To F. C. Donders 3 June [1870]
Summary
Thanks FCD for information.
Hopes that translation of his paper will appear in Dublin Journal.
Notes experience of his son [Leonard Darwin] on engorgement of eyes with blood. Discusses secretion of tears when eye muscles are involuntarily contracted.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Frans Cornelis (Franciscus Cornelius) Donders |
| Date: | 3 June [1870] |
| Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7215 |
Matches: 10 hits
- … To F. C. Donders 3 June [1870] …
- … Charles Robert Darwin Down 3 June [1870] Frans Cornelis (Franciscus Cornelius) Donders …
- … relationship between this letter and the letters from F. C. Donders, 27 May 1870 and …
- … 28 May 1870 . See letters from F. …
- … C. Donders, 27 May 1870 and …
- … 28 May 1870 . …
- … In his letter of 27 May 1870 , Donders summarised his article in Dutch on the action of …
- … See letter from F. C. Donders, 27 May 1870 and n. 3. CD refers to Charles Bell ; …
- … see letter from F. C. Donders, 17 May 1870 and n. 4. Leonard Darwin was at the Royal …
- … CD refers to Donders’s letter of 28 May 1870 . He discussed whether mere retching produced …
To F. C. Donders 21 June 1870
Summary
Comments on translation of FCD’s paper ["On the action of the eyelids", Arch. Med. 5 (1870): 20–38].
Speculates that closing eyelids may protect eyes from vibrations.
Discusses publication of Expression.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Frans Cornelis (Franciscus Cornelius) Donders |
| Date: | 21 June 1870 |
| Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7238 |
Matches: 7 hits
- … To F. C. Donders 21 June 1870 …
- … Mss.B.D25. ) Charles Robert Darwin Down 21 June 1870 Frans Cornelis (Franciscus Cornelius) …
- … the action of the eyelids", Arch. Med. 5 (1870): 20–38]. Speculates that closing eyelids …
- … Down— Beckenham | Kent June 21. 1870 My dear Sir I have received from D r Moore the …
- … of the eye ( Donders 1870a ; see letters from F. C. Donders, 17 May 1870 and …
- … 27 May 1870 ). Lionel Smith …
- … edited Archives of Medicine from 1857 to 1870 ( ODNB ). Moore’s translation of Donders’s …
To F. C. Donders 19 May 1870
Summary
Expresses sympathy [on death of FCD’s daughter].
Will be grateful for his paper and letter.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Frans Cornelis (Franciscus Cornelius) Donders |
| Date: | 19 May 1870 |
| Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7194 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … To F. C. Donders 19 May 1870 …
- … Mss.B.D25. ) Charles Robert Darwin Down 19 May 1870 Frans Cornelis (Franciscus Cornelius) …
- … See letter from F. C. Donders, 17 May 1870 . Donders’s …
- … daughter, Marie Engelmann , had died in March 1870. CD refers to the death of his daughter …
- … Beckenham. Kent. | S.E. May 19 th . 1870. My dear Sir You have my heartfelt sympathy. If I …
From F. C. Donders 27 May 1870
Summary
Has finished the article [on the action of the eyelids in Ned. Arch. Geneeskd. & Natuurkd. 5 (1870), also see 7238]; summarises: the occlusion of the eyelids protects the vessels, and the eye itself, against the danger of pressure caused by excessive expiratory action. The weakness of the conclusion is that the extent of the danger caused by the pressure to the normal state of the eye is not precisely known.
| Author: | Frans Cornelis (Franciscus Cornelius) Donders |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 27 May 1870 |
| Classmark: | DAR 162: 225 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7203 |
Matches: 8 hits
- … From F. C. Donders 27 May 1870 …
- … Frans Cornelis (Franciscus Cornelius) Donders Utrecht 27 May 1870 Charles Robert Darwin …
- … and Marie Engelmann . See letter to F. C. Donders, 19 May 1870 and nn. 1 and 2. See …
- … letter from F. C. Donders, 17 May 1870 . Donders refers to his article, ‘De beweging van …
- … pp. 160–2. For CD’s second question, see the letter to F. C. Donders, 13 May [1870] . …
- … in Ned. Arch. Geneeskd. & Natuurkd. 5 (1870), also see 7238 ]; summarises: the occlusion …
- … Utrecht, 27 Mai | 1870 My dear Sir, L’expression de votre affectueuse sympathie m’a été …
- … Utrecht, 27 May | 1870 My dear Sir, The expression of your affectionate sympathy was very …
From F. C. Donders 17 May 1870
Summary
The illness and death of his daughter have delayed his answers to CD’s queries. He has, however, worked on the circulation of the eye and has almost finished a paper on it, which he will send to CD. In general, the views of Charles Bell are confirmed.
As for CD’s second query, he doubts that the relationship exists, but will answer fully in next letter.
| Author: | Frans Cornelis (Franciscus Cornelius) Donders |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 17 May 1870 |
| Classmark: | DAR 162: 224 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7141 |
Matches: 6 hits
- … From F. C. Donders 17 May 1870 …
- … Frans Cornelis (Franciscus Cornelius) Donders Utrecht 17 May 1870 Charles Robert Darwin …
- … letter to F. C. Donders, 13 May [1870] and n. 2). Donders refers to the Nederlandsch …
- … see letter to F. C. Donders, 13 May [1870] , and Correspondence vol. 17, letter to F. …
- … Utrecht, 17 Mai | 1870 Dear Sir, Je sens maintenant que j’aurais dû vous donner la triste …
- … Utrecht, 17 May | 1870 Dear Sir, I now feel that I ought to have given you the sad news of …
To Frans Cornelis Donders 13 May [1870]
Summary
In a fortnight will begin to arrange notes on expression. Asks for FCD’s conclusions about the contraction of eye muscles. Is interested in abstract of FCD’s experiments on "rate of travelling of the nervous powers".
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Frans Cornelis (Franciscus Cornelius) Donders |
| Date: | 13 May [1870] |
| Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7187 |
From F. C. Donders 28 May 1870
Summary
A detailed description of the physiological and anatomical processes related to the prolonged involuntary contraction of the orbicular muscles and the secretion of tears (as in retching, violent coughing, or laughing). [See Expression, p. 160.].
| Author: | Frans Cornelis (Franciscus Cornelius) Donders |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 28 May 1870 |
| Classmark: | DAR 162: 226 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7207 |
Matches: 7 hits
- … From F. C. Donders 28 May 1870 …
- … Frans Cornelis (Franciscus Cornelius) Donders Utrecht 28 May 1870 Charles Robert Darwin …
- … Utrecht, 28 Mai 1870 My dear Sir, Je continue la lettre que j’avais l’honneur de vous …
- … See letter from F. C. Donders, 27 May 1870 . Donders there discussed the first of two …
- … the letter to F. C. Donders, 13 May [1870] . For CD’s question on tears, see the letter …
- … Utrecht 28 May 1870 My dear Sir, I am continuing the letter which I had the honour of …
- … to F. C. Donders, 13 May [1870] . The ‘portio major nervi trigemini’ is the large …
To F. C. Donders 17 November [1869]
Summary
There is no hurry for information. Delighted that FCD is making experiments.
It was a sincere pleasure to make FCD’s acquaintance.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Frans Cornelis (Franciscus Cornelius) Donders |
| Date: | 17 Nov [1869] |
| Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6991 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … vol. 18, letter to F. C. Donders, 21 June 1870 . See letter from F. C. Donders, 12 …
To F. C. Donders 8 April 1872
Summary
Thanks FCD for information, which will make him "strike out a good deal".
Has received German pamphlet.
Will read work by John Soelberg Wells [? A treatise on the diseases of the eye (1869, 1870)].
Discusses his work on expression.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Frans Cornelis (Franciscus Cornelius) Donders |
| Date: | 8 Apr 1872 |
| Classmark: | DAR 143: 413 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-8279 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … A treatise on the diseases of the eye (1869, 1870)]. Discusses his work on expression. …
To F. C. Donders 18 March 1871
Summary
Comments on FCD’s 1848 work [see 7582] in which he came near to anticipating CD.
Comments on FCD’s paper [on action of the eyelids, see 7203]. Asks about contraction or dilation of the iris due to emotional states, illness, or prostration.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Frans Cornelis (Franciscus Cornelius) Donders |
| Date: | 18 Mar 1871 |
| Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7595 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … 2. Expression . CD refers to Donders 1870 (‘On the action of the eye-lids in determination …
From F. C. Donders 1 April 1872
Summary
His analysis and explanation of the fact, observed by Charles Bell, that the eyeballs are turned upwards and inwards when consciousness begins to fail.
| Author: | Frans Cornelis (Franciscus Cornelius) Donders |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 1 Apr 1872 |
| Classmark: | DAR 162: 230 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-8266 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … of the eyes for binocular vision (Woinow 1870, pp. 210–11). Donders refers to his paper ‘ …
| letter | (11) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (7) |
| Donders, F. C. | (4) |
| Donders, F. C. | (7) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (4) |
Darwin in letters,1870: Human evolution
Summary
The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The whole of the year at work on the Descent of Man & Selection in relation to Sex’. Descent was the culmination of over three decades of observations and reflections on…
Matches: 29 hits
- … The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The …
- … machine’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 25 December [1870] ). Finishing Descent; …
- … some weeks’ ( letter to Albert Günther, 13 January [1870] ). Darwin was still working hard on …
- … I shall be’ ( letter to H. E. Darwin, [8 February 1870] ). She had previously read proof-sheets …
- … shd. turn parson?’ ( letter to H. E. Darwin, [8 February 1870] ). Henrietta disagreed: ‘Certainly …
- … of man!’ ( letter from H. E. Darwin, [after 8 February 1870] ). Darwin was also encouraged …
- … sense of mankind’ ( letter to F. P. Cobbe, 23 March [1870?] ). Cobbe accused Darwin of smiling in …
- … great philosophy?’ ( letter from F. P. Cobbe, 28 March [1870?] ). Humans as animals: ears …
- … [1868] ; this volume, letter to Thomas Woolner, 10 March [1870] ). Darwin included Woolner’s …
- … findings ( letter from James Crichton-Browne, 15 March 1870 ). Indeed, Darwin noted the same …
- … bane of existence!’ ( letter to William Ogle, 9 November 1870 ). Researching expression: …
- … spirits were white ( letter from W. W. Reade, 9 November 1870 ). Keen for more evidence of …
- … hurting it much?’ ( letter to A. D. Bartlett, 5 January [1870] ). Darwin made a similar request of …
- … not succeed’ ( letter to James Crichton-Browne, 8 June [1870] ). Darwin’s queries were part …
- … of a baby’s brows ( letter from L. C. Wedgwood, [5 May 1870] ). He also wrote to a leading Dutch …
- … on this subject’ ( letter from F. C. Donders, 17 May 1870 ). Human evolution: debates and …
- … more fully in a collection of essays published in April 1870 (Wallace 1870a). Wallace wrote to …
- … naturalist’ (letter to A. R.Wallace, 26 January [1870]). Despite their increasing …
- … in one sense rivals’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 20 April [1870] ). Darwin alluded here to the …
- … No one but yourself’ ( letter from H. W. Bates, 20 May 1870 ). Darwin very rarely used the …
- … never write reviews’ ( letter to H. W. Bates, [22 May 1870] ). St George Jackson Mivart …
- … to answer objectors’ ( letter to W. H. Flower, 25 March [1870] ). In his letters to Mivart, Darwin …
- … on the Primates’ ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 23 April [1870] ). He also tried to recruit Mivart’s …
- … lump of granite’ ( letter from St G. J. Mivart, 22 April 1870 ). Mivart hinted that his …
- … his “origin” ( letter from St G. J. Mivart, 25 April 1870 ). In his critical essays (later revised …
- … Charles Darwin et ses précurseurs français (Quatrefages 1870), that gave a detailed account, as …
- … many others’ ( letter to Armand de Quatrefages, 28 May [1870] ). Quatrefages had …
- … discord’ ( letter from Armand de Quatrefages, 30 March 1870 ). In proposing Darwin for election, …
- … them’ ( letter from Armand de Quatrefages, 18 July 1870 ). The assertion had been made by Emile …
Darwin’s queries on expression
Summary
When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…
Matches: 12 hits
- … Brooke, C.A.J. 30 Nov 1870 Sarawak, Borneo …
- … Crichton-Browne, James 15 March 1870 West Riding …
- … Crichton-Browne, James 18 March 1870 Down, Kent, …
- … Donders, F.C. 27 May 1870 Utrecht, Netherlands …
- … Forbes, David 13 June 1870 Portman Square, London W. …
- … Nicol, Patrick 13 May 1870 Sussex Lunatic Asylum, …
- … Reade, Winwood W. [c.8 or 9 Apr 1870] Accra, West …
- … Reade, Winwood W. 4 June 1870 Lagos, Africa …
- … Reade, Winwood W. 3 Sept 1870 Conservative Club, St …
- … Reade, Winwood W. 9 Nov 1870 11 St Mary Abbot's …
- … Weale, J.P.M. [25 May 1870] Bedford, Cape of Good …
- … Weir, J.J. 27 June 1870 Blackheath, London, England …
Women as a scientific audience
Summary
Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…
Matches: 4 hits
- … Letter 7124 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E., [8 February 1870] Darwin seeks Henrietta’s …
- … Letter 7329 - Murray , J. to Darwin, [28 September 1870] Written shortly before …
- … Letter 7331 - Darwin to Murray, J., [29 September 1870] Darwin asks Murray to …
- … Letter 7177 - Cupples, G. to Darwin, [29 April 1870] George Cupples tells Darwin about a …
Francis Darwin
Summary
Known to his family as ‘Frank’, Charles Darwin’s seventh child himself became a distinguished scientist. He was an undergraduate at Trinity College, Cambridge, initially studying mathematics, but then transferring to natural sciences. Francis completed…
Jane Gray
Summary
Jane Loring Gray, the daughter of a Boston lawyer, married the Harvard botanist Asa Gray in 1848 and evidence suggests that she took an active interest in the scientific pursuits of her husband and his friends. Although she is only known to have…
Matches: 1 hits
- … behaviour of her dog (letter from J. L. Gray, 14 February 1870 ), she also passed on information …
Casting about: Darwin on worms
Summary
Earthworms were the subject of a citizen science project to map the distribution of earthworms across Britain (BBC Today programme, 26 May 2014). The general understanding of the role earthworms play in improving soils and providing nutrients for plants to…
Matches: 1 hits
- … on my mind’ ( letter to W. T. Preyer, 17 February [1870 ])) that without earthworms aerating the …
Francis Galton
Summary
Galton was a naturalist, statistician, and evolutionary theorist. He was a second cousin of Darwin’s, having descended from his grandfather, Erasmus. Born in Birmingham in 1822, Galton studied medicine at King’s College, London, and also read mathematics…
Matches: 1 hits
- … more litters & no happy results”, he wrote on 26 April 1870 . In the following year, Galton …
Capturing Darwin’s voice: audio of selected letters
Summary
On a sunny Wednesday in June 2011 in a makeshift recording studio somewhere in Cambridge, we were very pleased to welcome Terry Molloy back to the Darwin Correspondence Project for a special recording session. Terry, known for his portrayal of Davros in Dr…
Matches: 1 hits
- … of Descent (letter to H. E. Darwin, [8 February 1870] ). Audio of more …
Darwin and Gender Projects by Harvard Students
Summary
Working in collaboration with Professor Sarah Richardson and Dr Myrna Perez, Darwin Correspondence Project staff developed a customised set of 'Darwin and Gender' themed resources for a course on Gender, Sex and Evolution first taught at Harvard…
Matches: 1 hits
- … grateful I shall be.”(Letter to Darwin, H. E., [8 Feb 1870] ) Although Miranda acknowledges that …
Cross and self fertilisation
Summary
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…
Experimenting with emotions
Summary
Darwin’s interest in emotions can be traced as far back as the Beagle voyage. He was fascinated by the sounds and gestures of the peoples of Tierra del Fuego. On his return, he started recording observations in a set of notebooks, later labelled '…
John Lubbock
Summary
John Lubbock was eight years old when the Darwins moved into the neighbouring property of Down House, Down, Kent; the total of one hundred and seventy surviving letters he went on to exchange with Darwin is a large number considering that the two men lived…
Matches: 3 hits
Evolution: Selected Letters of Charles Darwin 1860-1870
Summary
This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific colleagues around the world; letters by the critics who tried to stamp out his ideas, and by admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of…
Matches: 1 hits
- … you owe any more … Darwin to his son Francis, 1870. …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
3.16 Oscar Rejlander, photos
Summary
< Back to Introduction Darwin’s plans for the illustration of his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) led him to the Swedish-born painter and photographer, Oscar Gustaf Rejlander. Rejlander gave Darwin the notes that he had…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Photograph: Authenticity, Science and the Periodical Press, 1870 – 1890 (London and New York: …
Photograph album of Dutch admirers
Summary
Darwin received the photograph album for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from his scientific admirers in the Netherlands. He wrote to the Dutch zoologist Pieter Harting, An account of your countrymen’s generous sympathy in having sent me on my…
Matches: 1 hits
- … & I feel deeply for you. ( Letter to F. C. Donders, 19 May 1870 ) …
Darwin in public and private
Summary
Extracts from Darwin's published works, in particular Descent of man, and selected letters, explore Darwin's views on the operation of sexual selection in humans, and both his publicly and privately expressed views on its practical implications…
Science: A Man’s World?
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth-century women participated in the world of science, be it as experimenters, observers, editors, critics, producers, or consumers. Despite this, much of the…
Darwin on race and gender
Summary
Darwin’s views on race and gender are intertwined, and mingled also with those of class. In Descent of man, he tried to explain the origin of human races, and many of the differences between the sexes, with a single theory: sexual selection. Sexual…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Key letters : Letter to H. E. Darwin, [8 February 1870] Letter from Mary Treat, …
Moral Nature
Summary
In Descent of Man, Darwin argued that human morality had evolved from the social instincts of animals, especially the bonds of sympathy and love. Darwin gathered observations over many decades on animal behavior: the heroic sacrifices of social insects,…
