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Darwin Correspondence Project

From George Howard Darwin   [before 11 May 1863]1

You will see in B that if this cylinder were squashed down flat the spire would become a circle, & then each of the buds would occupy one of the places marked 1, 2 … 212

Thus Bud 2 would occupy the space betw: 13 & 14   Bud 3 betw: 5, 6; Bud 4 betw: 18, 19. &.c &c & thus every space would be filled but No bud would grow on the top of another. This may be all very old to you, but it was William’s3 suggestion to squash it down & see what happened.

diagram

It strikes me as a very neat arrangement

Now if cylinder A were squashed, each bud would be pressed down by a bud above it & it would come to horrid grief diagram 4 There are the same No: of leaves in each of these arrangements, if you count 1, & 1 the same & 22 & 22 the same in each.— Turn over.—

B

See how strangely one Secondary spire consists entirely of leaves with even numbers & the other with odd numbers.— The worst of it is that these things apply just as well to fractions wh: are not real.

The spires then are

1, 2, 3, .... 1 com: diff:

2, 4, 6, 8 …  2 com: diff:

1, 4, 7, 10 .... 3 com: diff

1, 5, 9, 13 … 4 com: diff

1, 6, 11, 16 … 5 com: diff

1, 7, 13 …  6 com diff

but this is the same spire as

1, 4, 7 &c

1, 8, 15 …  7 com diff:

1, 9, 17— 8 com diff:

this is the same as 1, 5, 9, 13, 17 &.c

&.c &.c

So I suppose there are any no: of spires. diagram 5

I’ve come to the conclusion that there are almost any number of secondary spires

for instance 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 &.c

N.B. this is an arithmetical progression with 3 for common difference

1; 1+3=4; 4+3=7; 7+3=10; &.c

again 6, 8, 10, 12 &.c   here 2 is com: diff:

Join 1 (on the left) 8 & 15 & this is another spire. 6

1, 8, 15, &c. here 7 is com: diff: Join 2 & 6 & the line emerges at the * & goes in on the other side at * & then by drawing a line parallel to the old line you pass thro’ 10

thus another is 2, 6, 10

I dont quite understand your question about the cone,6 but a piece of paper in this shape diagram if doubled round would form a mathematical cone with the top cut off.

If you look in the other diagram you will see that there you can make as many secondary spiries as you like

I’ve left all those lines in pencil so that you can rub them out.

CD annotations

5.1 The spires then are] cross brown crayon
Above diagram B: cross brown crayon

Footnotes

The date is established by the relationship between this memorandum and the following letter.
George was assisting CD with his investigations on phyllotaxy by analysing the angles of divergence of the leaf buds in a spire (see following letter). For CD’s research on phyllotaxy, see letter to Asa Gray, 20 April [1863], and letter to J. D. Hooker, [9 May 1863], n. 10. George’s notes on phyllotaxy are in DAR 192: 1–7.
The diagram is reproduced at 66% of its original size.
The diagram is reproduced at 66% of its original size.
CD’s letter to George containing this information has not been found.

Summary

Notes, calculations, and diagrams on phyllotaxy.

Letter details

Letter no.
DCP-LETT-3887
From
George Howard Darwin
To
Charles Robert Darwin
Sent from
unstated
Source of text
DAR 51: 6–7
Physical description
Amem 4pp †

Please cite as

Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 3887,” accessed on 23 April 2024, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-3887.xml

Also published in The Correspondence of Charles Darwin, vol. 11

letter