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To W. E. Darwin   3 May [1864]

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Summary

Thanks WED for measuring cowslip pollen. Sends dimorphic flowers.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  3 May [1864]
Classmark:  DAR 97: A8, A10
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4480

Matches: 19 hits

  • … To W.  E.  Darwin   3 May [1864] …
  • … DAR 97: A8, A10 Charles Robert Darwin unstated 3 May [1864] William Erasmus Darwin …
  • … memorandum from W.  E.  Darwin, [30 April  1864]). CD presumably refers to the Pulmonaria …
  • … see n.  2, above). William responded to his question in his letters of 12 May [1864] and …
  • … 18 May [1864]. According to Emma Darwin’s diary ( …
  • … DAR 242), CD was ‘uncomf[ortable]’ on 2 and 3 May 1864. …
  • … that William examined Pulmonaria angustifolia in 1863 and 1864, and measured the pollen of …
  • … the red equal-styled cowslip in 1864 and 1865; both activities are mentioned in this …
  • … letter (see letters and memorandum from W.  E.  Darwin, 14 April [1864], 18  …
  • … April 1864, and [ …
  • … 30 April 1864], and nn.  2, 3, and 5, below). William used a camera lucida to make many of …
  • … dated 26 April, 6 May, and 14 May 1864, he made several observations of anther size in the …
  • … and short-styled forms, noting on 6 May 1864 that the anthers in the P. angustifolia bud …
  • … Pulmonaria anthers, see the memorandum and the letter from W.  E.  Darwin, 6 May 1864  and …
  • … 12 May [1864]; for his sketches of anthers in the bud, see the letters from W.   …
  • … E.  Darwin, 18 May [1864] and …
  • … 24 May 1864 . See also letter to W.   …
  • … E.  Darwin, 14 May [1864] and n.  5. See memorandum …
  • … from W.  E.  Darwin, [30 April 1864] and n.  2. CD wrote that the pollen of the equal- …

To W. E. Darwin   14 May [1864]

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Summary

Discusses WED’s observations on polymorphic flowers.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  14 May [1864]
Classmark:  DAR 97: A1–2, A4–5
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4495

Matches: 18 hits

  • … To W.  E.  Darwin   14 May [1864] …
  • … DAR 97: A1–2, A4–5 Charles Robert Darwin Down 14 May [1864] William Erasmus Darwin …
  • … the letter from W.  E.  Darwin, 12 May [1864] . CD published a discussion of Pulmonaria …
  • … on pp.  105, 106, and 107 (see letters from W.  E.  Darwin, 18 April 1864  and n.   …
  • … 3, and 12 May [1864] and nn.  3 and 4). …
  • … CD is referring to William’s letter of 12 May [1864] and to his earlier letter of 4  May [ …
  • … By Charles Darwin. [Read 16 June 1864. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 8 ( …
  • … also letter from W.  E.  Darwin, 12 May [1864] and n.  6, and Forms of flowers , p.  106. …
  • … forms (see letter to W.  E.  Darwin, 3 May [1864] , n.  2, and ‘Three forms of Lythrum …
  • … see also letter from W.  E.  Darwin, 14 April [1864] and n.  4, n.  5, above, and Forms of …
  • … from opened flowers, evidently measured wet, with his letters of 14 April [1864] and …
  • … 18 April 1864. CD compared …
  • … the unopened (indehiscent) anthers on 6 May 1864 (see letter to W.   …
  • … E.  Darwin, 3 May [1864] , n.  2). In Forms of flowers , p.  106, CD noted the smaller …
  • … different forms of Pulmonaria angustifolia in 1864 and 1865; for CD’s experimental notes …
  • … thyme in the garden at Down on 5 May and 28 May 1864 (DAR 109: A46 v. ). According to Emma …
  • … Wedgwood visited Down from 14 to 17 May 1864. Francis Darwin . CD had observed the two …
  • … of Echium vulgare for CD in June and July 1864 from Down and another site (see also Forms …

To W. E. Darwin   [19 May 1864]

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Summary

Mentions WED’s extraordinary discovery of some pollen-grains of different sizes. The observations must be followed up.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  [19 May 1864]
Classmark:  DAR 210.6: 186
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5333

Matches: 10 hits

  • … To W.  E.  Darwin   [19 May 1864] …
  • … DAR 210.6: 186 Charles Robert Darwin unstated [19 May 1864] William Erasmus Darwin …
  • … relationship between this letter and the letters from W.  E.  Darwin, 18 May [1864] and [ …
  • … 20 May 1864] ( Correspondence vol.  12). See Correspondence vol.   …
  • … 12, letter from W.  E.  Darwin, 18 May [1864] . William had included sketches of the …
  • … see also letter from W.  E.  Darwin, [20 May 1864] and n.   3. For CD’s annotations, see …
  • … H.  E.  Darwin to W.  E.  Darwin, [18 May 1864] and n.  2. Most of CD’s work on Rhamnus …
  • … Correspondence vol.  12, letter from H.  E.  Darwin to W.  E.  Darwin, [18 May 1864] ). …
  • … 12, letter from W.  E.  Darwin, 18 May [1864] . For CD’s query regarding Menyanthes ( …
  • … Emma Darwin to W.  E.  Darwin, [17 May 1864] ( Correspondence vol.  12). For CD’s interest …

From H. E. Darwin to W. E. Darwin   [18 May 1864]

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Summary

CD would like to see Rhamnus, as an American species is dimorphic.

Sends red cowslip pollen to be measured.

Author:  Henrietta Emma Darwin; Henrietta Emma Litchfield
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  [18 May 1864]
Classmark:  DAR 210.6: 118
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4442

Matches: 11 hits

  • … From H.  E.  Darwin to W.  E.  Darwin   [18 May 1864] …
  • … Henrietta Emma Darwin/Henrietta Emma Litchfield Down [18 May 1864] William Erasmus Darwin …
  • … to W.  E.  Darwin, [16 March 1864] , n.  3). …
  • … diary (DAR 242) for Saturday 21 May 1864: ‘Boys from school’. James Mackintosh Wedgwood. …
  • … See letter from Emma Darwin to W.  E.  Darwin, [17 May 1864] and n.  6. …
  • … the letter from Emma Darwin to W.  E.  Darwin, [17 May 1864] , and the letters from W.   …
  • … E.  Darwin, 18 May [1864] and [ …
  • … 19 May 1864] . For CD’s query regarding Menyanthes , see the letter from Emma …
  • … Darwin to W.  E.  Darwin, [17 May 1864] . No recent reference to Rhamnus , the buckthorn, …
  • … 50, and DAR 111. See letter to W.  E.  Darwin, [14–17 May 1864] and n.  2. George Howard, …
  • … at Clapham Grammar School in South London in May 1864 (see letter from H.  E.  Darwin …

From Emma and Charles Darwin to W. E. Darwin   [20 May 1864]

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Summary

CD much obliged for specimen and drawings.

Author:  Emma Wedgwood; Emma Darwin; Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  [20 May 1864]
Classmark:  DAR 97: A7
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3366

Matches: 11 hits

  • … From Emma and Charles Darwin to W.  E.  Darwin   [20 May 1864] …
  • … Wedgwood/Emma Darwin Charles Robert Darwin unstated [20 May 1864] William Erasmus Darwin …
  • … the letter from W.  E.  Darwin, [19 May 1864] , and by George Howard, Francis, and Leonard …
  • … Darwin’s arrival at Down on 21 May 1864 (see n.  5, below). …
  • … In his letter of [19 May 1864] , William mentioned sending drawings of pollen and anthers, …
  • … from Emma Darwin to W.  E.  Darwin, [17 May 1864] and n.  4). For CD’s speculation on the …
  • … Pulmonaria angustifolia , see letter to W.  E. Darwin, 14 May [1864] and nn.  6 and 7. …
  • … and Forms of flowers , p.  115). See letter from W.  E.  Darwin, [19 May 1864] and n.  8. …
  • … later (see, for example, letter to Asa Gray, 28 May [1864] ). See letter from H.  E.   …
  • … Darwin to W.  E.  Darwin, [18 May 1864] and n.  4. See letter …
  • … from W.  E.  Darwin, [19 May 1864] and n.  3. CD wrote in Forms of flowers , p.  115, that …

To W. E. Darwin   [14–17 May 1864]

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Summary

Instructions on measuring pollen of dimorphic plants.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  [14–17 May 1864]
Classmark:  DAR 97: A3
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4479

Matches: 9 hits

  • … To W.  E.  Darwin   [14–17 May 1864] …
  • … DAR 97: A3 Charles Robert Darwin unstated [14–17 May 1864] William Erasmus Darwin …
  • … as CD had mentioned in his letter of 14 May [1864] ; William responded to CD’s request to …
  • … observe the pollen dry in his letter of 18 May [1864] . See also letter from H.  E. …
  • … Darwin to W.  E.  Darwin, [18 May 1864] . William had already sketched pollen for CD from …
  • … red cowslip (see memorandum from W.  E.  Darwin, [30 April 1864] and nn.  3 and 4). In his …
  • … letters to W.  E.  Darwin of 3 May [1864] and …
  • … 5 May [1864] , CD had asked William to soak the yellow cowslip pollen the longest before …
  • … styled Pulmonaria flower-buds, see the letter to W.  E.  Darwin, 14 May [1864] and n.  6). …

From Henrietta Emma Darwin to W. E. Darwin   [16 March 1864]

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CD wants WED to make some measurements on mid-styled [Primula sinensis] plants.

Author:  Henrietta Emma Darwin; Henrietta Emma Litchfield
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  [16 Mar 1864]
Classmark:  DAR 210.6: 116
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3633

Matches: 10 hits

  • … From Henrietta Emma Darwin to W.  E.  Darwin   [16 March 1864] …
  • … Henrietta Emma Darwin/Henrietta Emma Litchfield Down [16 Mar 1864] William Erasmus Darwin …
  • … at Clapham to W.  E.  Darwin, [24 March 1864], George wrote: ‘The boys have gone home …
  • … at Clapham Grammar School in March 1864 ( F.  Darwin 1920 , and CD’s Classed account …
  • … between this letter and the letter from W.  E.  Darwin, [15 March 1864] (see n.   …
  • … 2, below). In 1864, 16 March was the first Wednesday after 15 March. CD evidently wanted …
  • … letter from W.   E.  Darwin, 22 March [1864] and n.  8; see also ‘Illegitimate offspring …
  • … Forms of flowers , p.  219, and letter from W.  E. Darwin, 22 March [1864] and n.  4). …
  • … to go home for the Easter holiday; in 1864, Easter Sunday fell on 27 March. In a letter …
  • … see letter from W.  E.  Darwin, [15 March  1864] and nn.  4 and 9). CD later wrote, while …

From Emma Darwin to W. E. Darwin   [17 May 1864]

Summary

CD says Meneanthes is now in flower.

Author:  Emma Wedgwood; Emma Darwin
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  [17 May 1864]
Classmark:  DAR 219.1: 80
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4498F

Matches: 9 hits

  • … From Emma Darwin to W.  E.  Darwin   [17 May 1864] …
  • … DAR 219.1: 80 Emma Wedgwood/Emma Darwin [17 May 1864] William Erasmus Darwin …
  • … record a payment to George of £10 on 6 July 1864, and a payment to William and George of £ …
  • … 31 10 s. on 10 August 1864 for their tour. James Mackintosh Wedgwood, Emma’s nephew, was …
  • … from incurable cancer (see letter from E.  A.  Darwin, [15? April 1864] and n.  5) …
  • … the letter from W.  E.  Darwin, 18 May [1864] , and by the references to the hot weather …
  • … Elizabeth Wedgwood visited from 14 to 17 May  1864. Holwood Park, almost two miles from …
  • … July, returning ‘from abroad’ on 2 August 1864. CD’s Account books–banking account and his …
  • … Darwin noted the hot weather on 17 and 18 May 1864. According to Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR …

To W. E. Darwin   [after 14 April – 5 May 1864]

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Describes difference between Pulmonaria flowers; wishes to know whether it is general.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  [after 14 Apr – 5 May 1864]
Classmark:  DAR 97: 9
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4822

Matches: 8 hits

  • … To W.  E.  Darwin   [after 14 April – 5 May 1864] …
  • … 97: 9 Charles Robert Darwin unstated [after 14 Apr – 5 May 1864] William Erasmus Darwin …
  • … reply regarding stigma shape, see his memorandum of 6 May 1864; see also letter from W.   …
  • … E.  Darwin, 12 May [1864] and n.  7. …
  • … the cover of the letter from W.  E.  Darwin, 14 April [1864] , and by William’s drawing of …
  • … stigmas in his memorandum of 6 May 1864. At some time, CD received seedlings of Pulmonaria …
  • … of Wight plants, and a note dated 6 May 1864 in DAR 110: A51 begins, ‘Pulmonaria I.  of …
  • … style thickness in a note dated 6 May 1864 in DAR 110: A51, but, on the reverse side, CD …

To W. E. Darwin   5 May [1864]

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Summary

Experiment instructions.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  5 May [1864]
Classmark:  DAR 185: 13
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4483

Matches: 5 hits

  • … To W.  E.  Darwin   5 May [1864] …
  • … DAR 185: 13 Charles Robert Darwin Down 5 May [1864] William Erasmus Darwin …
  • … this letter, the memorandum from W.  E.  Darwin, [30 April 1864], and the letter to W.   …
  • … E.  Darwin, 3 May [1864] . See letter to W.   …
  • … E.  Darwin, 3 May [1864] and nn.  3 and 4. …

To William Erasmus Darwin   [1 May 1864]

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Writes of dimorphic plants.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  [1 May 1864]
Classmark:  DAR 210.6: 122
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5127

Matches: 5 hits

  • … To William Erasmus Darwin   [1 May 1864] …
  • … DAR 210.6: 122 Charles Robert Darwin Down [1 May 1864] William Erasmus Darwin …
  • … wrote in her diary (DAR 242) for 30 April 1864, ‘Children from school & Alfred’ (see n.   …
  • … blue cowslip); in his letter of 3 May [1864] ( Correspondence vol.  12), CD sent flowers …
  • … 1863] and nn.  2 and 3); a note dated 6 May 1864 in DAR 110: A51 begins, ‘Pulmonaria I.   …

To W. E. Darwin   [25 October 1862]

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Asks WED to make some observations on differences in pods of Lythrum.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  [25 Oct 1862]
Classmark:  DAR 210.6: 106
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3782

Matches: 2 hits

  • … By Charles Darwin. [Read 16 June 1864. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 8 ( …
  • … the Linnean Society of London on 16 June 1864; he reported observations based on William’s …

To W. E. Darwin   [before 30 November 1876]

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Summary

Is working at dimorphic plants;

is astonished at WED’s labour.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  [before 30 Nov 1876]
Classmark:  DAR 210.6: 119
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5771

Matches: 1 hit

  • … made by William between 4 May 1863 and May 1864 (Botanical notebook of W. E. Darwin, 1862– …

To W. E. Darwin   29 [November 1855]

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Is sorry to hear that WED has been ill.

Discusses pigeons and his pigeon work.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  29 [Nov 1855]
Classmark:  DAR 210.6: 7
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1689

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Darwin and the Reverend G. V. Reed, 1857–1864. Notes and Records of the Royal Society 32 ( …

To W. E. Darwin   6 October [1858]

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Summary

Sends £20. Family news.

Answers WED’s questions about CD’s Journal of researches: Galapagos "productions" all came from America, but "they have since been modified by my principle of Natural Selection".

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  6 Oct [1858]
Classmark:  DAR 92: A19–21
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2334

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Darwin and the Reverend G. V. Reed, 1857–1864. Notes and Records of the Royal Society 32 ( …

To W. E. Darwin   [2–3 August 1862]

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Discusses Lythrum, "a really wonderful case"; asks WED to make observations and collect specimens; sends a diagram which shows what crosses he believes are fertile.

Would like George to watch bees visiting the flowers; wants some pods from different forms to compare shapes and count seeds.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  [2–3 Aug 1862]
Classmark:  DAR 185: 70, DAR 210.6: 102
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3678

Matches: 1 hit

  • … By Charles Darwin. [Read 16 June 1864. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 8 ( …

To W. E. Darwin   29 [June 1863?]

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Would like WED to send a specimen of the unusual plant organ of which he sent a drawing.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  29 [June 1863?]
Classmark:  DAR 210.6: 94
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3367

Matches: 1 hit

  • … in the spring and summer of 1863 and 1864 (DAR 109: B3–7 and DAR 111: A44, A46–8). CD’s …

To W. E. Darwin   [25 July 1863]

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Relates events at Down;

asks WED to make some observations on Lythrum.

His present hobby-horse is tendrils.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  [25 July 1863]
Classmark:  DAR 210.6: 112
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4199

Matches: 1 hit

  • … which formed the basis for experiments in 1864 (see Forms of flowers , pp.  104–10, and …

To W. E. Darwin   [10 May 1863]

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Thanks WED for his botanical specimens and observations.

Discusses Corydalis and the fertilisation of Fumariaceae.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  [10 May 1863]
Classmark:  DAR 210.6: 111
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4151

Matches: 1 hit

  • … 12, letter to W.  E.  Darwin, 14 May [1864] . For CD’s conclusions on P.  angustifolia , …

From Emma Darwin to W. E. Darwin   [28 October 1863]

Summary

CD’s health.

Family and local news.

Author:  Emma Wedgwood; Emma Darwin
Addressee:  William Erasmus Darwin
Date:  [28 Oct 1863]
Classmark:  DAR 219. 1: 78
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4323F

Matches: 1 hit

  • … to William Erasmus Darwin, [February 1864 ? ], in DAR 210.6: 115). Probably a reference to …
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Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health

Summary

On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’.  Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…

Matches: 30 hits

  • … Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864 : ‘the venerable beard gives the …
  • … Darwin corresponded little during the first three months of 1864, dictating nearly all his letters …
  • … had consulted in 1863. In a letter of 26[–7] March [1864] , Darwin exclaimed to his close friend, …
  • … letters of advice from Jenner. In a letter of 15 December [1864] to the surgeon and naturalist …
  • … his cousin William Darwin Fox in a letter of 30 November [1864] , ‘the Copley being open to all …
  • …  five years earlier. His primary botanical preoccupation in 1864 was climbing plants. He had become …
  • … ( Correspondence  vol. 11). In a letter of [27 January 1864] , Darwin wrote to Hooker: ‘The …
  • …  produce tendrils’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [8 February 1864] ). Darwin’s excitement about his …
  • … & therefore sacred’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 2 June [1864] ). When Darwin asked Oliver …
  • … light of axioms’ ( letter from Daniel Oliver, [17 March 1864] ). Though Darwin replied with his …
  • … . . .’ When he told Asa Gray in a letter of 29 October [1864] that he was continuing to study …
  • … addition to his work on climbing plants, Darwin engaged in 1864 in botanical observations and …
  • … were produced. Continuing from these earlier studies, in 1864 he conducted crossing experiments …
  • … in causing sterility both within and between species in his 1864 paper, ‘Three forms of Lythrum …
  • … trimorphic  Lythrum , and when his health permitted in 1864 he drew up the results (see …
  • … Darwin remarked to Hooker in a letter of 26 November [1864] that nothing had interested him so …
  • … species with the common oxlip. In a letter of 22 October [1864] , Darwin triumphantly wrote to …
  • … flowers ). A household enterprise Darwin’s 1864 correspondence with family members …
  • … Forms of flowers . The greatest assistance in 1864, however, was provided by William, Darwin …
  • … minute and painstaking observations, writing on 14 April [1864] , ‘I can do as much pollen work …
  • … letter from Emma and Charles Darwin to W. E. Darwin, [20 May 1864] ), or his excitement when he …
  • … for my stomach’ ( letter to Daniel Oliver, 17 February [1864] ). Darwin was also impressed …
  • … to inspire the research of others as well; he influenced the 1864 publication of a paper by another …
  • … publish his new material on them. Nevertheless, his work in 1864 contributed to his 1869 paper …
  • … continuing identification of insect pollinators in 1864 and following years. John Scott again …
  • … on the orchid  Oncidium  to the Linnean Society in 1864 (Scott 1864b). Recognising Scott’s skills …
  • … paid by Darwin himself ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [1 April 1864] ). Hooker’s series of …
  • … over  them’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [2 April 1864] ). Hooker warned Darwin: ‘Do pray …
  • … careful treatment’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 8 April 1864 ). Nevertheless, Hooker solicited and …
  • … hastening the fall’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 20 April 1864 ). In his reply of 25 April [1864] …

Darwin's health

Summary

On 28 March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend Joseph Hooker from Great Malvern in Worcestershire, where Dr James Manby Gully ran a fashionable water-cure establishment. Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to…

Matches: 9 hits

  • … of a fashionable spinal ice treatment. In April 1864, Darwin attributed his improved health to Dr …
  • … gaining vigour .’ (letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 April [1864] ) Why was Darwin’s so ill? …
  • … vol. 12, letter to F. T. Buckland, 15 December [1864] ). On Darwin’s early stomach …
  • … vol. 4). Throughout the winter of 1863 and spring of 1864, he was sick almost daily (see …
  • … Chapman.  In a letter to J. D. Hooker, [20-] 22 February [1864] ( Correspondence vol. 12), …
  • … in Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242) on several occasions in 1864 and 1865. ‘Bad hysteria & sickness …
  • … 12, letter from Emma Darwin to J. D. Hooker, 17 March [1864] . Treatments and medications …
  • … doses of chalk, magnesia, and other antacids in March 1864 (see Emma Darwin’s diary, DAR 242, and n. …
  • … vol. 12, letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 April [1864] ). …

Darwin’s hothouse and lists of hothouse plants

Summary

Darwin became increasingly involved in botanical experiments in the years after the publication of Origin. The building of a small hothouse - a heated greenhouse - early in 1863  greatly increased the range of plants that he could keep for scientific…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … an important focus for his experiments. By the spring of 1864, he was thinking of expansion, telling …
  • …  vol. 12, letter to J. D. Hooker, 26[–7] March 1864 ). The plan was quickly set in motion, and …
  • … the work, while William Ledger did the building. By August 1864, he had spent £126 10s. on the new …
  • … was replaced after Darwin’s death, and one section of the 1864 greenhouse was subsequently …
  • …  vol. 12, letter to J. D. Hooker, [25 January 1864] ). In view of the importance of Darwin …

Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex

Summary

The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … the mating process. In a letter to Alfred Russel Wallace in 1864, Darwin claimed that sexual …
  • … (Correspondence vol. 12, letter to A. R. Wallace, 28 [May 1864] ). Darwin’s theory of …

Diagrams and drawings in letters

Summary

Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … W. E. Darwin's observations on  Pulmonaria ,  14 April [1864] Ernst Haeckel's …

Natural Science and Femininity

Summary

Discussion Questions|Letters A conflation of masculine intellect and feminine thoughts, habits and feelings, male naturalists like Darwin inhabited an uncertain gendered identity. Working from the private domestic comfort of their homes and exercising…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … Letter 4377 - Haeckel, E. P. A. to Darwin, [2 January 1864] Haeckel sends Darwin some …
  • … Letter 4436 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [26-27 March 1864] Darwin thanks Hooker for …
  • … Letter 4469 - Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, [20 April 1864] Hooker discusses the scientific …
  • … Letter 4472 - Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, [26 or 27 April 1864] Hooker once again discusses …

'An Appeal' against animal cruelty

Summary

The four-page pamphlet transcribed below and entitled 'An Appeal', was composed jointly by Emma and Charles Darwin (see letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, [29 September 1863]). The pamphlet, which protested against the cruelty of steel vermin…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Annual Report, 1864, p. 32; Animal World , 1 February …
  • … with the RSPCA; however, the RSPCA Annual Report for 1864 records that 'a benevolent lady, …
  • … the Royal Horticultural Gardens, South Kensington, in June 1864 ( The Times , 27 May 1864, p. 11, …
  • … Darwin 2: 200). Although the RSPCA considered in 1864 that many game preservers had …
  • … were 'awakening to its barbarity' (RSPCA Annual Report 1864, p. 32), the use of the steel …
  • … payments being recorded from 1854 to 1861, in 1863 and 1864, from 1871 to 1875, and in 1878 and 1880 …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Letter 4523 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [6 June 1864] Darwin’s niece, Lucy, responds …
  • … Letter 4436 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [26-27 March 1864] Darwin thanks Hooker for …
  • …  - Wright, Charles to Gray, A., [20, 25, 26 March & 1 April 1864] Charles Wright tells …

The Lyell–Lubbock dispute

Summary

In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…

Matches: 8 hits

  • … and Scotland (Lubbock 1862a, 1862b, and 1863a). In the July 1864 issue of Natural History Review …
  • … address for the British Association meeting at Bath in 1864 (C. Lyell 1864). 3  By …
  • … Darwin’s theory ([Lubbock] 1863b, p. 213).  In May 1864, Lubbock received a letter from …
  • … 3. Letters from Charles Lyell to John Lubbock, 22 February 1864 and 24 February 1864 (British …
  • … 12. Letter from Hugh Falconer to John Lubbock, 24 May [1864], in (British Library, Add. MSS 49640) …
  • … and gentlemen in the formation of the X Club, 1851–1864.  Isis  89: 410–44. Bynum, William …
  • … History Review  n.s. 3: 211–19. Lubbock, John. 1864. Cave-men.  Natural History Review  n …
  • … revised. London: John Murray. Lyell, Charles. 1864. Presidential address.  Report of the …

Evolution: Selected Letters of Charles Darwin 1860-1870

Summary

This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific colleagues around the world; letters by the critics who tried to stamp out his ideas, and by admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … & succeeding in India. John Scott to Darwin, 1864. I was astounded at …

Have you read the one about....

Summary

... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.

Matches: 1 hits

  • … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …

Science: A Man’s World?

Summary

Discussion Questions|Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth-century women participated in the world of science, be it as experimenters, observers, editors, critics, producers, or consumers. Despite this, much of the…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 4377 - Haeckel, E. P. A. to Darwin, [2 January 1864] Haeckel sends Darwin some …
  • … Letter 4441 - Becker, L. E. to Darwin, [30 March 1864] Lydia Becker sends Darwin a copy …

Scientific Networks

Summary

Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … Letter 4463 — Scott, John to Darwin, C. R., 14 Apr [1864] Scott thanks Darwin for his …
  • … Letter 4468 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 19 [Apr 1864] Darwin makes another plea to his …
  • … Letter 4469 — Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, C. R., 20 Apr 1864 Hooker again refuses to help Scott, …
  • … Letter 4471 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 25 Apr [1864] Darwin thinks his friend Kew …
  • … Letter 4611 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 13 Sept [1864] Darwin sends abstract of John Scott …
  • … Letter 4441 — Becker, Lydia to Darwin, C. R., 30 Mar 1864 Becker sends Darwin a copy of her …

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Civil War. DARWIN:  157   February 1864… My dear Gray. It is now six months since I …
  • … 1863 157  C DARWIN TO A GRAY 25 FEBRUARY 1864 158 C DARWIN TO A GRAY 28 …
  • … 27 OCTOBER 1862 168  TO ASA GRAY 29 OCTOBER 1864 169 FROM ASA GRAY 5 …

Darwin's notes for his physician, 1865

Summary

On 20 May 1865, Emma Darwin recorded in her diary that John Chapman, a prominent London publisher who had studied medicine in London and Paris in the early 1840s, visited Down to consult with Darwin about his ill health. In 1863 Chapman started to treat…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … a period of severe illness, which improved by March 1864 under the care of the physician William …
  • … his brain or heart to be ‘primarily affected’. In March 1864, Darwin began to consult Jenner, who …
  • … Correspondence vol. 12, letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 April [1864], letter from William Jenner to …

Darwin and Fatherhood

Summary

Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten children. It is often assumed that Darwin was an exceptional Victorian father. But how extraordinary was he? The Correspondence Project allows an unusually…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … daughter reveal (J. D. Hooker to Darwin,  16 September 1864 ). In addition to his fears for …

Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments

Summary

The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … for the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1864, had staunchly supported his candidacy, …
  • … to CD’s theory of transmutation, in or before November 1864 ( Correspondence vol. 12, letter to …
  • … ), and wrote up his results on his voyage to India in late 1864, despite suffering from sea-sickness …
  • … in learned societies and in the popular press. In December 1864, George Douglas Campbell, the duke …
  • … this and that modification of structure’ (G. D. Campbell 1864, pp. 275–6). Campbell argued further …

3.5 William Darwin, photo 2

Summary

< Back to Introduction Darwin’s son William, who had become a banker in Southampton, took the opportunity of a short visit home to Down House in April 1864 to photograph his father afresh. This half-length portrait was the first to show Darwin with a…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … the opportunity of a short visit home to Down House in April 1864 to photograph his father afresh. …
  • … among the prints that William posted to his father in May 1864, since the photograph subsequently …
  • … simply inscribed by hand on the back in pencil ‘C. Darwin 1864’ – the accuracy of the dating …
  • … Erasmus Darwin  
 date of creation April 1864 
 computer-readable date 1864-04 …
  • … William Darwin’s letter to his father [19 May 1864] sending prints of his recent photograph (DCP …

Darwin’s Photographic Portraits

Summary

Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of photography for the study of Expression and Emotions in Man and Animal, but can be witnessed in his many photographic portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … far more satisfied with the results. In 1860-61 and again in 1864 Charles Darwin sat for his eldest …
  • … photographs of Darwin.The years between 1860 and 1864 took a physical and emotional toll on Darwin, …
  • … and the Botany Libraries (left)  and  Charles Darwin, 1864, William Darwin, Dar 225:113, …
  • … took the first portrait with his ‘venerable beard’ in 1864. Image: Charles Darwin, 1881, …

Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small

Summary

In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … able to work’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, [ c . 10 April 1864] ). To the physician Henry Holland, …
  • … History every day’ ( letter to Henry Holland, 6 November [1864] ). Writing to the clergyman and …
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