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List of correspondents
Summary
Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent. "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…
Matches: 23 hits
- … Edwards & Co. (1) Babbage, Charles (10) …
- … Bond, Frederick (2) Boner, Charles (5) …
- … Edward (1) Bradlaugh, Charles (2) …
- … Brayley, E. W. (1) Breese, Charles (1) …
- … Samuel (b) (14) Buxton, Charles (2) …
- … Chapman, John (4) Charles, R. F. (2) …
- … Crawfurd, John (3) Crawley, Charles (2) …
- … Virginius (3) Dallas, Charles (1) …
- … Dixie, Florence (3) Dixon, Charles (1) …
- … Symington (1) Griffin, Charles (1) …
- … Albert (64) Günzbourg, Charles (1) …
- … Science-Gossip (1) Hardy, Charles (3) …
- … Hinrichs, G. D. (4) Hinton, Charles (1) …
- … King, P. P. (1) Kingsley, Charles (18) …
- … Lane, E. W. (1) Langstaff, Charles (2) …
- … Layard, E. L. (3) Layton, Charles (12) …
- … Commissioners (1) Lovegrove, Charles (3) …
- … Lydekker, R. (1) Lyell, Charles (277) …
- … Daniel (12) Maclaren, Charles (3) …
- … Ríos, Eugenio (1) Moore, Charles (a) (1) …
- … Arthur (2) Mostyn Owen, Charles (b) (2) …
- … Newton, Alfred (35) Nichols, Charles (1) …
- … Adolf Erik (1) Nordhoff, Charles (1) …
Instinct and the Evolution of Mind
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Slave-making ants For Darwin, slave-making ants were a powerful example of the force of instinct. He used the case of the ant Formica sanguinea in the On the Origin of Species to show how instinct operates—how…
Matches: 10 hits
- … and Director of the Botanic Gardens at Kew, and Henry Walter Bates , a young naturalist who …
- … SOURCES Books Darwin, Charles. On the Origin of Species . 1859. London: John …
- … “Instinct”) Manuscripts Excerpts from Charles Darwin's Notebook C , p. …
- … slave-making ants in Origin . Letter 2413 —Charles Darwin to Emma Darwin, [25 Apr …
- … this tender letter offers a glimpse of the affection Charles and Emma felt for each other. Darwin …
- … its known habitat in Britain. Letter 2265 —Charles Darwin to William Erasmus Darwin, [26 …
- … strangers from other communities. Letter 2306 —Charles Darwin to Joseph Hooker, 13 [July …
- … the behavior of F. sanguinea . Letter 3266 —Charles Darwin to H. W. Bates, 25 …
- … of a classroom activity performed at Harvard: Charles Darwin wrote about the parasitic …
- … die. After reading Chapter VII of Origin and Charles Darwin’s letters about slave …
Darwin in letters, 1862: A multiplicity of experiments
Summary
1862 was a particularly productive year for Darwin. This was not only the case in his published output (two botanical papers and a book on the pollination mechanisms of orchids), but more particularly in the extent and breadth of the botanical experiments…
Matches: 7 hits
- … on it, Thomas Henry Huxley gave lectures about it, and Henry Walter Bates invoked it to explain …
- … ( letter from Asa Gray, 2–3 July 1862 ). Henry Walter Bates Natural selection was …
- … in the preparation of translations of his books. When Charles Edouard Brown-Séquard informed him …
- … also sent presentation copies of his botanical studies to Charles Naudin, a botanist at the Muséum d …
- … Darwin was glad that Glen Roy was ‘settled’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 22 August [1862] ), he …
- … perhaps Ramsay pushed his theory too far ( see letter to Charles Lyell, 14 October [1862] ). …
- … who believes in immutability’, he told Lyell ( letter to Charles Lyell, 1 October [1862] ). …
1.6 Ouless oil portrait
Summary
< Back to Introduction The first commissioned oil portrait of Darwin was painted by Walter William Ouless, who was given sittings at Down House in March 1875. The idea for such a portrait came from Darwin’s son William, who as far back as 1872 had…
Matches: 7 hits
- … The first commissioned oil portrait of Darwin was painted by Walter William Ouless, who was given …
- … Darwin Heirlooms Trust originator of image Walter William Ouless date of …
- … to Henrietta Litchfield, DAR 219.8.29, and letter from Charles Darwin to Joseph Hooker, 30 March …
- … Francis Darwin (ed.), The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin , 3 vols (London: John Murray, 1887) …
- … Darwin Centenary: The Portraits, Prints and Writings of Charles Robert Darwin, exhibited at Christ’s …
- … South Kensington, Catalogue of the Exhibition (London: Charles Knight, [1912]), p. 1, B1. Mary S. …
- … R.A.’, Nature , 133:21 (6 Jan. 1934). Janet Browne, Charles Darwin: The Power of Place. Volume …
Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad
Summary
At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…
Matches: 16 hits
- … At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of …
- … by the publication in February of books by his friends Charles Lyell, the respected geologist, and …
- … Origin had (see Correspondence vol. 8, letter to Charles Lyell, 10 January [1860] ). In the …
- … that of inferior animals made him ‘groan’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 6 March [1863] ). Darwin …
- … out that species were not separately created’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 17 March [1863] ). Public …
- … you, as my old honoured guide & master’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 6 March [1863] ). …
- … stronger statements regarding species change ( letter from Charles Lyell, 11 March 1863 ). The …
- … letter to J. D. Dana, 20 February [1863] , and letter to Charles Lyell, 6 March [1863] ). …
- … book’ from which he had ‘gained nothing’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 12–13 March [1863] ). …
- … that the Public shall see how far you go’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 18 April [1863] ). …
- … on the river Amazons , a book that he had encouraged Henry Walter Bates to write. When the book …
- … international interest in his theory ( see letter to Charles Lyell, 17 March [1863] ). In January …
- … from Hooker that the French botanists Joseph Decaisne and Charles Naudin thought little of his …
- … from T. H. Huxley, 25 February 1863 , and letter to Charles Lyell, 12–13 March [1863] ). …
- … and the United States by Gray’s father-in-law, the lawyer Charles Greely Loring ( see letter to Asa …
- … September 1863] ). When the Darwins returned home, Charles fared little better, and most …
3.3 Maull and Polyblank photo 2
Summary
< Back to Introduction Despite the difficulties that arose in relation to Maull and Polyblank’s first photograph of Darwin, another one was produced, this time showing him in three-quarter view. It was evidently not taken at the same session as the…
Matches: 9 hits
- … (in a different hand, that of ‘J.D.’), ‘Photograph of Charles Darwin taken about the time of the …
- … his letter of spring 1862, Darwin’s brother Erasmus sought Charles’s agreement to authorise open …
- … as the frontispiece to volume 1 of The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin (1887), edited by …
- … Schweizerbart to Darwin, 24 Jan. 1867, DCP-LETT-5377. Charles Darwin , über die Entstehung der …
- … xix. Francis Darwin and A.C. Seward (eds), More Letters of Charles Darwin , 2 vols (London: John …
- … Darwin Centenary: The Portraits, Prints and Writings of Charles Robert Darwin, exhibited at Christ’s …
- … South Kensington, Catalogue of the Exhibition (London: Charles Knight, 1912), p. 1, B3. Karl …
- … 56-7. Janet Browne, ‘”I could have retched all night”: Charles Darwin and his body’, in Christopher …
- … 1998), pp. 240-287 (pp. 257, 259, 265). Jonathan Smith, Charles Darwin and Victorian Visual …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 27 hits
- … by H. W. Rutherford ( Catalogue of the library of Charles Darwin now in the Botany School, …
- … notes Mitchells Australia [Mitchell 1838] Walter Scott’s life [Lockhart 1837–8] 1 st …
- … Vol III & IV [J. Harris 1844] 28 Lockart Life of Walter Scot [Lockhart 1837–8] …
- … 1859]. (goodish) 1 The personal library of Charles Stokes from whom CD borrowed books …
- … Erskine. 2 vols. London. *119: 14 Babington, Charles Cardale. 1839. Primitiæ floræ …
- … of Useful Knowledge.) London. *119: 13 Badham, Charles David. 1845. Insect life . …
- … [Abstract in DAR 205.3: 180.] 119: 21a Bell, Charles. 1806. Essays on the anatomy of …
- … of the London Clay . London. *119: 12v. Brace, Charles Loring. 1852. Hungary in 1851: …
- … 1834. Letters on natural magic, addressed to Sir Walter Scott, Bart. London. [Other eds.] …
- … life from 1838 to the present time . Edited by John Charles Templer. 3 vols. London. 128: 9 …
- … . 3 vols. Edinburgh and London. 128: 25 Bunbury, Charles James Fox. 1848. Journal of a …
- … nature of virtue . Cambridge. *119: 13 Buxton, Charles. 1848. Memoirs of Sir Thomas …
- … Rural hours . 2 vols. London. *119: 24 Coote, Charles. 1819. The history of England, …
- … to the treaty concluded at Paris, in the year 1815; by Charles Coote . 4 vols. London. 119: …
- … during the years 1838–1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. New York. [Abstract in DAR …
- … during the years 1838–1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Philadelphia. [Abstract in …
- … de Physique 94: 19–61. 128: 12 Devereux, Walter Bourchier. 1853. Lives and letters of …
- … Oceans, China, etc. New York. 119: 5a Fellows, Charles. 1839. A journal written during …
- … 128: 14 Follen, Eliza Lee. 1844. The life of Charles Follen . Boston. [Darwin Library.] …
- … . London. *119: 21v.; 119: 19a Fothergill, Charles. 1813. An essay on the philosophy, …
- … . London. [Other eds.] 119: 16b Frémont, John Charles. 1845. Report of the exploring …
- … dans les corps organisès. Extract from Orbigny, Alcide Charles Victor Dessalines d’, ed., …
- … spontané; Genus; Géographie zoologique. In Orbigny, Alcide Charles Victor Dessalines d’, ed., …
- … 119: 2a Girou de Buzareingues, Louis François Charles. 1828a. De la génération. …
- … and Colonial Library.) London. 119: 16b Landor, Walter Savage 1824–9. Imaginary …
- … 13b ——. 1837–8. Memoirs of the life of Sir Walter Scott, Bart . 7 vols. Edinburgh …
- … between … 1811 and 1821 … In six letters to Sir Walter Scott, Bart. 4 vols. London. *119: …
Alfred Russel Wallace
Summary
Wallace was a leading Victorian naturalist, with wide-ranging interests from biogeography and evolutionary theory to spiritualism and politics. He was born in 1823 in Usk, a small town in south-east Wales, and attended a grammar school in Hertford. At the…
2.16 Horace Montford statue, Shrewsbury
Summary
< Back to Introduction Horace Montford’s statue of Darwin, installed in his birthplace, Shrewsbury, in 1897, is one of the finest of the commemorative portrayals of him. Up to that time, the only memorial to Darwin in the town was a wall tablet of…
Matches: 3 hits
- … Circular’ (11 August 1897), p. 8. ‘A memorial statue of Charles Darwin’, Manchester Guardian (11 …
- … London News , 111:3043 (14 August 1897), p. 209, with Walter W. Naunton’s photograph showing the …
- … Darwin Centenary: The Portraits, Prints and Writings of Charles Robert Darwin, exhibited at Christ’s …
Caroline Kennard
Summary
Kennard’s interest in science stemmed from her social commitments to the women's movement, her interests in nature study as a tool for educational reform, as well as her place in a tightly knit network of the Bostonian elite. Kennard was one of a…
2.23 Hope Pinker statue, Oxford Museum
Summary
< Back to Introduction Henry Richard Hope Pinker’s life-size statue of Darwin was installed in the Oxford University Museum on 14 June 1899. It was the latest in a series of statues of great scientific thinkers, the ‘Founders and Improvers of Natural…
Matches: 5 hits
- … arrangement of the Hope collection. He contributed a book, Charles Darwin and the Theory of …
- … and bibliography Letter from William Darwin to his father Charles Darwin, 10 July [1878], in The …
- … Francis Darwin and A.C. Seward (eds), More Letters of Charles Darwin , 2 vols (London: John …
- … Poulton MSS, Oxford University Museum archive. Poulton, Charles Darwin and the Theory of Natural …
- … Thomas Fowler, 12 May 1899, OUM archive, Box 2, 1899/2. Walter F.R. Weldon, The Human Crania in …
Rewriting Origin - the later editions
Summary
For such an iconic work, the text of Origin was far from static. It was a living thing that Darwin continued to shape for the rest of his life, refining his ‘one long argument’ through a further five English editions. Many of his changes were made in…
Matches: 7 hits
- … up each edition to the existing standard of science’ ( to Charles Layton, 24 November [1869] ). …
- … expansion ‘in many places’ . Chief among these was Charles Lyell, instrumental in shaping both …
- … under a blizzard of letters (see especially letter to Charles Lyell, 11 October [1859] and …
- … last one was a welcome endorsement from the religious author Charles Kingsley, a chaplain to the …
- … of these were made in response to discussions with Henry Walter Bates, friend and travelling …
- … (With a glossary of scientific terms??) by Charles Darwin F.R.S. …
- … ed. , pp. 450–61). Despite continuing scepticism from Charles Lyell, who was staying with the …
Darwin in letters,1870: Human evolution
Summary
The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The whole of the year at work on the Descent of Man & Selection in relation to Sex’. Descent was the culmination of over three decades of observations and reflections on…
Matches: 4 hits
- … proofs of Descent in December, he wrote to his friend Charles Lyell, ‘thank all the powers above …
- … concerned about the consequences of Wallace’s book. Henry Walter Bates urged Darwin to respond to it …
- … in Paris. Quatrefages had just completed a book, Charles Darwin et ses précurseurs français …
- … and fine breeding: ‘the father is descended from Sir Walter Scott’s celebrated “Maida”’ ( letter …
Sexual selection
Summary
Although natural selection could explain the differences between species, Darwin realised that (other than in the reproductive organs themselves) it could not explain the often marked differences between the males and females of the same species. So what…
Matches: 1 hits
- … exchanged letters with naturalists and observers like Henry Walter Bates, Benjamin Dann Walsh, …
Darwin in letters,1866: Survival of the fittest
Summary
The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now considerably improved. In February, Darwin received a request from his publisher, John Murray, for a new edition of Origin. Darwin got the fourth…
Matches: 7 hits
- … The year 1866 began well for Charles Darwin, as his health, after several years of illness, was now …
- … correspondents. Hooker’s research on alpine floras, Henry Walter Bates’s article on mimetic …
- … follow you in thinking Agassiz glacier-mad’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 8[–9] September [1866] ). …
- … in this volume), drawing Darwin, Hooker, and the botanist Charles James Fox Bunbury into the …
- … good, & we have been at it many a long year’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 15 February [1866] ). …
- … loneliness’ ( letter from E. C. Langton to Emma and Charles Darwin, [6 and 7? January 1866] ), and …
- … borne it better than we c d have hoped’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 7 February [1866] ). Susan …
Darwin in letters, 1861: Gaining allies
Summary
The year 1861 marked an important change in the direction of Darwin’s work. He had weathered the storm that followed the publication of Origin, and felt cautiously optimistic about the ultimate acceptance of his ideas. The letters from this year provide an…
Matches: 7 hits
- … notably his faithful ‘barometer’ of scientific opinion, Charles Lyell ( see letter to Charles Lyell …
- … the news that most excited Darwin was word from Henry Walter Bates, recently returned from an eleven …
- … like Cuthbert Collingwood and laymen such as the physician Charles Robert Bree and the Scottish …
- … and poultry. As he frequently admitted to friends such as Charles Lyell and interested supporters …
- … prominently in the correspondence of 1861. Here, it was Charles Lyell who continued to act as Darwin …
- … had been ‘one long gigantic blunder’ ( letter to Charles Lyell, 6 September [1861] ). The …
- … network in support of his son. On 1 August he wrote to Charles Lyell to ask whether he could suggest …
Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 9 hits
- … at Erasmus’s house. The event was led by the medium Charles E. Williams, and was attended by George …
- … friend Joseph Dalton Hooker, and finally borrowed one from Charles Lyell ( letter to Smith, Elder …
- … at a much reduced price of nine shillings, in line with Charles Lyell’s Student’s elements of …
- … the ‘swell’ of his indignation through William Walter Roberts, a Catholic priest and friend of …
- … raising £860 ( Circular to John Lubbock, P. L. Sclater, Charles Lyell, W. B. Carpenter, and Michael …
- … Sharpe, 24 November [1874] ). He wrote in admiration of Charles Lyell’s plan to leave a bequest to …
- … of the English editions. Darwin’s French publisher, Charles Reinwald, engaged new translators to …
- … connotations of both Huxley’s and Tyndall’s addresses, Charles Lyell, who had spent his career …
- … may be fairly said to have had an ovation’ ( letter from Charles Lyell, 1 September 1874 ). …
Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex
Summary
The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…
Matches: 6 hits
- … additional facts that they hoped might be of interest. Charles Henry Binstead, a civil engineer in …
- … On 11 February , Darwin wrote to the entomologist Henry Walter Bates, ‘I have just found that I …
- … son, William, met on occasion with a Southampton surgeon, Charles Langstaff, who observed screaming …
- … as an appendix to volume 16 of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin . Religion in theory . …
- … Darwin by Julia Margaret Cameron ( Image: Charles Darwin, 1868, Julia Margaret Cameron, Dar …
- … year, but suffered one bout of poor health, complaining to Charles Lyell on 14 July : ‘the last 3 …
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
Summary
On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
Matches: 8 hits
- … On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July …
- … of Dimorphism’ in Menyanthes ( letter from Emma and Charles Darwin to W. E. Darwin, [20 May …
- … and animal-breeders. As in earlier years, Darwin consulted Charles William Crocker about his …
- … curators at a great distance. Gray forwarded a letter from Charles Wright, a plant collector in Cuba …
- … habit of a strangling fig that had been described in Henry Walter Bates’s Naturalist on the river …
- … Hugh Falconer, 3 November 186[4] ). The French botanist, Charles Victor Naudin, wrote a gracious …
- … when Colenso was in England in 1864, socialising with Charles Lyell and other members of the London …
- … of moral courage which is so small still’ ( letter from Charles Lyell, 4 November 1864 ); in …
Descent
Summary
There are more than five hundred letters associated with the research and writing of Darwin’s book, Descent of man and selection in relation to sex (Descent). They trace not only the tortuous route to eventual publication, but the development of Darwin’s…
