To Fritz Müller 23 February 1881
Summary
CD interested by FM’s facts on movement of plants; has sent some to Nature ["Movement of leaves", Collected papers 2: 228–9]. Greatly admires FM’s work. Suggests an experiment to investigate movement in Phyllanthus.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
| Date: | 23 Feb 1881 |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 49) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13064 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … to penetrate these. Crüger died in Trinidad on 28 February 1864; his last letter to CD was …
- … fertilisation of figs. In his letter of 21 January 1864 ( Correspondence vol. 12), Crüger …
- … that of 21 January 1864 (see ibid. , letter to J. D. …
- … Hooker, 25 April [1864] and n. 6). See letter from Fritz Müller, 9 January 1881 and n. 1. …
To Fritz Müller 17 October [1865]
Summary
Is sending FM’s two letters on climbing plants as a paper to the Linnean Society ["Notes on some of the climbing plants near Desterro, in south Brazil", J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.) 9 (1867): 344–9].
Adaptations for pollination in Catasetum.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
| Date: | 17 Oct [1865] |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 3) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4916 |
Matches: 3 hits
- … from Hermann Crüger, 21 January 1864 , and letter to Daniel Oliver, 17 February [1864] . …
- … Correspondence vol. 12, letter from Hermann Crüger, 21 January 1864 and nn. 1 and 5. In …
- … 1864 , p. 131). Crüger sent CD several specimens, including a humble bee, along with his paper, which CD submitted to the Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ); see Correspondence vol. 12, letter …
To Fritz Müller 20 September [1865]
Summary
Thanks for interesting letter on climbing plants.
FM’s view on Anelasma seems probable.
Difficulty quoted by FM from A. Agassiz on embryology of Echinodermata is quite beyond CD.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
| Date: | 20 Sept [1865] |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 2) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4895 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … vol. 12, letter from Hermann Crüger, 21 January 1864 , and letter to Daniel …
- … Oliver, 17 February [1864] . The letter from Müller of 12 August 1865 is incomplete. The …
- … of cirri. In a letter to Max Johann Sigismund Schultze of 10 November 1864 , Müller had …
- … 1864 , he had suggested to Müller that Anelasma might represent a connecting link between Rhizocephala and other cirripedes (see letter …
- … 1864 ) was translated into English, some additional material was added, including Müller’s hypothesis on the relation of branched filaments to cement ducts and root-like tubes (see enclosure to letter …
To Fritz Müller 16 March [1868]
Summary
CD arranging for a translation of FM’s Für Darwin by W. S. Dallas.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
| Date: | 16 Mar [1868] |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 22) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6014 |
To Fritz Müller 7 February [1867]
Summary
CD’s Variation is in printer’s hands.
Orchid self-sterility.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
| Date: | 7 Feb [1867] |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 12) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5393 |
To Fritz Müller 22 February [1867]
Summary
Observations on orchid self-sterility.
Wants information on characters that may have originated through sexual selection in lower animals.
Encloses queries on expression.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
| Date: | 22 Feb [1867] |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 13) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5410 |
Matches: 3 hits
- … Correspondence vol. 12, letter to Daniel Oliver, 18 March [1864] , and ‘Fertilization of …
- … Correspondence vol. 12, letter to A. R. Wallace, 28 [May 1864] ). He had only recently …
- … letter from Fritz Müller, 1 January 1867 and nn. 17–19. CD had briefly discussed sexual selection in Origin , pp. 87–90, 197–200. He had also discussed sexual selection with Alfred Russel Wallace in 1864, …
To Fritz Müller 10 August [1865]
Summary
Has read and admires FM’s work on species.
Observations on Crustacea are good and original; asks FM to dissect and check some of CD’s observations on cirripedes.
Has sent "Climbing plants" paper [J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 9 (1865): 1–118] and would like to send Orchids.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
| Date: | 10 Aug [1865] |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 1) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4881 |
Matches: 3 hits
- … see Correspondence vol. 12, letter to Ernst Haeckel, 21 November [1864] and n. 6). The …
- … Correspondence vol. 12, letter to J. D. Hooker, 26 November [1864] and n. 4. CD refers …
- … 1864 , pp. 13–19 and Dallas trans. 1869, pp. 20–9). The absence of intermediate forms was explained by the lack of any advantage conferred by such hypothetical forms. CD added this information to Origin 4th ed. , pp. 50 and 288. CD sent ‘Two forms in species of Linum ’ , and ‘Three forms of Lythrum salicaria ’ ; the last-named concerns trimorphism (see letter …
To Fritz Müller 11 February 1868
Summary
Is working on sexual selection and is interested in any anomalous sex ratios in lower animals and any sex-related characters.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
| Date: | 11 Feb 1868 |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 21) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5860 |
To Fritz Müller [before 10 December 1866]
Summary
Hildebrand’s paper on trimorphism in Oxalis ["Über den Trimorphismus in der Gattung Oxalis", Monatsber. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin (1866): 352–74].
Problems of explaining brightly coloured, attractive seeds.
Haeckel has visited Down.
FM’s climbing plants paper is printed [J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.) 9 (1867): 344–9].
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
| Date: | [before 10 Dec 1866] |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 10) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5261 |
Matches: 2 hits
- … see Correspondence vol. 12, letter from John Scott, 28 March 1864 and n. 9). Müller had …
- … letter from Fritz Müller, 1 and 3 October 1866 . CD included Müller’s estimate of the number of seeds in Maxillaria in Variation 2: 379, in ‘Fertilization of orchids’ , p. 158 ( Collected papers 2: 155), and in Orchids 2d ed. , p. 278. In 1864, …
To Fritz Müller 13 February 1874
Summary
Has sent FM’s letter on termites to Nature ["Habits of various insects", Nature 10 (1874): 102–3].
Would be interested in observations on the stingless bees of Brazil.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
| Date: | 13 Feb 1874 |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 37) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-9288 |
To Fritz Müller 3 April [1868]
Summary
Movement in plants.
Dimorphism.
Would welcome FM’s opinion of Pangenesis.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
| Date: | 3 Apr [1868] |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 23) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6085 |
To Fritz Müller 17 August 1868
Summary
FM’s additions for English edition [1869] of Für Darwin.
Dimorphic plants.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
| Date: | 17 Aug 1868 |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 25) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6320 |
To Fritz Müller 11 January 1866
Summary
Has read FM’s paper on sponges ["Über Darwinella aurea", Arch. Miskrosk. Anat. 1 (1865): 344–53] with interest.
Has also read FM’s work on the metamorphoses of Peneus [Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 3d ser. 14 (1864): 104–15], an interesting and important embryological discovery.
CD regards Louis Agassiz’s opinions as valueless.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
| Date: | 11 Jan 1866 |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 5) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-4972 |
To Fritz Müller 28 November 1868
Summary
Delay in translating Für Darwin.
Comments on plan to repeat CD’s experiments on illegitimate offspring.
FM’s observations on stridulation.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
| Date: | 28 Nov 1868 |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 26) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6483 |
To Fritz Müller 25 September 1873
Summary
Seedling vigour resulting from crossing of parents.
CD to publish work on insectivorous plants.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
| Date: | 25 Sept 1873 |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 35) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-9067 |
To Fritz Müller 28 August 1870
Summary
Mimicry in Lepidoptera.
Sexual selection.
The Franco-Prussian war.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
| Date: | 28 Aug 1870 |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 33) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7310 |
To Fritz Müller 23 May 1866
Summary
Thanks for information on orchids
and facts on coastal flora and fauna.
Asks FM to look out for dimorphic aquatic and marsh plants.
Has read pamphlets "in our favour" by Carl v. Nägeli and Oscar Schmidt.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
| Date: | 23 May 1866 |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 7) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5097 |
Matches: 2 hits
- … letters to Schultze and Hermann Müller . Hermann Crüger had argued that the ‘production and multiplication of vascular cords and their distribution’ was related to ‘physiologic activity’ ( Crüger 1864 , …
- … 1864 to Orchids 2d ed. , p. 235, while maintaining his former claim. The drawings have not been found. See letter …
To Fritz Müller [9 and] 15 April [1866]
Summary
Structure of Scaevola and its fertilisation with insect aid.
Fertilisation of Aristolochia.
FM’s paper on climbing plants [see 5146].
Is preparing new edition of Origin.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
| Date: | 9 and 15 Apr 1866 |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 6) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-5050 |
To Fritz Müller 24 July 1878
Summary
Thanks for seeds
and information about earthworms.
Is working hard at movement in plants.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
| Date: | 24 July 1878 |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 47) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11626 |
| letter | (19) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (19) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (19) |
| Müller, Fritz | (19) |
Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health
Summary
On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’. Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…
Matches: 1 hits
- … On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July …
Darwin's health
Summary
On 28 March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend Joseph Hooker from Great Malvern in Worcestershire, where Dr James Manby Gully ran a fashionable water-cure establishment. Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to…
Matches: 1 hits
- … On 28 March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend …
Darwin’s hothouse and lists of hothouse plants
Summary
Darwin became increasingly involved in botanical experiments in the years after the publication of Origin. The building of a small hothouse - a heated greenhouse - early in 1863 greatly increased the range of plants that he could keep for scientific…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Towards the end of 1862, Darwin resolved to build a small hothouse at Down House, for …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants …
Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex
Summary
The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…
Matches: 1 hits
- … On 6 March 1868, Darwin wrote to the entomologist and accountant John Jenner Weir, ‘If …
Natural Science and Femininity
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters A conflation of masculine intellect and feminine thoughts, habits and feelings, male naturalists like Darwin inhabited an uncertain gendered identity. Working from the private domestic comfort of their homes and exercising…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Discussion Questions | Letters A conflation of masculine intellect and feminine …
Diagrams and drawings in letters
Summary
Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have …
'An Appeal' against animal cruelty
Summary
The four-page pamphlet transcribed below and entitled 'An Appeal', was composed jointly by Emma and Charles Darwin (see letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, [29 September 1863]). The pamphlet, which protested against the cruelty of steel vermin…
Matches: 1 hits
- … The four-page pamphlet transcribed below and entitled 'An Appeal', was composed jointly by Emma …
Scientific Networks
Summary
Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Friendship | Mentors | Class | Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific …
The Lyell–Lubbock dispute
Summary
In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book Prehistoric times, accused Lyell of plagiarism. The dispute caused great dismay among many of their mutual scientific friends, some of whom took immediate action…
Matches: 1 hits
- … In May 1865 a dispute arose between John Lubbock and Charles Lyell when Lubbock, in his book …
Science: A Man’s World?
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth-century women participated in the world of science, be it as experimenters, observers, editors, critics, producers, or consumers. Despite this, much of the…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Discussion Questions | Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth …
Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments
Summary
The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…
Matches: 1 hits
- … In 1865, the chief work on Charles Darwin’s mind was the writing of The variation of animals and …
Evolution: Selected Letters of Charles Darwin 1860-1870
Summary
This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific colleagues around the world; letters by the critics who tried to stamp out his ideas, and by admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of…
Matches: 1 hits
- … This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific …
Dramatisation script
Summary
Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007
Matches: 1 hits
- … Re: Design – performance version – 25 March 2007 – 1 Re: Design – Adaptation of the …
Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small
Summary
In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…
Matches: 1 hits
- … In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and …
Darwin's notes for his physician, 1865
Summary
On 20 May 1865, Emma Darwin recorded in her diary that John Chapman, a prominent London publisher who had studied medicine in London and Paris in the early 1840s, visited Down to consult with Darwin about his ill health. In 1863 Chapman started to treat…
Matches: 1 hits
- … On 20 May 1865, Emma Darwin recorded in her diary that John Chapman, a prominent London publisher …
Darwin and Fatherhood
Summary
Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten children. It is often assumed that Darwin was an exceptional Victorian father. But how extraordinary was he? The Correspondence Project allows an unusually…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten …
3.5 William Darwin, photo 2
Summary
< Back to Introduction Darwin’s son William, who had become a banker in Southampton, took the opportunity of a short visit home to Down House in April 1864 to photograph his father afresh. This half-length portrait was the first to show Darwin with a…
Matches: 1 hits
- … < Back to Introduction Darwin’s son William, who had become a banker in Southampton, …
Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad
Summary
At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…
Matches: 1 hits
- … At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of …
Darwin in letters, 1862: A multiplicity of experiments
Summary
1862 was a particularly productive year for Darwin. This was not only the case in his published output (two botanical papers and a book on the pollination mechanisms of orchids), but more particularly in the extent and breadth of the botanical experiments…
Matches: 1 hits
- … As the sheer volume of his correspondence indicates, 1862 was a particularly productive year for …
