To James Crichton-Browne 31 January [1870]
Summary
Asks JC-B to return copy of Duchenne [Mécanisme de la physionomie humaine (1862)] and sends some notes "as your former notes were of such extreme interest to me".
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | James Crichton-Browne |
Date: | 31 Jan [1870] |
Classmark: | DAR 143: 329 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7089 |
To James Crichton-Browne 18 March 1870
Summary
JC-B’s essays are the fullest CD has received. His observations on blushing closely agree with James Paget’s. Platysma and horror: Duchenne’s statement doubtful.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | James Crichton-Browne |
Date: | 18 Mar 1870 |
Classmark: | DAR 143: 330 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7142 |
From James Crichton-Browne 6 June 1870
Summary
Returns copy of Duchenne (found in cupboard) with notes [see 7221].
Sends photograph of woman patient with hair standing on end.
Author: | James Crichton-Browne |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 6 June 1870 |
Classmark: | DAR 53.1: C68; DAR 161: 311 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7220 |
To James Crichton-Browne 2 April [1870]
Summary
Copy of Duchenne [see 7089] has not arrived; CD is concerned that it may be lost.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | James Crichton-Browne |
Date: | 2 Apr [1870] |
Classmark: | DAR 143: 331 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7160 |
To John Lubbock 17 July 1870
Summary
CD would like questions on consanguineous marriages inserted in the Census to ascertain effects, if any, on fertility.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | John Lubbock, 4th baronet and 1st Baron Avebury |
Date: | 17 July 1870 |
Classmark: | DAR 261.7: 6 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7281 |
From Francis Galton 31 March 1870
Author: | Francis Galton |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 31 Mar 1870 |
Classmark: | DAR 105: 11–12 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7156 |
To William Ogle 17 November [1870]
Summary
Thanks WO for information on platysma, which he did not know could be brought into voluntary action. Is coming to believe it has nothing to do with expression.
On the relation between white colouring and susceptibility to poisonous plants, CD suggests WO send his paper to J. Wyman and propose he investigate whether white as well as black pigs will eat paint-root.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | William Ogle |
Date: | 17 Nov [1870] |
Classmark: | DAR 261.5: 4 (EH 88205902) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7373 |
To William Ogle 17 December [1870]
Summary
Thanks WO for valuable letter. Feels he need not trouble any more about platysma. If WO ever sees someone suffering great fear, CD asks him to observe the neck.
Hopes to visit WO when next in London.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | William Ogle |
Date: | 17 Dec [1870] |
Classmark: | DAR 261.5: 5 (EH 88205903) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7394 |
To P. L. Sclater 4 November [1870]
Summary
Asks PLS whether he will look over list of names of birds [for Descent] to make sure they are spelled correctly. "I have a most unfortunate weakness … to copy proper names incorrectly".
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Philip Lutley Sclater |
Date: | 4 Nov [1870] |
Classmark: | Zoological Society of London (GB 0814 BADD (Darwin)) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7356 |
To St G. J. Mivart 21 April [1870]
Summary
On amount of modification and lines of descent in determining the position in man.
Reference to StGJM’s article "On the appendicular skeleton of the primates" Phil. Trans. R. Soc. [157 (1867): 299–430],
and his [and James Murie’s] article on lemurs ["On the anatomy of Lemuroidea"] Trans. Zool. Soc. [7 (1872): 1–114].
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | St George Jackson Mivart |
Date: | 21 Apr [1870] |
Classmark: | Karpeles Manuscript Library Museums |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7718A |
From Louis Rérolle 15 June 1870
Summary
French translation of Orchids is published.
Author: | Louis Rérolle |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 15 June 1870 |
Classmark: | DAR 176: 132 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7234 |
To Armand de Quatrefages 20 July [1870]
Summary
Sends list of his publications.
Is grateful for interest QdeB has taken in his election [to Académie Française].
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Jean Louis Armand (Armand de Quatrefages) Quatrefages de Bréau |
Date: | 20 July [1870] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.377); University Archives (dealers) (14 April 2021, lot 74) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7285 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … British & foreign orchids are fertilized. 1862. On the movements & habits of Climbing …
- … of Primula Journal of Linn. Soc Vol. 1 1862 (Bot) p. 77 Botanical works continued On the …
- … of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 6 (1862): 77–96. [ Collected papers 2: 45–63. ] ‘ …
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1862. ‘Origin of saliferous deposits’: Origin of …
From James Crichton-Browne [6 June 1870]
Summary
Comments on various figures [in Duchenne’s Mécanisme].
Author: | James Crichton-Browne |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | [6 June 1870] |
Classmark: | DAR 161: 323, 323/1 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7221 |
To Hermann Müller 14 March 1870
Summary
Interested that HM is studying structure of insects in relation to flowers.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Heinrich Ludwig Hermann (Hermann) Müller |
Date: | 14 Mar 1870 |
Classmark: | DAR 146: 432; Krause 1884, pp. 19–20 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7131 |
To James Crichton-Browne 8 June [1870]
Summary
Duchenne [Mécanisme] has arrived. Has been testing the photographs with 20 or 30 persons; when all or nearly all agree with Duchenne, CD trusts him. Not one understood the "contracted pyramidal of the nose". CD does not think the so-called muscle of lasciviousness worth exhibiting.
His MS [of Descent] is so large he may print only what he has, and make a second volume of what he is now writing on expression.
Discusses photographs he would like to have: baby screaming, person in paroxysm of fear.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | James Crichton-Browne |
Date: | 8 June [1870] |
Classmark: | DAR 143: 332 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7224 |
From J. D. Hooker [22 May 1870]
Summary
Willy is back from New Zealand. JDH perturbed by what to do with him.
J. W. Dawson’s Bakerian lecture for Royal Society is full of errors, and JDH is forced to recommend that it not be published. [An abstract of the lecture was published: "On the pre-Carboniferous floras of north-eastern America", Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 18 (1869–70): 333–5.]
Author: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | [22 May 1870] |
Classmark: | DAR 103: 47–50 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7198 |
From James Crichton-Browne 15 March 1870
Summary
Thanks CD for copy of Origin.
Encloses extensive, but incomplete, notes on expression among the insane, dealing specifically with blushing and the actions of the platysma and grief muscles.
Author: | James Crichton-Browne |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 15 Mar 1870 |
Classmark: | DAR 161: 310, DAR 161: 323/2–5 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7134 |
From Charles Wyville Thomson 7 October 1870
Summary
Seeks CD’s support as a candidate for Edinburgh Chair in Natural History.
Author: | Charles Wyville Thomson |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 7 Oct 1870 |
Classmark: | DAR 178: 113 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7336 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … of echinoderms ( C. W. Thomson 1861 , 1862, and 1863). See also C. W. Thomson 1869 ; …
To F. P. Cobbe 20 August [1870]
Summary
CD writes for Emma, who is ill.
Delighted with FPC’s "most just" article [in Echo?]. Sends £1 subscription.
Thanks for telling CD about the Fraser’s Magazine article [F. W. Farrar, "Hereditary genius (by F. Galton)", n.s. 2 (1870): 251–65].
CD wrote as Justice of Peace for Kent to the Home Secretary about Holder’s case.
Tropaeolum transmits every shade of colour if self-fertilised for six or seven generations.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Frances Power Cobbe |
Date: | 20 Aug [1870] |
Classmark: | The Huntington Library (CB 385) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7306 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … a magistrate in Bromley between 1859 and 1862. (Randal Keynes and Richard Milner, personal …
From Adolf Reuter 11 January 1870
Summary
Sends monstrous oranges,
red grape leaves,
and a bean with blue fruits (a hybrid of Phaseolus vulgaris and a Dolichos species).
Author: | Adolf Reuter |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 11 Jan 1870 |
Classmark: | DAR 176: 127 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7075 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … at this time, see Bentham and Hooker 1862 –83, 1: 540–1. Reuter refers to Eduard Lucas . …
letter | (31) |
Darwin, C. R. | (17) |
Crichton-Browne, James | (3) |
Hooker, J. D. | (2) |
Rérolle, Louis | (2) |
Dawkins, W. B. | (1) |
Darwin, C. R. | (14) |
Crichton-Browne, James | (4) |
Mivart, S. G. J. | (2) |
Ogle, William | (2) |
Cobbe, F. P. | (1) |
Darwin, C. R. | (31) |
Crichton-Browne, James | (7) |
Hooker, J. D. | (3) |
Mivart, S. G. J. | (3) |
Ogle, William | (2) |

Darwin in letters, 1862: A multiplicity of experiments
Summary
1862 was a particularly productive year for Darwin. This was not only the case in his published output (two botanical papers and a book on the pollination mechanisms of orchids), but more particularly in the extent and breadth of the botanical experiments…
Matches: 28 hits
- … As the sheer volume of his correspondence indicates, 1862 was a particularly productive year for …
- … be so’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [15 and] 20 November [1862] ). I have not the least …
- … him from this view ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 14 [January 1862] ): 'no doubt you are right …
- … Huxley replied ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 20 January 1862 ): 'I entertain no doubt that …
- … but continued ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 18 December [1862] ): 'you say the answer to …
- … but complained ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 28 December [1862] ): 'To get the degree of …
- … him the commission ( see letter to John Scott, 11 December [1862] ). Darwin was altogether taken …
- … is no common man’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 [December 1862] ). Two sexual forms: …
- … with his study of Primula and escalated throughout 1862 as he searched for other cases of …
- … 1861, and was published in the society’s journal in March 1862. The paper described the two …
- … in almost daily’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 22 January [1862] ). In a postscript, he mentioned his work …
- … telling Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 7 March [1862] ): ‘I am nearly sure that daylight is …
- … great’, he told Gray ( letter to Asa Gray, 10–20 June [1862] ), ‘I have lately counted one by one …
- … labour over them’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 14 [October 1862] ; see ML 2: 292–3). Other …
- … of dimorphism’ ( letter to Daniel Oliver, 12 [April 1862] ), and experimenting to test his …
- … sets of experiments’ ( letter to M. T. Masters, 24 July [1862] ). The materials that Darwin …
- … case he determined to experiment on Linum in 1862. Soon he was enthralled, especially by the …
- … be generically distinct’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 14 July [1862] ). The case was so good that he …
- … Linum ‘at once’ ( letter to John Scott, 11 December [1862] ), writing up his experiments in …
- … complex case—’ ( letter to Daniel Oliver, 29 [July 1862] ). The three forms had different lengths …
- … who exclaimed to Gray ( letter to Asa Gray, 9 August [1862] ), ‘I am almost stark staring mad over …
- … the Linnean Society ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 6 October [1862] ). However, it was not until 1864 …
- … pleasure to ride’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 22 January [1862] ). But he worried about the resulting …
- … the Book will sell’ ( letter to John Murray, 9 [February 1862] ). To his son, William, his …
- … every flower’ ( letter to Daniel Oliver, 8 June [1862] ). I never before felt half so …
- … he told Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 15 [May 1862] ). But he did not have long to wait. ‘It is …
- … it ‘most valuable’ (letter from George Bentham, 15 May 1862). Orchids was published on 15 May, …
- … all, ‘a success’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 30 [June 1862] ). a flank-movement on the …

Origin: the lost changes for the second German edition
Summary
Darwin sent a list of changes made uniquely to the second German edition of Origin to its translator, Heinrich Georg Bronn. That lost list is recreated here.
Matches: 5 hits
- … In March 1862, Heinrich Georg Bronn wrote to Darwin stating his intention to prepare a …
- … edition (see letter from H. G. Bronn, [before 11 March 1862] ). Since the publication of the …
- … of importance’ (see letter to H. G. Bronn, 11 March [1862] ). Darwin had sent Bronn some of these …
- … in the new edition; in his letter to Bronn of 25 April [1862 ], he mentioned that he was sending …
- … from E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 11 July 1862 ). (No American edition incorporating …
Dramatisation script
Summary
Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007
Matches: 8 hits
- … in the mud. BEGINNING OF WAR IN AMERICA: 1861-1862 In which the start of the American …
- … cause. Tension. THE DARWIN BOYS: 1862 In which Darwin reports one …
- … 1856 33 C DARWIN TO JD HOOKER, 14 MARCH 1862 34 JD HOOKER TO C DARWIN, …
- … 1861 115 A GRAY TO CHARLES WRIGHT, 17 APRIL 1862 116 A GRAY TO RW CHURCH 7 MAY …
- … 10 JUNE 1861 121 A GRAY TO C DARWIN, 31 MARCH 1862 122 JD HOOKER TO C …
- … 16 DEC 1861 124 A GRAY TO ENGELMANN, 20 FEB 1862 125 A GRAY TO C DARWIN, 31 …
- … 7 JULY 1863 152 C DARWIN TO JD HOOKER, DECEMBER 1862 153 JD HOOKER TO C …
- … 1861 163 C Darwin TO A Gray, 16 OCTOBER 1862 164 C Darwin TO ASA GRAY, …

Darwin’s hothouse and lists of hothouse plants
Summary
Darwin became increasingly involved in botanical experiments in the years after the publication of Origin. The building of a small hothouse - a heated greenhouse - early in 1863 greatly increased the range of plants that he could keep for scientific…
Matches: 6 hits
- … Towards the end of 1862, Darwin resolved to build a small hothouse at Down House, for …
- … vol. 10, letter to J. D. Hooker, 24 December [1862] , and volume 10, letter to Thomas Rivers, …
- … a construction suitable for tropical plants. In 1861 and 1862, while preparing Orchids , he was …
- … vol. 10, letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 [December 1862] and n. 13). Initially, Darwin purchased for …
- … over the previous two years. In a letter of 24 December [1862] ( Correspondence vol. 10) …
- … Kent ( Post Office directory of the six home counties 1862). 3. Asclepias curassavica. …
I beg a million pardons: To John Lubbock, [3 September 1862]
Summary
Alison Pearn looks at a letter Darwin wrote to his neighbour and friend, John Lubbock, after making a mistake in his research on bees in 1862.
Matches: 1 hits
- … Lubbock, after making a mistake in his research on bees in 1862. …

Evolution: Selected Letters of Charles Darwin 1860-1870
Summary
This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific colleagues around the world; letters by the critics who tried to stamp out his ideas, and by admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of…

Clémence Auguste Royer
Summary
Getting Origin translated into French was harder than Darwin had expected. The first translator he approached, Madame Belloc, turned him down on the grounds that the content was ‘too scientific‘, and then in 1860 the French political exile Pierre…
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 5 hits
- … Letter 3787 - Darwin, H. E. to Darwin, [29 October 1862] Henrietta Darwin provides …
- … Letter 3634 - Darwin to Gray, A., [1 July 1862] Darwin tells American naturalist Asa …
- … 3681 - Wedgwood, M. S. to Darwin, [before 4 August 1862] Darwin’s niece, Margaret, …
- … lady”. Darwin, E. to Darwin, W. E. , (March, 1862 - DAR 219.1:49) Emma Darwin …
- … - Darwin to Wedgwood, K. E. S, M. S. & L. C., [4 August 1862] Darwin thanks his “angel …

Floral Dimorphism
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Floral studies In 1877 Darwin published a book that included a series of smaller studies on botanical subjects. Titled The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, it consisted primarily of…

Darwin & Glen Roy
Summary
Although Darwin was best known for his geological work in South America and other remote Beagle destinations, he made one noteworthy attempt to explain a puzzling feature of British geology. In 1838, two years after returning from the voyage, he travelled…
Matches: 1 hits
- … 1 October [1861] To Charles Lyell, 1 April [1862] To Charles Lyell, 14 October …

Have you read the one about....
Summary
... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.
Matches: 1 hits
- … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …

Orchids
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment A project to follow On the Origin of Species Darwin began to observe English orchids and collect specimens from abroad in the years immediately following the publication of On the Origin of Species. Examining…
Matches: 4 hits
- … SOURCES Books Darwin, Charles 1862. On the various contrivances by which …
- … 3421 —Charles Darwin to Joseph Dalton Hooker 30 January 1862 Darwin tells Hooker about a …
- … Letter 3662 —Charles Darwin to Asa Gray 23-4 July 1862 Darwin tells Asa Gray, a professor …
- … Darwin’s work with orchids and Chapter 1 of Darwin’s 1862 book On the various …

Forms of flowers
Summary
Darwin’s book The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, published in 1877, investigated the structural differences in the sexual organs of flowers of the same species. It drew on and expanded five articles Darwin had published on the…
Matches: 6 hits
- … briefly mentioned in his Primula paper. In July 1862, Darwin explained to Gray, ‘ I have …
- … of the genus Linum ’, between 11 and 21 December 1862. The paper was read at a meeting of the …
- … to Lythrum , a genus that he had begun researching in 1862 after Hooker had supplied him with …
- … of Lythrum he had been working on since late July 1862. He told Oliver that, ‘ as each form has …
- … of the crossing experiments immediately, but by October 1862, he admitted to Hooker, ‘ I am rather …
- … 117: 50). Darwin released William from counting in November 1862, telling him, ‘ Next year I shall …

Dining at Down House
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Dining, Digestion, and Darwin's Domestic Life While Darwin is best remembered for his scientific accomplishments, he greatly valued and was strongly influenced by his domestic life. Darwin's…

Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments
Summary
The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…
Matches: 4 hits
- … on Verbascum. Darwin had suggested to Scott in 1862, when Scott was working at the Royal Botanic …
- … vol. 10, letter to John Scott, 19 November [1862] ). Darwin had already written to Hooker of …
- … disturbing the serenity of the Christian world’ (Brewster 1862, p. 3). John Hutton Balfour, though …
- … vol. 10, letter from J. H. Balfour, 14 January 1862 ). According to Hooker, Balfour’s prejudice …
Darwin on race and gender
Summary
Darwin’s views on race and gender are intertwined, and mingled also with those of class. In Descent of man, he tried to explain the origin of human races, and many of the differences between the sexes, with a single theory: sexual selection. Sexual…
Matches: 1 hits
- … [1859] Letter to Charles Kingsley, 6 February [1862] Letter from F. W. Farrar, …

Darwin and Fatherhood
Summary
Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten children. It is often assumed that Darwin was an exceptional Victorian father. But how extraordinary was he? The Correspondence Project allows an unusually…

Species and varieties
Summary
On the origin of species by means of natural selection …so begins the title of Darwin’s most famous book, and the reader would rightly assume that such a thing as ‘species’ must therefore exist and be subject to description. But the title continues, …or…
Women as a scientific audience
Summary
Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…
Matches: 1 hits
- … lady”. Darwin, E. to Darwin, W. E. , (March 1862 - DAR 219.1:49) Emma Darwin …

Sexual selection
Summary
Although natural selection could explain the differences between species, Darwin realised that (other than in the reproductive organs themselves) it could not explain the often marked differences between the males and females of the same species. So what…
Matches: 1 hits
- … the Lords' ( to J. D. Hooker, 25 [and 26] January [1862] ) In 1869, Darwin …