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Darwin Correspondence Project

From Arthur Gardiner Butler   19 July 1870

17 Oxford Road, Ealing

19th. July 1870.

Dear Sir

I am sorry that your note should have reached me whilst I am taking holidays, because, as I am very ignorant of Heterocerous Lepidoptera, I cannot, whilst away from the Museum, help you to the name of Trimen’s Moth, I am pretty sure that Iris is the name I suppose you are sure about the Gynanisa being all right?1

The two species mentioned by Dr Wallace are Bombyx Pernyi & B. Yama-mai;2 there is an interesting note on the two species in the Proceedings of the Ent. Soc. for this year, in which Dr Wallace states that hybrid eggs between these species proved fertile; hybrids in the imago state were exhibited at the Soc. 3 or 4 Meetings back.3

I have recently been trying some experiments with Vanessa Urticæ (the small Tortoiseshell Butt.),4 breeding in the dark & in differently coloured bottles, the only effects produced were dwarfed examples of a deeper tint than usual & the smaller the dwarf, the deeper the tint, as though the same amount of colour had been spread over a smaller area & thus had become intensified: The caterpillars showed a marked disinclination to change to pupa in the dark for I tried experiments by shutting out the light first on one side of my breeding cage & then on the other & the caterpillars invariably suspended themselves on the lighter side; when both ends were darkened they suspended themselves in the middle.

Believe me to be | yours very sincerely | A G Butler.

Ch. Darwin Esq | &c &c &c

Footnotes

CD’s note to Butler has not been found. Butler refers to Roland Trimen; see Correspondence vol. 16, letter from Roland Trimen, 13 January 1868 for Trimen’s description of Gynanisa isis (now G. maja). See also Descent 2: 132.
Butler refers to Alexander Wallace. In his letter of 15 July [1869] (Correspondence vol. 17), Wallace had sent CD statistics on the proportion of sexes of moths bred from Bombyx pernyi (now Antheraea pernyi, the Chinese oak silkmoth) and B. yamamai (now Antheraea yamamai, the Japanese oak silkmoth).
Hybrids of Bombyx pernyi and B. yamamai were exhibited at the 7 March 1870 meeting of the Entomological Society of London (see Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine (1870): 267).
Vanessa urticae is now Aglais urticae.

Bibliography

Correspondence: The correspondence of Charles Darwin. Edited by Frederick Burkhardt et al. 29 vols to date. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1985–.

Descent: The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. By Charles Darwin. 2 vols. London: John Murray. 1871.

Summary

Supplies names of moths and references.

Describes his breeding experiments with butterflies to test effects of reduced light.

Letter details

Letter no.
DCP-LETT-7284
From
Arthur Gardiner Butler
To
Charles Robert Darwin
Sent from
Ealing
Source of text
DAR 160: 387
Physical description
ALS 3pp

Please cite as

Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 7284,” accessed on 5 June 2025, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-7284.xml

Also published in The Correspondence of Charles Darwin, vol. 18

letter