The date range is established by the relationship of this letter to CD’s correspondence with John Lubbock concerning bees (see n. 5, below), and by reference to the letter to William from Emma Darwin, written on the verso of this letter. CD, Emma, and Leonard Darwin stayed with William in Southampton until 1 September 1862, when they joined the rest of the family in Bournemouth (see ‘Journal’ (Correspondence vol. 10, Appendix II)). In her letter to William, Emma described the house where they were staying, and suggested that William should visit them in Bournemouth on his first free Saturday; according to Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242), William first visited them on 6 September.

William’s letter has not been found.

The reference has not been traced.

Leonard Darwin had been ill with scarlet fever since 12 June 1862 (see letter to W. E. Darwin, 13 [June 1862]); Emma contracted the fever on 13 August 1862 (Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)).

At the end of August 1862, during his stay with William in Southampton, CD noted that whereas some of the bees in a field of red clover sucked nectar at the mouths of the flowers, others did so at the bases of the flowers, through holes bitten in the corollas. CD speculated that there might be two types of bees, with those that bit holes in the corollas possibly having shorter probosces than the others, or possibly working with the others according to a ‘division of labour principle’ (DAR 49: 149); on 31 August, he gathered two specimens of each type, but apparently did not examine them until the evening of 3 September (see letter to John Lubbock, 2 September [1862], letter to Asa Gray, [3–]4 September [1862], and letter to John Lubbock, [3 September 1862]).