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3.14 Julia Margaret Cameron, photos
Summary
< Back to Introduction In the summer of 1868 Darwin took a holiday on the Isle of Wight with his immediate family, his brother Erasmus, and his friend Joseph Hooker. The family’s accommodation at Freshwater was rented from the photographer Julia…
Matches: 20 hits
- … Erasmus, and his friend Joseph Hooker. The family’s accommodation at Freshwater was rented from …
- … have foreseen that this event, and in particular Hooker’s speech – a ‘Eulogium’ of Darwin, would …
- … were often exhibited and sold in London at Colnaghi’s and elsewhere, or mounted in albums that were …
- … of the professional photographic lobby for Cameron’s unorthodox, ‘out of focus’ portraits was offset …
- … (1893), an anthology of photogravures from Cameron’s portraits that included the one of Darwin, …
- … Nevertheless, the family must have foreseen that Cameron’s portrayals of him would turn out to be …
- … were ‘more artistically beautiful’. In Cameron’s photographs the head was strongly lit from …
- … resemblance’ between these photographs and Darwin’s own engraved portrait of Leonardo da Vinci, …
- … his son Francis described as characteristic of him – ‘a noble air of strong and generous conviction’ …
- … medals and cameos to (for example) Sir Joshua Reynolds’s picture of Dr Johnson discoursing; and …
- … for travellers to carry away.’ The prints from Cameron’s photographs in fact generally measured …
- … tonal subtlety of the original; as Darwin complained in a letter to Alfred Russel Wallace, the image …
- … to reproduce in the publications of the day. In Cameron’s eyes, they were not candidates for mass …
- … 88204450; 88204438, with a printed facsimile of Darwin’s signature. copyright holder …
- … , 101 (April 1857), 2 parts, part 2, pp. 442–468. Darwin’s letters to Hooker, 17 [Aug. 1868] and 23 …
- … Hooker to Darwin, 30 Aug. 1868 (DCP-LETT-6333). Darwin’s letter to Wallace, 5 Dec. [1869] (DCP-LETT …
- … ‘Annals of My Glass House’, Julia Margaret Cameron’s autobiographical sketch of c.1874, first …
- … Cameron in the catalogue of an exhibition, Mrs Cameron’s Photographs, at the Camera Gallery, …
- … , 2 nd ed. (New York and London: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1928), pp. 12, 51–2. Helmut Gernsheim, …
- … pp. 240–287 (pp. 271–274). Julius Bryant, ‘Darwin’s Down House: creating the “lived-in” look’, …
2.1 Thomas Woolner bust
Summary
< Back to Introduction Thomas Woolner’s marble bust of Darwin was the first portrayal of him that reflected an important transition in his status in the later 1860s. In the 1840s–1850s Darwin had been esteemed within scientific circles as one among…
Matches: 18 hits
- … < Back to Introduction Thomas Woolner’s marble bust of Darwin was the first portrayal …
- … bust portrait was not a public commission. It was Darwin’s close friend Joseph Hooker who raised the …
- … was revived, it was as a commission on behalf of Darwin’s brother Erasmus, presumably for his London …
- … Darwin himself, and his immediate family. Leonard Darwin’s photograph of the dining room at Down …
- … duties as a magistrate. Yet the scene visible in Leonard’s photograph, with its rumpled sofa cover …
- … exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1870, the Observer ’s reviewer thought it was the best of the …
- … with Darwin without being reminded of Socrates’ and the “noble peroration” of his Apology. …
- … feature about which Darwin was clearly self-conscious, as a letter to Charles Lyell of 1861 shows. …
- … by the impressive form of the ancient philosopher’s head. Similarly, Woolner has emphasised Darwin’s …
- … the bust was made. He was especially delighted by Woolner’s observation of the small lobe that …
- … ear, believing it to be a relic of pointed ears in mankind’s animal ancestor. Woolner’s drawing of …
- … of pomposity, which seems to me foreign to my father’s expression’. In 1908, when Charles Finney Cox …
- … was indeed no move to disseminate versions of Woolner’s image beyond the family, although it was and …
- … marble bust itself was presented to Cambridge University’s Botany Department, now the Department of …
- … replica at Down. The Department also possesses Woolner’s bust of John Stevens Henslow, Darwin’s …
- … , 99:198 (Sept. 1856), pp. 452–491 (p. 477). Darwin’s letter to Lyell, 21 Aug. 1861: DCP-LETT-3235. …
- … Nature , 25:652 (27 April 1882), p. 597. William Darwin’s reminiscences of his father, written in …
- … Horenstein, American Museum of Natural History, ‘Darwin’s busts and public evolutionary outreach and …
Darwin in letters, 1878: Movement and sleep
Summary
In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his attention to the movements of plants. He investigated the growth pattern of roots and shoots, studying the function of specific organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of…
Matches: 24 hits
- … spent an extended period in Würzburg at Julius Sachs’s botanical institute, one of most advanced …
- … Darwin delighted in his role as grandfather to Francis’s son Bernard, occasionally comparing the …
- … Hooker, ‘or as far as I know any scientific man’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 14 December [1878] ). …
- … Sophy to observe the arching shoots of Neottia (bird’s nest orchid) near her home in Surrey: ‘If …
- … or arched.… Almost all seedlings come up arched’ ( letter to Sophy Wedgwood, 24 March [1878–80] ). …
- … when he finds out that he missed sensitiveness of apex’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, [11 May 1878] …
- … Darwin complained. ‘I am ashamed at my blunder’ ( letter to John Tyndall, 22 December [1878] ). …
- … apart. At the start of June, Francis left to work at Sach’s laboratory in Germany, not returning …
- … accursed German language: Sachs is very kind to him’ ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 18 June …
- … have nobody to talk to, about my work, I scribble to you ( letter to Francis Darwin, 7 [July 1878] …
- … but it is horrid not having you to discuss it with’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, 20 [July 1878] ). …
- … determine whether they had chlorophyll, Francis reported ( letter from Francis Darwin, [after 7 …
- … be obtained at Down House, but Francis thought Horace’s abilities were a match for German instrument …
- … here is far from well made.’ (Jemmy or Jim was Horace’s nickname.) Francis was occasionally …
- … letter from Francis Darwin, [after 7 July 1878] ). Sachs’s confidence was apparently matched by his …
- … from Francis Darwin, [22 June 1878] ). ‘Sachs doesn’t consider that there is any puzzle as to how …
- … he was unwell. ‘I was rather seedy last night & didn’t appear at the laboratory & this …
- … Anne Westwood, and the proud grandparents. Many of Darwin’s letters conveyed news of the boy. ‘All …
- … faculties. He seemed to take special note of the child’s use of language and power of judgment. …
- … or stimulated an able and energetic fellow worker in the noble cause of Science.’ An Austrian …
- … ill favour because however civilly I may word it a man can’t like to have his work torn to shreds …
- … bitter opponent’ ( Correspondence vol. 24, letter to T. C. Eyton, 22 April 1876 ). ‘When I …
- … successive seminal generations’ ( enclosure to letter to T. H. Farrer, 7 March 1878 ). In the end, …
- … Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil ( letter to R. A. T. Gascoyne-Cecil, 18 May 1878 ). The issue …
Rewriting Origin - the later editions
Summary
For such an iconic work, the text of Origin was far from static. It was a living thing that Darwin continued to shape for the rest of his life, refining his ‘one long argument’ through a further five English editions. Many of his changes were made in…
Matches: 19 hits
- … was not the book that Darwin set out to write. He didn’t anticipate any further editions not just …
- … up to the 6 th (the final one published in Darwin’s lifetime) was prefaced by a long list of …
- … in the changes that mattered to him most. Darwin’s friends were still sending comments on the …
- … buried Darwin under a blizzard of letters (see especially letter to Charles Lyell, 11 October …
- … 11 September Darwin was still trying to incorporate Lyell’s corrections as late as 20 September. …
- … of domestic dogs , but the change that went to Darwin’s heart was the deletion of a reference …
- … , getting permission to quote prominently from Kingsley’s letter in the revised summary: A …
- … me that “he has gradually learnt to see that it is just as noble a conception of the Deity to …
- … version of the text available. (Read more on Darwin's additions to the US edition of …
- … criticism from Baden Powell , among others, that he hadn’t sufficiently acknowledged earlier work. …
- … delights me If Lyell was Darwin’s key correspondent for the first set of revisions to …
- … a professor of anatomy, of correlation between an animal’s colour and its immunity to poison (see …
- … Henry Harvey. Darwin remained unconvinced by Watson’s assertion that accumulated minute …
- … just divergence , but nevertheless referred to Watson’s ideas in the US edition. More …
- … utterly to misunderstand its central argument. ' [I]t seems to me' he …
- … hitherto slurred it over. In his Christmas Day letter to his old friend Joseph Hooker, …
- … to improve the style & to make additions ’. (It didn’t quite work: there was one further …
- … of population increase in elephants in response to a letter published in the Athenaeum by a …
- … themselves with the reflection that after all, Truth doesn’t die. Thomas Henry Huxley, …
Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad
Summary
At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…
Matches: 18 hits
- … that he was ‘unwell & must write briefly’ ( letter to John Scott, 31 May [1863] ), and in a …
- … persevered with his work on Variation until 20 July, his letter-writing dwindled considerably. The …
- … from the year. These letters illustrate Darwin’s preoccupation with the challenges presented by the …
- … Thomas Henry Huxley, the zoologist and anatomist. Lyell’s Antiquity of man and Huxley’s …
- … from ‘some Quadrumanum animal’, as he put it in a letter to J. D. Hooker of 24[–5] February [1863] …
- … ‘I declare I never in my life read anything grander’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 26 [February 1863] …
- … any judgment on Species or origin of man’. Darwin’s concern about the popular reception of his …
- … a public role in the controversies that embroiled Britain’s scientific circles following the …
- … than Origin had (see Correspondence vol. 8, letter to Charles Lyell, 10 January [1860] ). …
- … animals now extinct had been rapidly accumulating. Lyell’s argument for a greater human antiquity …
- … from animals like the woolly mammoth and cave bear ( see letter from Jacques Boucher de Perthes, 23 …
- … leap from that of inferior animals made him ‘groan’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 6 March [1863] ). …
- … out that species were not separately created’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 17 March [1863] ). Public …
- … book he wished his one-time mentor had not said a word ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 24[–5] February …
- … species man’, while Haast extolled Darwin as the ‘noble champion of true philosophic enquiry’ ( …
- … at the end of 1862, and published as a book in early 1863 (T. H. Huxley 1863a). Though Darwin was …
- … natural sterility of species, when crossed’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 10 [January 1863] ). He …
- … and Lyell’s Antiquity of man ( see letter from T. H. Huxley, 25 February 1863 , and letter …
German poems presented to Darwin
Summary
Experiments in deepest reverence The following poems were enclosed with a photograph album sent as a birthday gift to Charles Darwin by his German and Austrian admirers (see letter from From Emil Rade, [before 16] February 1877). The poems were…
Matches: 27 hits
- … Charles Darwin by his German and Austrian admirers (see letter from From Emil Rade , [before 16 …
- … album. One poem, ‘An die Poeten’, appeared in Rade’s account of the making of the album (Rade 1877, …
- … twenty-eight pages, is now in Cambridge University Library's Darwin Archive (DAR 261.11: 30). …
- … how the lambs roar, complain, To dust crumbles what’s rotten and old, The prison …
- … when your wild pursuit is done, Then, to the world’s benefit, A new building shall rise …
- … Moder, Es gilt den höchsten Streit, Jetzt, heißt’s entweder oder!— Du gute, alte …
- … die Gute Auch nicht, im Büßerkleid So heißt mit frohem Mute Sie doch die neue Zeit …
- … your coffin, Overgrown by cobwebs. Sleep, don’t be disturbed By the noises outside …
- … care, O good old days! When to tyrant’s whim The spirit was bound, The …
- … for gold and guilders The soul was freed, That’s when your glory shone. You good …
- … the mould, It is the time of battle, It’s one or the other!— You good old days! …
- … enough Peoples under your feet— Now it’s time to atone You good old days! …
- … Kernwort spricht: O trau, schau, wem? kannst du’s verstehen? Sei auf der Hut und glaube …
- … Away! Away with the old!— We don’t believe, we want to know! And you may show us the …
- … threaten us ceaselessly unto death— We don’t believe!—we want to know! We know there …
- … dreams! Why trust in empty froth? We don’t believe, we want to know! The world …
- … So let the priests keep howling, We don’t believe, we want to know! The thirst for …
- … must to battle, against night and delusion— We don’t believe, we want to know! …
- … um sie wieder zu verderben! Die Mutter du? Gewährt’s dir Freude nicht, Zu sehn, wie …
- … Knaben Spiel, der ohne Plan Erbaut und wieder einreißt nicht im Großen? Wirf deine …
- … of the abyss, So that one more easily plunges to one’s death, The snake sneaks slickly …
- … What have the numerous insects done to you, Don’t they have a right to be loved? Because …
- … endless vicious struggle happens here Who doesn’t want to die, will have to kill. …
- … Himmel winkt vergebens, Den uns die Schrift verheißt, Frei wandle ich zeitlebens, …
- … lift this veil, till I myself do raise it.) Letter from Emil Rade 1 …
- … belatedly, as well as some poems dedicated to the most noble celebrant have been appended to the …
- … The date is established by the relationship between this letter and the letter to Emil Rade, 16 …
Satire of FitzRoy's Narrative of the Voyages of the Adventure and Beagle, by John Clunies Ross. Transcription by Katharine Anderson
Summary
[f.146r Title page] Voyages of the Adventure and Beagle Supplement / to the 2nd 3rd and Appendix Volumes of the First / Edition Written / for and in the name of the Author of those / Volumes By J.C. Ross. / Sometime Master of a…
Matches: 12 hits
- … if I did not here declare the atrocious deed that these noble savages were shot – after being caught …
- … a moment longer to come home as he deserved to do.” That letter they shewed to Mr Ross and requested …
- … to somewhere else” – so now read “your brother's letter and then we may have something sure to …
- … wrote to him immediately before leaving for Sumatra – a letter calculated to elicit something …
- … – not all exaggerated – and Mr R sent him back with a letter [ f.183r p.73 ] as he proposed. …
- … was not of any profitable description but of what Mr H in letter to Mr R denominated “fiddle faddle” …
- … to a note from Mr H concerning the last mentioned fugitive a letter which – Mr H sent to Mr R – …
- … ] The three or four runaways mentioned in the forgoing letter had run to apply to Mr Ross – and on …
- … from frequenting your islands &c” and in this his second letter he writes “I told you how it …
- … at present only as by the bye” – In reply to Mr Ross’ letter which he sent with the paper –Mr H …
- … been making even since the rather recent times – wherein a Noble Captain was very much annoyed for …
- … being certainly of the same way of thinking as was the Noble Roman – “I cannot wring from the hard …
Animals, ethics, and the progress of science
Summary
Darwin’s view on the kinship between humans and animals had important ethical implications. In Descent, he argued that some animals exhibited moral behaviour and had evolved mental powers analogous to conscience. He gave examples of cooperation, even…
Matches: 20 hits
- … Darwin’s view on the kinship between humans and animals had important ethical …
- … worm on a hook (‘Recollections’, pp. 358, 388). Darwin’s concern for animals aligned with that of …
- … by the prospect of animals suffering for science. In a letter to E. Ray Lankester, he wrote: ‘You …
- … another word about it, else I shall not sleep to-night’ ( letter to E. R. Lankester, 22 March [1871 …
- … hour of his life’ ( Descent 1: 40). Darwin’s closest encounter with vivisection came in …
- … pangenesis. Darwin was taken aback, and swiftly replied in a letter to Nature , insisting that he …
- … theory to apply to plants. He added, however that Galton’s experiments were ‘extremely curious’, and …
- … for further cross-circulation and ‘Siamesing’ ( letter from Francis Galton, 13 September 1871 ). …
- … Some of the results were promising, but inconclusive (see letter from G. J. Romanes, 14 July 1875 …
- … results will be necessary to convince physiologists’ ( letter to G. J. Romanes, 18 July 1875 ). …
- … for your work; & I suppose birds can be chloroformed (letter to G. J. Romanes, 27 December …
- … to those performed on dogs and other animals. Darwin’s work on insectivorous plants drew him into …
- … branded physiologists as ‘demons let loose from hell’ ( letter to F. B. Cobbe, [14 January 1875] ) …
- … detail here . He stated his position most frankly in a letter to Henrietta, 4 January [1875] . …
- … to outside surveillance and interference. Vivisection’s critics included a number of eminent …
- … point of view I have rejoiced at the present agitation. ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 4 January …
- … done to save suffering. … If nothing is done I look at the noble science of Physiology as doomed to …
- … are now in the position of a persecuted religious sect’ ( letter to G. J. Romanes, 4 June [1876] ) …
- … defence. To bring more solidarity to the field, Darwin’s son Francis, and a number of his close …
- … of the utility of experiment amongst people in general’ ( letter from T. L. Brunton, 12 February …
Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms
Summary
‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…
Matches: 19 hits
- … to adapt to varying conditions. The implications of Darwin’s work for the boundary between animals …
- … animal instincts by George John Romanes drew upon Darwin’s early observations of infants, family …
- … Controversy and Erasmus Darwin Darwin’s most recent book, Erasmus Darwin , had been …
- … generations. He continued to receive letters about Erasmus’s life and other bits of family history. …
- … Tindal, sent a cache of letters from two of Darwin’s grandfather’s clerical friends, full of lively …
- … the eagerness of the two learned divines to see a pig’s body opened is very amusing’, Darwin replied …
- … have influenced the whole Kingdom, & even the world’ ( letter from J. L. Chester, 3 March 1880 …
- … delighted to find an ordinary mortal who could laugh’ ( letter from W. E. Darwin to Charles and …
- … been co-authored with Ernst Krause, whose essay on Erasmus’s scientific work complemented Darwin’s …
- … much powder & shot’ ( Correspondence vol. 27, letter from Ernst Krause, 7 June 1879 , and …
- … modified; but now I much regret that I did not do so’ ( letter to Samuel Butler, 3 January 1880 ). …
- … and ‘decided on laying the matter before the public’ ( letter from Samuel Butler, 21 January 1880 …
- … and uncertain about what to do. He drafted two versions of a letter to the Athen æum , sending …
- … him Darwinophobia? It is a horrid disease’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 3 February 1880 ). …
- … against disease, infirmity, idiocy, and excess; even the ‘noble science’ of medicine should heed the …
- … about 21 years since the Origin appeared”‘ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 11 [April] 1880 ). While …
- … been developed through natural selection’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 11 May 1880 ). Worthy …
- … claim is not that he is in need, so much as that he can’t find employment’ ( Correspondence vol. …
- … prevailing superstitions of this country!’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, [after 26 November 1880] ). …
The writing of "Origin"
Summary
From a quiet rural existence at Down in Kent, filled with steady work on his ‘big book’ on the transmutation of species, Darwin was jolted into action in 1858 by the arrival of an unexpected letter (no longer extant) from Alfred Russel Wallace outlining a…
Matches: 11 hits
- … whole has infinitely exceeded my wildest hopes.— (letter to Charles Lyell, 25 [November …
- … to choose from the load of curious facts on record.—’ (letter to W. D. Fox, 31 January [1858] ). …
- … construction as it took place in the hive. As with Darwin’s study of poultry and pigeons, many other …
- … as evidence for what actually occurred in nature (see letter to Asa Gray, 4 April [1858] , and …
- … sent his manuscript off to Hooker for his comments. Darwin’s relief on hearing of Hooker’s approval …
- … throwing away what you have seen,’ he told Hooker in his letter of 8 [June 1858] , ‘yet I have …
- … if you condemned that you w d . condemn all—my life’s work—& that I confess made me a little …
- … his work was interrupted by the arrival of the now-famous letter from Alfred Russel Wallace, …
- … question is whether the rag is worth anything?’ (letter to T. H. Huxley, 2 June [1859] ). But as …
- … this Essay & that you were the man.’ (letter to T. H. Huxley, 28 December [1859] ). …
- … and divine’ (Charles Kingsley) that ‘it is just as noble a conception of the Deity, to believe that …
Darwin in letters, 1858-1859: Origin
Summary
The years 1858 and 1859 were, without doubt, the most momentous of Darwin’s life. From a quiet rural existence filled with steady work on his ‘big book’ on species, he was jolted into action by the arrival of an unexpected letter from Alfred Russel Wallace…
Matches: 17 hits
- … and 1859 were, without doubt, the most momentous of Darwin’s life. From a quiet rural existence …
- … he was jolted into action by the arrival of an unexpected letter from Alfred Russel Wallace. This …
- … composition and publication, in November 1859, of Darwin’s major treatise On the origin of species …
- … my wildest hopes By the end of 1859, Darwin’s work was being discussed in publications as …
- … has infinitely exceeded my wildest hopes.—’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 25 [November 1859] ). …
- … to choose from the load of curious facts on record.—’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 31 January [1858] ). …
- … as it took place in the hive. As with Darwin’s study of poultry and pigeons, many other …
- … as evidence for what actually occurred in nature ( see letter to Asa Gray, 4 April [1858] , and …
- … sent his manuscript off to Hooker for his comments. Darwin’s relief on hearing of Hooker’s approval …
- … throwing away what you have seen,’ he told Hooker in his letter of 8 [June 1858] , ‘yet I have …
- … & if you condemned that you w d . condemn all—my life’s work—& that I confess made me a …
- … his work was interrupted by the arrival of the now-famous letter from Alfred Russel Wallace, …
- … on Charles Lyell’s endorsement, the editors have dated the letter 18 [June 1858]. However, the …
- … McKinney has suggested that Darwin received Wallace’s letter and manuscript on 3 June 1858, the same …
- … is whether the rag is worth anything?’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 2 June [1859] ). But as critical …
- … this Essay & that you were the man.’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 28 December [1859] ). …
- … and divine’ (Charles Kingsley) that ‘it is just as noble a conception of the Deity, to believe that …
