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Darwin in letters, 1878: Movement and sleep

Summary

In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his attention to the movements of plants. He investigated the growth pattern of roots and shoots, studying the function of specific organs in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of…

Matches: 29 hits

  • … lessen injury to leaves from radiation In 1878, Darwin devoted most of his attention to …
  • … in this process. Working closely with his son Francis, Darwin devised a series of experiments to …
  • … plant laboratories in Europe. While Francis was away, Darwin delighted in his role as …
  • … from botanical research was provided by potatoes, as Darwin took up the cause of an Irish …
  • … would rid Ireland of famine. Several correspondents pressed Darwin for his views on religion, …
  • … closed with remarkable news of a large legacy bequeathed to Darwin by a stranger as a reward for his …
  • … birthday ( letter to Ernst Haeckel, 12 February [1878] ), Darwin reflected that it was ‘more …
  • … Expression ), and the final revision of Origin (1872), Darwin had turned almost exclusively to …
  • … Movement in plants In the spring of 1878, Darwin started to focus on the first shoots and …
  • … were enrolled as researchers, as were family members. Darwin asked his niece Sophy to observe …
  • … ( letter to Sophy Wedgwood, 24 March [1878–80] ). While Darwin was studying the function of …
  • … on one side, then another, to produce movement in the stalk. Darwin compared adult and young leaves …
  • … after growth has ceased or nearly ceased.’ Finally, Darwin turned to plant motion below the …
  • … precision the lines of least resistance in the ground.’ Darwin would devote a whole chapter to the …
  • … that he missed sensitiveness of apex’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, [11 May 1878] ). Having …
  • … moisture, and various chemical and nutritive substances, Darwin next considered sound. He explained …
  • … instrument to various plants. To confirm the results, Darwin borrowed a siren from Tyndall, who had …
  • … ill-luck to them, are not sensitive to aerial vibrations’, Darwin complained. ‘I am ashamed at my …
  • … 8 August. ‘Alas Frank is off tomorrow to Wurzburg,’ Darwin wrote to Thiselton-Dyer on 2 June , ‘ …
  • … Thiselton-Dyer, 18 June [1878] ). While Francis was away, Darwin sent regular reports about their …
  • … to, about my work, I scribble to you ( letter to Francis Darwin, 7 [July 1878] ). Two weeks later …
  • … not having you to discuss it with’ ( letter to Francis Darwin, 20 [July 1878] ). It is …
  • … had chlorophyll, Francis reported ( letter from Francis Darwin, [after 7 July 1878] ): ‘The oats …
  • … we must have’, Francis wrote ( letter from Francis Darwin, [before 17 July 1878] ), ‘a strong …
  • … me to jump to conclusions rather’ ( letter from Francis Darwin, [before 3 August 1878] ). One day …
  • … day & never the bedded out one’ ( letter from Francis Darwin, [after 7 July 1878] ). Sachs’s …
  • … Cieselski & read him,’ he reported ( letter from Francis Darwin, [22 June 1878] ). ‘Sachs …
  • … de Vries and Julius Wiesner on the causes of plant movement, Darwin wrote on 25 July, ‘I am …
  • … is here the cure for all evils’ ( letter from Francis Darwin, [24 and 25 July 1878] ). …

Early Days

Summary

Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment The young Charles Darwin From an early age, Darwin exhibited a keen interest in the natural world. His boyish fascination with naturalist pursuits deepened as he entered college and started to interact with…

Matches: 11 hits

  • … Questions | Experiment The young Charles Darwin From an early age, Darwin
  • … started to interact with fellow natural history enthusiasts. Darwin's correspondence from this …
  • … Under the mentorship of Robert Grant at Edinburgh, Darwin undertook original research about the …
  • … of bryazoan. In correspondence from his student days, Darwin negotiates complicated relationships …
  • … SOURCES Books Browne, Janet. Darwin's Origin of Species: A Biography. (2008 …
  • … so pleasant receiving letters.” Letter 68 —Darwin to William Darwin Fox [15 July 1829] …
  • … must take to complete his degree. Letter 78 —Darwin to William Darwin Fox [25 Mar 1830] …
  • … visit beetling in Cambridgeshire. Letter 98 —Darwin to Caroline Darwin [28 Apr 1831] …
  • … DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. Do you think Darwin resented that his work was published under …
  • … letters to his brother Erasmus? 4. Why do you think Darwin was unable to take courses in …
  • … EXPERIMENT In order to experience some of Darwin's observations and experiments with …

Detecting Darwin

Summary

Who was Charles Darwin? What is he famous for? Why is he still important?

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Pupils act as Darwin detectives, exploring clues about Darwin’s life and work. No prior knowledge …
  • … visual clues and concluding with what is important about Darwin. …

Darwin's health

Summary

On 28 March 1849, ten years before Origin was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend Joseph Hooker from Great Malvern in Worcestershire, where Dr James Manby Gully ran a fashionable water-cure establishment. Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to…

Matches: 17 hits

  • … March 1849, ten years before  Origin  was published, Darwin wrote to his good friend Joseph Hooker …
  • … Manby Gully ran a fashionable water-cure establishment. Darwin apologised for his delayed reply to …
  • … See the letter At various periods in his life Darwin suffered from gastrointestinal …
  • … fatigue, trembling, faintness, and dizziness. In 1849, Darwin’s symptoms became so severe that he …
  • … for three months while he took Dr Gully’s water cure. In Darwin’s letter to Hooker, he described Dr …
  • … See the letter After returning from Malvern, Darwin continued his hydropathic …
  • … 1863. In a letter to Hooker in April of 1861, for example, Darwin used his delicate physiology to …
  • … Edward Wickstead Lane, and at Ilkley with Dr Edmund Smith, Darwin sought advice from his consulting …
  • … of a fashionable spinal ice treatment. In April 1864, Darwin attributed his improved health to Dr …
  • … to J. D. Hooker, 13 April [1864] ) Why was Darwin’s so ill? Historians and others have …
  • … that there were psychological or psychosomatic dimensions to Darwin’s most severe periods of crisis. …
  • … letter to F. T. Buckland, 15 December [1864] ). On Darwin’s early stomach troubles, see …
  • … , and letter to Robert FitzRoy, [20 February 1840] . Darwin’s health diary (Down House MS), which …
  • … occurrences of flatulence (see Colp 1977, pp. 46-7). Darwin first mentioned attacks of …
  • … daily (see Correspondence vol. 12, letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, [6 May 1864] ). …
  • … up food.  In his letter to Chapman of 16 May [1865] , Darwin stated that his sickness was ‘always …
  • … 64). Fainting and ‘rocking’ had been recorded in Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242) on several occasions …

Darwin in letters, 1871: An emptying nest

Summary

The year 1871 was an extremely busy and productive one for Darwin, with the publication in February of his long-awaited book on human evolution, Descent of man. The other main preoccupation of the year was the preparation of his manuscript on expression.…

Matches: 26 hits

  • … The year 1871 was an extremely busy and productive one for Darwin, seeing the publication of his …
  • … book out of my head’. But  a large proportion of Darwin’s time for the rest of the year was devoted …
  • … way, and the initial reception of the book in the press. Darwin fielded numerous letters from …
  • … offered sharp criticism or even condemnation. Darwin had expected controversy. ‘I shall be …
  • … a bare-faced manner.”‘ The most lively debate centred on Darwin’s evolutionary account of the …
  • … taste. Correspondence with his readers and critics helped Darwin to clarify, and in some cases …
  • … year was the preparation of his manuscript on expression. Darwin continued to investigate the …
  • … also brought a significant milestone for the family, as Darwin’s eldest daughter Henrietta was …
  • … during several past years, has been a great amusement’. Darwin had been working fairly continuously …
  • … work on species theory in the late 1830s. In recent years, Darwin had collected a wealth of material …
  • … to human evolution was comparatively small, reflecting Darwin’s aim of  showing kinship with animals …
  • … he is “torn to pieces” by people wanting copies’, Darwin wrote to his son Francis on 28 February …
  • … letter from J. D. Hooker, 26 March 1871 ). The profits for Darwin were considerable. After …
  • … man.’ Promoting the book As usual, Darwin did his best to obtain a wide and favourable …
  • … (see Correspondence vol. 19, Appendix IV). Four of Darwin’s five sons received a copy, and his …
  • … received a special acknowledgment in the form of a gift. Darwin credited her for whatever he had …
  • … ‘to keep in memory of the book’ ( letter to H. E. Darwin, 20 March 1871 ). Reaction …
  • … 1871). The geologist William Boyd Dawkins remarked on Darwin’s books’ reception amongst ‘artisans …
  • … 23 February 1871 ). Thomas Henry Huxley marvelled that Darwin had been able to link the periodicity …
  • … Variation ,  Descent  inspired many to write to Darwin with small corrections or contributions. …
  • … foetus ( letter from Hinrich Nitsche, 18 April 1871 ). Darwin thought he might use the photographs …
  • … friends A number of correspondents took issue with Darwin’s evolutionary explanation of the …
  • … butterflies and beetles to  Descent , could not extend Darwin’s evolutionary theory beyond man’s …
  • … disagreement regarding human ancestry was expressed by Darwin’s old friend, the former vicar of Down …
  • … the lesson taught by the black ants slaves to the white’. Darwin thanked Innes for his ‘pleasant …
  • … ). On religion and morality Others objected to Darwin’s theory on purely religious …

Referencing women’s work

Summary

Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, but whether and how they were acknowledged in print involved complex considerations of social standing, professional standing, and personal preference.…

Matches: 14 hits

  • Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, …
  • … set of selected letters is followed by letters relating to Darwin's 1881 publication …
  • … throughout Variation . Letter 2395 - Darwin to Holland, Miss, [April 1860] …
  • … anonymised and masculinised. Letter 3316 - Darwin to Nevill, D. F., [12 November …
  • … Nevill is referenced by name for her “kindness” in Darwin’s Fertilisation of Orchids . …
  • … critic. Letter 4370 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [April - May 1865] Darwin
  • … as “friends in Surrey”. Letter 4794 - Darwin to Lyell, C., [25 March 1865] …
  • … B”. Letter 7060 - Wedgwood, F. J. to Darwin, [1867 - 72] Darwin’s …
  • … in the final publication. Letter 7223 - Darwin to Wedgwood, L. C., [9 June 1867 - …
  • … in Expression . Letter 5817 - Darwin to Huxley, T. H., [30 January 1868 …
  • … baby in Mary Barton. Letter 8321 - Darwin to Litchfield, H. E., [13 May …
  • … at him. Letter 7345 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [15 June 1872] Darwin’s …
  • … I can implicitly rely”. Letter 8427 - Darwin to Litchfield H. E., [25 July 1872] …
  • … contribution to the same work was carefully referenced , Darwin made no mention of Henrietta’s …

Interview with Emily Ballou

Summary

Emily Ballou is a writer of novels and screenplays, and a prize-winning poet. Her book The Darwin Poems, which explores aspects of Darwin’s life and thoughts through the medium of poetry, was recently published by the University of Western Australia Press.…

Matches: 18 hits

  • … and screenplays, and a prize-winning poet. Her book The Darwin Poems , which explores aspects of …
  • … most recently, of poetry, and [who] has written a book about Darwin in verse. We’re very happy to …
  • … and? 2. The idea of writing about Darwin Dr White: I’d …
  • … which in the 19th century was called Weatherboard, and Darwin went to Weatherboard on the tail end …
  • … I did every day. I’ve done that walk hundreds of times. Darwin did it twice. He took it on the way …
  • … to a rock was a small metal plaque and it said, ?Charles Darwin passed this way.? And although I …
  • … place that I love so much?? And I started to write about Darwin on that walk. So, I wrote several …
  • … At first I thought perhaps I would write about Darwin in Australia, and then as I travelled to the …
  • … And that was at a very young age, so I suppose the idea of Darwin, although I wouldn’t necessarily …
  • … I mean, when I decided I wanted to write a poem about Darwin, I went and got the journal of the …
  • … I could have written an entirely different book: still The Darwin Poems, but it could have just been …
  • … Banana. Now, that’s a poem. That’s a poem. Darwin wrote it entirely himself, and I could …
  • … itself. So, there would have been ways to, just using Darwin’s own words, create a book of …
  • … involve a lot of exposition and in a way a fictionalising of Darwin – although I do that to a degree …
  • … children; and even from, I guess, myself, standing outside Darwin; as well as Darwin. So that’s why …
  • … 4. How did your research affect your view of Darwin? Dr White: You did …
  • … book. Your own experiences in the sort of landscapes that Darwin visited; and then looking at his …
  • … doing this research changed, if it changed, your views of Darwin: if your views of Darwin evolved …

List of correspondents

Summary

Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. Click on a name to see the letters Darwin exchanged with that correspondent.    "A child of God" (1) Abberley,…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Below is a list of Darwin's correspondents with the number of letters for each one. …
  • … Dareste, Camille (9) Darwin family (1) …

Schools Gallery: Using Darwin’s letters in the classroom

Summary

English| History| Science  English Pupils in Cumbria lead the way Year 9 English pupils at Ulverston Victoria High School spent several weeks studying Darwin’s letters, including comparing sections from Darwin’s ‘Voyage of the Beagle’ to letters…

Matches: 12 hits

  • … Victoria High School spent several weeks studying Darwin’s letters, including comparing sections …
  • … Compare two letters Darwin writes to two colleagues asking for information. What can we …
  • … the different approach? Letter 1674 - Charles Darwin to Asa Gray, 25 Apr 1855 …
  • …  Objective: " To compare Darwin’s expectation of the voyage to the reality"  The class …
  • … College in Devon quickly had to state a fact about Darwin, before throwing the bomb (a ball of …
  • … revealed levels of understanding of key facts about Darwin and his ideas at the start of class. …
  • … of letters and images, they discussed the reactions of Darwin’s friends, respected colleagues and …
  • … what they knew about Victorian culture, understanding that Darwin’s ideas must have been hard for …
  • … Pupils wrote tweets describing the impact of Darwin’s ideas: ‘OMG! Darwin’s theories shock …
  • … at Hitchin Girls School were disturbed to find out what Darwin fed to insectivorous plants to …
  • … file-teaser"}}]] Who helped Darwin? Through the letters pupils …
  • … and to reproduce. Activities were taken from the  Darwin’s Scientific Women pack. …

Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours

Summary

Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…

Matches: 29 hits

  • … Ever since the publication of Expression , Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The …
  • … of these projects would culminate in a major publication. Darwin’s botany was increasingly a …
  • … assisted his father’s research on movement and bloom, and Darwin in turn encouraged his son’s own …
  • … The year 1877 was more than usually full of honours. Darwin received two elaborate photograph albums …
  • … from Germany, Austria, and the Netherlands. Closer to home, Darwin received an honorary Doctorate of …
  • … sites for possible earthworm activity. Now in his 69th year, Darwin remained remarkably productive, …
  • … no controversy. In his autobiographical reflections, Darwin remarked: ‘no little discovery of …
  • … (‘Recollections’, p. 419). During the winter and spring, Darwin was busy preparing the manuscript of …
  • … and presented to the Linnean Society of London. In the book, Darwin adopted the more recent term …
  • … as dimorphic without comparing pollen-grains & stigmas’, Darwin remarked to Joseph Dalton …
  • … measurements of the size and number of pollen-grains, Darwin compared the fertility of individual …
  • … primrose and purple loosestrife. In the course of his work, Darwin found a number of other …
  • … dreadful work making out anything about dried flowers’, Darwin complained to Asa Gray on 8 March …
  • … which include heterstyled species. This pleases me.’. Darwin dedicated the book to Gray, ‘as a small …
  • … separate publications together into a larger whole enabled Darwin to advance more speculative views …
  • … both pollen and seeds’ ( Forms of flowers , p. 344). Darwin was typically pessimistic about the …
  • … be sold’. His publisher knew from previous experience that Darwin was a poor judge of sales, and …
  • … after completing his manuscript of Forms of flowers , Darwin took up the problem of ‘bloom’ in …
  • … characteristic whose purpose was little understood. Darwin had begun studying bloom in August 1873, …
  • … exchanged between Down and Kew over the next six months. Darwin corresponded most often with the …
  • … been for your kindness, we sh d . have broken down’, Darwin wrote back on 5 September . ‘As it …
  • … injury from pure water resting on leaves’. In the end, Darwin did not publish on the subject, but …
  • … on leaves and the distribution of the stomata’ (F. Darwin 1886). Alongside his work on bloom, …
  • … closely to the leaves and required a tolerable shake’. Darwin gained another valuable observer in …
  • … T. Thiselton-Dyer, 25 August 1877 ). At Down House, Darwin and Francis devised a method of …
  • … the phenomenon in a Euphorbia (spurge) plant at Kew. Darwin then asked him to disturb the plant …
  • … card, and bits of glass. Encouraging Francis Darwin greatly enjoyed working with …
  • … fed a steady diet of meat. His findings answered a number of Darwin’s critics who had questioned …
  • … work on teasel was sent to the Royal Society of London by Darwin, who confessed to Hooker on 25 …

Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments

Summary

The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…

Matches: 17 hits

  • … In 1865, the chief work on Charles Darwin’s mind was the writing of  The variation of animals and …
  • … letters on climbing plants to make another paper. Darwin also submitted a manuscript of his …
  • … protégé, John Scott, who was now working in India. Darwin’s transmutation theory continued to …
  • … Argyll, appeared in the religious weekly,  Good Words . Darwin received news of an exchange of …
  • … Butler, and, according to Butler, the bishop of Wellington. Darwin’s theory was discussed at an …
  • … in the  Gardeners’ Chronicle . At the end of the year, Darwin was elected an honorary member of …
  • … year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend of …
  • … in August. There was also a serious dispute between two of Darwin’s friends, John Lubbock and …
  • … jolly’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 7 January [1865] ). Darwin was ready to submit his paper on …
  • … a sudden illness. Falconer was 56, almost the same age as Darwin himself. Falconer had seconded …
  • … supported his candidacy, and had tried hard to persuade Darwin to accept the award in person (see  …
  • … the award ( see letter from Hugh Falconer to Erasmus Alvey Darwin, 3 January 1865 ). Erasmus …
  • … Sic transit gloria mundi, with a vengeance Darwin’s response to the news of Falconer’s …
  • … at the time recovering from a bout of influenza, wrote to Darwin at some length about Falconer’s …
  • … ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 3 February 1865 ). Darwin, now ‘haunted’ by Hooker’s account of …
  • … 9 February [1865] ). Continuing ill-health Darwin had another cause for gloom: his …
  • … difference in my happiness’. At the end of April, Darwin’s condition worsened to the extent …

Darwin as mentor

Summary

Darwin provided advice, encouragement and praise to his fellow scientific 'labourers' of both sexes. Selected letters Letter 2234 - Darwin to Unidentified, [5 March 1858] Darwin advises that Professor C. P. Smyth’s observations are not…

Matches: 13 hits

  • Darwin provided advice, encouragement and praise to his fellow scientific …
  • … Selected letters Letter 2234 - Darwin to Unidentified, [5 March 1858] Darwin
  • … on insufficient grounds. Letter 3934 - Darwin to Scott, J., [21 January 1863] …
  • … material worthy of publication. Letter 4185 - Darwin to Scott, J., [25 & 28 May …
  • … worker you are!”. Letter 7605 - Darwin to Darwin, H. E., [20 March 1871] …
  • … “lucid vigorous style”. In consultation with Emma, Darwin offers Henrietta “some little memorial” in …
  • … so many observations without aid. Letter 8146 - Darwin to Treat, M., [5 January 1872] …
  • … scientific journal”. Letter 8171 - Darwin to Wedgwood, L., [21 January 1872] …
  • … stooping over holes for hours which “tried my head”. Darwin notes that Lucy is worth her weight in …
  • … he had repeated the experiment. Letter 9580 - Darwin to Darwin, G. H. D., [1 August …
  • … be submitted to the publisher. Letter 9613 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [30 August 1874 …
  • … that it ought to be published. Letter 10523 - Darwin to Treat, M., [1 June 1876] …
  • … of her “admirable work”. Letter 11096 - Darwin to Romanes, G. J., [9 August 1877] …

Strange things sent to Darwin in the post

Summary

Some of the stranger things Darwin received in the post can tell us a lot about how Darwin worked at home. In 1863, Darwin was very excited when the ornithologist Alfred Newton sent him a diseased, red-legged partridge foot with an enormous ball of clay…

Matches: 9 hits

  • … Some of the stranger things Darwin received in the post can tell us a lot about how Darwin worked at …
  • … establish the original cause of the injury. Unfortunately, Darwin had thrown it away . …
  • … over great distances, the farmer James Mansel Weale wrote to Darwin from South Africa in 1867. …
  • … germinated out of the dung ’.   In 1871, Darwin asked Ray Lankester to acquire a …
  • … his own ears, which were not clear enough to use. However, Darwin included an engraving of a cropped …
  • … 18 April 1871 (DAR 87: 46r) In Variation , Darwin had detailed cases of inheritance of …
  • … other animals. In 1877, the journalist Otto Zacharias sent Darwin a pig’s foot with a pronounced …
  • … of the strangest enclosures was by another careful reader of Darwin’s work. The Hebrew scholar …
  • … The beard and scalp hair Frank Chance sent to Darwin, DAR 142: 59-60   …

Darwin in letters,1870: Human evolution

Summary

The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The whole of the year at work on the Descent of Man & Selection in relation to Sex’.  Descent was the culmination of over three decades of observations and reflections on…

Matches: 23 hits

  • … The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The whole of the …
  • … in relation to Sex’. Always precise in his accounting, Darwin reckoned that he had started writing …
  • … gathered on each of these topics was far more extensive than Darwin had anticipated. As a result,  …
  • … and St George Jackson Mivart, and heated debates sparked by Darwin’s proposed election to the French …
  • … Finishing Descent; postponing Expression Darwin began receiving proofs of some of the …
  • … ( letter to Albert Günther, 13 January [1870] ). Darwin was still working hard on parts of the …
  • … style, the more grateful I shall be’  ( letter to H. E. Darwin, [8 February 1870] ). She had …
  • … , the latter when she was just eighteen years of age. Darwin clearly expected her to make a …
  • … have thought that I shd. turn parson?’ ( letter to H. E. Darwin, [8 February 1870] ). Henrietta …
  • … so unimportant as the mind of man!’ ( letter from H. E. Darwin, [after 8 February 1870] ). …
  • … philanthropist Frances Power Cobbe. At Cobbe’s suggestion, Darwin read some of Immanuel Kant’s  …
  • … ( letter to F. P. Cobbe, 23 March [1870?] ). Cobbe accused Darwin of smiling in his beard with …
  • … as animals: ears Despite Cobbe’s plea, most of Darwin’s scientific attention in 1870 was …
  • … fairy in Shakespeare’s  A midsummer night’s dream.  Darwin obtained a sketch of a human ear from …
  • … of a pointed tip projecting inward from the folded margin. Darwin, who had posed for the sculptor in …
  • … this volume, letter to Thomas Woolner, 10 March [1870] ). Darwin included Woolner’s sketch in  …
  • … muscles A more troubling anatomical feature for Darwin was the platysma myoides, a band of …
  • … of fright’, and one of his photographs, later used by Darwin in  Expression , showed a man whose …
  • … letter from James Crichton-Browne, 15 March 1870 ). Indeed, Darwin noted the same longitudinal …
  • … Researching expression: questions and questionnaires Darwin’s research on emotions continued …
  • … of the source of the Niger river. Reade was sceptical of Darwin’s view that standards of beauty were …
  • … evidence of the continuity of expressions across species, Darwin asked the zoo-keeper at Regent’s …
  • … much?’ ( letter to A. D. Bartlett, 5 January [1870] ). Darwin made a similar request of a London …

Dining at Down House

Summary

Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Dining, Digestion, and Darwin's Domestic Life While Darwin is best remembered for his scientific accomplishments, he greatly valued and was strongly influenced by his domestic life. Darwin's…

Matches: 14 hits

  • … Questions | Experiment Dining, Digestion, and Darwin's Domestic Life …
  • … chance for what share of happiness this world affords." ( Darwin to H.W. Bates , 26 …
  • … and they partook in his scientific endeavours. One of Darwin's defining characteristics …
  • … through his correspondence. Letters written to and from Darwin, as well as those exchanged between …
  • … provides into the bright and engaging personalities of the Darwin children and of family life in the …
  • … SOURCES Book Darwin, Charles. On the Origin of Species . 1859. London: John …
  • … Dining at Down House Letter 259 —Charles Darwin to Caroline Darwin, 13 October …
  • … South American cities, cultures, geography, flora and fauna) Darwin complains to his sister Caroline …
  • … while ill. Letter 465 —Emma Wedgwood (Emma Darwin) to Charles Darwin, [30 December 1838] …
  • … agreeable” for her sake. Letter 3626 —Emma Darwin to T. G. Appleton, 28 June [1862] …
  • … behalf to his American publisher, T. G. Appleton. Darwin, who is too ill to write himself, wishes to …
  • … cod liver oil and moderate work, among other things, for Darwin’s complaints. Emma Darwin
  • … suffers a bout of “rocking & giddiness”. Emma Darwin to Henrietta Darwin, [5 September …
  • … nineteenth-century luncheon fare. Letter 8296 —Darwin to Francis Galton, 21 April [1872] …

The death of Anne Elizabeth Darwin

Summary

Charles and Emma Darwin’s eldest daughter, Annie, died at the age of ten in 1851.   Emma was heavily pregnant with their fifth son, Horace, at the time and could not go with Charles when he took Annie to Malvern to consult the hydrotherapist, Dr Gully.…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … lost the joy of the Household Charles and Emma Darwin’s eldest daughter, Annie, died at …
  • … to Malvern to consult the hydrotherapist, Dr Gully. Darwin wrote a memorial of his daughter …
  • … her own reactions in a poignant set of notes, which Emma Darwin kept. Links to a longer …
  • … and illness follow the transcriptions. Charles Darwin’s memorial of Anne Elizabeth …
  • …  ‘y. 4 An interlineation in pencil in Emma Darwin’s hand reads: ‘Mamma: what shall we do …
  • … To W. D. Fox, [ 27 March 1851 ] To Emma Darwin,  [17 April 1851] First letter to …
  • … From S. E. Wedgwood, [ 24 April 1851 ] From E. C. Darwin, [ 25? April 1851 ] To E. …

Darwin and Gender Projects by Harvard Students

Summary

Working in collaboration with Professor Sarah Richardson and Dr Myrna Perez, Darwin Correspondence Project staff developed a customised set of 'Darwin and Gender' themed resources for a course on Gender, Sex and Evolution first taught at Harvard…

Matches: 15 hits

  • … with Professor Sarah Richardson and Dr Myrna Perez, Darwin Correspondence Project staff …
  • … can be found to the right. Containing extracts from Darwin's published works as well as …
  • … to encourage students to explore disparities between Darwin's public ideas and those he …
  • … by the resources include: To what extent were Darwin's ideas about the sexes …
  • … one of the key insights of the DCP’s research into Darwin’s understandings of sex and gender. In his …
  • … between the child and the man” ( Descent 2: 317). Darwin believed, however, that although women …
  • … superior to men. Sarah argues that understanding Darwin’s belief in the higher morality of …
  • … her house. Miranda focuses on the role that Darwin’s domestic life played in his …
  • … rendition of Miranda’s project, you can learn more about Darwin’s reliance and trust in Henrietta’s …
  • … of style, the more grateful I shall be.”(Letter to Darwin, H. E., [8 Feb 1870] ) Although Miranda …
  • … Amalia also believes that there is room to complicate Darwin’s published views on sex and gender by …
  • … inferiority as immutable.” Amalia delves into Darwin’s exchanges with Kennard; exchanges …
  • … 1882 ) In this personal exchange, she finds evidence that Darwin believed women could improve their …
  • … Vanessa takes a creative approach to the tension between Darwin’s published views and his private …
  • … ability by portraying ‘feminist leanings as ruinous to Darwin’s reputation.” By asking us to …

Darwin's life in letters

Summary

For all his working life, Darwin used letters as a way both of discussing ideas and gathering the ‘great quantities of facts’ that he used in developing and supporting his theories. They form a fascinating collection from many hundreds of correspondents,…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … do what I am doing pester them with letters. ( Darwin to John Jenner Weir, [6 March 1868 …
  • … and even specimens. So many letters flowed in that Darwin had a habit of burning batches of old …
  • … 8000 still survive in the main repository of his papers, the Darwin Archive at Cambridge University …
  • … these also to his archive. The researchers of the Darwin Correspondence Project based in …
  • … complete texts of more than 15,000 known surviving Darwin letters, wherever in the world they are …
  • … to the volumes of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin , the narrative of his life as …

Darwin in letters, 1864: Failing health

Summary

On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July 1864: ‘the venerable beard gives the look of your having suffered, and … of having grown older’.  Because of poor health, Because of poor health, Darwin…

Matches: 25 hits

  • … On receiving a photograph from Charles Darwin, the American botanist Asa Gray wrote on 11 July …
  • … … of having grown older’. This portrait, the first of Darwin with his now famous beard, had been …
  • … 52 hours without vomiting!! In the same month, Darwin began to consult William Jenner, …
  • … prescribed a variety of antacids and purgatives, and limited Darwin’s fluid intake; this treatment …
  • … the dimorphic aquatic cut-grass  Leersia . In May, Darwin finished his paper on  Lythrum …
  • … he had set aside the previous summer. In October, Darwin let his friends know that on his …
  • … to the surgeon and naturalist Francis Trevelyan Buckland, Darwin described his symptoms in some …
  • … November and December were also marked by the award to Darwin of the Royal Society’s Copley Medal; …
  • … been unsuccessfully nominated the two previous years. As Darwin explained to his cousin William …
  • … it was conferred, brought a dramatic conclusion to the year. Darwin also wrote to Fox that he was …
  • … progress’ in Britain. Challenging convention Darwin’s concern about the acceptance of …
  • …  vol. 11). In a letter of [27 January 1864] , Darwin wrote to Hooker: ‘The only approach to work …
  • …  produce tendrils However, the queries that Darwin, describing himself as ‘a broken-down …
  • … tendrils’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [8 February 1864] ). Darwin’s excitement about his …
  • … ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 2 June [1864] ). When Darwin asked Oliver whether the tendrils of …
  • … for his teacherly tone, explaining that he had felt that Darwin had misunderstood some accepted …
  • … ( letter from Daniel Oliver, [17 March 1864] ). Though Darwin replied with his typical humility …
  • … habits of climbing plants’ (‘Climbing plants’), which Darwin submitted to the Linnean Society in …
  • … was often the case, he was interested in transitional forms. Darwin came to think, for example, that …
  • … and tendril-bearers. At the end of his paper, Darwin used species from the genus  Lathyrus …
  • … the tendrils then revert to leaves, as in  L. nissolia . Darwin wrote (‘Climbing plants’, p. 115): …
  • … In addition to his work on climbing plants, Darwin engaged in 1864 in botanical observations and …
  • … between species and varieties, and the nature of hybridity. Darwin noticed that the sterility …
  • … and differentiated over a long period of time. Darwin remarked on the similar role of sexual …
  • … the results (see Correspondence vol. 12, Appendix III). Darwin sought to show that the existence …

Darwin in letters, 1868: Studying sex

Summary

The quantity of Darwin’s correspondence increased dramatically in 1868 due largely to his ever-widening research on human evolution and sexual selection.Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as applied to human descent led him to investigate aspects of the…

Matches: 25 hits

  • …   On 6 March 1868, Darwin wrote to the entomologist and accountant John Jenner Weir, ‘If any …
  • … he ought to do what I am doing pester them with letters.’ Darwin was certainly true to his word. The …
  • … and sexual selection. In  Origin , pp. 87–90, Darwin had briefly introduced the concept of …
  • … process. In a letter to Alfred Russel Wallace in 1864, Darwin claimed that sexual selection was ‘the …
  • … 12, letter to A. R. Wallace, 28 [May 1864] ). Darwin’s theory of sexual selection as …
  • … to the stridulation of crickets. At the same time, Darwin continued to collect material on …
  • … his immediate circle of friends and relations. In July 1868 Darwin was still anticipating that his …
  • … which was devoted to sexual selection in the animal kingdom. Darwin described his thirst for …
  • … in January 1868. A final delay caused by the indexing gave Darwin much vexation. ‘My book is …
  • … 1867 and had expected to complete it in a fortnight. But at Darwin’s request, he modified his …
  • … the text. This increased the amount of work substantially. Darwin asked Murray to intervene, …
  • … … though it would be a great loss to the Book’. But Darwin’s angry letter to Murray crossed one from …
  • … blank’ ( letter from W. S. Dallas, 8 January 1868 ). Darwin sympathised, replying on 14 January …
  • … as stone, if it were not quite mollified by your note’. Darwin enclosed a cheque to Dallas for £55  …
  • … and descent in the  Fortnightly Review , and asked Darwin for comments. Darwin was clearly …
  • … ‘fast passing away’ that sparked the most discussion. Darwin wrote to Hooker on 23 February , …
  • … authorship. John Murray thought it was by Gray himself, but Darwin corrected him: ‘D r  Gray would …
  • … of Science, Robertson published a rejoinder, arousing Darwin’s ire still further: ‘he is a scamp …
  • … all sorts of subjects In writing  Variation , Darwin had been careful to acknowledge …
  • … great influx of unsolicited letters from persons unknown to Darwin, offering additional facts that …
  • … 1868 . The letter was addressed to ‘the Rev d  C. Darwin M.d’; Binstead evidently assumed Darwin
  • … in the world’ (from ?, 6 April 1868). On 21 May , Darwin complained to Hooker, ‘I am bothered …
  • … an outpouring of details and untoward examples even from Darwin’s inner circle of expert naturalists …
  • … by flexing. On 5 April , Edward Blyth, who had supplied Darwin with a wealth of information on …
  • … the opportunities provided by  Variation  for expanding Darwin’s network of informers proved very …
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