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Language: key letters
Summary
How and why language evolved bears on larger questions about the evolution of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the development of human speech from animal sounds in The Descent of Man (1871),…
Matches: 4 hits
- … separated from one stock.” Letter 2070: Wedgwood, Hensleigh to Darwin, C. R., [before 29 …
- … continents.” Letter 3054: Darwin, C. R. to Lyell, Charles, 2 Feb [1861] If the …
- … were separately created. Darwin writes to the geologist Charles Lyell about the views of the Harvard …
- … do they scream & make loud noise?” Letter 7040: Wedgwood, Hensleigh to Darwin, C. R., …
The "wicked book": Origin at 157
Summary
Origin is 157 years old. (Probably) the most famous book in science was published on 24 November 1859. To celebrate we have uploaded hundreds of new images of letters, bringing the total number you can look at here to over 9000 representing more than…
Matches: 5 hits
- … Russel Wallace , co-discoverer of natural selection; Charles Lyell , and Joseph Hooker , the …
- … letters from family and friends, including letters between Charles and his wife Emma, and several of …
- … parish of Down in Kent, and a lifelong friend of both Charles and Emma, sent information on …
- … over me on rising William Darwin Fox , Charles’s cousin and another friend, compared …
- … H. C. Watson J. J. Weir H. W. Bates Hensleigh Wedgwood J. S. Henslow C …
Julia Wedgwood
Summary
Charles Darwin’s readership largely consisted of other well-educated Victorian men, nonetheless, some women did read, review, and respond to Darwin’s work. One of these women was Darwin’s own niece, Julia Wedgwood, known in the family as “Snow”. In July…
Matches: 17 hits
- … Though Charles Darwin’s readership largely consisted of other well-educated …
- … to his work. One of the foremost was his niece, Julia Wedgwood. She was the eldest child of …
- … Her first important periodical contributions were on Darwin, Lyell, the debate on the origins of …
- … on religion and Eliot’s irregular private life. Wedgwood’s The Moral Ideal , the outcome …
- … to devote her time to her work. Emma Darwin was irritated by Wedgwood family criticism of this …
- … brilliance of her teachers and the proximity of her uncle Charles Darwin, she ought, she said, “to …
- … of Science”, about On the Origin of Species . Wedgwood welcomed Darwin’s discoveries and sought …
- … and that I find a very rare event with my critics”. ( Charles Darwin to F. J. Wedgwood, 11 July …
- … of its authorship. (The other was by Alfred Wallace.) In it Wedgwood largely avoided the debate on …
- … her conclusion she reclaimed Darwin as a Theist. When Fanny Wedgwood disclosed the review’s …
- … significance of sexual selection] with approbation.” ( Charles and Emma Darwin to F. J. Wedgwood, …
- … religion in the biography of him Frank Darwin was preparing, Wedgwood was invited by her cousin, …
- … sons rejected it as not what Darwin had written and Wedgwood stepped back from the continuing family …
- … the Darwin sons but was accepted by Emma Darwin, with whom Wedgwood remained on close terms until …
- … the head”. Sources: Sue Brown, Julia Wedgwood, the unexpected Victorian: the …
- … Nineteenth Century Series, 2022) Jose Harris, ‘Wedgwood, (Frances) Julia (1833–1913)’, …
- … 134–8; 4 (1861): 237-47. Wedgwood Barbara and Hensleigh Wedgwood. 1980. The Wedgwood Circle …
List of correspondents
Summary
Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent. "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…
Matches: 25 hits
- … Edwards & Co. (1) Babbage, Charles (10) …
- … Bond, Frederick (2) Boner, Charles (5) …
- … Edward (1) Bradlaugh, Charles (2) …
- … Brayley, E. W. (1) Breese, Charles (1) …
- … Samuel (b) (14) Buxton, Charles (2) …
- … Chapman, John (4) Charles, R. F. (2) …
- … Crawfurd, John (3) Crawley, Charles (2) …
- … Virginius (3) Dallas, Charles (1) …
- … Dixie, Florence (3) Dixon, Charles (1) …
- … Symington (1) Griffin, Charles (1) …
- … Albert (64) Günzbourg, Charles (1) …
- … Science-Gossip (1) Hardy, Charles (3) …
- … Hinrichs, G. D. (4) Hinton, Charles (1) …
- … King, P. P. (1) Kingsley, Charles (18) …
- … Lane, E. W. (1) Langstaff, Charles (2) …
- … Layard, E. L. (3) Layton, Charles (12) …
- … Commissioners (1) Lovegrove, Charles (3) …
- … Lydekker, R. (1) Lyell, Charles (277) …
- … Daniel (12) Maclaren, Charles (3) …
- … Ríos, Eugenio (1) Moore, Charles (a) (1) …
- … Arthur (2) Mostyn Owen, Charles (b) (2) …
- … Newton, Alfred (35) Nichols, Charles (1) …
- … Adolf Erik (1) Nordhoff, Charles (1) …
- … E. H. (1) O’Shaughnessy, Charles (1) …
- … H. E. (1) Wedgwood, Hensleigh (20) …
Darwin in letters, 1860: Answering critics
Summary
On 7 January 1860, John Murray published the second edition of Darwin’s Origin of species, printing off another 3000 copies to satisfy the demands of an audience that surprised both the publisher and the author. It wasn't long, however, before ‘the…
Matches: 17 hits
- … the book was on sale even in railway stations ( letter to Charles Lyell, 14 January [1860] ). By …
- … evidence. Several correspondents, such as his cousin Hensleigh Wedgwood and Heinrich Georg Bronn, …
- … current knowledge could not illuminate this ‘mystery’. Charles Lyell worried, among other things, …
- … did not necessarily lead to progression ( letter to Charles Lyell, 18 [and 19 February 1860] ). To …
- … of reasoning about global change. Darwin also knew that Lyell was a powerful potential ally. Indeed, …
- … plant species and varieties than from animal breeding. With Lyell also questioning how interbreeding …
- … perfected structure as the eye. As Darwin admitted to Lyell, Gray, and others, imagining how …
- … Certainly this was a major difficulty standing in the way of Lyell’s acceptance of the theory, as …
- … explicitly in Origin — only one sentence, he told Lyell, showed that he believed ‘man is in same …
- … of the scientifically literate clergymen Baden Powell and Charles Kingsley attested. Moreover, …
- … any new converts or even cause earlier proponents (like Lyell) to retract their support altogether …
- … he received, in letters to his closest confidants Hooker, Lyell, and Gray. Initially he found it …
- … hostile critique of his geological argument, he wrote to Lyell on 6 June [1860] : 'I am …
- … husband’s current enthusiasm, Emma Darwin wrote to Mary Lyell: ‘At present he is treating Drosera …
- … time on the Drosera study in particular, admitting to Lyell ‘how much better fun observing is …
- … & not amuse myself with interludes.—’ (letters to Charles Lyell, 24 November [1860] , and to …
- … daughter Anne’s fatal illness never far from their minds, Charles and Emma did whatever they could …
Journal of researches
Summary
Within two months of the Beagle’s arrival back in England in October 1836, Darwin, although busy with distributing his specimens among specialists for description, and more interested in working on his geological research, turned his mind to the task of…
Matches: 10 hits
- … FitzRoy ’. In contrast, when Darwin’s cousin Hensleigh Wedgwood and his wife Fanny read the …
- … ‘I am not in general a good reader of travels’, Hensleigh confessed, ‘ but I found no part of yours …
- … length of the journal kept during the voyage, while another Wedgwood cousin continued to encourage …
- … attending the renowned Birmingham Music Festival with his Wedgwood cousins. ‘ To write a book, I do …
- … Chapter’, Darwin wrote to his sister Caroline, adding that Charles Lyell ‘ says it beats all the …
- … get lost as part of three-volume set. In September 1838, Charles Lyell reported that his father …
- … of his work, and especially appreciated the positive view of Charles Lyell Sr, claiming that ‘ to …
- … from Colburn, Darwin had few scruples when, in 1845, at Lyell’s suggestion, he asked whether the …
- … German edition produced in 1844, needed to be returned. ‘ Lyell recommended me to write to the …
- … however, not least because it would have been anathema to Charles Lyell, to whom Darwin dedicated …
Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 9 hits
- … at Erasmus’s house. The event was led by the medium Charles E. Williams, and was attended by George …
- … Williams séance was held at the home of Darwin’s cousin Hensleigh Wedgwood. Those present included …
- … friend Joseph Dalton Hooker, and finally borrowed one from Charles Lyell ( letter to Smith, Elder …
- … at a much reduced price of nine shillings, in line with Charles Lyell’s Student’s elements of …
- … raising £860 ( Circular to John Lubbock, P. L. Sclater, Charles Lyell, W. B. Carpenter, and Michael …
- … Sharpe, 24 November [1874] ). He wrote in admiration of Charles Lyell’s plan to leave a bequest to …
- … of the English editions. Darwin’s French publisher, Charles Reinwald, engaged new translators to …
- … connotations of both Huxley’s and Tyndall’s addresses, Charles Lyell, who had spent his career …
- … may be fairly said to have had an ovation’ ( letter from Charles Lyell, 1 September 1874 ). …
Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments
Summary
The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…
Matches: 17 hits
- … In 1865, the chief work on Charles Darwin’s mind was the writing of The variation of animals and …
- … dispute between two of Darwin’s friends, John Lubbock and Charles Lyell . These events all inspired …
- … claimed, important for his enjoyment of life. He wrote to Charles Lyell on 22 January [1865] , …
- … and those of Georges Louis Leclerc, comte de Buffon, and Charles Bonnet; Darwin wrote back: ‘I do …
- … the Royal Society of Edinburgh criticising Origin . Like Charles Lyell, who wrote to Darwin on …
- … for existence (ibid., pp. 276–81). Darwin responded to Lyell’s account in some detail ( see letter …
- … the correspondence. At the end of May, the dispute between Charles Lyell and John Lubbock over …
- … human antiquity, adding a note to his preface asserting that Lyell in his Antiquity of man , …
- … Natural History Review . He also cited a statement by Lyell in Antiquity of man that the pages …
- … inadvertence’. Though Lubbock had raised the matter with Lyell before publishing, this statement, …
- … sent to Darwin and its enclosures have not been found, so Lyell’s letter to Hooker, which must have …
- … Correspondence vol. 13. Hooker, while acknowledging Lyell’s fault, thought Lubbock’s …
- … of his must also have made the crisis particularly painful. Lyell had been to some extent his mentor …
- … set up to support FitzRoy’s children ( see letter from Charles Shaw, 3 October 1865 ). …
- … a long holiday at Hengwrt, a house in Wales rented by the Hensleigh Wedgwoods for the summer, and …
- … Correspondence vol. 13, CD’s ‘Journal’, Appendix I). Wedgwood and Darwin relatives visited Down …
- … are letters commenting on Origin , including two from Charles Lyell, who had been sent the proof …
Darwin in letters, 1875: Pulling strings
Summary
‘I am getting sick of insectivorous plants’, Darwin confessed in January 1875. He had worked on the subject intermittently since 1859, and had been steadily engaged on a book manuscript for nine months; January also saw the conclusion of a bitter dispute…
Matches: 4 hits
- … and part of a circle of philanthropists that included Hensleigh and Frances Wedgwood. She had …
- … the form of a poem: From the Insects to their friend, Charles Darwin We are very …
- … local vicar George Sketchley Ffinden resurfaced. In 1873, Charles and Emma Darwin and the Lubbocks …
- … including one of his oldest and dearest friends, Charles Lyell. Darwin had learned of Lyell’s …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 27 hits
- … by H. W. Rutherford ( Catalogue of the library of Charles Darwin now in the Botany School, …
- … Louisiana [darby 1816] & Finch Travels [Finch 1833]. (Lyell) Maximilian in Brazil [Wied …
- … of Mexico [W. H. Prescott 1843], strongly recommended by Lyell (read) Berkeleys Works …
- … 1844] L d Cloncurry Memm [Lawless 1849] Lady Lyell Sir J Heads Forest scenes in …
- … round world 1803–6 [Lisyansky 1814]— nothing Lyell’s Elements of Geology [Lyell 1838] …
- … J 57 Browne’s Religio Medici [T. Browne 1643] Lyell’s Book III 5th Edit 58 [Lyell 1837] …
- … —— 30 th Lyells Principles. 3. Vol. 6 th Edit [Lyell 1840]— references at end.— April 6 …
- … abstracted 22 d Lyells Elem. 2 d Edit. [Lyell 1841] d[itt]o.— Jan 3 d . …
- … Miserable Aug. 5 th Lyells Travels in N. America [Lyell 1845] Oct. Cosmos [A. von …
- … [J. J. von Tschudi 1847] 15. Skimmed 7 th Edit of Lyell’s Elements 80 [Lyell 1847] …
- … in Sutherlandshire [Saint John 1849] June 30. Sir C. Lyell Second Visit to America [Lyell …
- … 1859] } Fanny The Woman in White [Collins 1860] } Hensleigh [DAR *128: 151] …
- … 1859]. (goodish) 1 The personal library of Charles Stokes from whom CD borrowed books …
- … (Liebig 1851). 50 Probably Elizabeth Wedgwood. 51 This note is a …
- … with ‘X’ in brown crayon. 101 Fanny Hensleigh, i.e., Frances Mackintosh Wedgwood. …
- … Erskine. 2 vols. London. *119: 14 Babington, Charles Cardale. 1839. Primitiæ floræ …
- … of Useful Knowledge.) London. *119: 13 Badham, Charles David. 1845. Insect life . …
- … [Abstract in DAR 205.3: 180.] 119: 21a Bell, Charles. 1806. Essays on the anatomy of …
- … of the London Clay . London. *119: 12v. Brace, Charles Loring. 1852. Hungary in 1851: …
- … life from 1838 to the present time . Edited by John Charles Templer. 3 vols. London. 128: 9 …
- … . 3 vols. Edinburgh and London. 128: 25 Bunbury, Charles James Fox. 1848. Journal of a …
- … nature of virtue . Cambridge. *119: 13 Buxton, Charles. 1848. Memoirs of Sir Thomas …
- … Rural hours . 2 vols. London. *119: 24 Coote, Charles. 1819. The history of England, …
- … to the treaty concluded at Paris, in the year 1815; by Charles Coote . 4 vols. London. 119: …
- … during the years 1838–1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. New York. [Abstract in DAR …
- … during the years 1838–1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Philadelphia. [Abstract in …
- … of Essex, in the reigns of Elizabeth, James I., and Charles I., 1540–1646 . 2 vols. London. …
Scientific Networks
Summary
Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…
