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Barnacles
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Darwin and barnacles Darwin’s interest in Cirripedia, a class of marine arthropods, was first piqued by the discovery of an odd burrowing barnacle, which he later named “Mr. Arthrobalanus," while he was…
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- … and wrote about barnacles on a daily basis from 1846 to 1854. Ultimately, Darwin's deep and …
Alfred Russel Wallace
Summary
Wallace was a leading Victorian naturalist, with wide-ranging interests from biogeography and evolutionary theory to spiritualism and politics. He was born in 1823 in Usk, a small town in south-east Wales, and attended a grammar school in Hertford. At the…
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- … able to finance another extended voyage to Malaysia. Between 1854 and 1862, he travelled some 14,000 …
Thomas Henry Huxley
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Dubbed “Darwin’s bulldog” for his combative role in controversies over evolution, Huxley was a leading Victorian zoologist, science popularizer, and education reformer. He was born in Ealing, a small village west of London, in 1825. With only two years of…
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- … an appointment as paleontologist to the Geological Survey in 1854. He moved quickly to the inner …
'An Appeal' against animal cruelty
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The four-page pamphlet transcribed below and entitled 'An Appeal', was composed jointly by Emma and Charles Darwin (see letter from Emma Darwin to W. D. Fox, [29 September 1863]). The pamphlet, which protested against the cruelty of steel vermin…
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- … subscribed to the RSPCA, payments being recorded from 1854 to 1861, in 1863 and 1864, from 1871 to …
Science, Work and Manliness
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters In 1859, popular didactic writer William Landels published the first edition of what proved to be one of his best-selling works, How Men Are Made. "It is by work, work, work" he told his middle class audience, …
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- … 1578 - Darwin to de Bosquet, J. A. H., [13 August 1854] Darwin praises de Bosquet on …
Syms Covington
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When Charles Darwin embarked on the Beagle voyage in 1831, Syms Covington was ‘fiddler & boy to Poop-cabin’. Covington kept an illustrated journal of his observations and experiences on the voyage, noting wildlife, landscapes, buildings and people and,…
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- … Covington was appointed second postmaster at Pambula in 1854; later he built a property there, not …
Species and varieties
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On the origin of species by means of natural selection …so begins the title of Darwin’s most famous book, and the reader would rightly assume that such a thing as ‘species’ must therefore exist and be subject to description. But the title continues, …or…
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- … Darwin published his own taxonomic works between 1851 and 1854. Linnaeus ordered the world according …
Origin: the lost changes for the second German edition
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Darwin sent a list of changes made uniquely to the second German edition of Origin to its translator, Heinrich Georg Bronn. That lost list is recreated here.
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- … A well-known French botanist, M. Lecoq, writes in 1854 (‘Etudes sur Géograph. Bot.,’ tom. I. p. 250 …
Charles Thomas Whitley
Summary
Born in Liverpool in 1808, Charles Thomas Whitley, like Darwin, attended Shrewsbury School and then Cambridge University where they were clearly very close, exchanging letters during the summer holidays. Whitley was a mathematician, a subject that held…
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- … took on the role of vicar of Bedlington, Northumberland, in 1854, where he stayed until his death in …
George James Stebbing
Summary
George James Stebbing (1803—1860) travelled around the world with Charles Darwin on board HMS Beagle and helped him with measuring temperature on at least one occasion. However, Stebbing barely registers in Darwin’s correspondence. The only mention omits…
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- … run the Meteorological Department of the Board of Trade in 1854, one of his first tasks was to …
Robert FitzRoy
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Robert FitzRoy was captain of HMS Beagle when Darwin was aboard. From 1831 to 1836 the two men lived in the closest proximity, their relationship revealed by the letters they exchanged while Darwin left the ship to explore the countries visited during the…
Divergence
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In a later account of how he had come to the evolutionary ideas published in Origin, Darwin wrote: 'Of all the minor points, the last which I appreciated was the importance & cause of the principle of Divergence' (to Ernst Haeckel, [after 10]…
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- … to Darwin's final formulation of it between November 1854 and 1858, see Browne 1980, Ospovat …
Darwin in letters, 1858-1859: Origin
Summary
The years 1858 and 1859 were, without doubt, the most momentous of Darwin’s life. From a quiet rural existence filled with steady work on his ‘big book’ on species, he was jolted into action by the arrival of an unexpected letter from Alfred Russel Wallace…
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- … Roy, and his monograph on Fossil Cirripedia (1851 and 1854) ( Quarterly Journal of the …
Darwin in letters, 1844–1846: Building a scientific network
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The scientific results of the Beagle voyage still dominated Darwin's working life, but he broadened his continuing investigations into the nature and origin of species. Far from being a recluse, Darwin was at the heart of British scientific society,…
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- … and J. D. Hooker’s was added. Much later, by the autumn of 1854 when Darwin began sorting out his …
Orchids
Summary
Why Orchids? Darwin wrote in his Autobiography, ‘During the summer of 1839, and, I believe, during the previous summer, I was led to attend to the cross-fertilisation of flowers by the aid of insects, from having come to the conclusion in my…
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- … (common twayblade) had been the subject of Hooker’s 1854 paper on the functions and structure of the …
People featured in the German and Austrian photograph album
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Biographical details of people from the Habsburg Empire that appeared in the album of German and Austrian scientists sent to Darwin on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Johannes Mattes for providing these details and for permission to make his…
Introduction to the Satire of FitzRoy's Narrative of the Voyages of the Adventure and Beagle
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'a humble toadyish follower…': Not all pictures of Darwin during the Beagle voyage are flattering. Published here for the first time is a complete transcript of a satirical account of the Beagle’s brief visit in 1836 to the Cocos Keeling islands…
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Interview with Pietro Corsi
Summary
Pietro Corsi is Professor of the History of Science at the University of Oxford. His book Evolution Before Darwin is due to be published in 2010 by Oxford University Press. Date of interview: 17 July 2009 Transcription 1: Introduction …
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- … was. In particular, one of my authors spends two years, 1854 and 1855, in Paris, working at the …
