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Darwin and Down
Summary
Charles and Emma Darwin, with their first two children, settled at Down House in the village of Down (later ‘Downe’) in Kent, as a young family in 1842. The house came with eighteen acres of land, and a fifteen acre meadow. The village combined the…
Matches: 4 hits
- … ever you catch quite a beginner, & want to give him a taste for Botany tell him to make a …
- … part of the country’ On plant diversity and the struggle for existence: To J. D. …
- … a single habitat (now identified as Great Pucklands meadow) for his first study of plant diversity. …
- … day. To J. D. Hooker, 3 June [1857] : on the struggle for existence in his own weed …
Alfred Russel Wallace’s essay on varieties
Summary
The original manuscript about varieties that Wallace composed on the island of Gilolo and sent to Darwin from the neighbouring island of Ternate (Brooks 1984) has not been found. It was sent to Darwin as an enclosure in a letter (itself missing), and was…
Matches: 23 hits
- … day during the cold and succeeding hot fits had to lie down for several hours, during which time I …
- … became convinced that I had at length found the long-sought-for law of nature that solved the …
- … and obviated every important difficulty. I waited anxiously for the termination of my fit so that I …
- … animals in a state of nature, and to constitute a provision for preserving unchanged the originally …
- … to the parent form. The life of wild animals is a struggle for existence. The full exertion …
- … enemies, are the primary conditions which determine the existence both of individuals and of entire …
- … except in restricted localities, is almost impossible. For example, our own observation must …
- … are superfluous. On the average all above one become food for hawks and kites, wild cats and weasels …
- … This is strikingly proved by the case of particular species; for we find that their abundance in …
- … of wholesome food is almost the sole condition requisite for ensuring the rapid increase of a given …
- … failure, or they have not sufficient power of wing to search for it over an extensive area, or …
- … that die annually must be immense; and as the individual existence of each animal depends upon …
- … the aged, and the diseased,—while those that prolong their existence can only be the most perfect in …
- … numerous enemies. It is, as we commenced by remarking, “a struggle for existence,” in which the …
- … the species will present various degrees of capacity for ensuring the means of preserving life; and …
- … performing the different acts necessary to its safety and existence under all the varying …
- … either favourably or adversely, the powers of prolonging existence. An antelope with shorter or …
- … a variety having slightly increased powers of preserving existence, that variety must inevitably in …
- … “pastures new”—any change in fact tending to render existence more difficult to the species in …
- … adapted to secure its safety, and to prolong its individual existence and that of the race. Such a …
- … form is an inferior one, and could never compete with it for existence. Granted, therefore, a …
- … of which, tending to increase the facilities for preserving existence, must, by the same general law …
- … divergence deduced from the general laws which regulate the existence of animals in a state of …
Species and varieties
Summary
On the origin of species by means of natural selection …so begins the title of Darwin’s most famous book, and the reader would rightly assume that such a thing as ‘species’ must therefore exist and be subject to description. But the title continues, …or…
Matches: 7 hits
- … continues, …or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life . This is more …
- … Darwin would have found that Aristotle seemed to deny the existence of fixed beings when he wrote, …
- … features by which he ordered organisms, without regard for environmental or other criteria. He was …
- … In taxonomy, the characteristics that formed the basis for these choices were known as diagnostic …
- … without quite rejecting the consideration of the present existence of intermediate gradations …
- … them. …we shall at least be freed from the vain search for the undiscovered and undiscoverable …
- … & descent of little weight—in some resemblance seems to go for nothing & Creation the …
Essay: Design versus necessity
Summary
—by Asa Gray DESIGN VERSUS NECESSITY.—DISCUSSION BETWEEN TWO READERS OF DARWIN’S TREATISE ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES, UPON ITS NATURAL THEOLOGY. (American Journal of Science and Arts, September, 1860) D.T.—Is Darwin’s theory atheistic or pantheistic…
Matches: 24 hits
- … of each other’ s design, or even of each other’s existence; still we know that the events must …
- … in matter, and are not made by any design of a Creator for this special action, or to serve this …
- … opposed by anything that can be found in Darwin’s theory; for, so far, Darwin’s laws are supposed …
- … to light, connected with incipient membranes and humors for corneas and lenses, are picked out and …
- … result from this combined action of natural variation, the struggle for life, and natural selection, …
- … after the collision. Both are sufficiently accounted for by blind powers acting under a blind …
- … it seems to me clear that one who can find no proof of the existence of an intelligent Creator …
- … under the operation of Darwin’s laws, I shall not for one moment contend that these laws are …
- … who believes, from revelation or any other cause, in the existence of such a Creator, the fountain …
- … and in the earth beneath, will see in natural variation, the struggle for life, and natural …
- … especially in the organic world, inferred, by induction, the existence of God from what has seemed …
- … in the light of natural theology. He goes through the proof for final cause and design, as given in …
- … and where does he find himself? Before, he could refer the existence of the eye, for example, only …
- … Will such a mind, under such circumstances, infer the existence of the designer—God—when he can, at …
- … that the substitution of natural selection, by necessity, for design in the formation of the organic …
- … have always been relied upon as the crowning proof of the existence of an intelligent Creator, …
- … known the design , as we have seen in the case assumed for the basis of the argument. The word of …
- … of a comparatively simple arrangement might suffice. For instance, we should not doubt that a pump …
- … important half of the question, and so affords a presumption for the rest, on the side of design. …
- … of the balls, or variation of the species, as it was for the result of the first impulse or for the …
- … God) as bringing to the examination a belief in the existence of design in the construction of the …
- … etc. By skeptic I, of course, intended one who doubted the existence of design in every organic …
- … a skeptic, one who is yet considering and doubting of the existence of God, having already concluded …
- … They, therefore, have an advantage over them in the struggle for life . They can obtain food more …
Review: The Origin of Species
Summary
- by Asa Gray THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION (American Journal of Science and Arts, March, 1860) This book is already exciting much attention. Two American editions are announced, through which it will become familiar to many…
Matches: 22 hits
- … before these pages are issued. An abstract of the argument—for ‘the whole volume is one long …
- … and it would be difficult to give by detached extracts. For the volume itself is an abstract, a …
- … volume itself—the proof-spirit—is just condensed enough for its purpose. It will be far more widely …
- … upon the subject, can be expected to divest himself for the nonce of the influence of received and …
- … be likened to the conflict in Nature among races in the struggle for life, which Mr. Darwin …
- … history, as well as of geology, particularly qualify him for the task. But he has been obliged to …
- … contrast the two, and, indeed, is necessary to our purpose; for this contrast brings out most …
- … the things that are Caesar’s—looks to natural agencies for the actual distribution and perpetuation …
- … are ‘born to trouble,’ and how incessant and severe the struggle for life generally is, the present …
- … species, and in sweeping away the ground of their objective existence in Nature. The orthodox …
- … ready made to our hands: ‘ The simultaneous existence of the most diversified types …
- … can have no genealogical connection . . . the simultaneous existence in the earliest geological …
- … ; that natural selection is the inevitable result of the struggle for existence which all living …
- … Hobbes. The elder DeCandolle had conceived the idea of the struggle for existence, and, in a passage …
- … author, ‘than to admit in words the truth of the universal struggle for life, or more difficult—at …
- … climate seems at first sight to be quite independent of the struggle for existence; but, in so far …
- … regions, or snow-capped summits, or absolute deserts, the struggle for life is almost exclusively …
- … instance in which ‘cattle absolutely determine the existence of the Scotch fir,’ we are referred to …
- … of kinds as in the surrounding virgin forests. What a struggle between the several kinds of trees …
- … of each species, at some age, season, or year, a severe struggle for life, and this certainly cannot …
- … all organic beings to each other and to their conditions of existence, causing an infinite diversity …
- … laws: unity of type, and adaptation to the conditions of existence. The special teleologists, such …
Was Darwin an ecologist?
Summary
One of the most fascinating aspects of Charles Darwin’s correspondence is the extent to which the experiments he performed at his home in Down, in the English county of Kent, seem to prefigure modern scientific work in ecology.
Matches: 25 hits
- … hang long & look gorgeous, if Birds only grind up the seeds, for I do not suppose they can be …
- … Hooker, 10 December [1866] . The ‘hard seed for grit’ hypothesis … predicts that seeds …
- … … in the aviary experiments were collected and tested for germination in the greenhouse. …
- … of images – Darwin in the 1860s following chickens around for two days, and ecology research …
- … since they were essentially working on the same puzzle: the existence of bright colours in seeds …
- … within were very different from the ones we tend to take for granted today. Ecology as a discipline …
- … string’ experiments could seem suspect to some observers. For example, the German botanist Julius …
- … philosophy, and history in order to establish an argument for action. When we think about ecology in …
- … including, in the broad sense, all the “conditions of existence.”’ (Ernst Haeckel, Generelle …
- … complained mildly about Haeckel’s propensity for making up words, but did not quarrel about the …
- … on 22 December 1866 . ‘He seems to have a passion for defining, I daresay very well, & for …
- … creation in 1876; it was slow to catch on, with societies for and university departments of ecology …
- … of species was Haeckel’s primary inspiration for his description of the field of what he called …
- … referred to by Darwin as the conditions of the struggle for existence’ (Inaugural lecture 1869; …
- … decide what we consider to be ecology, look into the past for people doing just that, and call it, …
- … about the relations of organisms to their environment for some time before Haeckel thought of a word …
- … of our old sciences. We perhaps never knew we were heading for that particular ‘ology’ and not …
- … p. 296). White’s viewpoint was not unusual. The existence of God had been for most people a …
- … by God. But Darwin’s theory, while not commenting on the existence of such guidance, made it …
- … between organisms would give some an advantage in the struggle for existence. Favoured individuals …
- … affirmed the idea of the natural world as a realm of struggle. In doing so he seemed to throw his …
- … analogous to human contrivances or machines, and deduced the existence of a governing mind as the …
- … from having studied the habits of animals to appreciate the struggle for existence, & my work in …
- … selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life . London: John Murray. …
- … J. 2008. The tragic sense of life: Ernst Haeckel and the struggle over evolutionary thought. …
Essay: Natural selection & natural theology
Summary
—by Asa Gray NATURAL SELECTION NOT INCONSISTENT WITH NATURAL THEOLOGY. Atlantic Monthly for July, August, and October, 1860, reprinted in 1861. I Novelties are enticing to most people; to us they are simply annoying. We cling to a long-accepted…
Matches: 25 hits
- … INCONSISTENT WITH NATURAL THEOLOGY. Atlantic Monthly for July , August , and October …
- … doctrine was better than the old one, after all, at least for those who had nothing to unlearn. …
- … plausible and winning ways. We were not wholly unprepared for it, as many of our contemporaries seem …
- … of living things,’ which haunted us like an apparition. For, dim as our conception must needs be as …
- … under Nature,’ which seemed likely enough. Then follows ‘Struggle for Existence’—a principle which …
- … than one of a hundred or a thousand of the individuals whose existence is so wonderfully and so …
- … not much object to. In fact, we began to contract a liking for a system which at the outset …
- … and, beginning now, go on improving and diversifying for the future by natural selection, could we …
- … Darwin remarks, ‘leads to divergence of character; for the more living beings can be supported on …
- … man does not interpose, and so not likely to work much harm for the future. And if natural selection …
- … than the present, and fit them better to the conditions of existence, why, let it work, say we, to …
- … acknowledge. Fortunately, however—even if we must account for him scientifically —man with his two …
- … what footing you will, the four-handed races will not serve for our forerunners—at least, not until …
- … by workers in iron. Now, various evidence carries back the existence of many of the present lower …
- … still survives, but owes his present and precarious existence to man’s care. Now, nothing that we …
- … moderate sensibility, and the simple conditions of an existence in a medium like the ocean, not …
- … eliminated and extinguished by natural consequence of the struggle for existence which Darwin so …
- … Wallace in the formula that ‘every species has come into existence coincident both in time and space …
- … congeries of individuals, since every individual came into existence in consequence of preexisting …
- … explaining the unity of composition of all organisms, the existence of representative and …
- … them; namely, Adaptation to Purpose and Conditions of Existence, and Unity of Type. To reconcile …
- … animal, and then an unequivocally vegetable existence. Nor is the gradation restricted to these …
- … be surmised that variation and natural selection have their struggle and consequent check, or are …
- … why must we believe, that, fitting precedent forms being in existence, a living instrument (so …
- … structure and in their adaptations to the conditions of existence, as valid and clear evidence of …
Essay: What is Darwinism?
Summary
—by Asa Gray WHAT IS DARWINISM? The Nation, May 28, 1874 The question which Dr. Hodge asks he promptly and decisively answers: ‘What is Darwinism? it is atheism.’ Leaving aside all subsidiary and incidental matters, let us consider–1. What the…
Matches: 24 hits
- … How are the fauna and flora of our earth to be accounted for? . . . To account for the existence of …
- … efficiency of the First Cause . . . . He assumes, also, the existence of life in the form of one or …
- … from the primordial animalcule, he thinks, may be accounted for by the operation of the following …
- … world could not contain them. Hence, of necessity, arises a struggle for life. Only a few of the …
- … from the normal type favorable to its success in the struggle for life, it will survive. This …
- … to this abstract of it, but that is an important one for the present investigation. It is to the …
- … but most explicitly where one would naturally look for it, namely–at the close of the volume in …
- … undeniable truths they are concerned with, or what they take for such and require to be taken for …
- … what is supernatural or miraculous does to effect it for once. ’[VIII-2] So when Mr. Darwin makes …
- … there ought to be no doubt, unless there are other grounds for it to rest upon. Such ground …
- … Darwinism is to prove that everything ‘ may be accounted for by the blind operation of natural …
- … series of individuals with greater difference. It is not for the theologian to object that the power …
- … 2. Not to special acts of creation calling new forms into existence at certain epochs; 3. Not to the …
- … physical and physiological, reproduction, variation, birth, struggle, extinction–in short, all that …
- … on which constitute natural selection may suffice to account for the present diversity of animals …
- … all their structures and adaptations–that is, to account for them scientifically, as science …
- … some and restricted the range of others; he probably looks for additions to their number and new …
- … as we should adopt or like to defend; and we may say once for all–aside though it be from the …
- … them leads, we cannot greatly blame the naturalist for relegating such problems to the philosopher …
- … in that realm of Nature, they cut away the grounds for recognizing it at all in inorganic Nature, …
- … theism might remain, he would not be sound or comfortable. For, if he predicates ‘ the constant and …
- … ‘ seem inclined to, ’ the latter of whom is blamed for thinking ‘ it but reasonable to regard the …
- … or will existing somewhere, ’ and the former for regarding ‘ it unphilosophical “ to think or …
- … intelligence under which complex results are brought into existence ’ (whatever that may mean), …
Darwin in public and private
Summary
Extracts from Darwin's published works, in particular Descent of man, and selected letters, explore Darwin's views on the operation of sexual selection in humans, and both his publicly and privately expressed views on its practical implications…
Matches: 5 hits
- … and privately expressed views on its practical implications for female education and women in the …
- … on what I call Sexual Selection. This depends, not on a struggle for existence, but on a struggle …
- … selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life , (London: John Murray, …
- … [March 1870] Darwin thanks his daughter, Henrietta, for editing a manuscript version of …
- … 1877] Darwin’s daughter-in-law thanks Darwin for a welcome note which was left at her new …
New material added to the American edition of Origin
Summary
A ‘revised and augmented’ American edition of Origin came on the market in July 1860, and was the only authorised edition available in the US until 1873. It incorporated many of the changes Darwin made to the second English edition, but still contained…
Matches: 24 hits
- … obliged if you could aid an American Reprint; & could make, for my sake & Publisher’s, any …
- … the clean sheets sent over in a few days … I shd be glad for the new Edit to be reprinted, & not …
- … from the first English edition— and were preparing for distribution. Acting on Darwin’s behalf, Gray …
- … Hooker that he was preparing a ‘historical sketch’ for Origin that cited those naturalists who …
- … early in May, Darwin had sent a list of further changes for the new American edition that were …
- … in nature,—such as the long neck of the giraffe for browsing on the branches of trees. * But he …
- … forms of life thus tended to progress, in order to account for the presence of very simple …
- … Nat. Hist., vol. iv., p. 468) has ably given the arguments for and against the hypothesis of the …
- … supposed ‘‘impulses’’ account in a scientific sense for the numerous and beautiful co-adaptations, …
- … et Mag. de Zoolog., Jan. 1851), briefly gives his reasons for believing that specific characters ‘ …
- … –tres vivants détermine, à toutes les époques de l’existence du monde, la forme, le volume et la …
- … only one to which physiology lends any countenance—their existence would seem to show that the …
- … authors have thought that this comes into play in accounting for the deterioration of aurochs in …
- … few in number, the process of modification will be slower, for the chance of favourable variations …
- … the world. But here we enter on a very intricate subject, for naturalists have not defined to each …
- … as I should be inclined to add), and their specialisation for different functions; or as Milne …
- … But we shall see how obscure a subject this is, if we look, for instance, to Fish, amongst which …
- … adult (and this will include the advancement of the brain for intellectual purposes), as the best …
- … place in the economy of nature, that it is quite possible for natural selection gradually to fit an …
- … produced from inorganic matter. On my theory the present existence of lowly organized productions …
- … not, it is probable, tend to supplant the Amphioxus; the struggle for existence in the case of the …
- … the natural preservation of favoured individuals during the struggle for existence) cares nothing …
- … new species is formed by having had some advantage in the struggle for life over other and preceding …
- … a fish, although upon another type.’’ In the complex struggle for life it is quite credible that …
Natural Science and Femininity
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters A conflation of masculine intellect and feminine thoughts, habits and feelings, male naturalists like Darwin inhabited an uncertain gendered identity. Working from the private domestic comfort of their homes and exercising…
Matches: 5 hits
- … 3. Were any aspects of Natural Science problematic for Victorian men? Why? 4. How might …
- … some samples of Radiolaria . If they are not useful for research purposes, Haeckel hopes that the …
- … J. D., [26-27 March 1864] Darwin thanks Hooker for posting to him a number of plants to aid …
- … whom love of knowledge makes to forget that man is not born for self alone”. He should, like Tyndall …
- … ‘hobby naturalist’ who conducted numerous experiments for Darwin and Wallace from the comfort of his …
Thomas Rivers
Summary
Rivers and Darwin exchanged around 30 letters, most in 1863 when Darwin was hard at work on the manuscript of Variation of plants and animals under domestication, the lengthy and detailed sequel to Origin of species. Rivers, an experienced plant breeder…
Matches: 8 hits
- … of the key expressions “natural selection” and “struggle for existence” in correspondence. The …
- … possessed as a wealthy gentleman. He was extremely grateful for the contact, remarking that he had …
- … with his inquiries: I have little compunction for being so troublesome,—not more than a …
- … of seedlings conquering each other well illustrates the “struggle for existence” & “natural …
- … 1863] ) Darwin’s letter also thanks Rivers for information on the transmission of …
- … catalogue. The Project is very grateful to the owner for making images of this important letter …
- … to these individuals, some of whom wish to remain anonymous, for appreciating the public value of …
- … his interest in experimental horticulture: “I am thankful for the prosperity I have long enjoyed” ( …
Natural Selection: the trouble with terminology Part I
Summary
Darwin encountered problems with the term ‘natural selection’ even before Origin appeared. Everyone from the Harvard botanist Asa Gray to his own publisher came up with objections. Broadly these divided into concerns either that its meaning simply wasn’t…
Matches: 9 hits
- … work, or Natural Selection . . . which selects exclusively for the good of each organic being’. …
- … “the tendency to the preservation (owing to the severe struggle for life to which all organic beings …
- … was never published, but parts were repurposed not just for Origin , but for several other …
- … selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life . (‘Races’ simply meant …
- … successive fleeter individuals; & I believe owing to the struggle for existence that similar …
- … a term already in use by animal breeders, was substituted for ‘élection’ as used in the first …
- … such as “picking out with unerring skill” “working for the good of each being” “natural selection …
- … persecution '! - so cut out the words and sent them back for clarification. The editors of …
- … case the individual differences given by nature, which man for some object selects, must of …
How old is the earth?
Summary
One of Darwin’s chief difficulties in making converts to his views, was convincing a sceptical public, and some equally sceptical physicists, that there had been enough time since the advent of life on earth for the slow process of natural selection to…
Matches: 9 hits
- … there had been enough time since the advent of life on earth for the slow process of natural …
- … shows that I have been rash. I have not sufficiently allowed for the softness of the strata …
- … belief of a dozen physicists' . The dispute rumbled on for so long that it was Darwin’s …
- … short duration of the world according to Sir W. Thompson, for I require for my theoretical views a …
- … – so that complex life seemed to have sprung suddenly into existence. Evidence of soft-bodied larger …
- … been discovered, but Darwin was forced to postulate its existence, and explain the lack of evidence …
- … have sustained organic life, this still wasn’t enough for Darwin who, in the meantime, had mentioned …
- … earth, and suggested that Thomson, who had just backed him for fellowship of the Royal Society, …
- … geologists & Evolutionists’ his father crowed, ‘ Hurrah for the bowels of the earth & their …
Sexual selection
Summary
Although natural selection could explain the differences between species, Darwin realised that (other than in the reproductive organs themselves) it could not explain the often marked differences between the males and females of the same species. So what…
Matches: 11 hits
- … and females of the same species. So what accounted for these 'secondary sexual …
- … on a cock. Sexual selection, he wrote, depends 'not on a struggle for existence, but on a …
- … but sounded it too. The brightly-coloured males competed for the dull-coloured females not only …
- … breeding practices of bird-fanciers. And there, for the moment, Darwin left it, publicly at …
- … Behind the scenes, Darwin debated the evidence for the operation of sexual selection with a small …
- … in 1867, that he systematically sought more information for a planned chapter on the subject. His …
- … in the males, as weapons by which they fight for the female, or ornaments which attract the opposite …
- … so good that Darwin’s portfolio of material grew too large for a single chapter and he decided …
- … of the peacock had been bothering him for some time: 'The sight of a feather in a peacock’s …
- … he believed it was men who competed through battle for the most desirable women, and in ' …
- … about the consequences of both natural and sexual selection for the development of aristocracy. …
Essay: Evolutionary teleology
Summary
—by Asa Gray EVOLUTIONARY TELEOLOGY When Cuvier spoke of the ‘combination of organs in such order that they may be in consistence with the part which the animal has to play in Nature,’ his opponent, Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, rejoined, ‘I know nothing of…
Matches: 27 hits
- … use of an organ might not be the fundamental reason of its existence– that one and the same organ, …
- … of Orchids ’ * (too technical and too detailed for reproduction here), and later in a brief sketch …
- … is not a fixed and inflexible adaptation, realized once for all at the outset; it includes a long …
- … of the end preceded the use of the means. In both cases the existence of the adaptation is accounted …
- … become known, provided only that the adaptation is accounted for by the necessity or utility of the …
- … to be kept at all. The word ‘design’ might then be kept for the special case of adaptation by an …
- … probable. ’–P.C.W., in the Contemporary Review for September, 1875, p. 657. The …
- … grade. Granting that quite possibly the capture of flies for food by Dionaea and the sundews may …
- … unless some other hypothesis will better account for the facts. We will consider, presently, if any …
- … cannot be rivaled except by some other equally adequate for explanation, or displaced except by …
- … of Design in Nature, ’ in the Westminster Review for July, 1875, maintains the negative. His …
- … view is the most simple and apparently convincing, has had for centuries the unhesitating assent of …
- … this, to feel our hearts exult within us in the fullness of existence, and to offer in explanation …
- … the human sphere; nothing, at least, that can be relied upon for good. Design alone engenders …
- … but from a mark of human workmanship . . . No more is needed for the watch-finder, since all the …
- … but have originated beyond our comprehension, is too wide for a sure inference from the one to the …
- … a statement which would have been deemed superfluous, except for the following: ‘ There …
- … and often contradictory interpretations. Our lungs, for instance, were anciently conceived to be a …
- … and nowadays both these theories have been abandoned for a third . . . Have these changes modified …
- … tolerable painting, even should the experiment be continued for thousands of years. Our conception …
- … man with his surroundings, and the completeness of provision for his wants and desires, brought up …
- … economical process. Without the competing multitude, no struggle for life; and without this, no …
- … of the field; but the common enemy being thus destroyed, the struggle for life will be renewed among …
- … work as its neighbor, and the functions necessary to the existence of the whole (alimentation, …
- … a colony possessed, the more likely it was to succeed in its struggle for life. . . We shall go no …
- … of variations from a common centre, to be reduced by the struggle for life to fewness and the …
- … in evolution. Moreover, while we see how the mere struggle and interplay among occurring …
Race, Civilization, and Progress
Summary
Darwin's first reflections on human progress were prompted by his experiences in the slave-owning colony of Brazil, and by his encounters with the Yahgan peoples of Tierra del Fuego. Harsh conditions, privation, poor climate, bondage and servitude,…
Matches: 14 hits
- … dead ends. Fitness was relative to the conditions of existence which sometimes favoured simpler …
- … accumulated over three decades. Darwin argued forcefully for the unity of the human species, …
- … Descent 1: 239 ). The implications of Darwinian theory for progressive, racial, and racist …
- … has been rising against Slavery.— What a proud thing for England, if she is the first Europæan …
- … as far back as their primeval dawn, prove to us the existence of the several human races …
- … condition, the chief existing races have remained unaltered for say 5000 years—is not this a very …
- … in complexity of organisation; though in beings fitted for very simple conditions it would be slight …
- … I believe that the first cause of all variations, whether for better or worse, progressive or …
- … Darwin discussed the role of civilization in the struggle for existence between human races with the …
- … do not doubt that the intellectual powers are as important for the welfare of each being, as …
- … : Darwin to Wallace, A. R., 28 [May 1864] "Now for your Man paper, about which I sh d …
- … the body; yet I had got as far as to see with you that the struggle between the races of man …
- … show fight on natural selection having done and doing more for the progress of civilisation than you …
- … Caucasian races have beaten the Turkish hollow in the struggle for existence. Looking to the world …
The Lyell–Lubbock dispute
Summary
In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…
Matches: 25 hits
- … found, and at the 1859 meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, he …
- … researches in Denmark’ (Lubbock 1861) for the October 1861 issue. The article reported on his recent …
- … cited Morlot as the source of many of the ‘details’ for his article (Lubbock 1861, p. 494). …
- … (Lubbock 1864) that summarised recent evidence for the existence of humans coeval with the …
- … appeared in this new book had been completed and set in type for Elements of geology in 1860 and …
- … began with a note citing the work of Morlot as the source for information on the topic. Lyell also …
- … Lyell on scientific topics continued to be very cordial; for example, he provided Lyell with …
- … Lyell had failed to credit him and Joseph Prestwich properly for their work in the Brixham cave …
- … on an area of public controversy when he expressed support for Lyell’s recent response to Falconer’s …
- … settle such points.— It is wretched to see men fighting so for a little fame.— During …
- … the book were submitted to me when passing through the press for correction but all the parts which …
- … his own book, Prehistoric times (Lubbock 1865), for publication, however, Lubbock sought to …
- … Evidently, he then showed the note to Huxley and asked for his opinion on the matter. Huxley wrote, …
- … answer to Lubbock has not been found, but in rough notes for a response he wrote: 17 …
- … ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [2 June 1865] ). Hooker, for his part, could see little evidence of …
- … too intelligible’. Moreover, he reiterated his admiration for Lubbock’s book ( letter to J. D. …
- … direct involvement in the dispute. When Hooker pressed him for an opinion ( letter from J. D. …
- … (see below, ‘Textual changes made to C. Lyell 1863c’, for the revisions Lyell made to the note and …
- … many species of extinct animals. I have thought it best, for the sake of brevity, and sufficient for …
- … as the Swiss lake-dwellings, was originally written in 1860 for the sixth edition of the ‘ Elements …
- … in the autumn of the next year to be set up in another form for the present work, which I had then …
- … shape which this chapter then assumed it remained in type for two years, being unchanged in …
- … undisturbed. I mention this fact as an apology for not having availed myself more largely of …
- … Tome VI.;’ and afterwards in English, in a translation for the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, …
- … selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life . By Charles Darwin. …
4.13 'Fun' cartoon by Griset, 'Emotional'
Summary
< Back to Introduction Ernest Griset’s drawing titled ‘Emotional!’ was published in Fun magazine on 23 November 1872, and is another skit referring to Darwin’s recently published Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. A hippopotamus had been…
German poems presented to Darwin
Summary
Experiments in deepest reverence The following poems were enclosed with a photograph album sent as a birthday gift to Charles Darwin by his German and Austrian admirers (see letter from From Emil Rade, [before 16] February 1877). The poems were…
Matches: 19 hits
- … (Rade 1877, pp. 39–40), but the others were published for the first time in volume 25 of The …
- … are grateful to Andreas Mertgens, MA, University of Cologne, for providing the transcription and …
- … both lord and servant Think only of wickedness. For ways to trick and deceive All …
- … at every corner The world was sprinkled, When for gold and guilders The soul was …
- … not seen with your own eyes. The words of faith have for too long Covered the world with …
- … want to know! We know there is a constant struggle, An eternal fight on earth, …
- … don’t believe, we want to know! The thirst for faith and knowledge They shall be in …
- … droves? Oh quiet, you vain dreamers! Looking for peace and quiet in nature? An …
- … make the farewell from life so hard? Why do you lust for tinsel With greedy childish …
- … me, Fabricated ruse of faith, I don’t care for the bell’s song: I am an atheist! …
- … cold calculation— And whichever way things go for me, I am an atheist And …
- … God, we know no prophets, We are who we are, whatever existence allows us to be— Whoever …
- … short life, You poor betrayed mortals!— All for a delusion, for nothing! “You …
- … the truth to the world, When you depend on the lie for your existence? Woe betide anyone …
- … vi dono: Not that I give too little, can you accuse me; for all I can give, I give to you (Italian). …
- … 69 years ago your life began, a day which was so significant for the world. 3 May you be …
- … you, Sir, have lit, and to assist in letting it become a sun for present and future generations. …
- … fact 68 on 12 February 1877. On the making of the album and for a list of the persons included, see …
- … für Wissenschaft und Kunst (Westphalian Provincial Society for Science and Art). 5. The …
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