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List of correspondents

Summary

Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent. "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…

Matches: 22 hits

… Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. …
… G. E. (1) Beaufort, Francis (5) …
… Octavian (3) Blomefield, Leonard (42) …
… Boole, M. E. (3) Boott, Francis (7) …
… Dareste, Camille (9) Darwin family (1) …
… Darwin, E. L. (1) Darwin, Elizabeth (9) …
… Darwin, Horace (30) Darwin, Leonard (37) …
… James (a) (5) Drysdale, Elizabeth (1) …
… Everest, Robert (1) Ewbank, Francis (1) …
… Fox, W. D. (225) Francis, George (1) …
… Galton, Erasmus (1) Galton, Francis (118) …
… Horner, K. M. (5) Horner, Leonard (13) …
… Jenyns, G. L. (1) Jenyns, Leonard (42) …
… Archibald (1) Lloyd, Francis (1) …
… Parker, Charles (2) Parker, Francis (1) …
… Ruck, M. A. (2) Rudd, Leonard (2) …
… Walford, Edward (2) Walker, Francis (6) …
… George (2) Warner, Francis (1) …
… Charlotte (2) Wedgwood, Elizabeth (11) …
… F. M. (2) Wedgwood, Francis (4) …
… (2) Wemyss-Charteris-Douglas, Francis (1) …
… White, Adam (2) White, Francis Buchanan (3) …

Darwin in letters, 1879: Tracing roots

Summary

Darwin spent a considerable part of 1879 in the eighteenth century. His journey back in time started when he decided to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an essay on Erasmus’s evolutionary ideas…

Matches: 20 hits

… There are summaries of all Darwin's letters from the year 1879 on this website. The full texts …
… 27 of the print edition of The correspondence of Charles Darwin , published by Cambridge …
… to publish a biographical account of his grandfather Erasmus Darwin to accompany a translation of an …
… the sensitivity of the tips. Despite this breakthrough, when Darwin first mentioned the book to his …
… 1879 ). He was also unsatisfied with his account of Erasmus Darwin, declaring, ‘My little biography …
… W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, [after 26] July [1879] ). From July, Darwin had an additional worry: the …
… that his grandfather had felt the same way. In 1792, Erasmus Darwin had written: ‘The worst thing I …
… contained a warmer note and the promise of future happiness: Darwin learned he was to be visited by …
… Hacon, 31 December 1879 ). Seventy years old Darwin’s seventieth birthday on 12 …
… the veteran of Modern Zoology’, but it was in Germany that Darwin was most fêted. A German …
… ). The masters of Greiz College in Thuringia venerated Darwin as ‘the deep thinker’, while …
… accepted in Germany. ‘On this festive day’, Haeckel told Darwin, ‘you can look back, with justified …
… Hermann Müller wrote on 12 February to wish Darwin a ‘long and serene evening of life’. This …
… with Charles Darwin and Ernst Haeckel. Kosmos was, as Francis Darwin reported from Germany that …
… the children correctly’, mentioning in particular that Francis Galton was the son of one of Erasmus …
… Darwin, 28 May [1879] ). On the Galton side of the family, Elizabeth Anne Wheler, who was pleased …
… it ‘very dull,—almost too dull to publish’, while Leonard Darwin considered that insufficient …
… ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 12 July 1879 , and letter from Leonard Darwin, [before 12 July] 1879 …
… In August, Bernard accompanied his grandparents, Aunt Elizabeth (Bessy) Darwin, and Henrietta and …
… Darwin found the inn ‘ very comfortable’, but told Leonard Darwin on 12 August that there …

Fake Darwin: myths and misconceptions

Summary

Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive ones, with full debunking below...

Matches: 1 hits

… Many myths have persisted about Darwin's life and work. Here are a few of the more pervasive …

Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year

Summary

The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…

Matches: 23 hits

… 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working …
… dispute over an anonymous review that attacked the work of Darwin’s son George dominated the second …
… and traveller Alexander von Humboldt’s 105th birthday, Darwin obliged with a reflection on his debt …
… ). The death of a Cambridge friend, Albert Way, caused Darwin’s cousin, William Darwin Fox, to …
… from W. D. Fox, 8 May [1874] ). Such reminiscences led Darwin to the self-assessment, ‘as for one …
… I feel very old & helpless The year started for Darwin with a week’s visit to …
… Andrew Clark, whom he had been consulting since August 1873. Darwin had originally thought that …
… ( letter to B. J. Sulivan, 6 January [1874] ). Darwin mentioned his poor health so frequently in …
… 1874 ). Séances, psychics, and sceptics Darwin excused himself for reasons of …
… by George Henry Lewes and Marian Evans (George Eliot), but Darwin excused himself, finding it too …
… the month, another Williams séance was held at the home of Darwin’s cousin Hensleigh Wedgwood. Those …
… imposter’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 27 January 1874 ). Darwin agreed that it was ‘all imposture’ …
… stop word getting to America of the ‘strange news’ that Darwin had allowed ‘a spirit séance’ at his …
… the first three months of the year and, like many of Darwin’s enterprises in the 1870s, were family …
… had cost twenty-four shillings.) Murray’s partner, Robert Francis Cooke, informed Darwin that the …
… in sympathy: ‘If anybody tries that on with my boy Leonard the old wolf will shew all the fangs he …
… [1874] ). At the end of June, Darwin’s fourth son, Leonard , who had joined the Royal …
… son of the Astronomer Royal, George Biddell Airy, to help Leonard gain the commission ( …
… took twelve weeks aboard the immigrant ship Merope . Leonard joined a colourful collection of …
… (see G. B. Airy ed. 1881). Darwin’s third son Francis married Amy Ruck, the sister of a …
… work on insectivorous plants. Amy drew a plant and Francis was disappointed that they seemed not to …
… from Cornwall, but Darwin was unwell when it arrived, so Francis worked on the tiny bladders under …
… letter John Murray, 9 May [1874] ). He communicated Mary Elizabeth Barber’s paper on the pupae of …

Life of Erasmus Darwin

Summary

The Life of Erasmus Darwin (1879) was a curious departure for Darwin. It was intended as a biographical note to accompany an essay on Erasmus's scientific work by the German writer Ernst Krause. But Darwin became immersed in his grandfather's…

Matches: 19 hits

… scientific work by the German writer Ernst Krause. But Darwin became immersed in his grandfather& …
… his grandfather's mind and character. To compose the work, Darwin gathered materials and …
… book into grist for controversy. In February 1879, Darwin received an unusual birthday …
… an essay by Ernst Krause on the evolutionary ideas of Darwin's grandfather. Darwin was familiar …
… poems, The Botanic Garden and Temple of Nature . But Darwin had never known his grandfather, …
… in Darwinismus '; ' It piles up the glory and would please Francis '. Darwin' …
… 'men of science'. The biographical sketch was thus a way for Darwin to trace his own …
… character. Once a celebrated poet and philosopher, Erasmus Darwin's fame had declined sharply …
… wholly & shamefully ignorant of my grandfathers life ', Darwin wrote to Krause on 14 March …
… storehouse of private thoughts and experiences. Reading it, Darwin said, was like ' having …
… Priory where he resided at his death, both appeared in Darwin's Life . & …
… word “benevolent” has always been associated with Dr. Darwin by his friends '. She recalled an …
… colourful tales were exchanged in letters. Another cousin, Elizabeth Wheler, told the story of a …
… bedside & made him a sign to be silent. He then said “Dr. Darwin I am the Jockey who is to ride …
… just at the last, & come in third or fourth'. Darwin tried to verify such tales …
… to rob him '. Again, the story was told most vividly by Elizabeth Wheler: ' Dr. D. was …
… her facts till they almost ceased to be true', wrote Elizabeth Wheler. ' My Mother always …
… Erasmus's character and restored his good reputation. Francis Galton was pleased to have been …
… rallied round and debated the best course of action. His son Leonard suggested inserting a flysheet …

Emma Darwin

Summary

Emma Darwin, Charles Darwin's wife and first cousin, was born Emma Wedgwood, the eighth and youngest child of Josiah Wedgwood II and Bessy Allen. Her father was the eldest son of the famous pottery manufacturer, Josiah Wedgwood I. Her mother was one…

Matches: 6 hits

… Emma Darwin, Charles Darwin's wife and first cousin, was born Emma Wedgwood, the eighth and …
… father's eldest sister, Susannah, had married Robert Waring Darwin of Shrewsbury, and had six …
… children were born (Mary, Henrietta Emma, George Howard, Elizabeth, Francis, Leonard, Horace, and …
… 10. Charles and Emma also cared for their grandson Bernard, Francis's son: his mother, Amy, …
… Grove, Huntingdon Road, where she lived with her daughter Elizabeth. Francis, George, and Horace …
… home. A great deal of her correspondence survives in the Darwin Archive–CUL, along with her …

Darwin in letters, 1869: Forward on all fronts

Summary

At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of Origin. He may have resented the interruption to his work on sexual selection and human evolution, but he spent forty-six days on the task. Much of the…

Matches: 28 hits

… At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of …
… appeared at the end of 1866 and had told his cousin William Darwin Fox, ‘My work will have to stop a …
… material on emotional expression. Yet the scope of Darwin’s interests remained extremely broad, and …
… plants, and earthworms, subjects that had exercised Darwin for decades, and that would continue to …
… Carl von Nägeli and perfectibility Darwin’s most substantial addition to Origin was a …
… a Swiss botanist and professor at Munich (Nägeli 1865). Darwin had considered Nägeli’s paper …
… principal engine of change in the development of species. Darwin correctly assessed Nägeli’s theory …
… in most morphological features (Nägeli 1865, p. 29). Darwin sent a manuscript of his response (now …
… are & must be morphological’. The comment highlights Darwin’s apparent confusion about Nägeli’s …
… ‘purely morphological’. The modern reader may well share Darwin’s uncertainty, but Nägeli evidently …
… pp. 28–9). In further letters, Hooker tried to provide Darwin with botanical examples he could use …
… problems of heredity Another important criticism that Darwin sought to address in the fifth …
… prevailing theory of blending inheritance that Jenkin and Darwin both shared, would tend to be lost …
… ( Origin 5th ed., pp. 103–4). The terminology that Darwin and others employed in these matters ( …
… ‘I must have expressed myself atrociously’, Darwin wrote to Alfred Russel Wallace on 2 February , …
… of Origin was the result of correspondence between Darwin and the geologist James Croll. In the …
… but it was his theory of alternate ice ages that piqued Darwin’s interest the most. He wrote, ‘this …
… ( letter to James Croll, 31 January [1869] ). Darwin had argued ( Origin , pp. 377–8) that plant …
… would always exist. In Origin 5th ed., pp. 450–61, Darwin accounted for the survival of tropical …
… James Croll, 31 January [1869] ). Croll could not supply Darwin with an estimate of the age of the …
… ( letter from James Croll, 4 February 1869 ). Darwin did not directly challenge Thomson’s …
… 19 March [1869] ). Towards Descent Once Darwin had completed revisions of the …
… of concern were received for months afterwards. Francis Galton: Hereditary genius and …
… Emma read aloud from a new book by Darwin’s half-cousin, Francis Galton. The work, Hereditary …
… grandfather, Erasmus, to two of Darwin’s sons (George and Leonard ), who had recently excelled in …
… is an eminently important difference’ ( letter to Francis Galton, 23 December [1869] ). …
… of inheritance through experiments on rabbits ( letter from Francis Galton, 11 December 1869 ). …
… the first to give me freedom of thought’ ( letter from Francis Galton, 24 December 1869 ). …

Darwin’s observations on his children

Summary

Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children, began the research that culminated in his book The Expression of the emotions in man and animals, published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, published in Mind…

Matches: 23 hits

… Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children,[1] began the …
… is available below . As with much of his other work, Darwin gathered additional information on the …
… lunatics, the blind, and animals. And as early as 1839 Darwin had begun to collect information on …
… the expression of emotions. As the following transcript of Darwin’s notes reveals, he closely …
… William Erasmus, the stages of his development suggesting to Darwin those expressions which are …
… The tone of the manuscript reflects an aspect of Darwin’s character clearly perceived by Emma during …
… “What does that prove”.’[6] For in these notes, Darwin’s deep scientific curiosity transcends his …
… that on occasion he refers to William as ‘it’. Darwin possessed the ability to dissociate …
… memories.[8] Yet, though the dissociation was essential for Darwin’s scientific goal, the notes here …
… until September 1844. Parallels in the development of Anne Elizabeth , born 2 March 1841, were also …
… the record breaks off until January 1852, by which time the Darwin family had increased by five: …
… the onset of frowning, smiling, etc., as was the focus of Darwin’s attention on William and Anne, …
… of logical thought and language. On 20 May 1854, Darwin again took over the notebook and, …
… all the notes until July 1856, when the observations ceased. Darwin’s later entries, like Emma’s, …
… Transcription: 1 [9] W. Erasmus. Darwin born. Dec. 27 th . 1839.—[10] During first week. …
… 35 & to take a crust, when their pudding was finished.— Elizabeth [45] remarked him careful …
… flower garden perceived them, said they were not Dziver’s (Elizabeth ’s) flowers. ie were not natural …
… very contradictory; by mistake he one day graciously gave Elizabeth a kiss, but repenting said …
… by Emma Darwin must have been added on 19 January 1877, when Francis Darwin’s son Bernard was …
… information is given. [57] Emma Darwin’s brother Francis (Frank) Wedgwood lived at Etruria …
… and family memoirs and reminiscences. [61] Leonard Darwin, born 1850. [62] Francis …
… of her childhood, Henrietta Litchfield remembered Leonard Darwin saying this to their maid Jane and …
… CUL). [71] Horace Darwin, born 1851. [72] Leonard Darwin’s nickname. [73] Miss …

Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex

Summary

The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…

Matches: 27 hits

… On 6 March 1868, Darwin wrote to the entomologist and accountant John Jenner Weir, ‘If any …
… he ought to do what I am doing pester them with letters.’ Darwin was certainly true to his word. The …
… and sexual selection. In Origin , pp. 87–90, Darwin had briefly introduced the concept of …
… process. In a letter to Alfred Russel Wallace in 1864, Darwin claimed that sexual selection was ‘the …
… 12, letter to A. R. Wallace, 28 [May 1864] ). Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as …
… to the stridulation of crickets. At the same time, Darwin continued to collect material on …
… his immediate circle of friends and relations. In July 1868 Darwin was still anticipating that his …
… which was devoted to sexual selection in the animal kingdom. Darwin described his thirst for …
… in January 1868. A final delay caused by the indexing gave Darwin much vexation. ‘My book is …
… 1867 and had expected to complete it in a fortnight. But at Darwin’s request, he modified his …
… the text. This increased the amount of work substantially. Darwin asked Murray to intervene, …
… … though it would be a great loss to the Book’. But Darwin’s angry letter to Murray crossed one from …
… blank’ ( letter from W. S. Dallas, 8 January 1868 ). Darwin sympathised, replying on 14 January …
… as stone, if it were not quite mollified by your note’. Darwin enclosed a cheque to Dallas for £55 …
… and descent in the Fortnightly Review , and asked Darwin for comments. Darwin was clearly …
… ‘fast passing away’ that sparked the most discussion. Darwin wrote to Hooker on 23 February , …
… authorship. John Murray thought it was by Gray himself, but Darwin corrected him: ‘D r Gray would …
… of Science, Robertson published a rejoinder, arousing Darwin’s ire still further: ‘he is a scamp …
… all sorts of subjects In writing Variation , Darwin had been careful to acknowledge …
… great influx of unsolicited letters from persons unknown to Darwin, offering additional facts that …
… 1868 . The letter was addressed to ‘the Rev d C. Darwin M.d’; Binstead evidently assumed Darwin …
… collector in his student days, Darwin encouraged his son Francis , now an undergraduate at Cambridge, …
… ( letter to A . R. Wallace, 16 September [1868] ). Francis sought additional advice from the …
… Edmund Langton wrote from the south of France to Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood on 9 Novembe r, …
… vaccination ( letter from W. E. Darwin, [7 April 1868] ). Francis was also drafted into the …
… Africa, Darwin received from Hooker an account by Mary Elizabeth Barber of local variations in the …
… ( letter from Alfred Newton, 29 January 1868 ). Leonard also excelled in highly competitive …

Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms

Summary

‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…

Matches: 21 hits

… heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old …
… to adapt to varying conditions. The implications of Darwin’s work for the boundary between animals …
… studies of animal instincts by George John Romanes drew upon Darwin’s early observations of infants, …
… of evolution and creation. Many letters flowed between Darwin and his children, as he took delight …
… Financial support for science was a recurring issue, as Darwin tried to secure a Civil List pension …
… with Samuel Butler, prompted by the publication of Erasmus Darwin the previous year. …
… Charles Harrison Tindal, sent a cache of letters from two of Darwin’s grandfather’s clerical friends …
… divines to see a pig’s body opened is very amusing’, Darwin replied, ‘& that about my …
… registry offices, and produced a twenty-page history of the Darwin family reaching back to the …
… the world’ ( letter from J. L. Chester, 3 March 1880 ). Darwin’s sons George and Leonard also …
… and conciliate a few whose ancestors had not featured in Darwin’s Life . ‘In an endeavour to …
… think I must pay a round of visits.’ One cousin, Reginald Darwin, warmed to George: ‘he had been …
… an ordinary mortal who could laugh’ ( letter from W. E. Darwin to Charles and Emma Darwin, 22 July …
… whose essay on Erasmus’s scientific work complemented Darwin’s biographical piece. Krause’s essay …
… Mr Butler whatever.’ Power of movement With Francis ’s assistance, the last of Darwin’s …
… of the nervous system, and the nature of ‘sensitivity’. Francis Balfour described Movement in …
… the intake of stones and flints to aid digestion. He asked Francis to check for castings on old …
… rightly thought the ‘queer subject’ of interest to Francis Galton, who had already taken thumb …
… extending the study to public-school pupils ( letter to Francis Galton, 7 April 1880 , and …
… for the Wedgwood nieces. Later in the year, Emma’s sister Elizabeth Wedgwood died at her home, …
… William’s interest in geology, and longed to see Francis elected fellow of the Royal Society. He …

Darwin’s reading notebooks

Summary

In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…

Matches: 24 hits

… In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished …
… used these notebooks extensively in dating and annotating Darwin’s letters; the full transcript …
… *128). For clarity, the transcript does not record Darwin’s alterations. The spelling and …
… book had been consulted. Those cases where it appears that Darwin made a genuine deletion have been …
… a few instances, primarily in the ‘Books Read’ sections, Darwin recorded that a work had been …
… of the books listed in the other two notebooks. Sometimes Darwin recorded that an abstract of the …
… own. Soon after beginning his first reading notebook, Darwin began to separate the scientific …
… the second reading notebook. Readers primarily interested in Darwin’s scientific reading, therefore, …
… editors’ identification of the book or article to which Darwin refers. A full list of these works is …
… page number (or numbers, as the case may be) on which Darwin’s entry is to be found. The …
… in the bibliography that other editions were available to Darwin. While it is likely that Darwin …
… where we are not certain that the work cited is the one Darwin intended, we have prefixed the …
… are not found listed here. The description given by Francis Darwin of his father’s method of …
… Darwin Library (AC.34). Darwin’s books were bequeathed to Francis Darwin, who, in 1908, gave all but …
… to be available to scholars using the archive. Books that Francis Darwin had kept were left to his …
… 1828] 31 An analysis of British Ferns. G. W. Francis 4 s [Francis 1837]— plates of …
… th . Hume’s Hist of England [Hume 1763]. to beginning of Elizabeth . Sept 14 th . 4 first …
… on chemistry (Liebig 1851). 50 Probably Elizabeth Wedgwood. 51 This …
… of the Devereux, Earls of Essex, in the reigns of Elizabeth , James I., and Charles I., 1540 …
… of England from the fall of Wolsey to the death of Elizabeth . 12 vols. London. 1856–70. 128: …
… eds.] [Abstract in DAR 91: 13.] 119: 9b Horner, Leonard , ed. 1843. Memoirs and …
… conflict . 3 vols. London. 128: 25 Jenyns, Leonard . 1838. Further remarks on the …
… dit jardin. Augsbourg. 128: 16 [Knapp, John Leonard ]. 1829. Journal of a …
… waters. Philadelphia. 128: 8 Staunton, George Leonard . 1797. An authentic account of …

Darwin in letters, 1837–1843: The London years to 'natural selection'

Summary

The seven-year period following Darwin's return to England from the Beagle voyage was one of extraordinary activity and productivity in which he became recognised as a naturalist of outstanding ability, as an author and editor, and as a professional…

Matches: 27 hits

… The seven-year period following Darwin's return to England from the Beagle voyage was one …
… a family Busy as he was with scientific activities, Darwin found time to re-establish family …
… close contact. In November 1838, two years after his return, Darwin became engaged to his cousin, …
… 1842, the family, now increased by a daughter, Anne Elizabeth , moved to Down House in Kent, where …
… his greatest theoretical achievement, the most important of Darwin’s activities during the years …
… identifications of his bird and fossil mammal specimens, Darwin arrived at the daring and momentous …
… in species. With this new theoretical point of departure Darwin continued to make notes and explore …
… present in the version of 1859. Young author Darwin’s investigation of the species …
… the Beagle had returned to England, news of some of Darwin’s findings had been spread by the …
… great excitement. The fuller account of the voyage and Darwin’s discoveries was therefore eagerly …
… suitable categories for individual experts to work upon, Darwin applied himself to the revision of …
… of the surveying voyage of H.M.S. Adventure and Beagle. Darwin’s volume bore the title Journal …
… visited by H.M.S. Beagle . Also in November 1837, Darwin read the fourth of a series of papers to …
… to the Society of 9 March 1838), had been developed by Darwin from a suggestion made by his uncle, …
… Sedgwick, [after 15 May 1838] ). The new research Darwin undertook after 1837 was an …
… time, the parallel terraces, or ‘roads’, of Glen Roy. Darwin had seen similar formations on the …
… roads of Glen Roy’, Collected papers 1: 88–137). Darwin later abandoned this view, calling it a …
… contemporaneous unstratified deposits of South America”, Darwin continued to defend his and Lyell’s …
… 1842, having heard of evidence of glaciation in North Wales, Darwin made a tour there in order to …
… more satisfactorily than any alternative explanation. Darwin eventually relinquished this theory and …
… the Beagle voyage In addition to his work on geology Darwin undertook to provide a …
… The correspondence provides a nearly complete record of Darwin’s arrangements with the Treasury, his …
… G. R. Waterhouse; Birds , by John Gould; Fish , by Leonard Jenyns; and Reptiles , by Thomas …
… and habitats of the species. Mr Arthrobalanus Darwin had originally planned to include …
… Archipelago off the coast of Chile. These unexpectedly led Darwin to devote eight years (1846–54) …
… As the correspondence from these years shows, that work put Darwin in communication with most of the …
… G. R. Waterhouse, and C. C. Babington; the Chalcididae by Francis Walker; spiders by Adam White; …

Family life

Summary

From the long letters exchanged with his sisters during the Beagle voyage, through correspondence about his marriage to his cousin, Emma Wedgwood, the births—and deaths—of their children, to the contributions of his sons and daughters to his scientific…

Matches: 1 hits

… of his sons and daughters to his scientific work, Darwin’s letters show how important his family …

Scientific Networks

Summary

Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…

Matches: 15 hits

… activities for building and maintaining such connections. Darwin's networks extended from his …
… when strong institutional structures were largely absent. Darwin had a small circle of scientific …
… section contains two sets of letters. The first is between Darwin and his friend Kew botanist J. D. …
… about Hooker’s thoughts. Letter 729 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., [11 Jan 1844] …
… is like confessing a murder”. Letter 736 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 23 Feb [1844 …
… of wide-ranging species to wide-ranging genera. Darwin and Gray Letter 1674 …
… of the species. Letter 1685 — Gray, Asa to Darwin, C. R., 22 May 1855 Gray …
… of alpine flora in the USA. Letter 2125 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 20 July [1857] …
… have in simple truth been of the utmost value to me.” Darwin believes species have arisen, like …
… or continuous area; they are actual lineal descendants. Darwin discusses fertilisation in the bud …
… exchange This collection of letters between Darwin and Hooker, while Darwin was writing his …
… to information exchange. Letter 1202 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 6 Oct [1848] …
… followed automatically. On the issue of nomenclature reform, Darwin opposes appending first …
… offered the Beagle naturalist appointment first to Leonard Jenyns, who almost accepted, as did …
… In this letter, naturalist, artist, and writer Mary Elizabeth Barber replies to Queries on …

Darwin in letters, 1847-1850: Microscopes and barnacles

Summary

Darwin's study of barnacles, begun in 1844, took him eight years to complete. The correspondence reveals how his interest in a species found during the Beagle voyage developed into an investigation of the comparative anatomy of other cirripedes and…

Matches: 23 hits

… Species theory In November 1845, Charles Darwin wrote to his friend and confidant Joseph …
… and Fossil Cirripedia (1851, 1854). What led Darwin to engage in this work when he was …
… group. Light is shed on the close relationship between Darwin’s systematic descriptive work and the …
… often frustrating taxonomical maze. Throughout these years, Darwin was also struggling with a …
… explained in detail in letters to friends and relatives, Darwin felt sufficiently restored in health …
… Nevertheless, it is evident from his correspondence that Darwin’s two hours at the microscope did …
… Phillips, and Daniel Sharpe, demonstrating the extent of Darwin’s continued involvement in …
… and naturalists, most notably James Dwight Dana, Henry Darwin Rogers, and Bernhard Studer, and the …
… In the midst of all this activity, Hooker responds to Darwin’s particular queries and sends …
… British government in scientific research during the period. Darwin also contributed to these …
… scientific work of naval officers and travellers in general. Darwin was asked by the editor, Sir …
… to J. F. W. Herschel, 4 February [1848] ). Letters between Darwin and Richard Owen, author of the …
… zoology between them. Owen included in his chapter notes by Darwin on the use of microscopes on …
… the leading questions and wide views spelt out by Darwin in the Admiralty Manual are also those …
… Inverness, in which he maintained that the terraces, which Darwin believed to be of marine origin, …
… of Glen Roy had produced a lake and the consequent beaches. Darwin carefully re-examined his own …
… editor of the Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal , Darwin asked for it to be destroyed. Only the …
… ). Other letters to colleagues at this time indicate that Darwin was beginning to feel that the Glen …
… 8 [September 1847] ). The second geological theory Darwin felt the need to defend had to do …
… that only a great rush of water could carry them up hills. Darwin’s response was to explain such …
… himself (see Correspondence vol. 2, letter to Leonard Jenyns, 10 April [1837]) and it was intended …
… easily able to support a large family (three more children, Elizabeth , Francis , and Leonard , were …
… of men of science, circulated many years later by his cousin Francis Galton, is particularly …

Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments

Summary

The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…

Matches: 16 hits

… In 1865, the chief work on Charles Darwin’s mind was the writing of The variation of animals and …
… letters on climbing plants to make another paper. Darwin also submitted a manuscript of his …
… protégé, John Scott, who was now working in India. Darwin’s transmutation theory continued to …
… Argyll, appeared in the religious weekly, Good Words . Darwin received news of an exchange of …
… Butler, and, according to Butler, the bishop of Wellington. Darwin’s theory was discussed at an …
… in the Gardeners’ Chronicle . At the end of the year, Darwin was elected an honorary member of …
… year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend of …
… in August. There was also a serious dispute between two of Darwin’s friends, John Lubbock and …
… jolly’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 7 January [1865] ). Darwin was ready to submit his paper on …
… a sudden illness. Falconer was 56, almost the same age as Darwin himself. Falconer had seconded …
… supported his candidacy, and had tried hard to persuade Darwin to accept the award in person (see …
… the award ( see letter from Hugh Falconer to Erasmus Alvey Darwin, 3 January 1865 ). Erasmus …
… Sic transit gloria mundi, with a vengeance Darwin’s response to the news of Falconer’s …
… at the time recovering from a bout of influenza, wrote to Darwin at some length about Falconer’s …
… , and letter from Edward Cresy, 10 September 1865 ). Francis and Leonard were still at school in …
… Wales rented by the Hensleigh Wedgwoods for the summer, and Elizabeth was evidently attending school …

Darwin in letters, 1858-1859: Origin

Summary

The years 1858 and 1859 were, without doubt, the most momentous of Darwin’s life. From a quiet rural existence filled with steady work on his ‘big book’ on species, he was jolted into action by the arrival of an unexpected letter from Alfred Russel Wallace…

Matches: 25 hits

… 1858 and 1859 were, without doubt, the most momentous of Darwin’s life. From a quiet rural existence …
… Russel Wallace. This letter led to the first announcement of Darwin’s and Wallace’s respective …
… the composition and publication, in November 1859, of Darwin’s major treatise On the origin of …
… exceeded my wildest hopes By the end of 1859, Darwin’s work was being discussed in …
… Charles Lyell, 25 [November 1859] ). This transformation in Darwin’s personal world and the …
… The 'big book' The year 1858 opened with Darwin hard at work preparing his ‘big …
… his ninth chapter, on hybridism, on 29 December 1857, Darwin began in January 1858 to prepare the …
… appropriate. The correspondence shows that at any one time Darwin was engaged in a number of …
… The chapter on instinct posed a number of problems for Darwin. ‘I find my chapter on Instinct very …
… ). In addition to behaviour such as nest-building in birds, Darwin intended to discuss many other …
… celebrated as a classic example of divine design in nature. Darwin hypothesised that the instinct of …
… of construction as it took place in the hive. As with Darwin’s study of poultry and pigeons, …
… founder and president of the Apiarian Society, provided Darwin with information and specimens. His …
… For assistance with mathematical measurements and geometry, Darwin called upon William Hallowes …
… from the Beagle voyage; on his brother, Erasmus Alvey Darwin; and his son William. Even his …
… bees and bee-hives. Variation and reversion Darwin also continued the botanical work …
… of smaller genera? The inquiry was of great importance to Darwin, for such evidence would support …
… of the statistics was still problematic. Hooker thought that Darwin was wrong to assume that …
… were not certain. This was a question new to the experts. Darwin was delighted to hear from Asa Gray …
… completed and his results written up. With some trepidation, Darwin sent his manuscript off to …
… in the letters of 1858 also relate to questions that Darwin had begun to explore earlier. Letters to …
… rush to publish With much of his research completed, Darwin began in mid-June 1858 to write …
… letter as having been received ‘today’. Following Francis Darwin ( LL 2: 116–17) and relying on …
… D. Hooker, 6 May 1859 ). Among the older scientists, only Leonard Horner gave his unqualified …
… inherited his illhealth revived as first Henrietta and then Elizabeth and Leonard suffered similar …

Darwin in letters, 1861: Gaining allies

Summary

The year 1861 marked an important change in the direction of Darwin’s work. He had weathered the storm that followed the publication of Origin, and felt cautiously optimistic about the ultimate acceptance of his ideas. The letters from this year provide an…

Matches: 25 hits

… The year 1861 marked an important change in the direction of Darwin’s work. By then, he had …
… propagation, hybridism, and other phenomena that, as Darwin said in his Autobiography , he had …
… provide an unusually detailed and intimate understanding of Darwin’s problem-solving method of work …
… 1860 that a new edition of Origin was called for, Darwin took the opportunity to include in the …
… of natural selection. With this work behind him, Darwin took steps to convince those who …
… ( letter to Asa Gray, 26–7 Februrary [1861] ). Darwin drew up a carefully thought-out list of …
… pamphlet (see Correspondence vol. 9, Appendix III). However, Darwin himself remained unconvinced by …
… began to decline later in the year, scientific interest in Darwin’s views continued unabated and …
… the third edition and the comments of naturalists with whom Darwin corresponded, showed that a …
… the theory of natural selection for their particular fields. Darwin relished these explorations, …
… the Zoologist by George Maw, for example, singled out Darwin’s explanation of the numerous …
… remained notable instances of design in nature. Although Darwin, in his subsequent correspondence …
… letter to Charles Lyell, 20 July [1861] ). One reason for Darwin’s interest in this piece may have …
… and embryological relationships between organisms. Darwin also found the review by the young …
… ( see second letter to J. D. Hooker, 23 [April 1861] ). Darwin continued to stress to his …
… Gaining allies It is not surprising, then, that Darwin was pleased that the methodology …
… maintaining that nature offered more evidence of design than Darwin was willing to admit. With the …
… Botany, simple geology & palæontology.' Moreover, Darwin found an important …
… Cambridge political economist and convert to his theory, Darwin learned of Mill’s view that the …
… accordance with the strict principles of Logic’ and that Darwin’s methodology was ‘the only one …
… 1862, p. 18 n.). Later in the summer Fawcett himself made Darwin’s methodology the subject of a …
… for the Advancement of Science. He subsequently sent Darwin a copy of the manuscript and some …
… and relationship when he was asked to contribute to Leonard Jenyns’s Memoir of the Rev. John …
… and Darwin encouraged the young Scottish geologist Thomas Francis Jamieson to make an excursion to …
… for ever since the death of their eldest daughter, Anne Elizabeth , in 1851 (see Correspondence …

Darwin Correspondence Project

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