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To T. H. Huxley   23 January [1863 or 1864]

Summary

THH’s efforts to obtain Copley Medal for CD fail. Thanks THH for kind words of sympathy.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  23 Jan [1863-4]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 254)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2662

Matches: 4 hits

  • … year (see Correspondence vol.  12, letter from Edward Sabine, 3 November 1864 ). …
  • … To T.  H.  Huxley   23 January [1863 or 1864] …
  • … Huxley 5: 254) Charles Robert Darwin Down 23 Jan 1863 23 Jan 1864 Thomas Henry Huxley …
  • … pp.  124, 160). CD was nominated again in 1864 and awarded the medal in November of that …

To Ernst Haeckel   30 December [1863] – 3 January [1864]

Summary

Will be proud to receive EH’s Die Radiolarien [1862].

Health continues very weak.

[P.S. 3 Jan] Has sent EH another letter by mistake.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Ernst Philipp August (Ernst) Haeckel
Date:  30 Dec [1863] – 3 Jan [1864]
Classmark:  Ernst-Haeckel-Haus (Bestand A-Abt. 1: 1026/1)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4361

Matches: 7 hits

  • … To Ernst Haeckel   30 December [1863] – 3 January [1864] …
  • … Robert Darwin Down 30 Dec [1863] – 3 Jan [1864] Ernst Philipp August (Ernst) Haeckel …
  • … the letter from Ernst Haeckel, 2 January 1864 ( Correspondence vol.  12). The letter from …
  • … 12, letter from Ernst Haeckel, 2 January 1864 . The letter intended for Falconer has not …
  • … to move from Berlin to Jena in January 1864; Haeckel was professor extraordinarius of …
  • … DSB , NDB ). See also Correspondence vol.  12, letter from Ernst Haeckel, 2 January 1864 . …
  • … of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 7 (1864): 69–83. [ Collected papers 2: 93–105. ] …

From Alfred Newton   31 October 1863

Summary

Tells CD where to pick up the partridge’s foot with the ball of earth attached; sends a copy of his remarks on the same. [See Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 3d ser. 13 (1864): 99–101.]

Author:  Alfred Newton
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  31 Oct 1863
Classmark:  DAR 172: 40
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4326

Matches: 7 hits

  • … copy of his remarks on the same. [See Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 3d ser. 13 (1864): 99–101. ] …
  • … also Correspondence vol.  12, letter to Alfred Newton, 29 March [1864] , and letter from …
  • … Alfred Newton, 2 April 1864 . Newton gave his reasons for concluding that the ball of clay …
  • … 12, letter to Alfred Newton, 29 March [1864] . Newton exhibited the foot of the partridge …
  • … also Correspondence vol.  12, letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 26[–7] March 1864 , and letter to …
  • … Alfred Newton, 29 March [1864] . The reference is to remarks on the specimen by Francis …
  • … 12, letter from Alfred Newton, 2 April 1864 , and n.  4, below. CD’s notes indicate that …

From George Maw   25 April 1863

Summary

Has obtained fossils from Gibraltar that he believes are human. Requests Lyell’s address so that he can send the bones.

Author:  George Maw
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  25 Apr 1863
Classmark:  DAR 171: 99
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4128

Matches: 7 hits

  • … near the Severn Gorge; he published an account of these drift deposits in Maw 1864 . Maw …
  • … listed these rocks and shells in Maw 1864 , pp.  137 and 140. …
  • … Bibliography Busk, George. 1864. On a very ancient human cranium from Gibraltar. Report of …
  • … reported (see Correspondence vol.  12, letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 26[–28] October 1864 , …
  • … Busk 1864 , and Grayson 1983 , p.  213). This individual has not been identified. Arthur …
  • … New York: Academic Press. Maw, George. 1864. Notes on the drift-deposits of the valley of …
  • … Dale and Bridgnorth. [Read 20 January 1864. ] Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society …

From J. D. Hooker to Emma Darwin   11 November 1863

Summary

Asks whether he ought to write to CD while he is ill.

Wonders if he might use Haast’s notes on introduced animals for a notice he is preparing ["Note on the replacement of species in the colonies and elsewhere", Nat. Hist. Rev. n.s. 4 (1864): 123–7].

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Emma Wedgwood; Emma Darwin
Date:  11 Nov 1863
Classmark:  DAR 101: 171–2
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4339

Matches: 6 hits

  • … of species in the colonies and elsewhere", Nat. Hist. Rev. n.s. 4 (1864): 123–7]. …
  • … D.  Hooker, 10 [November 1863] . Hooker’s account ( J.  D.  Hooker 1864 ) was published …
  • … in the January 1864 issue of the Natural History Review . Hooker refers to the botanist …
  • … was quoted at length in J.  D.  Hooker 1864 , p.  124. Hooker was well aware of CD’s …
  • … to new environments (see J.  D.  Hooker 1864 , p.  125, and letter to Julius von Haast, …
  • … of 10 [November 1863] . See J.  D.  Hooker 1864 , pp.  126–7, for his inclusion of Haast’s …

From George Varenne Reed   12 January 1863

Summary

Sorry CD considers Horace Darwin unfit for school.

Author:  George Varenne Reed
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  12 Jan 1863
Classmark:  DAR 176: 78
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3912

Matches: 4 hits

  • … for the period 19 April to 19 July 1864. …
  • … Darwin and the Reverend G. V. Reed, 1857–1864. Notes and Records of the Royal Society 32 ( …
  • … book (Down House MS), he was not tutored by Reed again until after Easter 1864. The next …
  • … payment to Reed was made on 16 August 1864 when he was paid £ 12 12 s. …

To J. D. Hooker   14 July [1863]

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Summary

Requests tendril-bearing plants.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  14 July [1863]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 200
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4241

Matches: 7 hits

  • … Natural History Review n.s. 3 (1863): 395–415; 4 (1864): 581–611. ‘Two forms in species of …
  • … of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 7 (1864): 69–83. [ Collected papers 2: 93–105. ] …
  • … namely: Echinocystis lobata , dated 16 June – 24 May 1864 (DAR 157.2: 29–51 and …
  • … 53); Hanburya mexicana , dated 12 October [1864] (DAR 157.2: 52); Anguria …
  • … warscewiczii , dated 29 April 1864, and Zanonia indica , dated …
  • … 11 April and 20 May [1864] (DAR 157.2: 54). There are also notes …
  • … flower), dated 27 [July 1863] – 4 August [1864] (DAR 157.2: 69–77); Ampelopsis hederacea ( …

From Hermann Crüger   23 February 1863

Summary

Will observe fertilisation of melastomads as CD requests.

Observations on fertilisation by ants.

Detailed observations on sexes in Catasetum, which were made before he received Orchids and which differ from CD’s findings.

Author:  Hermann Crüger
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  23 Feb 1863
Classmark:  DAR 161: 275
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4008

Matches: 7 hits

  • … by bees (see Correspondence vol.  12, letter from Hermann Crüger, 21 January 1864 ; see …
  • … also Crüger 1864 , pp.  127–9, and Orchids , 2d ed. , pp.  205–6). Catasetum tridentatum …
  • … University Press. 1985–. Crüger, Hermann. 1864. A few notes on the fecundation of …
  • … and their morphology. [Read 3 March 1864. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 8 ( …
  • … in a paper communicated by CD to the Linnean Society , which was read on 3 March 1864 ( …
  • … Crüger 1864 , p.  131). In the paper, Crüger revised his opinion that ants were …
  • … Scott, 24 March [1863] . CD cited Crüger 1864  in ‘Fertilization of orchids’ , p.  152 ( …

From Hermann Crüger   8 August 1863

Summary

Thanks for presentation copy of Linum paper [Collected papers 2: 93–105].

Ficus experiments confirm CD’s supposition that insects visit Melastoma for nectar, but HC thinks pollen-seekers fertilise the flowers.

Maranta fertilisation.

Author:  Hermann Crüger
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  8 Aug 1863
Classmark:  DAR 161: 277, 277/1
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4265

Matches: 8 hits

  • … grandiflora , and Gongora maculata in Crüger 1864 , pp.  127–31. CD cited Crüger’s work …
  • … Catasetum with his letter of 21 January 1864 ( Correspondence vol.  12). CD’s note is on a …
  • … London: John Murray. 1876. Crüger, Hermann. 1864. A few notes on the fecundation of …
  • … and their morphology. [Read 3 March 1864. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 8 ( …
  • … of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 7 (1864): 69–83. [ Collected papers 2: 93–105. ] …
  • … letter from Hermann Crüger, 21 January 1864 . See letter to Hermann Crüger, 25 January [ …
  • … his observations on Catasetum in his letter of 21 January 1864 ( Correspondence vol.  12). …
  • … See also Crüger 1864 , pp.  127–9; ‘Fertilization of orchids’ , p.  154 ( Collected papers …

From Emma Darwin to Friedrich Hildebrand   20 November [1863]

Summary

ED writes on behalf of her husband, who is ill, to thank FH for his letter

and to thank [L. C.] Treviranus for his paper on orchids.

CD wishes to know whether Orchis pyramidalis grows in FH’s neighbourhood. He needs a fresh specimen to compare the stigma with those grown locally.

Author:  Emma Wedgwood; Emma Darwin
Addressee:  Friedrich Hermann Gustav (Friedrich) Hildebrand
Date:  20 Nov [1863]
Classmark:  Courtesy of Eilo Hildebrand (photocopy) (Original, previously owned by Klaus Groove, sold by Venator and Hanstein, Cologne (dealers), 16 March 2018.)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4343F

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Friedrich Hildebrand, 25 June [1864] . …
  • … Correspondence vol.  12, letter from Friedrich Hildebrand, 21 June 1864 , and letter to …

From John Scott   21 September [1863]

Summary

Sends Primula MS, which CD has promised to communicate to Linnean Society [see 4213].

Will soon send results on peloric Antirrhinum.

Author:  John Scott
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  21 Sept [1863]
Classmark:  DAR 177: 96
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4301

Matches: 6 hits

  • … Linnean Society ; it was read on 4 February 1864. Scott 1863a . CD’s copy of this paper is …
  • … letter from John Scott, [13 January 1864] . CD had suggested that Scott conduct crossing …
  • … CD the results from his experiments in 1864, but they differed from CD’s own, and were not …
  • … in Variation (see Correspondence vol.  12, letters from John Scott , 19 March 1864 , 10  …
  • … June [1864] , and …
  • … 20 June [1864] , and Variation 2: 166–7). At CD’s suggestion, Scott had undertaken to …

From J. D. Hooker   20 April 1863

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Summary

Attacks by Falconer [Athenæum 4 Apr 1863, pp. 459–60] and Joseph Prestwich on Lyell.

W. B. Carpenter fails to attack Owen.

Welwitschia male cones with useless ovules marvellous example of lost function and retained structure.

JDH evaluates his sons.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  20 Apr 1863
Classmark:  DAR 101: 128–31; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Director’s correspondence 174 (New Zealand letters, 1854–1900): 281–2)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4111

Matches: 9 hits

  • … of the Linnean Society (Botany) 7 (1864): xi–xxix. Carpenter, William Benjamin. 1862. …
  • … of the New Zealand flora , published in 1864, Discaria are described as ‘spiny shrubs or …
  • … small trees’ ( J.  D.  Hooker 1864–7 , p.  43). In his letter to Haast of 18 September  …
  • … Botanic Gardens, Kew (J.  D.  Hooker, 1864–7, p.  12). In late 1862, Canterbury province …
  • … F.  J.  von Haast 1862b , pp.  128–31). In 1864 Haast changed his mind, partly because the …
  • … the New Zealand flora ( J.  D.  Hooker 1864–7 ), which supplemented J.  D.  Hooker 1853– …
  • … 295–8. In the preface to J.  D.  Hooker, 1864–7, p.  12, Hooker paid tribute to the number …
  • … of New Zealand flora ( J.  D.  Hooker 1864–7 ) was discussed in his letter to CD of 6  …
  • … 24 (1863–4): 1–48. Hooker, Joseph Dalton. 1864–7. Handbook of the New Zealand flora: a …

From Hermann Crüger   23 April 1863

Summary

Observations on Catasetum.

Figs require insects in order to set seed.

Author:  Hermann Crüger
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  23 Apr 1863
Classmark:  DAR 161: 276, DAR 205.8: 68 (Letters)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4124

Matches: 6 hits

  • … Zeitung 9: 57–63, 73–80. Crüger, Hermann. 1864. A few notes on the fecundation of …
  • … and their morphology. [Read 3 March 1864. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 8 ( …
  • … labellum’. See Correspondence vol.  12, letter from Hermann Crüger, 21 January 1864 , and …
  • … Crüger 1864 . Crüger refers to the section on Epidendrums in Lindley 1852–5 . Numbers 60– …
  • … heavyfruit butterfly orchid). See Crüger 1864 , Orchids 2d ed. , pp.  147–8, and letter …
  • … 12, letter from Hermann Crüger, 21 January 1864 . Crüger refers to Origin , Orchids , and …

From Edward Sabine to John Phillips   12 November 1863

Summary

Preparation for his address with particular concern that JP approve the part relating to [Adam] Sedgwick. Urges JP to sit at dinner with him as a sign of approval of the award [of the Copley Medal].

Admits his own dismay regarding the efforts of the younger geologists and zoologists to obtain the Copley Medal for CD on the grounds of the Origin and his anxiety about the next year’s award.

Author:  Edward Sabine
Addressee:  John Phillips
Date:  12 Nov 1863
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Misc. MS collection: Mss.Ms.Coll.200)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4340F

Matches: 3 hits

  • … pp.  104–9. CD received the Copley Medal in 1864. See, for example, Correspondence vol.   …
  • … 12, letter from Edward Sabine, 3 November 1864 , and letter from …
  • … Charles Lyell, 4 November 1864 . …

From John Lubbock   14 October 1863

Summary

Is working on a notice for the Natural History Review [n.s. 4 (1864): 37–43] of Huxley’s lectures to working men on the origin of species.

Author:  John Lubbock, 4th baronet and 1st Baron Avebury
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  14 Oct 1863
Classmark:  DAR 170: 41
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4320

Matches: 3 hits

  • … for the Natural History Review [n.s. 4 (1864): 37–43] of Huxley’s lectures to working men …
  • … lectures to working men ( T. H.  Huxley 1863a ) appeared in the January 1864 number of the …
  • … Natural History Review ( [Lubbock] 1864 ). Lubbock refers to the anonymous review of …

From W. E. Darwin   [28 June 1863?]

Summary

Sends description of Chrysosplene, asks about glands.

Author:  William Erasmus Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [28 June 1863?]
Classmark:  Cornford Family Papers (DAR 275: 11)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3894F

Matches: 3 hits

  • … W. E. Darwin, 29 [March – June 1863 or 1864? ] ( Correspondence vol. 11), which should now …
  • … had moved from Carlton Terrace by 18 June 1864 (see this volume, Supplement, letter from …
  • … W. E. Darwin, 18 June [1864] ). The Sunday before 29 June 1863 was 28 June. Chrysosplene: …

From A. C. Ramsay   6 May 1863

Summary

Glad CD likes his Presidential Address to Geological Society [1863].

Will continue the practice [of discussing the break in succession of strata].

Has devised a diagram showing number of genera and species in each geological formation and the number that pass from formation to formation.

Describes the glaciated terrain of S. Wales.

Author:  Andrew Crombie Ramsay
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  6 May 1863
Classmark:  DAR 176: 11
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4143

Matches: 6 hits

  • … of the Geological Society from 1862 to 1864 ( DNB ). CD had also encouraged Ramsay to …
  • … n.  7, below. Ramsay’s presidential address for 1864 discussed breaks in succession in …
  • … the British Mesozoic strata ( Ramsay 1864 ). Ramsay refers to the Italian geologist …
  • … another in Mesozoic strata in his presidential address to the Geological Society in 1864 ( …
  • … Ramsay 1864 ). The lines on the graph represent the number of genera and species found in …
  • … between geological formations ( Ramsay 1864 ). The reference is to the Canadian geologist …

From Roland Trimen   16 March 1863

Summary

RT has sent his observations on orchids to CD. Has found only one case of an insect with a pollinium adhering to it.

Author:  Roland Trimen
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  16 Mar 1863
Classmark:  DAR 70: 180, DAR 178: 184
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4046

Matches: 5 hits

  • … June 1863. ] Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 7 (1864): 144–7. …
  • … Trimen, Roland. 1864. On the structure of Bonatea speciosa , Linn. sp. , …
  • … to its fertilisation. [Read 1 December 1864. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) …
  • … vol.  12, letter to Roland Trimen, 25 November 1864 ), and published a paper …
  • … on the species ( Trimen 1864 ). See also ‘Fertilization of orchids’ , p.  157 ( Collected …

To Roland Trimen   31 January [1863]

Summary

Thanks RT for his letter and MS.

Is astonished by the different forms of orchids he describes.

Urges RT to describe and experiment with two or three of the more distinct genera.

"I believe, or am inclined to believe in one or very few primordial forms, from community of structure and early embryonic resemblances in each great class."

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Roland Trimen
Date:  31 Jan [1863]
Classmark:  Royal Entomological Society (Trimen papers, box 21: 78)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3956

Matches: 4 hits

  • … June 1863. ] Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 7 (1864): 144–7. …
  • … Trimen, Roland. 1864. On the structure of Bonatea speciosa , Linn. sp. , …
  • … to its fertilisation. [Read 1 December 1864. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) …
  • … of the flower of Bonatea in Trimen 1864 ; there is an annotated copy of this paper in the …

To Roland Trimen   27 August [1863]

Summary

Discusses methods of pollination in orchids.

Thinks RT should investigate Physianthus to see if it requires insect aid for fertilisation as the Asclepiadaceae do.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Roland Trimen
Date:  27 Aug [1863]
Classmark:  Royal Entomological Society (Trimen papers, box 21: 57)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4279

Matches: 5 hits

  • … of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 7 (1864): 144–7. ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’: On …
  • … of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 7 (1864): 69–83. [ Collected papers 2: 93–105. ] …
  • … By Charles Darwin. [Read 16 June 1864. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 8 ( …
  • … before the Linnean Society on 16 June 1864 and published in Journal of the Proceedings …
  • … Linnean Society (Botany) in December 1864 ( General index to the Journal of the Linnean …
Document type
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Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health

Summary

On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’.  Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…

Matches: 30 hits

  • … Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864 : ‘the venerable beard gives the …
  • … Darwin corresponded little during the first three months of 1864, dictating nearly all his letters …
  • … had consulted in 1863. In a letter of 26[–7] March [1864] , Darwin exclaimed to his close friend, …
  • … letters of advice from Jenner. In a letter of 15 December [1864] to the surgeon and naturalist …
  • … his cousin William Darwin Fox in a letter of 30 November [1864] , ‘the Copley being open to all …
  • …  five years earlier. His primary botanical preoccupation in 1864 was climbing plants. He had become …
  • … ( Correspondence  vol. 11). In a letter of [27 January 1864] , Darwin wrote to Hooker: ‘The …
  • …  produce tendrils’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [8 February 1864] ). Darwin’s excitement about his …
  • … & therefore sacred’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 2 June [1864] ). When Darwin asked Oliver …
  • … light of axioms’ ( letter from Daniel Oliver, [17 March 1864] ). Though Darwin replied with his …
  • … . . .’ When he told Asa Gray in a letter of 29 October [1864] that he was continuing to study …
  • … addition to his work on climbing plants, Darwin engaged in 1864 in botanical observations and …
  • … were produced. Continuing from these earlier studies, in 1864 he conducted crossing experiments …
  • … in causing sterility both within and between species in his 1864 paper, ‘Three forms of Lythrum …
  • … trimorphic  Lythrum , and when his health permitted in 1864 he drew up the results (see …
  • … Darwin remarked to Hooker in a letter of 26 November [1864] that nothing had interested him so …
  • … species with the common oxlip. In a letter of 22 October [1864] , Darwin triumphantly wrote to …
  • … flowers ). A household enterprise Darwin’s 1864 correspondence with family members …
  • … Forms of flowers . The greatest assistance in 1864, however, was provided by William, Darwin …
  • … minute and painstaking observations, writing on 14 April [1864] , ‘I can do as much pollen work …
  • … letter from Emma and Charles Darwin to W. E. Darwin, [20 May 1864] ), or his excitement when he …
  • … for my stomach’ ( letter to Daniel Oliver, 17 February [1864] ). Darwin was also impressed …
  • … to inspire the research of others as well; he influenced the 1864 publication of a paper by another …
  • … publish his new material on them. Nevertheless, his work in 1864 contributed to his 1869 paper …
  • … continuing identification of insect pollinators in 1864 and following years. John Scott again …
  • … on the orchid  Oncidium  to the Linnean Society in 1864 (Scott 1864b). Recognising Scott’s skills …
  • … paid by Darwin himself ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [1 April 1864] ). Hooker’s series of …
  • … over  them’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [2 April 1864] ). Hooker warned Darwin: ‘Do pray …
  • … careful treatment’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 8 April 1864 ). Nevertheless, Hooker solicited and …
  • … hastening the fall’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 20 April 1864 ). In his reply of 25 April [1864] …

Darwin's health

Summary

On 28 March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend Joseph Hooker from Great Malvern in Worcestershire, where Dr James Manby Gully ran a fashionable water-cure establishment. Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to…

Matches: 9 hits

  • … of a fashionable spinal ice treatment. In April 1864, Darwin attributed his improved health to Dr …
  • … gaining vigour .’ (letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 April [1864] ) Why was Darwin’s so ill? …
  • … vol. 12, letter to F. T. Buckland, 15 December [1864] ). On Darwin’s early stomach …
  • … vol. 4). Throughout the winter of 1863 and spring of 1864, he was sick almost daily (see …
  • … Chapman.  In a letter to J. D. Hooker, [20-] 22 February [1864] ( Correspondence vol. 12), …
  • … in Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242) on several occasions in 1864 and 1865. ‘Bad hysteria & sickness …
  • … 12, letter from Emma Darwin to J. D. Hooker, 17 March [1864] . Treatments and medications …
  • … doses of chalk, magnesia, and other antacids in March 1864 (see Emma Darwin’s diary, DAR 242, and n. …
  • … vol. 12, letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 April [1864] ). …

Darwin’s hothouse and lists of hothouse plants

Summary

Darwin became increasingly involved in botanical experiments in the years after the publication of Origin. The building of a small hothouse - a heated greenhouse - early in 1863  greatly increased the range of plants that he could keep for scientific…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … an important focus for his experiments. By the spring of 1864, he was thinking of expansion, telling …
  • …  vol. 12, letter to J. D. Hooker, 26[–7] March 1864 ). The plan was quickly set in motion, and …
  • … the work, while William Ledger did the building. By August 1864, he had spent £126 10s. on the new …
  • … was replaced after Darwin’s death, and one section of the 1864 greenhouse was subsequently …
  • …  vol. 12, letter to J. D. Hooker, [25 January 1864] ). In view of the importance of Darwin …

Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex

Summary

The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … the mating process. In a letter to Alfred Russel Wallace in 1864, Darwin claimed that sexual …
  • … (Correspondence vol. 12, letter to A. R. Wallace, 28 [May 1864] ). Darwin’s theory of …

Diagrams and drawings in letters

Summary

Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … W. E. Darwin's observations on  Pulmonaria ,  14 April [1864] Ernst Haeckel's …

Natural Science and Femininity

Summary

Discussion Questions|Letters A conflation of masculine intellect and feminine thoughts, habits and feelings, male naturalists like Darwin inhabited an uncertain gendered identity. Working from the private domestic comfort of their homes and exercising…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … Letter 4377 - Haeckel, E. P. A. to Darwin, [2 January 1864] Haeckel sends Darwin some …
  • … Letter 4436 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [26-27 March 1864] Darwin thanks Hooker for …
  • … Letter 4469 - Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, [20 April 1864] Hooker discusses the scientific …
  • … Letter 4472 - Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, [26 or 27 April 1864] Hooker once again discusses …

'An Appeal' against animal cruelty

Summary

The four-page pamphlet transcribed below and entitled 'An Appeal', was composed jointly by Emma and Charles Darwin (see letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, [29 September 1863]). The pamphlet, which protested against the cruelty of steel vermin…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Annual Report, 1864, p. 32; Animal World , 1 February …
  • … with the RSPCA; however, the RSPCA Annual Report for 1864 records that 'a benevolent lady, …
  • … the Royal Horticultural Gardens, South Kensington, in June 1864 ( The Times , 27 May 1864, p. 11, …
  • … Darwin 2: 200). Although the RSPCA considered in 1864 that many game preservers had …
  • … were 'awakening to its barbarity' (RSPCA Annual Report 1864, p. 32), the use of the steel …
  • … payments being recorded from 1854 to 1861, in 1863 and 1864, from 1871 to 1875, and in 1878 and 1880 …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Letter 4523 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [6 June 1864] Darwin’s niece, Lucy, responds …
  • … Letter 4436 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [26-27 March 1864] Darwin thanks Hooker for …
  • …  - Wright, Charles to Gray, A., [20, 25, 26 March & 1 April 1864] Charles Wright tells …

The Lyell–Lubbock dispute

Summary

In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…

Matches: 8 hits

  • … and Scotland (Lubbock 1862a, 1862b, and 1863a). In the July 1864 issue of Natural History Review …
  • … address for the British Association meeting at Bath in 1864 (C. Lyell 1864). 3  By …
  • … Darwin’s theory ([Lubbock] 1863b, p. 213).  In May 1864, Lubbock received a letter from …
  • … 3. Letters from Charles Lyell to John Lubbock, 22 February 1864 and 24 February 1864 (British …
  • … 12. Letter from Hugh Falconer to John Lubbock, 24 May [1864], in (British Library, Add. MSS 49640) …
  • … and gentlemen in the formation of the X Club, 1851–1864.  Isis  89: 410–44. Bynum, William …
  • … History Review  n.s. 3: 211–19. Lubbock, John. 1864. Cave-men.  Natural History Review  n …
  • … revised. London: John Murray. Lyell, Charles. 1864. Presidential address.  Report of the …

Evolution: Selected Letters of Charles Darwin 1860-1870

Summary

This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific colleagues around the world; letters by the critics who tried to stamp out his ideas, and by admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … & succeeding in India. John Scott to Darwin, 1864. I was astounded at …

Have you read the one about....

Summary

... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.

Matches: 1 hits

  • … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …

Science: A Man’s World?

Summary

Discussion Questions|Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth-century women participated in the world of science, be it as experimenters, observers, editors, critics, producers, or consumers. Despite this, much of the…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 4377 - Haeckel, E. P. A. to Darwin, [2 January 1864] Haeckel sends Darwin some …
  • … Letter 4441 - Becker, L. E. to Darwin, [30 March 1864] Lydia Becker sends Darwin a copy …

Scientific Networks

Summary

Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … Letter 4463 — Scott, John to Darwin, C. R., 14 Apr [1864] Scott thanks Darwin for his …
  • … Letter 4468 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 19 [Apr 1864] Darwin makes another plea to his …
  • … Letter 4469 — Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, C. R., 20 Apr 1864 Hooker again refuses to help Scott, …
  • … Letter 4471 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 25 Apr [1864] Darwin thinks his friend Kew …
  • … Letter 4611 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 13 Sept [1864] Darwin sends abstract of John Scott …
  • … Letter 4441 — Becker, Lydia to Darwin, C. R., 30 Mar 1864 Becker sends Darwin a copy of her …

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Civil War. DARWIN:  157   February 1864… My dear Gray. It is now six months since I …
  • … 1863 157  C DARWIN TO A GRAY 25 FEBRUARY 1864 158 C DARWIN TO A GRAY 28 …
  • … 27 OCTOBER 1862 168  TO ASA GRAY 29 OCTOBER 1864 169 FROM ASA GRAY 5 …

Darwin's notes for his physician, 1865

Summary

On 20 May 1865, Emma Darwin recorded in her diary that John Chapman, a prominent London publisher who had studied medicine in London and Paris in the early 1840s, visited Down to consult with Darwin about his ill health. In 1863 Chapman started to treat…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … a period of severe illness, which improved by March 1864 under the care of the physician William …
  • … his brain or heart to be ‘primarily affected’. In March 1864, Darwin began to consult Jenner, who …
  • … Correspondence vol. 12, letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 April [1864], letter from William Jenner to …

Darwin and Fatherhood

Summary

Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten children. It is often assumed that Darwin was an exceptional Victorian father. But how extraordinary was he? The Correspondence Project allows an unusually…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … daughter reveal (J. D. Hooker to Darwin,  16 September 1864 ). In addition to his fears for …

Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments

Summary

The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … for the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1864, had staunchly supported his candidacy, …
  • … to CD’s theory of transmutation, in or before November 1864 ( Correspondence vol. 12, letter to …
  • … ), and wrote up his results on his voyage to India in late 1864, despite suffering from sea-sickness …
  • … in learned societies and in the popular press. In December 1864, George Douglas Campbell, the duke …
  • … this and that modification of structure’ (G. D. Campbell 1864, pp. 275–6). Campbell argued further …

3.5 William Darwin, photo 2

Summary

< Back to Introduction Darwin’s son William, who had become a banker in Southampton, took the opportunity of a short visit home to Down House in April 1864 to photograph his father afresh. This half-length portrait was the first to show Darwin with a…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … the opportunity of a short visit home to Down House in April 1864 to photograph his father afresh. …
  • … among the prints that William posted to his father in May 1864, since the photograph subsequently …
  • … simply inscribed by hand on the back in pencil ‘C. Darwin 1864’ – the accuracy of the dating …
  • … Erasmus Darwin  
 date of creation April 1864 
 computer-readable date 1864-04 …
  • … William Darwin’s letter to his father [19 May 1864] sending prints of his recent photograph (DCP …

Darwin’s Photographic Portraits

Summary

Darwin was a photography enthusiast. This is evident not only in his use of photography for the study of Expression and Emotions in Man and Animal, but can be witnessed in his many photographic portraits and in the extensive portrait correspondence that…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … far more satisfied with the results. In 1860-61 and again in 1864 Charles Darwin sat for his eldest …
  • … photographs of Darwin.The years between 1860 and 1864 took a physical and emotional toll on Darwin, …
  • … and the Botany Libraries (left)  and  Charles Darwin, 1864, William Darwin, Dar 225:113, …
  • … took the first portrait with his ‘venerable beard’ in 1864. Image: Charles Darwin, 1881, …

Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small

Summary

In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … able to work’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, [ c . 10 April 1864] ). To the physician Henry Holland, …
  • … History every day’ ( letter to Henry Holland, 6 November [1864] ). Writing to the clergyman and …
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