooker …

From Roland Trimen   18 November 1869

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Summary

Thanks CD for his orchid paper ["Fertilization of orchids", Collected papers 2: 138–56]. Comments briefly on orchids.

Discusses moths in which the wing underside is the most brightly coloured, and relates his observations on sexual selection by a moth, Syntomis.

Author:  Roland Trimen
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  18 Nov 1869
Classmark:  DAR 82: 27–9
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6995

Matches: 3 hits

  • … papers 2: 138–56. ] Saunders, William Wilson. 1860. On the genus Erateina , Doubl. ; …
  • … descriptions of some new species. [Read 7 May 1860. ] Transactions of the Entomological …
  • … descriptions of some new species’ ( Saunders 1860 ). Edward Doubleday was the author of …

From C. F. Claus   6 February 1869

Summary

Pleased by CD’s good opinion and offer to provide material. Discusses work he would do on cirripedes.

Moritz Wagner’s views on migration of species;

his doubts about Fritz Müller’s views on developmental stages of Crustacea.

Author:  Carl Friedrich Claus
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  6 Feb 1869
Classmark:  DAR 161: 177
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6605

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Anzeiger 23: 73– 4. Leydig, Franz. 1860. Naturgeschichte der Daphniden (Crustacea …
  • … of the green gland in decapods ( Leydig 1860 , pp.  25–6). Claus refers to Moritz Wagner …

From J. V. Carus   3 June 1869

Summary

Will use new English edition [5th, of Origin] in preparing for [4th] German edition. Bronn’s translation of Origin in the title as "Entstehung" is not so precise as "Ursprung" would be. The publisher does not object to changing the title, but JVC is doubtful, because the Origin is so well known in Germany as Entstehung. Asks CD’s opinion.

Author:  Julius Victor Carus
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  3 June 1869
Classmark:  DAR 161: 71
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6774

Matches: 1 hit

  • … German editions of Origin (Bronn trans.  1860 and 1863); his work formed the basis of …

From Frederick Smith   14 September 1869

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Summary

On stridulation of Coleoptera, Trox sabulosus, Mutilla. [See Descent 1: 380.]

Author:  Frederick Smith
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  14 Sept 1869
Classmark:  DAR 82: A5–6
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6892

Matches: 1 hit

  • … certain musical Curculionidae’ ( Wollaston 1860 ); it was published in Annals and Magazine …

From W. B. Dawkins   31 July 1869

Summary

Reports on prehistoric finds from caves at Rhagatt.

Author:  William Boyd Dawkins
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  31 July 1869
Classmark:  The Huntington Library (CB 847)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6847F

Matches: 1 hit

  • … 1869 . See also Lucas 2007 , pp.  326–7. In 1860, Edouard Lartet had discovered mammoth …

From Orange Judd & Co   21 April 1869

Summary

Reports on the sales of Variation; discusses the difficulties of inserting additions and corrections.

Author:  Orange Judd & Co.
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  21 Apr 1869
Classmark:  DAR 173: 36
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6709

Matches: 1 hit

  • … the first American edition of Origin in 1860 (see Correspondence vol.  8, Appendix IV), …

From Richard Spruce   15 April 1869

Summary

Describes the floral structure and fertilisation of some melastomes;

discusses the direct agency of insects in modifying the structure of flowers.

Author:  Richard Spruce
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  15 Apr 1869
Classmark:  DAR 177: 242
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6697

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Spruce 1908 , 2: 261–310. Spruce spent 1860 in Ecuador, obtaining seeds and young plants …

From J. L. Sinclair   31 December 1869

Summary

Would like CD’s opinion on his "theory of organic disturbance" and his "law of organic combination"; hopes CD might notice them in the Academy.

Writes of his unfortunate circumstances.

Author:  James Leask Sinclair
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  31 Dec 1869
Classmark:  DAR 177: 173
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-7039

Matches: 1 hit

  • … depicted in his Romeo and Juliet In 1860, & 1861, I studied the subject of Mesmerism, and …

From S. A. Merrell   1 February 1869

Summary

Corrects T. M. Brewer’s statement, cited in the Origin, that the American cuckoo never uses other birds’ nests. [See Origin, 5th ed., p. 266.]

Author:  Stephen Augustine Merrell
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  1 Feb 1869
Classmark:  DAR 171: 157, 157/1
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-6589

Matches: 1 hit

  • … revised and augmented by the author. By Charles Darwin. New York: D. Appleton. 1860. …
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Darwin in letters, 1860: Answering critics

Summary

On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s Origin of species, printing off another 3000 copies to satisfy the demands of an audience that surprised both the publisher and the author. It wasn't long, however, before ‘the…

Matches: 29 hits

  • … On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s  Origin of …
  • … in railway stations ( letter to Charles Lyell, 14 January [1860] ). By May, with the work …
  • … be nice easy reading.’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 22 May [1860] ). Origin : reactions and …
  • … his main argument ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 3 January [1860] ). Darwin’s magnanimous …
  • … utterly  smashed’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 3 July [1860] ). (A chronological list of all the …
  • … the only track that leads to physical truth’ (Sedgwick 1860) that most wounded Darwin. Having spent …
  • … investigation.—’ ( letter to J. S. Henslow, 8 May [1860] ). Above all else Darwin prided …
  • … ample lot of facts.’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 18 February [1860] ). To those who objected that his …
  • … as real.’ ( letter to C. J. F. Bunbury, 9 February [1860] ). This helps to explain why Darwin was …
  • … progression ( letter to Charles Lyell, 18 [and 19 February 1860] ). To this and Lyell’s many other …
  • … than a success ( see letter to J. D. Hooker, 14 February [1860] ). I think geologists …
  • … to reasoning.’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 18 May 1860 ). Darwin began to tabulate (and …
  • … and five botanists ( see letter to J. D. Hooker, 3 March [1860] ). Others, like François Jules …
  • … at it, makes me sick!’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 3 April [1860] ). By the end of 1860, Darwin …
  • … those of embryology ( letter to Asa Gray, 10 September [1860] ). Only his theory, he believed, …
  • … of species ( see letter from T. H. Huxley, 6 August 1860 ). But Baer in fact eventually opposed …
  • … other animals’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 10 January [1860] )— he and others were well aware that …
  • … after 4 hours battle’ (letter from J. D. Hooker, 2 July 1860). Other correspondents informed Darwin …
  • … thing for subject.—’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 3 July [1860] ). Further details of the meeting, …
  • … theological reform tract  Essays and reviews  in January 1860 as to that of  Origin  itself. …
  • … ( letter from J. S. Henslow to J. D. Hooker, 10 May 1860 ). What worried Darwin most about such …
  • … support altogether (letters to Charles Lyell, 1 June [1860] and 11 August [1860] ). As …
  • … view the subject’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 15 February [1860] ); later he became ‘fairly sick’ …
  • … of his geological argument, he wrote to Lyell on 6 June [1860] : 'I am beginning to despair …
  • … Darwin was not, however, entirely preoccupied in 1860 with his critics and the reception of  Origin …
  • … two days after the second edition was issued, on 9 January 1860, he turned to preparing the first …
  • … compressed arguments of  Origin . Many of the letters of 1860 pertain to his collection of further …
  • … in the fertilisation of plants. In the spring and summer of 1860, he began to investigate the …
  • … changed structure.’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 27 April [1860] ). Tracing the complicated …

British Association meeting 1860

Summary

Several letters refer to events at the British Association for the Advancement of Science held in Oxford, 26 June – 3 July 1860. Darwin had planned to attend the meeting but in the end was unable to. The most famous incident of the meeting was the verbal…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … the Advancement of Science meeting in Oxford, June–July 1860 Several letters in the year 1860
  • … Advancement of Science held in Oxford, 26 June – 3 July 1860. Darwin had planned to attend the …
  • … broken down” (letter to Charles Lyell, 25 [June 1860] ). Undoubtedly the most famous …
  • … are less well known. The following account of the 1860 meeting of the British Association in …
  • … by their precise attribution. Athenæum , 7 July 1860, p. 19: Introduction to the reports …
  • … lively during the week. Athenæum , 7 July 1860, pp. 25–6: Thursday session of Section D. …
  • … monkey was the gift of speech. Athenæum , 14 July 1860, pp. 64–5: Saturday session, …

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 4 hits

  • … should not be in conflict. A TREMENDOUS FURORE: 1859-1860 In which Darwin distributes …
  • … in the long run prevail. CERTAIN BENEFICIAL LINES: 1860 Asa Gray presents his argument …
  • … 1859 70  A GRAY TO JD HOOKER, 5 JANUARY 1860 71L AGASSIZ, JULY 1860
  • … 100 A GRAY, ATLANTIC MONTHLY FOR JULY, AUGUST AND OCTOBER, 1860 101 GRAY’S ARTICLE IN THE …

New material added to the American edition of Origin

Summary

A ‘revised and augmented’ American edition of Origin came on the market in July 1860, and was the only authorised edition available in the US until 1873. It incorporated many of the changes Darwin made to the second English edition, but still contained…

Matches: 11 hits

  • … response to Darwin (see letters from Asa Gray, [10 January 1860], [17 January 1860], and 23 January …
  • … of stereotyping (see letter from Asa Gray, 23 January [1860] and n. 2). The firm agreed, however, to …
  • … of species (two letters to Baden Powell, 18 January 1860), Darwin subsequently changed his mind. On …
  • … this off to Gray enclosed in his letter of [8 or 9 February 1860]. He had earlier sent Gray some …
  • … given by Hewett Cottrell Watson in his letter of [3? January 1860]) that Darwin wanted inserted at …
  • … American edition in the letter to Lyell, 18 [and 19 February 1860]. Darwin suggested to Gray that …
  • … additional corrections” (letter to Asa Gray, 1 February [1860]). By 1 May 1860, D. Appleton …
  • … printings of Origin (see letter to Asa Gray, 22 May [1860] and enclosure) and were preparing to …
  • … American edition of Origin was available in July 1860 (see [Gray] 1860b, p. 116). It is …
  • …   Charles Darwin Down, Bromley, Kent, Feb. 1860   [Darwin’s …
  • … 363–6). See also letter from John Lubbock, [after 28 April 1860?]. 4 Origin , p. 188. …

Natural Selection: the trouble with terminology Part I

Summary

Darwin encountered problems with the term ‘natural selection’ even before Origin appeared.  Everyone from the Harvard botanist Asa Gray to his own publisher came up with objections. Broadly these divided into concerns either that its meaning simply wasn’t…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … ( Charles Darwin to Charles Lyell   6 June [1860 ]) Darwin encountered problems with the …
  • … ( Charles Darwin to Charles Lyell, 6 June [1860]) To Lyell, Darwin wrote: ‘ I doubt …

Essay: Design versus necessity

Summary

—by Asa Gray DESIGN VERSUS NECESSITY.—DISCUSSION BETWEEN TWO READERS OF DARWIN’S TREATISE ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES, UPON ITS NATURAL THEOLOGY. (American Journal of Science and Arts, September, 1860) D.T.—Is Darwin’s theory atheistic or pantheistic…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … (American Journal of Science and Arts, September , 1860) D.T.—Is Darwin’s theory atheistic …

Essay: Natural selection & natural theology

Summary

—by Asa Gray NATURAL SELECTION NOT INCONSISTENT WITH NATURAL THEOLOGY. Atlantic Monthly for July, August, and October, 1860, reprinted in 1861. I Novelties are enticing to most people; to us they are simply annoying. We cling to a long-accepted…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Monthly for  July ,  August , and  October , 1860, reprinted in 1861. I …

Review: The Origin of Species

Summary

- by Asa Gray THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION (American Journal of Science and Arts, March, 1860) This book is already exciting much attention. Two American editions are announced, through which it will become familiar to many…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … (American Journal of Science and Arts, March, 1860) This book is already exciting much …

Darwin and Down

Summary

Charles and Emma Darwin, with their first two children, settled at Down House in the village of Down (later ‘Downe’) in Kent, as a young family in 1842.   The house came with eighteen acres of land, and a fifteen acre meadow.  The village combined the…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … plant sensitivity: To Charles Lyell,  24 November [1860] : describing experiments on …
  • … On co-adaptation: To J. D. Hooker,  12 July [1860] : on adaptation in Orchis pyramidalis …

Rewriting Origin - the later editions

Summary

For such an iconic work, the text of Origin was far from static. It was a living thing that Darwin continued to shape for the rest of his life, refining his ‘one long argument’ through a further five English editions.  Many of his changes were made in…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … the last proof sheets on 26 December 1859 ; published 1860 1 st US ‘revised and augmented’ …
  • … 2 nd to 3 rd editions; US edition By June 1860 Darwin was at least open to the …
  • … be needed ‘ soon, ever, or never ’.  By November 1860 he had heard that it was , and it was …
  • … additions now sent.— In the meantime, in July 1860, a ‘revised and augmented’ American …
  • … he had yet to start it on 28 January, but on 2 February 1860 he told Herbert Spencer that it was …
  • … (see letter from Jeffries Wyman, [ c . 15] September 1860 ). Among pigs in a particular …
  • … who only began corresponding with Darwin in November 1860, too late for the third edition.   …

The whale-bear

Summary

Darwin came to regard ‘bear’ as a ‘word of ill-omen’.  In the first edition of Origin he told the story of a black bear seen swimming for hours with its mouth wide open scooping insects from the water ‘like a whale’. He went on to imagine that natural…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … ( William Henry Harvey to Charles Darwin, 24 August 1860 ) Darwin came to regard ‘bear’ as …

From morphology to movement: observation and experiment

Summary

Darwin was a thoughtful observer of the natural world from an early age. Whether on a grand scale, as exemplified by his observations on geology, or a microscopic one, as shown by his early work on the eggs and larvae of tiny bryozoans, Darwin was…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … In a letter to  Gardeners’ Chronicle  in June 1860 , he asked readers living in other parts of …
  • … plant  Drosera rotundifolia  (common sundew) in 1860, around the same time he began work on orchid …

Evolution: Selected Letters of Charles Darwin 1860-1870

Summary

This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific colleagues around the world; letters by the critics who tried to stamp out his ideas, and by admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … them to spread. It takes up the story of Darwin’s life in 1860, in the immediate aftermath of the …
  • … out to me. No doubt many will be. Darwin to Huxley, 1860. I cannot tell …

Syms Covington

Summary

When Charles Darwin embarked on the Beagle voyage in 1831, Syms Covington was ‘fiddler & boy to Poop-cabin’. Covington kept an illustrated journal of his observations and experiences on the voyage, noting wildlife, landscapes, buildings and people and,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … a new ear-trumpet  for him from London, and again  in 1860 .  Covington still assisted …

The Lyell–Lubbock dispute

Summary

In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…

Matches: 8 hits

  • … implements of early humans (C. Lyell 1859). In September 1860 he visited sites in both France and …
  • … ( Correspondence vol. 8, letter to Charles Lyell, 4 May [1860] and n. 3; Hutchinson 1914, 1: 51). …
  • … book, Prehistoric times (Lubbock 1865).  By 1860, Lyell had begun work on a sixth edition …
  • … completed and set in type for Elements of geology in 1860 and then re-set in 1861 for …
  • … well as the Swiss lake-dwellings, was originally written in 1860 for the sixth edition of the ‘ …
  • … discoveries and conclusions which had been made before 1860; but I gladly took advantage of the …
  • … to them, or to any authors of later date than the summer of 1860, I must have expanded the plan of …
  • … expenditures, and condition of the institution for the year 1860  15 (1861): 284–343. Translated by …

Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad

Summary

At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…

Matches: 4 hits

  • …  vol. 8, letter to Charles Lyell, 10 January [1860] ). In the same letter he reminded Lyell of …
  • … who was already ill-disposed towards Owen following his 1860 review of  Origin , wrote to Falconer …
  • … exercise Darwin was Huxley’s assertion, first made in his 1860 review of  Origin , that in order …
  • …  and  Viola species, had interested Darwin since 1860; it continued to capture his attention ( …

Darwin and Fatherhood

Summary

Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten children. It is often assumed that Darwin was an exceptional Victorian father. But how extraordinary was he? The Correspondence Project allows an unusually…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … any of his children were ill, Darwin was unable to work. In 1860 his seventeen-year-old daughter …
  • … on account of Etty.’ (Darwin to W. D. Fox,  18 October [1860] ) Seven of the Darwin children lived …

Religion

Summary

Design|Personal Belief|Beauty|The Church Perhaps the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same can be said of the evolution controversy today; however the nature of the disputes and the manner in…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 2814 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 22 May [1860] Darwin writes to Gray about the …
  • … Letter 2855 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 3 July [1860] Darwin writes to Gray and tells him …

Darwin’s Photographic Portraits

Summary

Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of photography for the study of Expression and Emotions in Man and Animal, but can be witnessed in his many photographic portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … to the copy he had sent five years previously in his 1860 letter to Hooker , Darwin exclaimed …
  • … matter, and he was far more satisfied with the results. In 1860-61 and again in 1864 Charles Darwin …
  • … most transformative photographs of Darwin.The years between 1860 and 1864 took a physical and …
  • … his ‘venerable beard’! Images: Charles Darwin, 1860-61, William Darwin, Courtesy of Harvard …

Darwin’s queries on expression

Summary

When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Bridges, Thomas (b) [Oct 1860 or after] [Keppel …
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