skip to content

Darwin Correspondence Project

From W. M. Canby   1 October 1875

No 1101 Delaware Av. | Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.

Oct. 1st 1875

Mr Charles Darwin, F.R.S. &c

Dear Sir,

I fear you will think me very remiss in not sooner acknowledging the receipt (in perfect order) of the copy of your “Insectivorous Plants” which you were so good as to send me.1 My excuse is that I have just escaped from a year’s engagement in public duties which have entirely absorbed my time and which have required an amount of mental and physical labor which forbade the least attention to more congenial pursuits. But though unexpressed, I have really felt your kindness very much and now beg you to accept my grateful thanks.

Your work is so much a record of careful experiment and acute observation leading to very wonderful but indubitable results, that there can be no adverse criticism; so that all here, including even those most opposed to “Darwinism”, unite in their appreciation of your labors. For myself I may say that although somewhat prepared for these results by intercourse with Dr. Gray2 they have very far exceeded my anticipations and seem to me to be as wonderful as any facts recorded in the history of vegetable physiology.

I think you may feel entirely certain that the blade of the leaf of Drosera filiformis bends or curves more or less around its prey in many cases, and of course this can only come about by a “motor impulse” imparted by the action of the prey on the glands of the tentacles. But an impulse which causes the leaf to bend, as I have seen it, so as to nearly encircle the prey, must be much stronger than that required to cause the delicate tentacles to bend, even to the extent of 90o.3

I might say also that the fluid in the leaves of Darlingtonia seems to show an acid reaction, and that it is said to be much increased by the action of certain salts. I think we shall soon be able to prove the absorbtion of the animal matter by the leaves. It may be considered certain that they have, like Sarracenia variolaris, a sweet secretion or lure on the inside of the hoods and on the appendages.4

I am, dear sir, very truly | Your obliged | Wm M Canby.

I enclose an article cut from a Philadelphia paper but which I suspect was taken from some other publication.5 I have however seen many such notices of your book in different periodicals.

CD annotations

1.1 I fear … physiology. 2.7] crossed blue crayon
3.1 I think … 90o. 3.6] enclosed in square brackets blue crayon
4.1 I might … periodicals. 6.3] crossed blue crayon
End of letter: ‘I think I ought by Heading or some other means make it clearer that I discuss origin of Digestion | Development’ blue crayon

Footnotes

Canby’s name is on CD’s presentation list for Insectivorous plants (see Appendix IV). Canby had provided CD with information on Dionaea muscipula (Venus fly trap; see Correspondence vol. 21).
Asa Gray had put Canby in touch with CD (see Correspondence vol. 21, letter from W. M. Canby, 1 February 1873).
In Insectivorous plants, p. 281, CD had referred to Canby’s observation that the blades of Drosera filiformis (thread-leaved sundew) bent over captured insects, but added that the movement was probably not pronounced since another observer, Mary Treat, had not mentioned the phenomenon.
In Insectivorous plants, p. 453, CD noted, citing Canby’s observations, that Darlingtonia and Sarracenia probably belonged to a class of plants that absorbed the products of decay from animals. Darlingtonia is the monospecific genus of California pitcher-plants. Sarracenia is a North American genus of pitcher-plants, known as trumpet pitchers. Sarracenia variolaris is a synonym of S. minor, the hooded pitcher-plant
Canby sent a review of Insectivorous plants published in the Philadelphia Daily Evening Telegraph, 3 August 1875; CD’s copy is in DAR 139.18: 17.

Bibliography

Correspondence: The correspondence of Charles Darwin. Edited by Frederick Burkhardt et al. 29 vols to date. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1985–.

Insectivorous plants. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1875.

Summary

Acknowledges copy of Insectivorous plants; has observed Drosera filiformis leaves closing around prey.

Letter details

Letter no.
DCP-LETT-10179
From
William Marriott Canby
To
Charles Robert Darwin
Sent from
Wilmington, Del.
Source of text
DAR 86: B5–B5a
Physical description
ALS 4pp †

Please cite as

Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 10179,” accessed on 5 June 2025, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-10179.xml

Also published in The Correspondence of Charles Darwin, vol. 23

letter