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To Asa Gray   28 May [1864]

Summary

Is slowly writing Lythrum paper [Collected papers 2: 106–31].

Thanks for [Charles?] Wright’s observations on orchids

– could he note what attracts insects to Begonia and Melastoma? H. Crüger, who was going to observe Melastomataceae, has died.

Describes the climbing habits of Bignonia capreolata and Eccremocarpus scaber.

How does AG know the perfect flowers of Voandzeia are quite sterile?

He has a case of dimorphism in holly; asks AG to report on American hollies.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  28 May [1864]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (79)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4511

Matches: 44 hits

  • … To Asa Gray   28 May [1864] …
  • … Herbarium of Harvard University (79) Charles Robert Darwin Down 28 May [1864] Asa Gray …
  • … see letter from W.  E.  Darwin, [19 May 1864] and n.  8). The photograph is reproduced as …
  • … forms of Lythrum salicaria ’ about 25 May 1864 (see ‘Journal’ ( Correspondence vol.  12, …
  • … was read at the Linnean Society on 16 June 1864. A draft of the manuscript, together with …
  • … By Charles Darwin. [Read 16 June 1864. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 8 ( …
  • … this volume, letter from Asa Gray, 16 February 1864  and n.  3. The reference is to the …
  • … American Civil War. Between 5 and 12 May 1864 the Union forces reported 32,000 men killed, …
  • … vol.  12, Appendix III.  See also letters to J.  D.  Hooker, 13 April [1864] and n.   …
  • … 7, and 22 [May 1864] and n.  16. Gray sent CD Nesaea seeds with his letter to CD of 27  …
  • … species, and CD’s experiments with them in 1864 and 1865, are described in Forms of …
  • … notes on these experiments, beginning in July 1864, are in DAR 110: B84–6 and B88–93. See …
  • … Asa Gray, 20, 25, and 26 March and 1 April 1864 . Charles Wright was an American botanist …
  • … in July (see letter from Asa Gray, 11 July 1864 ). No letter from Wright responding to CD’ …
  • … letter from A.  R.  Wallace, 2 January 1864  and n.  13. CD refers to Hermann Crüger , …
  • … Garden, Trinidad. See letter from J.   D.  Hooker, 20 April 1864 , and letter to J.   …
  • … D. Hooker, 25 April [1864] and n.  6. ‘Three forms of Lythrum salicaria ’ was published in …
  • … members of the society on 12 December 1864 ( General index to the Journal of the Linnean …
  • … CD arranged for additional copies to be dispatched in mid-December 1864 (see letter to …
  • … Daniel Oliver, 15 December [1864] ). Gray’s name appears on CD’s presentation list for …
  • … 1863] and n.  6). For CD’s observations on gyno-dioecism in 1864 see the letter to W.   …
  • … E. Darwin, 14 May [1864] . See also n.  17, below. CD discussed gyno-dioecious plants in …
  • … wool are recorded in a note dated 24 May [1864] in DAR 157.1: 140. Gray confirmed CD’ s …
  • … trees (see letter from Asa Gray, 11 July 1864  and n.  5, and ‘Climbing plants’ , pp.  56– …
  • … See also letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 4 December [1864] and n.  13. CD discussed the diverse …
  • … hederacea (Virginia creeper) dated July and August [1864] are in DAR 157.2: 65–7, and his …
  • … scaber , dated between March and June 1864, are in DAR 157.2: 1–4. CD refers to Hugo von …
  • … 1863 , and letter to Daniel Oliver, 28 [November 1863] , and [Oliver] 1864 ). See also …
  • … this volume, letter from Hermann Crüger, 21 January 1864  and n.  22, and letter to J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 5 April [1864] and n.  22. CD discussed Mohl’s criticisms in ‘Three forms of …
  • … statement; see letter from Asa Gray, 11 July 1864 . Voandzeia is a genus in the family …
  • … also letter from Asa Gray, 11 July 1864 . For CD’s published discussion of Amphicarpaea …
  • … See letter from William Bennett, 25 May 1864 ; the reference is to Leersia oryzoides. CD’s …
  • … flowers ([Oliver] 1864a). See letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 13 April [1864] and nn.  9– …
  • … and letter from William Bennett, 29 April 1864 , n.  4. Gray sent specimens of Campanula …
  • … on different plants (see letter to W.  E.  Darwin, 14 May [1864] and nn.  8 and 14). …
  • … CD’s notes on hollies, dated 18 May 1864, are in DAR 109: A8. CD discussed hollies ( …
  • … board, see letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 26[–7] March [1864] and n.  17. CD also refers to …
  • … published in the Reader on 16 April 1864, pp.  491–3; the article was an abstract of the …
  • … see letter from A.  R.  Wallace, 10 May 1864  and n.  8). CD refers to Wallace 1864b . …
  • … See letters from A.  R.  Wallace, 10 May 1864  and nn.   …
  • … 5–7, and 29 May [1864], and letter to A.   …
  • … R.  Wallace, 28 [May 1864] . See …
  • … letter from Asa Gray, 16 February 1864  and n.  9. Jane Loring Gray had been particularly …

To Asa Gray   13 September [1864]

Summary

Has finished Climbing plants;

resuming work on Variation.

Sends abstract of John Scott’s paper [see 4332].

Has received review of Herbert Spencer but cannot believe AG wrote it unless he has muddled his brains with metaphysics.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  13 Sept [1864]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (89)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4611

Matches: 32 hits

  • … To Asa Gray   13 September [1864] …
  • … Herbarium of Harvard University (89) Charles Robert Darwin Down 13 Sept [1864] Asa Gray …
  • … of distinct individuals. See letter from John Scott, 7 January [1864] and n.  11. …
  • … by the relationship between this letter and the letter from Asa Gray, 11 July 1864 . …
  • … Letter from Asa Gray, 11 July 1864 . According to CD’s journal, …
  • … manuscript of ‘Climbing plants’ was finished on 13 September 1864, and CD returned to his …
  • … manuscript of Variation on 14 September 1864 (see ‘Journal’ ( Correspondence vol.  12, …
  • … until the end of the year (see letter to Asa Gray, 29 October [1864] , and letters to J.   …
  • … London: John Murray. 1877. [Gray, Asa. ] 1864. [Review of A text-book of geology , by J. …
  • … D.  Hooker, 4  December [1864] and n.   …
  • … 10, and 10 December [1864] and n.  6). ‘Climbing plants’ was read at the Linnean Society …
  • … Wright ([Wright] 1864b). See letter from Asa Gray, 3 October 1864 . James Dwight Dana . …
  • … The reference is to Gray’s anonymous review of Dana 1864b ( [Gray] 1864 ) see letter from …
  • … Asa Gray, 3 October 1864  and n.  5). The reference is to John Scott’s paper ‘Observations …
  • … the letter from John Scott, 7 January [1864] and nn.  2–5. Gray regularly wrote reviews of …
  • … department at the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, in March 1864 (see letter from …
  • … John Scott, 10 March 1864 ). Joseph Dalton Hooker had suggested that Scott …
  • … in India in his letter to CD of 19 May 1864 , and CD wrote to Scott to offer him the …
  • … assistance required to make the journey (see letter to John Scott, 21 May [1864] ). See …
  • … also letters from John Scott , 28 May [1864] , and …
  • … 2 August 1864  and nn.  1 and 2. Scott visited CD at Down House in …
  • … August before leaving for India (see letter to J.  D.  Hooker, [16 August 1864] , n.  2). …
  • … In early September 1864, The Times reported on the growing movement of public opinion in …
  • … on the armistice issue (see, for example, The Times , 3 September 1864, p.   …
  • … 6, 8 September 1864, p.   …
  • … 6, and 9 September 1864, p.  7). …
  • … An editorial in The Times on 13 September 1864, p.  8, predicted that if Abraham Lincoln …
  • … Lincoln during August and early September 1864, see McPherson 1988 , pp.  760–1 and 768– …
  • … 1863] ( Correspondence vol.  11). See also letter from John Scott, 7 January [1864] . …
  • … In 1864 and 1865 CD made observations of cowslip pollen, including pollen from plants …
  • … grown from Scott’s seed (see memorandums from W.  E.  Darwin, [30 April 1864] and [after …
  • … 19 May 1864]. In 1865 and 1866 CD repeated the experiments with the seed sent by Scott, …

To Asa Gray   25 February [1864]

Summary

Has not worked for six months due to illness.

Has been looking at climbing plants.

Hermann Crüger’s paper shows that CD was right about Catasetum pollination. Crüger’s account of pollination of Coryanthes "beats everything".

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  25 Feb [1864]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (80)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4415

Matches: 21 hits

  • … To Asa Gray   25 February [1864] …
  • … Herbarium of Harvard University (80) Charles Robert Darwin Down 25 Feb [1864] Asa Gray …
  • … to Hermann Crüger’s paper ( Crüger 1864 ), which had just been sent to the Linnean …
  • … Society (see letter from Daniel Oliver, 18 February 1864 ). For CD’s …
  • … and progress with his work in 1863 and 1864, see Correspondence vol.  11, Appendix II, and …
  • … to J.  D.  Hooker, [20–]22 February [1864] and n.  14, and ‘Journal’ ( Correspondence …
  • … vol.  11). Gray’s letter of 16 February 1864  would not yet have reached CD. CD refers to …
  • … 1863d was reprinted in the Reader , 2 January 1864, pp.  17–18; a cutting of this reprint, …
  • … University Press. 1985–. Crüger, Hermann. 1864. A few notes on the fecundation of …
  • … and their morphology. [Read 3 March 1864. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 8 ( …
  • … By Charles Darwin. [Read 16 June 1864. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 8 ( …
  • … forms of Lythrum salicaria ’ on 25 May 1864 (see ‘Journal’ ( Correspondence vol.  12, …
  • … was read at the Linnean Society on 16 June 1864. In his ‘Journal’ ( Correspondence vol.   …
  • … that he finished his paper on climbing plants in September 1864; however, he was still …
  • … making additions in December 1864 (see letter to J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 10 December [1864] and n.  6. ). ‘Climbing plants’ was read at the Linnean …
  • … Joseph Dalton Hooker . See letter from Hermann Crüger, 21 January 1864 , letter to Daniel …
  • … Oliver, 17 February [1864] , and …
  • … Crüger 1864 . For CD’s excitement regarding Crüger’s …
  • … of his Catesetum work, see letter to Daniel Oliver, 17 February [1864] and nn.  6–10. …
  • … See letter to Daniel Oliver, 17 February [1864] and n.  11. The most recent known letter …

To Asa Gray   29 October [1864]

Summary

Sends question [missing] for an ornithologist.

Is plodding on at Variation.

Has added to Climbing plants.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  29 Oct [1864]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (88)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4647

Matches: 19 hits

  • … To Asa Gray   29 October [1864] …
  • … Herbarium of Harvard University (88) Charles Robert Darwin Down 29 Oct [1864] Asa Gray …
  • … volume, letter to Asa Gray, 13 September [1864] ). The Daily News was a liberal paper, …
  • … and parliamentary, financial, and administrative reform ( Newspaper press directory 1864). …
  • … by the relationship between this letter and the letter from Asa Gray, 3 October 1864 . See …
  • … letter from Asa Gray, 3 October 1864 . The other letter has not been found. The enclosure …
  • … to the letter from Asa Gray, 5 December 1864  and nn.  4 and 22. CD may have been thinking …
  • … see letter from Asa Gray, 5 December 1864 ). CD refers to [T.  H.  Huxley] 1864a, in which …
  • … See letter to T.  H.  Huxley, 3 October [1864] and nn.  2 and 4, and letter from T.   …
  • … H.  Huxley, 5 October 1864 . See letter from B.   …
  • … D.  Walsh, 29 April – 19 May 1864 . CD had been disappointed by the reception of his …
  • … taking phosphate of iron since 21 August 1864 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)), as part of …
  • … his stomach illness (see also letter from William Jenner, 15 October 1864  and n.  2). …
  • … Elizabeth Lyell was at Down from 15 to 17 October 1864 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). …
  • … See letter from William Jenner, 9 November 1864  and n.  1. …
  • … between 14 September and 16 November 1864 (‘Journal’ ( Correspondence vol.  12, Appendix …
  • … plants’ was finished on 13 September 1864; however, CD continued making observations on …
  • … letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 10 December [1864] , and CD’ s notes on species of Clematis , …
  • … dated between 8 September and 27 October [1864], in DAR 157.1: 66–9, 97–8, 124, and 137). …

From Charles Wright to Asa Gray   20, 25, and 26 March and 1 April 1864

Summary

Describes the flower and mode of action of a particular orchid.

Has been examining Spiranthes and is experimenting to see whether insects are necessary for its fertilisation.

It seems that Oncidium is designed so as not to be fertilised.

Author:  Charles Wright
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  20, 25 and 26 Mar 1864 and 1 Apr 1864
Classmark:  DAR 181: 163
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4433

Matches: 14 hits

  • … From Charles Wright to Asa Gray   20, 25, and 26 March and 1 April 1864
  • … DAR 181: 163 Charles Wright Retiro Cuba 20 Mar 1864 25 …
  • … Mar 1864 26 …
  • … Mar 1864 1 …
  • … Apr 1864 Asa Gray …
  • … Retiro March 20th 1864 My Dear D r . I received a few days ago yours of the 16th ult.   …
  • … to Joseph Dalton Hooker , dated 16 March 1864, is in Supplementary foreign letters, vol.   …
  • … plants in Cuba since 1856. In March 1864, he was living at Retiro, a property of his …
  • … of a letter from Gray to Wright of 30 March 1864 appears in Howard 1988 , p.  72: Yes, all …
  • … from CD to Wright has been found (see letter to Asa Gray, 28 May [1864] , and letter from …
  • … Asa Gray, 11 July 1864 ). It was customary for …
  • … to abstain from meat during Lent, which in 1864 ended on 27 March. Blain’s neighbour has …
  • … 6). Wright arrived in New England in August 1864 and left for Cuba again in May 1865 (see …
  • … a letter from Gray to Wright of 18 April 1864 (see n.  1, above) appears in Howard 1988 , …

To Asa Gray   19 April [1865]

Summary

Congratulates AG on the "grand news of Richmond".

Still interested in dimorphism and would welcome new cases.

Working on Variation

and correcting proofs of Climbing plants.

Would like seed of AG’s dimorphic Plantago.

Cannot understand how the wind could fertilise reciprocally dimorphic flowers.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  19 Apr [1865]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (77)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4467

Matches: 8 hits

  • … vol.   12, letter to Asa Gray, 28 May [1864] ). See also Autobiography , p.  129. …
  • … By Charles Darwin. [Read 16 June 1864. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 8 ( …
  • … of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 7 (1864): 69–83. [ Collected papers 2: 93–105. ] …
  • … of the herbarium is discussed in the letters from Asa Gray , 16 February 1864  and …
  • … 11 July 1864 ( Correspondence vol.  12). CD refers to A.  Gray 1865a , Scott 1864b , and …
  • … 6, and Correspondence vol.  12, letter to W.  E.  Darwin, 14 May [1864] , and letter to …
  • … Asa Gray, 28 May [1864] ). See also CD’ …
  • … s experimental notes on thyme dated from 1861 to 1864 in DAR 157a: 72 and DAR 109: A21–2, …

To Asa Gray   19 October [1865]

Summary

AG’s article on climbing plants [Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 40 (1865): 273–82] is admirable and complimentary.

Reports Fritz Müller’s observations on climbers.

Experiments on dimorphism with Mitchella and Pulmonaria.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  19 Oct [1865]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (93)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4919

Matches: 6 hits

  • … 12, letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 19 [April 1864] and n.  4). In 1865, CD conducted crossing …
  • … on Pulmonaria in 1863 and in April and May 1864 (see Correspondence vol.  11, letter from …
  • … and n.  4, and Correspondence vol.  12, letters from W.  E. Darwin, 14 April 1864  and …
  • … 18 April [1864] , and letter to W.   …
  • … E. Darwin, 14 May [1864] ). CD’ …
  • … s notes on Pulmonaria , made between 1864 and 1866, are in DAR 110: A40–94 and B15–17; his …

To Asa Gray   15 August [1865]

Summary

Gratified by AG’s praise of "Climbing plants".

Thanks for Specularia seed.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  15 Aug [1865]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (87)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4882

Matches: 5 hits

  • … Daniel Oliver had sent CD an abstract of Léon 1858  in 1864 (see Correspondence vol.   …
  • … letter from Daniel Oliver, [1 April 1864] ). CD cited Léon 1858  in ‘Climbing plants’ , …
  • … vol.  12, letter to Asa Gray, 29 October [1864] and n.  13). For CD’s earlier doubts about …
  • … 12, letter to Asa Gray, 13 September [1864] and n.  10. Reports in The Times had suggested …
  • … 12, letter to Asa Gray, 29 October [1864] ). CD refers to Lubbock 1865 , Tylor 1865 , and …

To Asa Gray   16 April [1866]

Summary

AG’s second article on Climbing plants [Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 41 (1866): 125–30].

Fritz Müller’s observations on Rubiaceae.

New edition [4th] of Origin.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  16 Apr [1866]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (96)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5057

Matches: 3 hits

  • … CUL. In his letter to Gray of 28 May [1864] ( Correspondence vol.  12), CD remarked that …
  • … CD’s health had been poor for much of 1864 and 1865; he began to report some improvement …
  • … 25 February 1866  and nn.  4 and 9. From 1864, Canadian and British government officials …

To Asa Gray   26 June [1863]

Summary

Thanks AG for references about phyllotaxy

and information on marriage laws.

Has been looking for dimorphism in Phlox and Euonymus.

Has observed the irritability of tendrils of Echinocystis with great interest. Was also struck by the rotating movements of the leading shoots, which he proposes to investigate.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  26 June [1863]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (82)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4222

Matches: 2 hits

  • … of the Linnean Society (Botany) 7 (1864): xi–xxix. ‘Climbing plants’: On the movements and …
  • … extensively on climbing plants during 1863 and 1864, publishing a paper in the Journal of …

To Asa Gray   21 [and 22] January 1878

Summary

Thanks for AG’s review of Forms of flowers [Am. J. Sci. 3d ser. 15 (1878): 67–73].

Thomas Carlyle’s letter about CD was a forgery.

Gives Hermann Müller’s observations on Valeriana dioica.

Is unsure about function of "bloom"; are glaucous plants more or less common in arid parts of U. S.?

Observations on heliotropism.

Thomas Meehan reports that Linum perenne is self-fertile; CD thinks that he has mistaken the species.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  21 and 22 Jan 1878
Classmark:  Archives of the Gray Herbarium, Harvard University (123 and 127)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11330

Matches: 2 hits

  • … John Murray. 1877. Hildebrand, Friedrich. 1864. Experimente über den Dimorphismus von …
  • … s supporting evidence was in Hildebrand 1864 . Linum perenne is blue flax. Friedrich …

To Asa Gray   9 August [1862]

Summary

Believes Lythrum is trimorphic. Asks AG for seeds of plants he suspects are polymorphic.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  9 Aug [1862]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (71)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3685

Matches: 2 hits

  • … By Charles Darwin. [Read 16 June 1864. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 8 ( …
  • … the Linnean Society of London on 16 June 1864. See letter to W.  E.  Darwin, [2–3 August …

To Asa Gray   22 January [1862]

Summary

Dimorphism: "new cases are tumbling in almost daily".

U. S. politics.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  22 Jan [1862]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (74)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3404

Matches: 2 hits

  • … By Charles Darwin. [Read 16 June 1864. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 8 ( …
  • … the Linnean Society of London in June 1864. CD had recently begun to investigate what he …

To Asa Gray   26[–7] November [1862]

Summary

Discusses AG’s article ["Dimorphism", Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 34 (1862): 419–20]. Does not like the terms "dioecio-dimorphism" or "precocious fertilisation". Discusses the separation of sexes in plants; cannot doubt that hermaphroditism is the aboriginal state.

Discusses AG’s observations on orchids and his review of Orchids [Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 34 (1862): 138–51].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  26[–7] Nov [1862]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (50)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3830

Matches: 3 hits

  • … By Charles Darwin. [Read 16 June 1864. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 8 ( …
  • … of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 7 (1864): 69–83. [ Collected papers 2: 93–105. ] …
  • … before the Linnean Society on 16 June 1864, CD stated: As some authors consider reciprocal …

To Asa Gray   2 January [1863]

Summary

Thanks AG for Cypripedium and Mitchella.

Plans to investigate pollination of Cypripedium.

Has finished Linum paper [Collected papers 2: 93–105].

Would welcome facts on "bud-variations".

Hears that Cinchona is dimorphic.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  2 Jan [1863]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (56)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3897

Matches: 2 hits

  • … of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 7 (1864): 69–83. [ Collected papers 2: 93–105. ] …
  • … CD’s experimental notes on M.  repens , made in 1864 and 1865, are in DAR 110: B84–93; his …

To Asa Gray   30 May [1875]

Summary

Wants seeds of Nesaea verticillata for crossing experiments to see whether seedlings from "illegitimate unions" are sterile like true hybrids.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  30 May [1875]
Classmark:  Archives of the Gray Herbarium, Harvard University (121)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-10002

Matches: 1 hit

  • … By Charles Darwin. [Read 16 June 1864. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 8 ( …

To Asa Gray   15 April [1867]

Summary

Thanks AG for his trouble about expression queries; wishes he had thought earlier of having them printed.

Is "plodding on" correcting Variation

and getting "a little amusement" from plant experiments. Oxalis is trimorphic like Lythrum.

Is continuing his experiments on seedling vigour.

Has heard hybrid potatoes can be produced by joining halves of different tubers.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  15 Apr [1867]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (97)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5442

Matches: 1 hit

  • … By Charles Darwin. [Read 16 June 1864. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 8 ( …

To Asa Gray   29 January 1881

Summary

Thanks for AG’s reviews [of Movement in plants] in the Journal and Nation [Am. J. Sci. 3d ser. 21 (1881): 245–9 and Nation 32 (1881): 17–18], especially for AG’s comment about Frank Darwin.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  29 Jan 1881
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (130b)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-13031

Matches: 1 hit

  • … letter from J. D. Hooker, [4–]6 August 1864 ( Correspondence vol. 12). Francis Darwin . …

To Asa Gray   14 July [1862]

Summary

Adaptations of orchid flowers. Believes the structure of all irregular flowers is adaptation to insect fertilisation.

Linum grandiflorum distinguishes its own pollen so that when placed on stigma of same flower the pollen-tube is not even exserted.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  14 July [1862]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (70)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3656

Matches: 1 hit

  • … of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 7 (1864): 69–83. [ Collected papers 2: 93–105. ] …

To Asa Gray   23 February [1863]

Summary

Recommends Lyell’s book [Antiquity of man (1863)].

Quotes praise of AG’s pamphlet [see 2938].

Comments on U. S. politics.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  23 Feb [1863]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (55)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4006

Matches: 1 hit

  • … of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 7 (1864): 69–83. [ Collected papers 2: 93–105. ] …
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Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health

Summary

On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’.  Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…

Matches: 30 hits

  • … Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864 : ‘the venerable beard gives the …
  • … Darwin corresponded little during the first three months of 1864, dictating nearly all his letters …
  • … had consulted in 1863. In a letter of 26[–7] March [1864] , Darwin exclaimed to his close friend, …
  • … letters of advice from Jenner. In a letter of 15 December [1864] to the surgeon and naturalist …
  • … his cousin William Darwin Fox in a letter of 30 November [1864] , ‘the Copley being open to all …
  • …  five years earlier. His primary botanical preoccupation in 1864 was climbing plants. He had become …
  • … ( Correspondence  vol. 11). In a letter of [27 January 1864] , Darwin wrote to Hooker: ‘The …
  • …  produce tendrils’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [8 February 1864] ). Darwin’s excitement about his …
  • … & therefore sacred’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 2 June [1864] ). When Darwin asked Oliver …
  • … light of axioms’ ( letter from Daniel Oliver, [17 March 1864] ). Though Darwin replied with his …
  • … . . .’ When he told Asa Gray in a letter of 29 October [1864] that he was continuing to study …
  • … addition to his work on climbing plants, Darwin engaged in 1864 in botanical observations and …
  • … were produced. Continuing from these earlier studies, in 1864 he conducted crossing experiments …
  • … in causing sterility both within and between species in his 1864 paper, ‘Three forms of Lythrum …
  • … trimorphic  Lythrum , and when his health permitted in 1864 he drew up the results (see …
  • … Darwin remarked to Hooker in a letter of 26 November [1864] that nothing had interested him so …
  • … species with the common oxlip. In a letter of 22 October [1864] , Darwin triumphantly wrote to …
  • … flowers ). A household enterprise Darwin’s 1864 correspondence with family members …
  • … Forms of flowers . The greatest assistance in 1864, however, was provided by William, Darwin …
  • … minute and painstaking observations, writing on 14 April [1864] , ‘I can do as much pollen work …
  • … letter from Emma and Charles Darwin to W. E. Darwin, [20 May 1864] ), or his excitement when he …
  • … for my stomach’ ( letter to Daniel Oliver, 17 February [1864] ). Darwin was also impressed …
  • … to inspire the research of others as well; he influenced the 1864 publication of a paper by another …
  • … publish his new material on them. Nevertheless, his work in 1864 contributed to his 1869 paper …
  • … continuing identification of insect pollinators in 1864 and following years. John Scott again …
  • … on the orchid  Oncidium  to the Linnean Society in 1864 (Scott 1864b). Recognising Scott’s skills …
  • … paid by Darwin himself ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [1 April 1864] ). Hooker’s series of …
  • … over  them’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [2 April 1864] ). Hooker warned Darwin: ‘Do pray …
  • … careful treatment’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 8 April 1864 ). Nevertheless, Hooker solicited and …
  • … hastening the fall’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 20 April 1864 ). In his reply of 25 April [1864] …

Darwin's health

Summary

On 28 March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend Joseph Hooker from Great Malvern in Worcestershire, where Dr James Manby Gully ran a fashionable water-cure establishment. Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to…

Matches: 9 hits

  • … of a fashionable spinal ice treatment. In April 1864, Darwin attributed his improved health to Dr …
  • … gaining vigour .’ (letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 April [1864] ) Why was Darwin’s so ill? …
  • … vol. 12, letter to F. T. Buckland, 15 December [1864] ). On Darwin’s early stomach …
  • … vol. 4). Throughout the winter of 1863 and spring of 1864, he was sick almost daily (see …
  • … Chapman.  In a letter to J. D. Hooker, [20-] 22 February [1864] ( Correspondence vol. 12), …
  • … in Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242) on several occasions in 1864 and 1865. ‘Bad hysteria & sickness …
  • … 12, letter from Emma Darwin to J. D. Hooker, 17 March [1864] . Treatments and medications …
  • … doses of chalk, magnesia, and other antacids in March 1864 (see Emma Darwin’s diary, DAR 242, and n. …
  • … vol. 12, letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 April [1864] ). …

Darwin’s hothouse and lists of hothouse plants

Summary

Darwin became increasingly involved in botanical experiments in the years after the publication of Origin. The building of a small hothouse - a heated greenhouse - early in 1863  greatly increased the range of plants that he could keep for scientific…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … an important focus for his experiments. By the spring of 1864, he was thinking of expansion, telling …
  • …  vol. 12, letter to J. D. Hooker, 26[–7] March 1864 ). The plan was quickly set in motion, and …
  • … the work, while William Ledger did the building. By August 1864, he had spent £126 10s. on the new …
  • … was replaced after Darwin’s death, and one section of the 1864 greenhouse was subsequently …
  • …  vol. 12, letter to J. D. Hooker, [25 January 1864] ). In view of the importance of Darwin …

Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex

Summary

The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … the mating process. In a letter to Alfred Russel Wallace in 1864, Darwin claimed that sexual …
  • … (Correspondence vol. 12, letter to A. R. Wallace, 28 [May 1864] ). Darwin’s theory of …

Diagrams and drawings in letters

Summary

Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … W. E. Darwin's observations on  Pulmonaria ,  14 April [1864] Ernst Haeckel's …

Natural Science and Femininity

Summary

Discussion Questions|Letters A conflation of masculine intellect and feminine thoughts, habits and feelings, male naturalists like Darwin inhabited an uncertain gendered identity. Working from the private domestic comfort of their homes and exercising…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … Letter 4377 - Haeckel, E. P. A. to Darwin, [2 January 1864] Haeckel sends Darwin some …
  • … Letter 4436 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [26-27 March 1864] Darwin thanks Hooker for …
  • … Letter 4469 - Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, [20 April 1864] Hooker discusses the scientific …
  • … Letter 4472 - Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, [26 or 27 April 1864] Hooker once again discusses …

'An Appeal' against animal cruelty

Summary

The four-page pamphlet transcribed below and entitled 'An Appeal', was composed jointly by Emma and Charles Darwin (see letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, [29 September 1863]). The pamphlet, which protested against the cruelty of steel vermin…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Annual Report, 1864, p. 32; Animal World , 1 February …
  • … with the RSPCA; however, the RSPCA Annual Report for 1864 records that 'a benevolent lady, …
  • … the Royal Horticultural Gardens, South Kensington, in June 1864 ( The Times , 27 May 1864, p. 11, …
  • … Darwin 2: 200). Although the RSPCA considered in 1864 that many game preservers had …
  • … were 'awakening to its barbarity' (RSPCA Annual Report 1864, p. 32), the use of the steel …
  • … payments being recorded from 1854 to 1861, in 1863 and 1864, from 1871 to 1875, and in 1878 and 1880 …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Letter 4523 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [6 June 1864] Darwin’s niece, Lucy, responds …
  • … Letter 4436 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [26-27 March 1864] Darwin thanks Hooker for …
  • …  - Wright, Charles to Gray, A., [20, 25, 26 March & 1 April 1864] Charles Wright tells …

The Lyell–Lubbock dispute

Summary

In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…

Matches: 8 hits

  • … and Scotland (Lubbock 1862a, 1862b, and 1863a). In the July 1864 issue of Natural History Review …
  • … address for the British Association meeting at Bath in 1864 (C. Lyell 1864). 3  By …
  • … Darwin’s theory ([Lubbock] 1863b, p. 213).  In May 1864, Lubbock received a letter from …
  • … 3. Letters from Charles Lyell to John Lubbock, 22 February 1864 and 24 February 1864 (British …
  • … 12. Letter from Hugh Falconer to John Lubbock, 24 May [1864], in (British Library, Add. MSS 49640) …
  • … and gentlemen in the formation of the X Club, 1851–1864.  Isis  89: 410–44. Bynum, William …
  • … History Review  n.s. 3: 211–19. Lubbock, John. 1864. Cave-men.  Natural History Review  n …
  • … revised. London: John Murray. Lyell, Charles. 1864. Presidential address.  Report of the …

Evolution: Selected Letters of Charles Darwin 1860-1870

Summary

This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific colleagues around the world; letters by the critics who tried to stamp out his ideas, and by admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … & succeeding in India. John Scott to Darwin, 1864. I was astounded at …

Have you read the one about....

Summary

... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.

Matches: 1 hits

  • … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …

Science: A Man’s World?

Summary

Discussion Questions|Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth-century women participated in the world of science, be it as experimenters, observers, editors, critics, producers, or consumers. Despite this, much of the…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 4377 - Haeckel, E. P. A. to Darwin, [2 January 1864] Haeckel sends Darwin some …
  • … Letter 4441 - Becker, L. E. to Darwin, [30 March 1864] Lydia Becker sends Darwin a copy …

Scientific Networks

Summary

Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … Letter 4463 — Scott, John to Darwin, C. R., 14 Apr [1864] Scott thanks Darwin for his …
  • … Letter 4468 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 19 [Apr 1864] Darwin makes another plea to his …
  • … Letter 4469 — Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, C. R., 20 Apr 1864 Hooker again refuses to help Scott, …
  • … Letter 4471 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 25 Apr [1864] Darwin thinks his friend Kew …
  • … Letter 4611 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 13 Sept [1864] Darwin sends abstract of John Scott …
  • … Letter 4441 — Becker, Lydia to Darwin, C. R., 30 Mar 1864 Becker sends Darwin a copy of her …

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Civil War. DARWIN:  157   February 1864… My dear Gray. It is now six months since I …
  • … 1863 157  C DARWIN TO A GRAY 25 FEBRUARY 1864 158 C DARWIN TO A GRAY 28 …
  • … 27 OCTOBER 1862 168  TO ASA GRAY 29 OCTOBER 1864 169 FROM ASA GRAY 5 …

Darwin's notes for his physician, 1865

Summary

On 20 May 1865, Emma Darwin recorded in her diary that John Chapman, a prominent London publisher who had studied medicine in London and Paris in the early 1840s, visited Down to consult with Darwin about his ill health. In 1863 Chapman started to treat…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … a period of severe illness, which improved by March 1864 under the care of the physician William …
  • … his brain or heart to be ‘primarily affected’. In March 1864, Darwin began to consult Jenner, who …
  • … Correspondence vol. 12, letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 April [1864], letter from William Jenner to …

Darwin and Fatherhood

Summary

Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten children. It is often assumed that Darwin was an exceptional Victorian father. But how extraordinary was he? The Correspondence Project allows an unusually…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … daughter reveal (J. D. Hooker to Darwin,  16 September 1864 ). In addition to his fears for …

Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments

Summary

The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … for the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1864, had staunchly supported his candidacy, …
  • … to CD’s theory of transmutation, in or before November 1864 ( Correspondence vol. 12, letter to …
  • … ), and wrote up his results on his voyage to India in late 1864, despite suffering from sea-sickness …
  • … in learned societies and in the popular press. In December 1864, George Douglas Campbell, the duke …
  • … this and that modification of structure’ (G. D. Campbell 1864, pp. 275–6). Campbell argued further …

3.5 William Darwin, photo 2

Summary

< Back to Introduction Darwin’s son William, who had become a banker in Southampton, took the opportunity of a short visit home to Down House in April 1864 to photograph his father afresh. This half-length portrait was the first to show Darwin with a…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … the opportunity of a short visit home to Down House in April 1864 to photograph his father afresh. …
  • … among the prints that William posted to his father in May 1864, since the photograph subsequently …
  • … simply inscribed by hand on the back in pencil ‘C. Darwin 1864’ – the accuracy of the dating …
  • … Erasmus Darwin  
 date of creation April 1864 
 computer-readable date 1864-04 …
  • … William Darwin’s letter to his father [19 May 1864] sending prints of his recent photograph (DCP …

Darwin’s Photographic Portraits

Summary

Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of photography for the study of Expression and Emotions in Man and Animal, but can be witnessed in his many photographic portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … far more satisfied with the results. In 1860-61 and again in 1864 Charles Darwin sat for his eldest …
  • … photographs of Darwin.The years between 1860 and 1864 took a physical and emotional toll on Darwin, …
  • … and the Botany Libraries (left)  and  Charles Darwin, 1864, William Darwin, Dar 225:113, …
  • … took the first portrait with his ‘venerable beard’ in 1864. Image: Charles Darwin, 1881, …

Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small

Summary

In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … able to work’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, [ c . 10 April 1864] ). To the physician Henry Holland, …
  • … History every day’ ( letter to Henry Holland, 6 November [1864] ). Writing to the clergyman and …
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