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Darwin and the Church

Summary

The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It shows another side of the man who is more often remembered for his personal struggles with faith, or for his role in large-scale controversies over the…

Matches: 20 hits

  • … The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too …
  • … chapel throughout his childhood, and yet both young Charles and his older brother Erasmus were …
  • … in the most prestigious professions. As a young man, Charles went up to Cambridge in 1828 with the …
  • … & I can see it even through a grove of Palms.—’ (letter to Caroline Darwin, 25–6 April [1832] …
  • … wrote to the contrary: ‘I am sorry to see in your last letter that you still look forward to the …
  • … near the British Museum or some other learned place’ (letter from E. A. Darwin, 18 August [1832] …
  • … it is a sort of scene I never ought to think about—’ (letter to W. D. Fox, [9–12 August] 1835 ). …
  • … can be read here. In the end, Darwin chose a middle course—a life of ease in the country and of …
  • … the entrance to the church where their children Mary and Charles were buried; later Darwin’s brother …
  • … in 1846 (Crockford’s). Innes was a High-Churchman, that is, a defender of traditional Anglican …
  • … However, what remains is cordial; in the first extant letter of the correspondence, Darwin wrote to …
  • … on these charities, and also managed to found a Friendly Club, a charity fund for the maintenance of …
  • … clerical agent. Advowsons had the status of private property, a custom that originated at a time …
  • … and Clothing Club, as well as the Anglican National School (Moore 1985). Nevertheless, however …
  • … He came to Down determined to take charge of the village (Moore 1985). However, he came with rather …
  • … order to allow Emma and the children to attend his services (Moore 1985). All this is not to …
  • … References Autobiography: The autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809–1882. With original …
  • … 1971. The Victorian church. Part I. 3d ed. London: Adam & Charles Black. Colloms, Brenda. …
  • … 317–28. Keynes, Randal. 2001. Annie’s Box: Charles Darwin, his daughter, and human evolution. …
  • … University Press. LL:  The life and letters of Charles Darwin, including an autobiographical …

2.14 Boehm, Westminster Abbey roundel

Summary

< Back to Introduction A bronze plaque or medallion with a portrayal of Darwin was installed in Westminster Abbey in 1888, six years after his grand funeral and burial there. Like the seated statue of Darwin in the Natural History Museum of 1884–1885…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … Darwin’s half-cousin Francis Galton proposed, in a letter to the Pall Mall Gazette , that Darwin …
  • … next to the tomb of John Herschel, and not far from those of Charles Lyell and Newton. An initial …
  • … view, modelled in high relief within a richly moulded frame; a decorative cartouche is inscribed …
  • … Abbey (London: Cassell, 1898), pp. 370–371. James R. Moore, ‘Charles Darwin lies in Westminster …

Interview with Randal Keynes

Summary

Randal Keynes is a great-great-grandson of Charles Darwin, and the author of Annie’s Box (Fourth Estate, 2001), which discusses Darwin’s home life, his relationship with his wife and children, and the ways in which these influenced his feelings about…

Matches: 8 hits

  • … Randal Keynes is a great-great-grandson of Charles Darwin, and the author of Annie’s Box (Fourth …
  • … Correspondence Project. Randal is a great-great-grandson of Charles Darwin and a great researcher of …
  • … a quotation towards the beginning of your book in a letter that Darwin writes to Emma just …
  • … religion? Dr White: I wanted to talk, now, a bit about Darwin's religious …
  • … as a devout Christian with this simple, heartfelt conviction; a rather passive and supportive figure …
  • … amount of time and trouble and dedication to church affairs, a real concern about sustaining …
  • … unconscious. Randal Keynes: Yes. That's, again, a most interesting point, and I …
  • … he does it so well that what is actually, I'm almost certain, a purely scientific observation, …

3.9 Leonard Darwin, photo on horseback

Summary

< Back to Introduction It is so rare to encounter an image of Darwin in a specific locale that a family photograph of him riding his horse Tommy takes on a special interest. He is at the front of Down House, the door of which is open; it seems as…

Matches: 10 hits

  • … Cambridge in 1909, it was described simply as ‘Portrait of Charles Darwin on his cob “Tommy”’, …
  • … in 1912, but without indications of date or authorship; a reviewer of this exhibition in the Pall …
  • … paces.’ Henrietta’s brother George reported to her in a letter of February 1870, ‘I have been doing …
  • … – but I’m afraid he’s going on at present.’ Henrietta, a great animal lover and defender, did not …
  • … c.1866, acting as the local magistrate, he wrote a warning letter to another local farmer, whose …
  • … references and bibliography Darwin’s draft letter to a local farmer, c.1866, about the state of …
  • … Darwin’s accident when riding Tommy on 9 April 1869. Letter from George Darwin to his sister …
  • … Library. Francis Darwin, The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin , 3 vols (London: John Murray, …
  • … Darwin Centenary: The Portraits, Prints and Writings of Charles Robert Darwin, exhibited at Christ’s …
  • … South Kensington, Catalogue of the Exhibition (London: Charles Knight, [1912]), p. 1, B5. Fae …

Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year

Summary

The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…

Matches: 23 hits

  • … be done by observation during prolonged intervals’ ( letter to D. T. Gardner, [ c . 27 August …
  • … pleasures of shooting and collecting beetles ( letter from W. D. Fox, 8 May [1874] ).  Such …
  • … And … one looks backwards much more than forwards’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ). …
  • … was an illusory hope.— I feel very old & helpless’  ( letter to B. J. Sulivan, 6 January [1874] …
  • … inferred that he was well from his silence on the matter ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 26 October …
  • … at Erasmus’s house. The event was led by the medium Charles E. Williams, and was attended by George …
  • … in such rubbish’, he confided to Joseph Dalton Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 18 January [1874] …
  • … with the spirit-busting conclusion that Mr Williams was ‘a cheat and an imposter’ ( letter from T. …
  • … his, ‘& that he was thus free to perform his antics’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 29 January [1874 …
  • … edition, published in 1842 ( Correspondence  vol. 21, letter to Smith, Elder & Co., 17 …
  • … friend Joseph Dalton Hooker, and finally borrowed one from Charles Lyell ( letter to Smith, Elder …
  • … only with the help of his daughter Henrietta, whom he thought  ‘a good dear girl to take so sweetly …
  • … p. v). Among the many contributors was George Cupples, a Scottish deerhound expert who …
  • … of Honolulu, Thomas Nettleship Staley, and Titus Munson Coan, a physician in New York whose parents …
  • … he asked for a clarifying note from Huxley (Desmond and Moore 2004, pp. xxxv–xxxvi). Huxley obliged …
  • … at a much reduced price of nine shillings, in line with Charles Lyell’s  Student’s elements of …
  • … of the review became known within Darwin’s immediate circle, a bitter dispute ensued over Mivart’s …
  • … After re-reading George’s original article he could not see ‘a shadow of foundation for the false, …
  • … raising £860 ( Circular to John Lubbock, P. L. Sclater, Charles Lyell, W. B. Carpenter, and Michael …
  • … Sharpe, 24 November [1874] ).  He wrote in admiration of Charles Lyell’s plan to leave a bequest to …
  • … of the English editions. Darwin’s French publisher, Charles Reinwald, engaged new translators to …
  • … connotations of both Huxley’s and Tyndall’s addresses, Charles Lyell, who had spent his career …
  • … may be fairly said to have had an ovation’ ( letter from Charles Lyell, 1 September 1874 ). …

3.20 Elliott and Fry, c.1880-1, verandah

Summary

< Back to Introduction In photographs of Darwin taken c.1880-1, the expression of energetic thought conveyed by photographs of earlier years gives way to the pathos of evident physical frailty. While Collier’s oil portrait of this time emphasises…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … truly represent Darwin’s prevailing mood, or are, rather, a projection of his character for public …
  • … the catalogue of an exhibition, Memorials of Charles Darwin, at the Natural History Museum, …
  • … recollected his father’s air of sadness at that time. In a letter to Hooker of 15 June 1881, echoed …
  • … (May 1882). Francis Darwin (ed.), The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin , 3 vols (London: John …
  • … Darwin Centenary: The Portraits, Prints and Writings of Charles Robert Darwin, exhibited at Christ’s …
  • … (Natural History), Special Guide no. 4, Memorials of Charles Darwin , 2 nd ed. (London: …
  • … of Chicago Press, 1998), pp. 240-287 (pp. 278-9). Browne, Charles Darwin: The Power of Place. …

3.10 Ernest Edwards, 'Men of Eminence'

Summary

< Back to Introduction In 1865 Darwin was invited to feature in another series of published photographs, Portraits of Men of Eminence in Literature, Science and Art, with Biographical Memoirs . . . The Photographs from Life by Ernest Edwards, B.A.…

Matches: 8 hits

  • … of him. This image was also issued as a ‘carte de visite’, a copy of which survives in the Lindley …
  • … His brother Erasmus – always a careful custodian of Charles’s public image – wrote to Emma, …
  • … which was rejected on Erasmus’s advice? In either case, a profile shot may have seemed the least …
  • … print 
 references and bibliography Letter from Darwin to Edward Walford, 22 [Jan. – April …
  • … Alfred William Bennett], 1863–1867), vol. 5 (1866), ‘Charles Robert Darwin’, pp. 49–52. Draft of a …
  • … near-profile view of Darwin’s head and shoulders, in Charles Francis Horne (ed.), Great Men and …
  • … of Chicago Press, 1998), pp. 240–287 (p. 269). Browne, Charles Darwin: The Power of Place. Volume …
  • … (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017), ‘Charles Darwin’s beard’, pp. 71f. J. van Wyhe, …

Suggested reading

Summary

There is an extensive secondary literature on Darwin's life and work. Here are some suggested titles that focus Darwin’s correspondence, as well as scientific correspondence and letter-writing more generally. Collections of Darwin’s letters …

Matches: 11 hits

  • … correspondence, as well as scientific correspondence and letter-writing more generally. …
  • … F., et al ., eds. 2008. Evolution: selected letters of Charles Darwin 1860–1870 . Cambridge: …
  • … Press. Darwin, F., ed. 1887 The life and letters of Charles Darwin, including an …
  • … Medium of Reception and Appropriation, in The reception of Charles Darwin in Europe , edited by …
  • … of Chicago Press. Chapter 2. On the history of letter writing: Altman, J. G. …
  • … and the social grounding of differentiated genres, in Letter writing as a social practice , …
  • … R. 1997. An ordinary kind of writing: model letters and letter-writing in Ancien Régime France, in …
  • … Earle, R., ed. 1999. Epistolary selves: etters and letter-writers, 1600–1945 . Aldershot: Ashgate …
  • … Pp. 83–108. Hornbeak, K. G. 1934. The compleat letter-writer in English, 1568–1800. Smith …
  • … Press. Pp. 36–43. Some 19th-century sources on letter writing: Davies, J. …
  • … Magazine 77 : 509–17. Lyell, A. 1896. English letter writing in the nineteenth century. …

3.21 Herbert Rose Barraud, photos

Summary

< Back to Introduction The successful portrait photographer Herbert Rose Barraud, who had studios in London and Liverpool, photographed Darwin in the summer of 1881, in a group of four or so close-up head-and-shoulders portraits. This was probably at…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … firm of Barraud and Lund was bitterly hostile to his ideas. A letter written on behalf of the firm …
  • … (no. 2371i), with a facsimile signature, ‘yours sincerely Charles Darwin’. The near-profile view …
  • … message on the reverse, dated 20 February 1909, Allen Silver, a writer on the care of caged birds, …
  • … Publishing Company, 1967), p. 85. Richard Milner, ‘Charles Darwin: the last portrait’, Scientific …
  • … Janet Browne, ‘”I could have retched all night”: Charles Darwin and his body’, in Christopher …

Darwin’s reading notebooks

Summary

In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…

Matches: 28 hits

  • presented here makes this information more widely available. A previous transcript of the reading
  • about the works were later additions to the notebook text. A number of entries in theBooks to be
  • the scientific works listed on the left-hand pages (labelledain the transcript) and the non
  • numbered as follows: the verso of the pages of DAR *119, theapages of DAR 119, the odd-numbered
  • identification of the book or article to which Darwin refers. A full list of these works is given in
  • until the shelves overflowed, and then, with much lamenting, a day was given up to the cataloguing. …
  • by H. W. Rutherford ( Catalogue of the library of Charles Darwin now in the Botany School, …
  • to be Read Humboldts New Spainmuch about castes [A. von Humboldt 1811] Richardsons
  • … (Hooker 923) 7  read Decandolle Philosophie [A. P. de Candolle 1821] Decandolle
  • … [Reimarius 1760] The Highlands &amp; Western Isl ds  letter to Sir W Scott [MacCulloch 1824
  • 183440]: In Portfolio ofabstracts34  —letter from Skuckard of books on Silk Worm
  • M rs  Frys Life [Fry 1847] Horace Walpoles letter to C t . of Ossory [Walpole 1848] …
  • Asiatic Society ]—contains very little Macleays letter to D r  Fleming [Macleay 1830] …
  • 119: 5a] Mar 26 Treatise on Domestic Pigeons [J. Moore] 1765] Ap 5 D r  Edwards on
  • at end 23 d . Moores Life of Byron 6 volumes [T. Moore 1837].— poor.— —— T. Carlyles
  • partly read—— Nov 4 th . Mem. of Sheridan [T. Moore 1825] &amp; Liebers remains of Niebuhr
  • … . Meredith Van Diemens Land [Twamley 1852] Life of T. Moore [?T. Moore 18536] have read vol
  • … [DAR *128: 176] Moores Life of Sheridan [T. Moore 1825] Hucs China [Huc 1855] —read
  • … [Heer 1854].— Hooker has it.— Very important Hookers letter Jan. 1859 Yules Ava [Yule 1858] …
  • Galtons Tour in S. Africa [Galton 1853] good Aug 23. Moores Life. L d  J. Russel [T. Moore
  • 1859]. (goodish) 1  The personal library of Charles Stokes from whom CD borrowed books
  • of the material from these portfolios is in DAR 205, the letter from William Edward Shuckard to
  • Erskine. 2 vols. London.  *119: 14 Babington, Charles Cardale. 1839Primitiæ floræ   …
  • of Useful Knowledge.) London.  *119: 13 Badham, Charles David. 1845Insect life . …
  • … [Abstract in DAR 205.3: 180.] 119: 21a Bell, Charles. 1806Essays on the anatomy of
  • of the London Clay . London.  *119: 12v. Brace, Charles Loring. 1852Hungary in 1851: …
  • life from 1838 to the present   time . Edited by John Charles Templer. 3 vols. London128: 9
  • … . 3 vols. Edinburgh and London128: 25 Bunbury, Charles James Fox. 1848Journal of a

3.8 Leonard Darwin, interior photo

Summary

< Back to Introduction Leonard Darwin, who created the distinctive image of his father sitting on the verandah at Down House, also portrayed him as a melancholy philosopher. His head, brightly lit from above, emerges from the enveloping darkness; he…

Matches: 11 hits

  • … when strolling about the lawn, and he, after, as I believe, a kindly word or two, turned away’, as …
  • … above, it would need to have been early in that year. A letter which Leonard wrote to his father …
  • … to the portrait of Darwin, although a pencilled note on the letter could suggest that Leonard was …
  • … this photograph which Leonard himself sent to Anthony Rich, a great admirer of Darwin who insisted …
  • … well as veneration and respect’. Worthington George Smith, a naturalist and illustrator, created a …
  • … DAR 186.34 (DCP-LETT-11484), Leonard Darwin’s letter to his father, enclosing unidentified …
  • … 1878), with a facsimile of his signature, illustrating ‘Charles Darwin F.R.S.’, pp. 154-163. …
  • … (20 Aug. 1881), illustrating Hibberd’s article, ‘Mr. Charles Darwin’, on pp. 477-8 (Lindley Library, …
  • … Darwin Centenary: The Portraits, Prints and Writings of Charles Robert Darwin, exhibited at Christ’s …
  • … Cambridge University Press, 1909), p. 47, no. 252. Rich’s letter to the Darwin family mentioning …
  • … the National Portrait Gallery, 2000), p. 69. Janet Browne, Charles Darwin: the Power of Place. …

Portraits of Charles Darwin: a catalogue

Summary

Compiled by Diana Donald The format of the catalogue Nineteenth-century portraits of Darwin are found in a very wide range of visual media. For the purposes of this catalogue, they have been divided into four broad categories, according to medium.…

Matches: 13 hits

  • … of the nineteenth century’s most famous natural scientist, Charles Darwin, confronts us with a …
  • … of English Heritage, Down House; Rebecca Klarner of the V & A Wedgwood Collection, and Genny …
  • … She was guest curator for the exhibition Endless Forms: Charles Darwin, Natural Science and the …
  • … ‘Death of Mr. Charles R. Darwin’, Daily News (21 April 1882). A writer on ‘The late Mr. Darwin’ …
  • … Science ; cf. DCP-LETT-5060. 
 ‘Germany’, a report in the Times (29 April 1882) …
  • … Library, San Marino, and the extensive collections of Charles Finney Cox in the archive of the Mertz …
  • … Darwin Centenary: The Portraits, Prints and Writings of Charles Robert Darwin, exhibited at Christ’s …
  • … as Ethical Thinker, Human Reformer and Pessimist, With a Letter to Mr. Spencer (London: John Bale, …
  • … Darwin: biography and the changing representations of Charles Darwin’, Journal of …
  • … by Janet Browne: ‘”I could have retched all night”: Charles Darwin and his body’, in Christopher …
  • … University of Chicago Press, 1998), pp. 240–287. ‘Charles Darwin as a celebrity’, Science in …
  • … ‘Making Darwin: biography and changing representations of Charles Darwin’, Journal of …
  • … See also the references to portraits in Browne’s Charles Darwin: The Power of Place. Volume II of …

4.1 Albert Way, comic drawings

Summary

< Back to Introduction The earliest identifiable comic drawings of Darwin are these pen sketches by his Cambridge undergraduate friend Albert Way of Trinity College, which must date from c. 1828-30. They refer to his passion for beetle-collecting – a…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … c. 1828-30. They refer to his passion for beetle-collecting – a passion shared with Way himself, …
  • … on field trips by his infectious enthusiasm. In 1881, a Shrewsbury schoolfellow, Edward James …
  • … Francis Darwin (ed.), The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin , 3 vols (London: John Murray, 1887, …

Fake Darwin: myths and misconceptions

Summary

Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive ones, with full debunking below...

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive ones, …

Interview with John Hedley Brooke

Summary

John Hedley Brooke is President of the Science and Religion Forum as well as the author of the influential Science and Religion: Some Historical Perspectives (Cambridge University Press, 1991). He has had a long career in the history of science and…

Matches: 13 hits

  • … It’s striking, I think, that scientists like Charles Lyell , for example, felt, also, that there …
  • … optimistic on the part of its adherents. There is, however, a complication about this, which is that …
  • … than as an expansion, whereas I think there was, perhaps, a sense in which in the 19th century in …
  • … were leading Anglican reformers and liberal theologians ? Charles Kingsley was one, …
  • … and right up to their own time there had been, as it were, a progressively more refined …
  • … I’m looking back now to a book that was published by James Moore in the late 1970s called The post …
  • … to the fear displayed by monkeys. He writes about this in a letter in 1881 to William Graham : …
  • … heart, here, of some very sensitive issues between Emma and Charles himself. You ask, were …
  • … definition of secularization, it will say something like, A concern for things of this world as …
  • … contribute to, shall we say, the plausibility of a secular, a materialist, an atheistic even, view …
  • … Comte, implied the rejection, certainly, of Roman Catholicism; a rejection of the religious in …
  • … press one’s heterodoxy onto others. And you refer to a letter from Joseph Hooker to Darwin in 1865 …
  • … the word science is problematic. It’s had a long history, a complicated history, and now it tends to …

Darwin on race and gender

Summary

Darwin’s views on race and gender are intertwined, and mingled also with those of class. In Descent of man, he tried to explain the origin of human races, and many of the differences between the sexes, with a single theory: sexual selection. Sexual…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … ( Beagle diary , p. 143). He was delighted to receive a letter from an African correspondent …
  • … and Progress Key letters: Letter to J. S. Henslow, 11 April 1833 …
  • … and human nature’]. Shanafelt, Robert. 2003. How Charles Darwin got emotional expression out …
  • … Correspondence with women Key letters : Letter to H. E. Darwin, [8 February …

Who we were

Summary

Many people have contributed to the Darwin Correspondence Project since it was first founded in 1974. Some names are now lost to us, and we would appreciate hearing from anyone who has contributed in the past and is not listed here. The final staff of…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … 1986) and editions of the works of Mary Somerville, Charles Lyell, and Robert Chambers. Victorian …
  • … Darwin Bicentenary exhibition, and edited a companion book, A Voyage Round the World: Charles
  • … the public. She also keeps the office running, transcribes letter texts, researches obscure …
  • … for the production of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin volumes, including in-house …
  • … a number of exhibitions, including ‘Darwin the Geologist’ a permanent exhibit commissioned by the …

4.4 Thomas Huxley, caricature sketch

Summary

< Back to Introduction This amusing sketch signed by Thomas Huxley is in a letter that he wrote to Darwin on 20 July 1868. By the late 1860s, Origin of Species had given rise to extreme adulation of Darwin on the part of some of the younger German…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … This amusing sketch signed by Thomas Huxley is in a letter that he wrote to Darwin on 20 July 1868. …
  • … Darwins: an Exhibition to mark the Centenary of the Death of Charles Darwin (1982), no. 30. J. Van …

1.14 William Richmond, oil

Summary

< Back to Introduction William Blake Richmond’s portrait of Darwin, dating from 1879, celebrated his honorary degree of LL.D (Doctor in Laws), awarded by Cambridge University in 1877. Darwin’s return to his alma mater for the presentation ceremony…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … elegantly but speciously adapted Darwin’s theories to ‘a passage of Lucretius’, but the …
  • … 1880), p. 5. Francis Darwin (ed.), The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin , 3 vols (London: John …
  • … p. 31. Francis Darwin and A.C. Seward, More Letters of Charles Darwin , 2 vols (London: John …
  • … Darwin Centenary: The Portraits, Prints and Writings of Charles Robert Darwin, exhibited at Christ’s …
  • … 1909), p. 3, no. 7. Henrietta E. Litchfield, Emma Darwin, a Century of Family Letters , 2 vols …
  • … (Sept. 2009), pp. 542–570 (pp. 553–6). John van Wyhe, Charles Darwin in Cambridge: the Most Joyful …

Darwin's in letters, 1873: Animal or vegetable?

Summary

Having laboured for nearly five years on human evolution, sexual selection, and the expression of emotions, Darwin was able to devote 1873 almost exclusively to his beloved plants. He resumed work on the digestive powers of sundews and Venus fly traps, and…

Matches: 20 hits

  • … I omitted to observe, which I ought to have observed” ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 January [1873] …
  • … work your wicked will on it—root leaf & branch!” ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 12 January 1873 ) …
  • … which seemed analogous to muscular contraction in animals: “a nerve is touched … a sensation is felt …
  • … which Darwin suspected attracted insects by its odour, like “a baited trap” ( ibid ., p. 17). …
  • … Edward Emanuel Klein at the Brown Animal Sanatory Institution, a centre of medical research in …
  • … Handbook ‘s other contributors, Thomas Lauder Brunton, a specialist in pharmacology, and John Scott …
  • … parts of the flower would become modified & correlated” ( letter to T. H. Farrer, 14 August …
  • … it again, “for Heaven knows when it will be ready” ( letter to John Murray, 4 May [1873] ). …
  • … we take notes and take tracings of their burrows” ( letter from Francis Darwin, 14 August [1873] ) …
  • … in importance; and if so more places will be created” ( letter to E. A. Darwin, 20 September 1873 …
  • … our unfortunate family being fit for continuous work” ( letter from E. A. Darwin, 25 September …
  • … on any point; for I knew my own ignorance before hand” ( letter to George Cupples, 28 April [1873] …
  • … “he would fly at the Empr’s throat like a bulldog” ( letter from L. M. Forster to H. E. Litchfield, …
  • … force & truth of the great principle of inheritance!” ( letter to F. S. B. F. de Chaumont, 3 …
  • … the heavy breathing that accompanied sexual intercourse? (letter from ?, [1873?]). The Scottish …
  • … with up lines; & sadness & decay with the reverse—” ( letter from William Main, 2 April …
  • … with the advance of civilisation and good breeding ( letter from Henry Reeks, 3 March 1873 ). …
  • … have never felt an inclination to have a second dose” ( letter from Robert Swinhoe, 26 March 1873 …
  • … & usefulness”, citing the examples of John Stuart Mill and Charles Lyell, who would have had far …
  • … unorthodoxy, troubling and potentially undermining (J. R. Moore 1985, pp. 471–2). A courted …
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