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Darwin Correspondence Project

From Ernst Krause1   16 August 1879

Berlin N.O. Friedenstrasse 10. II.

den 16.8.79.

Hochverehrter Herr!

Aus Ihrem soeben empfangenen freundlichen Schreiben ersehe ich zu meinem grossen Bedauern, dass ich Ihnen—sehr wider meine Absicht!—eine Menge Schwierigkeiten, Bedenken und Hindernisse bereitet habe. Ich bitte Sie, mir darüber nicht böse zu sein; es wäre gewiss nicht geschehen, wenn ich diese Schwierigkeiten hätte voraussehen können. Aber wie ich mir erlaubte, Ihnen wiederholt zu sagen, habe ich meine Arbeit stets nur als Material angesehen, aus dem Sie für die englische Ausgabe so viel oder so wenig entnehmen möchten, als Ihnen passend und geeignet erscheinen würde.2

Ich bitte Sie daher nochmals dringend, hochverehrter Herr, der Publikation ganz diejenige Form geben zu wollen, welche Ihnen als die beste erscheinen wird, aber keinenfalls an ein Aufgeben des Planes zu denken, zumal Murray das Buch angezeigt hat, und die betreffende Notiz bereits durch alle möglichen englischen, französischen und deutschen Journale gegangen ist.3

Auch heute zwar kann ich mich nicht enthalten zu glauben, dass für das deutsche, französische und amerikanische Publikum, die von Ihnen beabsichtigte Form zu fragmentarisch sein dürfte, denn unter Hunderten wird nicht ein Leser im Stande sein, sich das Seward’sche Buch zu verschaffen, noch weiss auf dem Continent irgend Jemand etwas uber Canning’s Satire, oder könnte den botanischen Garten nachschlagen.4 Für das englische Publikum stimme ich Ihrer Ansicht überall bei, für das ausländische nicht.

Gleichwohl wird es mir als das Beste erscheinen, mich bei der deutschen Ausgabe genau an die englische anzuschliessen, weil ich vermeiden möchte, dass Sie an irgend einem Theile der deutschen Ausgabe Missfallen haben könnten.

Am wenigsten beklage ich den Wegfall der Bemerkungen über die Evolutionstheorie vor Dr. Erasmus Darwin; ich werde dieselben möglicherweise später einmal für sich im Kosmos geben, oder sie vielleicht bei einer ausführlichen Studie über die Geschichte des Descendenz-Gedankens verwerthen. Es ist daher an demselben keine Arbeit verloren und ich bedauere nur, Herrn Dallas die unnütze Mühe der Uebersetzung gemacht zu haben. Hat Ihnen Mr. Dallas das deutsche Manuscript mitgesendet, so möchte ich es von Ihnen zurückerbitten, sonst wende ich mich an denselben direkt?5

Eine grosse Freude macht es mir, zu hören, dass Sie Ihre Ergänzungen, wie Sie es anfangs beabsichtigten, als Präliminar-Notiz voranstellen wollen. Es erschien mir das immer als das weitaus richtigste.

Da ich während des Septembers fortwährend auf Reisen sein werde, so möchte ich Sie bitten, falls der Druck des englischen Originals in dieser Zeit beginnen sollte, die Probebogen an meinen Freund, den Lehrer am französischen Gÿmnasium Dr. Paul Voelkel,6 Berlin, Friedrichstrasse (nicht Friedenstrasse!) 105. C. IV senden lassen zu wollen. Derselbe würde mir dann in der Uebersetzung etwas vorarbeiten, damit die deutsche Ausgabe nicht allzuspät käme.

Für den Fall, dass Sie den kleinen hübschen Brief, mit der Vorschrift: “To make love” aufnehmen wollen, möchte ich Sie noch um gütige Auskunft darüber bitten, ob die nachstehenden deutschen Volksnamen den englischen Pflanzennamen entsprechen würden:7

1, Sweet-William, Bartnelke, Dianthus barbatus. (Hier würde im Deutschen wahrscheinlich besser Stolzer Heinrich (Inula Helenium) gesetzt werden müssen, da wir keinen entsprechenden Volksnamen für die Bartnelke haben.)

2, Honestÿ, Ehrenpreis (Veronica)?

3, Herbe of grace, Gnadenkraut, Gratiola?

4, Eye-bright, Augentrost, Euphrasia?

5, Motherwort, Mutterkraut, Pyrethrum Matricaria?

6, Heart’s Ease, Herzenstrost, Viola tricolor?

7, Cuckold-Pint, Kuckuckblume, Orchis?

8, Heart-Chokes, Herzgespann, Leonurus cardiaca?

9, Violents, wohl nur Wortspiel mit violent und violet? Oder giebt es eine violent genannte Pflanze?8

Schliesslich möchte ich Sie noch bitten, in der Vorrede lieber nicht zu erwähnen, das meine Skizze gekürzt werden musste; das Publikum, welches den eigentlichen Sachverhalt nicht kennt, würde das leicht missverstehen und glauben können, meine Darstellung sei so weitschweifig und fehlerhaft gewesen, dass sie einer bedeutenden Kürzung bedurft hätte.9

Sollte ich—was in diesem Augenblicke nicht in meiner Absicht liegt,—bei der deutschen Ausgabe einige Erweiterungen für nützlich halten und hinzufügen, so würde es genügen, wenn ich in einer Vorrede zur deutschen Ausgabe bemerkte, es seien in der englischen Ausgabe aus guten Gründen Einzelnheiten weggeblieben, die dort theils zu bekannt, theils in leicht zugänglichen englischen Werken enthalten seien.10

Ich glaube aber, wie gesagt, nicht, dass das geschehen wird, möchte mich vielmehr möglichst wörtlich an die englische Ausgabe halten und bitte Sie noch mals herzlichst, dieselbe ganz nach Ihrem Ermessen zu gestalten, denn Ihre Ansicht muss hier die allein maassgebende bleiben. Ich bin böse auf mich, dass ich Ihnen soviel Skrupel und Zweifel, Mühe und Arbeit gemacht habe, aber ich bitte Sie zu glauben, dass es in der besten Absicht, optima fide, geschehen ist.

Mit dem Wunsche, dass Ihnen Ihr Sommeraufenthalt möglichst viel Freude und Erholung bringen möge, zeichne ich, hochverehrter Herr | Ihr | herzlich ergebener | Ernst Krause

CD annotations

7.4 Dr. … Berlin,] underl blue crayon
7.4 Friedrichstrasse … käme. 7.6] scored blue crayon
Top of letter: ‘new Address in Berlin | List of Plants for Krause’ ink; ‘[Rengger]11 pencil

Footnotes

For a translation of this letter, see Appendix I.
In his letter to Krause of 13 August 1879, CD had suggested substantial cuts to Krause’s manuscript for the English edition of Erasmus Darwin.
John Murray had agreed to publish Erasmus Darwin; see letter from John Murray, 3 June [1879]. For examples of advertisements and announcements, see The Times, 12 July 1878, p. 6, Newcastle Courant, 18 July 1879, p. 6, and Sheffield Independent, 19 July 1879, p. 10.
Krause refers to Anna Seward’s Memoirs of the life of Dr. Darwin (Seward 1804), George Canning and John Hookham Frere’s poem ‘The loves of the triangles’ (a parody of Erasmus Darwin’s poem The loves of plants (part 2 of The botanic garden); [Frere and Canning] 1798), and Erasmus Darwin’s The botanic garden (E. Darwin 1789–91).
Krause reinstated the section on evolutionary ideas before Erasmus Darwin in the German edition of Erasmus Darwin (Krause 1880, pp. 78–124). William Sweetland Dallas had translated Krause’s German manuscript into English for Erasmus Darwin; see letter from W. S. Dallas, 6 August 1879.
Erasmus Darwin claimed to have discovered an old ‘receipt book’ in the closet of his bedchamber, entitled ‘A Bouk off verry monny muckle vallyed Receipts bouth in Kookery and Physicks’, one of which, ‘To make Love’, he transcribed in the letter to his fiancée, Mary Howard, shortly before their wedding (see King-Hele 1999, pp. 30–1). CD quoted the letter in full in his preliminary notice to Erasmus Darwin, pp. 21–4.
The German name for Dianthus barbatus, ‘Bartnelke’, translates literally as bearded carnation. ‘Honesty’ is the common name of plants of the genus Lunaria, known in German as ‘Silberblatt’ (silverleaf); ‘Ehrenpreis’ (literally, honour prize) is speedwell (plants of the genus Veronica). ‘Herb of grace’ typically refers to rue in English (Ruta graveolens) but can also refer to hedge-hyssop (Gratiola officinalis), which in German is ‘Gnadenkraut’. Eyebright, or in German ‘Augentrost’ (literally, ‘eye comfort’), is the genus Euphrasia. Motherwort is Leonurus cardiaca; the German ‘Mutterkraut’ (mother herb) is feverfew (Pyrethrum matricaria, a synonym of Tanacetum parthenium). Heart’s-ease is one of many common names for Viola tricolor; in German, ‘Herzenstrost’ (‘heart comfort’) is an old name for horsemint (Mentha longifolia). Cuckoo pint is Arum maculatum; cuckoo flower is Cardamine pratensis; ‘Kuckkuck Blume’ is an old German name for this species, which is in the mustard, not the orchid, family. The artichoke (heart-choke) is Cynara cardunculus; the German ‘Herzgespann’ (from an old German word for a feeling of pressure on the heart) is motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca), a traditional treatment for heart disease and anxiety. ‘Violents’ was a play on ‘violets’ and ‘violence’.
CD had suggested that he make a statement in the preface to Erasmus Darwin that Krause had enlarged his article in Kosmos (Krause 1879a) and that Krause had given him permission to condense it for English readers; see letter to Ernst Krause, 13 August 1879.
In the German edition, Krause reinstated two introductory sections and added over 100 pages of notes (Krause 1880, pp. 75–124, 180–286).
CD’s annotations are notes for his reply of 19 August [1879].

Bibliography

Darwin, Erasmus. 1789–91. The botanic garden; a poem, in two parts. Pt 1. The economy of vegetation. London: J. Johnson. 1791. Pt 2. The loves of the plants. With philosophical notes. Lichfield: J. Jackson. 1789.

Erasmus Darwin. By Ernst Krause. Translated from the German by W. S. Dallas, with a preliminary notice by Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1879.

[Frere, John Hookham and Canning, George.] 1798. The loves of the triangles. Anti-Jacobin; or, Weekly Examiner 2: 162–74, 200–5, 274–80.

King-Hele, Desmond. 1999. Erasmus Darwin. A life of unequalled achievement. London: Giles de la Mare Publishers.

Krause, Ernst. 1879a. Erasmus Darwin, der Großvater und Vorkämpfer Charles Darwin’s: ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Descendenz-Theorie. Kosmos 4 (1878–9): 397–424.

Krause, Ernst. 1880. Erasmus Darwin und seine Stellung in der Geschichte der Descendenz-Theorie von Ernst Krause. Mit seinem Lebens- und Charakterbilde von Charles Darwin. Leipzig: Ernst Günther.

Seward, Anna. 1804. Memoirs of the life of Dr. Darwin. London: J. Johnson.

Translation

From Ernst Krause1   16 August 1879

Berlin N.O. Friedenstrasse 10. II.

16.8.79.

Most esteemed Sir!

From your kind letters, just now received, I gather to my great regret that—very much against my intention!—I have given you a lot of difficulties, worries, and problems. I ask you not to be upset with me for this; it would certainly not have happened had I been able to foresee these difficulties. However, as I ventured to tell you repeatedly, I always considered my work simply as material from which you could take as much or as little for the English edition as would seem appropriate and suitable to you.2

Thus I strongly advise you again, esteemed Sir, to give the publication just the shape you deem best, but on no account to consider giving up on the project, since Murray has already advertised the book and the notice in question has already appeared in all possible English, French, and German journals.3

But even now I cannot stop thinking that the form you intend would prove too fragmentary for the German, French, and American audiences, for there won’t be a single reader among hundreds who will be able to get hold of Seward’s book, nor is anyone on the Continent acquainted with Canning’s satire, or able to look up the Botanical Garden.4 For the English audience I agree with your views entirely, but not for audiences abroad.

All the same it strikes me as best for the German edition to follow the English one exactly, since I would like to avoid the possibility of your being displeased with any part of the German edition.

I regret least the omission of the remarks on the theory of evolution before Dr. Erasmus Darwin; possibly I will offer them separately in Kosmos sometime later, or perhaps I shall use them for a more detailed study on the history of thought about descent. Thus no labour is lost and I only regret having caused Mr Dallas the unnecessary trouble of translating it. If Mr Dallas has sent you the German manuscript as well, may I have it back, or should I approach him directly?5

It greatly pleases me to hear that you want to put your supplementary remarks, as you intended on the outset, at the beginning, as a preliminary notice. This always struck me as most appropriate by far.

As I shall be travelling constantly during September, I would like to ask you, if printing of the English original resumes then, to have the galley proofs sent to my friend Dr Paul Voelkel,6 a teacher at the French grammar school, Berlin, Friedrichstrasse (not Friedenstrasse!) 105. C. IV. He could then make a start on the preparations for the translation, so that the German edition would not appear too late.

In case you want to include the pretty little letter, with the prefix: “To make love”, I would ask you to kindly confirm whether the following German common names correspond to the English plant names:7

1, Sweet-William, Bartnelke, Dianthus barbatus. (It would probably be better to insert Stolzer Heinrich (Inula Helenium) in the German translation, as we don’t have a corresponding common name for the Bartnelke.)

2, Honesty, Ehrenpreis (Veronica)?

3, Herbe of grace, Gnadenkraut, Gratiola?

4, Eye-bright, Augentrost, Euphrasia?

5, Motherwort, Mutterkraut, Pyrethrum Matricaria?

6, Heart’s Ease, Herzenstrost, Viola tricolor?

7, Cuckold-Pint, Kuckuckblume, Orchis?

8, Heart-Chokes, Herzgespann, Leonurus cardiaca?

9, Violents, probably just a wordplay on violent and violet? Or is there a plant that is called violent?8

Lastly I would like to ask you please not to mention in the preliminary notice that my sketch had to be cut; readers who are unaware of the real circumstances might easily misunderstand this and come to think that my account had been so longwinded and riddled with mistakes that it needed to be pruned considerably.9

If—and at this moment this is not my intention—I should come to deem it useful for the German edition to make a number of additions, it would suffice if I remarked in the introduction to the German edition that for good reasons a number of details had been omitted from the English edition, partly because they are generally known, partly because they are contained in easily accessible English works.10

As I said, however, I doubt that this will happen, rather, I intend to follow the English edition as literally as possible and would like to ask you cordially again to shape it wholly as you deem appropriate, for your opinion must remain in this the solely decisive one. I am angry with myself for having caused you so many scruples and doubts, so much trouble and work, but I beg you to believe it happened in the best of faith, optima fide.

Hoping that your summer holiday may bring you as much joy and rest as possible, I remain, most esteemed Sir | Yours | cordially devoted | Ernst Krause

Footnotes

For a transcription of this letter in its original German, see pp. 368–70.
In his letter to Krause of 13 August 1879, CD had suggested substantial cuts to Krause’s manuscript for the English edition of Erasmus Darwin.
John Murray had agreed to publish Erasmus Darwin; see letter from John Murray, 3 June [1879]. For examples of advertisements and announcements, see The Times, 12 July 1878, p. 6, Newcastle Courant, 18 July 1879, p. 6, and Sheffield Independent, 19 July 1879, p. 10.
Krause refers to Anna Seward’s Memoirs of the life of Dr. Darwin (Seward 1804), George Canning and John Hookham Frere’s poem ‘The loves of the triangles’ (a parody of Erasmus Darwin’s poem The loves of plants (part 2 of The botanic garden); [Frere and Canning] 1798), and Erasmus Darwin’s The botanic garden (E. Darwin 1789–91).
Krause reinstated the section on evolutionary ideas before Erasmus Darwin in the German edition of Erasmus Darwin (Krause 1880, pp. 78–124). William Sweetland Dallas had translated Krause’s German manuscript into English for Erasmus Darwin; see letter from W. S. Dallas, 6 August 1879.
Erasmus Darwin claimed to have discovered an old ‘receipt book’ in the closet of his bedchamber, entitled ‘A Bouk off verry monny muckle vallyed Receipts bouth in Kookery and Physicks’, one of which, ‘To make Love’, he transcribed in the letter to his fiancée, Mary Howard, shortly before their wedding (see King-Hele 1999, pp. 30–1). CD quoted the letter in full in his preliminary notice to Erasmus Darwin, pp. 21–4.
The German name for Dianthus barbatus, ‘Bartnelke’, translates literally as bearded carnation. ‘Honesty’ is the common name of plants of the genus Lunaria, known in German as ‘Silberblatt’ (silverleaf); ‘Ehrenpreis’ (literally, honour prize) is speedwell (plants of the genus Veronica). ‘Herb of grace’ typically refers to rue in English (Ruta graveolens) but can also refer to hedge-hyssop (Gratiola officinalis), which in German is ‘Gnadenkraut’. Eyebright, or in German ‘Augentrost’ (literally, ‘eye comfort’), is the genus Euphrasia. Motherwort is Leonurus cardiaca; the German ‘Mutterkraut’ (mother herb) is feverfew (Pyrethrum matricaria, a synonym of Tanacetum parthenium). Heart’s-ease is one of many common names for Viola tricolor; in German, ‘Herzenstrost’ (‘heart comfort’) is an old name for horsemint (Mentha longifolia). Cuckoo pint is Arum maculatum; cuckoo flower is Cardamine pratensis; ‘Kuckkuck Blume’ is an old German name for this species, which is in the mustard, not the orchid, family. The artichoke (heart-choke) is Cynara cardunculus; the German ‘Herzgespann’ (from an old German word for a feeling of pressure on the heart) is motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca), a traditional treatment for heart disease and anxiety. ‘Violents’ was a play on ‘violets’ and ‘violence’.
CD had suggested that he make a statement in the preface to Erasmus Darwin that Krause had enlarged his article in Kosmos (Krause 1879a) and that Krause had given him permission to condense it for English readers; see letter to Ernst Krause, 13 August 1879.
In the German edition, Krause reinstated two introductory sections and added over 100 pages of notes (Krause 1880, pp. 75–124, 180–286).

Bibliography

Darwin, Erasmus. 1789–91. The botanic garden; a poem, in two parts. Pt 1. The economy of vegetation. London: J. Johnson. 1791. Pt 2. The loves of the plants. With philosophical notes. Lichfield: J. Jackson. 1789.

Erasmus Darwin. By Ernst Krause. Translated from the German by W. S. Dallas, with a preliminary notice by Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1879.

[Frere, John Hookham and Canning, George.] 1798. The loves of the triangles. Anti-Jacobin; or, Weekly Examiner 2: 162–74, 200–5, 274–80.

King-Hele, Desmond. 1999. Erasmus Darwin. A life of unequalled achievement. London: Giles de la Mare Publishers.

Krause, Ernst. 1879a. Erasmus Darwin, der Großvater und Vorkämpfer Charles Darwin’s: ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Descendenz-Theorie. Kosmos 4 (1878–9): 397–424.

Krause, Ernst. 1880. Erasmus Darwin und seine Stellung in der Geschichte der Descendenz-Theorie von Ernst Krause. Mit seinem Lebens- und Charakterbilde von Charles Darwin. Leipzig: Ernst Günther.

Seward, Anna. 1804. Memoirs of the life of Dr. Darwin. London: J. Johnson.

Summary

Regards his part only as material from which CD can select for English edition of Erasmus Darwin.

Regrets dropping comment on Erasmus Darwin’s evolutionary theory.

Asks for translation of British plant names.

Asks CD not to mention in introduction that EK’s part has been reduced.

Letter details

Letter no.
DCP-LETT-12194
From
Ernst Ludwig (Ernst) Krause
To
Charles Robert Darwin
Sent from
Berlin
Source of text
DAR 92: B35–6
Physical description
ALS 4pp (German) †

Please cite as

Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 12194,” accessed on 18 April 2024, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-12194.xml

letter