Trenn, Thaddeus J. 1974. Charles Darwin, fossil cirripedes, and Robert Fitch: presenting sixteen hitherto unpublished Darwin letters of 1849 to 1851. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 118: 471–91.
To W. J. Hooker [c. February 1849]
Summary
Thanks WJH for information on J. D. Hooker’s progress.
J. D. Hooker promised a copy of his Galapagos paper. Can WJH forward one to the Athenaeum?
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | William Jackson Hooker |
| Date: | [c. Feb 1849] |
| Classmark: | Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Directors’ Correspondence English letters A–J 1849, 27: 155) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1218 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … Directors’ Correspondence English letters A–J 1849, 27: 155) Charles Robert Darwin Down [ …
- … Archipelago’ ( J. D. Hooker 1846b ). See also letter to J. D. Hooker, 28 March 1849 . …
- … October 1848 (see second letter from J. D. Hooker, 3 February 1849 ). Parcels appear to …
- … letter to Maria Hooker, [17 December 1848] . J. D. Hooker 1845a and 1846b . Hooker had read these two papers on Galápagos flora to the Linnean Society in 1845 and 1846. Although they were not published in the Transactions until 1851, printed texts were available in 1849. …
To J. G. Forchhammer 12 November [1849]
Summary
Encloses a letter to be forwarded to Sven Lovén, asking for a specimen of a remarkable cirripede. Still anxious to receive JGF’s specimens.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Johan Georg Forchhammer |
| Date: | 12 Nov [1849] |
| Classmark: | University of Copenhagen, Mineralogical Museum Archives |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1268 |
To M. E. Lyell [24 October 1849]
Summary
Asks MEL to translate page of paper by Sven Lovén ["Ny art af Cirripedia", Ofvers. K. Vetensk. Acad. Forh. Stockholm 1 (1844): 192–4]. CD is "dreadfully interested" in the barnacles [Alepas squalicola] described.
Hopes Charles Lyell’s "craters of Denudation" prosper.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Mary Elizabeth Horner; Mary Elizabeth Lyell |
| Date: | [24 Oct 1849] |
| Classmark: | DAR 146: 332 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1266 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … of Lovén’s paper ( Lovén 1844 ) in his letter to Albany Hancock, 29 September [1849] . …
- … See letter to Sven Lovén, 12 November 1849 . Hugh Miller’ …
- … The Wednesday before the letter to Albany Hancock, [29 or 30 October 1849] , in which CD …
- … Foot-prints of the creator ( Miller 1849 ). See letter to Swale and Wilson, [on or before …
To Abraham Clapham [29 October 1847?]
Summary
Accepts AC’s offer to conduct hybridisation experiments, and offers suggestions.
Sends book [Journal of researches, 2d ed. (1845)].
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Abraham Clapham |
| Date: | [29 Oct 1847?] |
| Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.47) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1137 |
To James Dwight Dana 9 September [1851]
Summary
Thanks him for letter and Balanus specimen.
Acasta is curious; may be a new genus.
Is sending copy [of Fossil Cirripedia 1]. Correcting proofs [of Living Cirripedia 1].
Mentions comment by Hermann Abich on JDD’s chapters on the Sandwich Islands [in Geology (1849)].
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | James Dwight Dana |
| Date: | 9 Sept [1851] |
| Classmark: | Yale University Library: Manuscripts and Archives (Dana Family Papers (MS 164) Series 1, Box 2, folder 43) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1453 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … December 1849] , and letter to J. D. Dana, 5 December [1849] , for CD’s comments on Dana’ …
- … See Correspondence vol. 4, letters to Charles Lyell , 4 December [1849] and [7? …
- … letter and Balanus specimen. Acasta is curious; may be a new genus. Is sending copy [of Fossil Cirripedia 1]. Correcting proofs [of Living Cirripedia 1]. Mentions comment by Hermann Abich on JDD’s chapters on the Sandwich Islands [in Geology (1849)]. …
- … letter from John Gwyn Jeffreys, 7 September 1851 . Living Cirripedia (1851) . See n. 1, above. CD presented copies of Fossil Cirripedia (1851) and Living Cirripedia (1851) to Dana, Augustus Addison Gould , and Louis Agassiz in the United States (MS attached to CD’s copy of Living Cirripedia (1854) , Cambridge University Library). Otto Hermann Wilhelm Abich , professor of mineralogy at Dorpat University. Dana 1849 . …
To Robert Fitch 6 January [1850]
Summary
Asks to borrow some more cirripede specimens.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Robert Fitch |
| Date: | 6 Jan [1850] |
| Classmark: | Norwich Castle |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1288 |
To Emily Harriet Stanhope 9 August [1849]
Summary
Accepts EHS’s invitation for Thursday.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Emily Harriet Kerrison, Lady Mahon, Countess Stanhope, Lady Stanhope; Emily Harriet Stanhope, Lady Mahon, Countess Stanhope, Lady Stanhope |
| Date: | 9 Aug [1849] |
| Classmark: | Kent History and Library Centre (U1590 C481/18) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1249F |
Mineka, Francis E. and Lindley, Dwight N., eds. 1972. The later letters of John Stuart Mill, 1849–1873. Vol. 15 of The collected works of John Stuart Mill, edited by F. E. L. Priestley and J. M. Robson. 33 vols. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1963–91.
To Albany Hancock [26 January – March 1850]
Summary
Discusses mollusc specimens and related notes sent to AH. Thanks him for cirripede specimens. Discusses various cirripede species.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Albany Hancock |
| Date: | [26 Jan – Mar 1850] |
| Classmark: | Archives of the New York Botanical Garden (Charles Finney Cox Collection) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1311 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … Ibla and Scalpellum . Anelasma squalicola (see letter to Sven Lovén, 12 November 1849 ). …
- … 7 April 1850] ). See letter to Albany Hancock, 29 September [1849] , in which CD offered …
- … Darwin Library–CUL. See letter to Albany Hancock, 25 December [1849] . This cirripede was …
- … 496, 512, 518–20). See CD’s letters to Albany Hancock , 29 September [1849] and [29 …
- … 1849] . CD was convinced that Lithotrya burrowed by mechanical means. See Living Cirripedia (1851): 344–8. Hancock thought it inhabited pre-existing cavities because the basal cup was not fitted for burrowing ( A. Hancock 1849b , p. 313, and Living Cirripedia (1851): 346 n. ). CD finally concluded that Verruca excavated using a solvent ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 512–18). Goodsir 1843 . See also letters …
To Charles Lyell [1 November 1849]
Summary
Discusses CL’s refutation of CD’s concept of "craters of elevation" and CL’s new concept of "craters of denudation". Mentions examples of such craters. Admits that his own concept of these craters was unsatisfactory. Urges CL to publish article ["On craters of denudation", Q. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 6 (1850): 207–34].
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Lyell, 1st baronet |
| Date: | [1 Nov 1849] |
| Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.83) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1264 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … 16 November 1849. See letter to Charles Lyell, [18 November 1849] , n. 5, for an account …
- … de Beaumont. See also letter to Charles Lyell, [2 September 1849] . The translation of …
- … a pencil endorsement on the letter, ‘6 ? 8 Nov 1849’, but since CD did not attend another …
- … Lovén 1844 . See letter to M. E. Lyell, [24 October 1849] . Probably for the council …
[Newman, Edward.] 1849. The letters of Rusticus on the natural history of Godalming. London: John van Voorst.
To Richard Owen [January – 23 March 1850]
Summary
CD regrets the trouble RO has had about C. G. Ehrenberg’s parcel.
He is reading On the nature of limbs [1849] with uncommon interest and admires the way Owen worked out the toes.
Also has read On parthenogenesis [1849] with great interest.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Richard Owen |
| Date: | [Jan – 23 Mar 1850] |
| Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1231 |
To Robert Fitch [28 January 1850]
Summary
Thanks him for cirripede specimens. Discusses RF’s collection.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Robert Fitch |
| Date: | [28 Jan 1850] |
| Classmark: | Norwich Castle |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1298 |
To J. F. W. Herschel 13 June [1849]
Summary
Thanks JFWH for the trouble he has taken to correct printing error in "Geology".
Discusses Dr Gully’s water-cure.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | John Frederick William Herschel, 1st baronet |
| Date: | 13 June [1849] |
| Classmark: | The Royal Society (HS6: 16) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1246 |
To Robert Fitch 15 January [1850]
Summary
Discusses fossil cirripede specimens from RF’s collection. Comments on problems of describing their valves.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Robert Fitch |
| Date: | 15 Jan [1850] |
| Classmark: | Norwich Castle |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1291 |
To H. E. Strickland 10 February [1849]
Summary
HES’s letter will fructify to some extent: CD will try to be more faithful to rigid virtue and priority. Would not adopt his own notion in cirripede book without prior approval by others. Will not append "Darwin" to any of his species. Feels sure many others share his aversion.
Asks HES’s opinion on retention of generic name Conchoderma.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Hugh Edwin Strickland |
| Date: | 10 Feb [1849] |
| Classmark: | Museum of Zoology Archives, University of Cambridge (Strickland Papers) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1225 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … to H. E. Strickland, [4 February 1849] , case A; and letter from H. E. Strickland, 8 …
- … universally adopted. See letter from H. E. Strickland, 15 February 1849 . Agassiz 1842– …
- … of C. auritum . See letter to H. E. Strickland, 29 January [1849] , n. 5. Lorenz Oken’s …
- … 1813–25 , 3(i): 362. See letter from H. E. Strickland, 15 February 1849 and n. 4. Lepas …
To J. S. Bowerbank 19 January [1850]
Summary
Describes result of his dissection of one of JSB’s cirripede specimens, "now a hundred fold more instructive". Awaits fossils from Copenhagen Chalk for comparison with British specimens. Asks permission for J. de C. Sowerby to draw specimens.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | James Scott Bowerbank |
| Date: | 19 Jan [1850] |
| Classmark: | Archives of the New York Botanical Garden (Charles Finney Cox Collection) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1294 |
To Robert Fitch [5 February 1850]
Summary
Asks permission to clean specimen. Describes research on cirripedes.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Robert Fitch |
| Date: | [5 Feb 1850] |
| Classmark: | Norwich Castle |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-1301 |
| letter | (403) |
| people | (11) |
| bibliography | (7) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (273) |
| Hooker, J. D. | (33) |
| Blyth, Edward | (4) |
| Scott, John | (4) |
| Darwin, E. A. | (3) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (121) |
| Hooker, J. D. | (37) |
| Lyell, Charles | (19) |
| Fox, W. D. | (16) |
| Dana, J. D. | (15) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (394) |
| Hooker, J. D. | (70) |
| Lyell, Charles | (20) |
| Fox, W. D. | (18) |
| Dana, J. D. | (15) |
| 1831 | (1) |
| 1839 | (1) |
| 1843 | (2) |
| 1845 | (2) |
| 1846 | (2) |
| 1847 | (11) |
| 1848 | (18) |
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| 1850 | (36) |
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| 1879 | (3) |
| 1880 | (3) |
| 1881 | (3) |
Darwin's health
Summary
On 28 March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend Joseph Hooker from Great Malvern in Worcestershire, where Dr James Manby Gully ran a fashionable water-cure establishment. Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to…
Matches: 1 hits
- … On 28 March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend …
Darwin in letters, 1847-1850: Microscopes and barnacles
Summary
Darwin's study of barnacles, begun in 1844, took him eight years to complete. The correspondence reveals how his interest in a species found during the Beagle voyage developed into an investigation of the comparative anatomy of other cirripedes and…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Species theory In November 1845, Charles Darwin wrote to his friend and confidant Joseph …
1.3 Thomas Herbert Maguire, lithograph
Summary
< Back to Introduction This striking portrait of Darwin, dating from 1849, belonged to a series of about sixty lithographic portraits of naturalists and other scientists drawn by Thomas Herbert Maguire. They were successively commissioned over a…
Matches: 1 hits
- … < Back to Introduction This striking portrait of Darwin, dating from 1849, belonged …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants …
Scientific Practice
Summary
Specialism|Experiment|Microscopes|Collecting|Theory Letter writing is often seen as a part of scientific communication, rather than as integral to knowledge making. This section shows how correspondence could help to shape the practice of science, from…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Specialism | Experiment | Microscopes | Collecting | Theory Letter writing …
Species and varieties
Summary
On the origin of species by means of natural selection …so begins the title of Darwin’s most famous book, and the reader would rightly assume that such a thing as ‘species’ must therefore exist and be subject to description. But the title continues, …or…
Matches: 1 hits
- … On the origin of species by means of natural selection …so begins the title of Darwin’s most …
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 1 hits
- … In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to …
Scientific Networks
Summary
Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Friendship | Mentors | Class | Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific …
Darwin's notes for his physician, 1865
Summary
On 20 May 1865, Emma Darwin recorded in her diary that John Chapman, a prominent London publisher who had studied medicine in London and Paris in the early 1840s, visited Down to consult with Darwin about his ill health. In 1863 Chapman started to treat…
Matches: 1 hits
- … On 20 May 1865, Emma Darwin recorded in her diary that John Chapman, a prominent London publisher …
What is an experiment?
Summary
Darwin is not usually regarded as an experimenter, but rather as an astute observer and a grand theorist. His early career seems to confirm this. He began with detailed note-taking, collecting and cataloguing on the Beagle, and edited a descriptive zoology…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Darwin is not usually regarded as an experimenter, but rather as an astute observer and a grand …
Barnacles
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Darwin and barnacles Darwin’s interest in Cirripedia, a class of marine arthropods, was first piqued by the discovery of an odd burrowing barnacle, which he later named “Mr. Arthrobalanus," while he was…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Sources | Discussion Questions | Experiment Darwin and barnacles …
George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)
Summary
George Eliot was the pen name of celebrated Victorian novelist Mary Ann Evans (1819-1880). She was born on the outskirts of Nuneaton in Warwickshire and was educated at boarding schools from the age of five until she was 16. Her education ended when she…
Matches: 1 hits
- … George Eliot was the pen name of the celebrated Victorian novelist Mary Ann Evans (1819-1880). She …
John Murray
Summary
Darwin's most famous book On the origin of species by means of natural selection (Origin) was published on 22 November 1859. The publisher was John Murray, who specialised in non-fiction, particularly politics, travel and science, and had published…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Darwin's most famous book On the origin of species by means of natural selection (Origin) was …
'An Appeal' against animal cruelty
Summary
The four-page pamphlet transcribed below and entitled 'An Appeal', was composed jointly by Emma and Charles Darwin (see letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, [29 September 1863]). The pamphlet, which protested against the cruelty of steel vermin…
Matches: 1 hits
- … The four-page pamphlet transcribed below and entitled 'An Appeal', was composed jointly by Emma …
Dramatisation script
Summary
Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007
Matches: 1 hits
- … Re: Design – performance version – 25 March 2007 – 1 Re: Design – Adaptation of the …
Darwin's illness
Summary
Was Darwin an invalid? In many photographs he looks wearied by age, wrapped in a great coat to protect him from cold. In a letter to his cousin William Fox, he wrote: "Long and continued ill health has much changed me, & I very often think with…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Was Darwin an invalid? In many photographs he looks wearied by age, wrapped in a great coat to …
Fritz Müller
Summary
Fritz Müller, a German who spent most of his life in political exile in Brazil, described Darwin as his second father, and Darwin's son, Francis, wrote that, although they never met 'the correspondence with Müller, which continued to the close of…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Francis Darwin, in Life and letters of Charles Darwin , wrote of Fritz Müller They …
Living and fossil cirripedia
Summary
Darwin published four volumes on barnacles, the crustacean sub-class Cirripedia, between 1851 and 1854, two on living species and two on fossil species. Written for a specialist audience, they are among the most challenging and least read of Darwin’s works…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Darwin published four volumes on the crustacean sub-class Cirripedia between 1851 and 1854, two on …
Bibliography of Darwin’s geological publications
Summary
This list includes papers read by Darwin to the Geological Society of London, his books on the geology of the Beagle voyage, and other publications on geological topics. Author-date citations refer to entries in the Darwin Correspondence Project’s…
Matches: 1 hits
- … This list includes papers read by Darwin to the Geological Society of London, his books on the …
Darwin and Design
Summary
At the beginning of the nineteenth century in Britain, religion and the sciences were generally thought to be in harmony. The study of God’s word in the Bible, and of his works in nature, were considered to be part of the same truth. One version of this…
Matches: 1 hits
- … At the beginning of the nineteenth century in Britain, religion and the sciences were generally …
