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To Asa Gray   2 January [1863]

Summary

Thanks AG for Cypripedium and Mitchella.

Plans to investigate pollination of Cypripedium.

Has finished Linum paper [Collected papers 2: 93–105].

Would welcome facts on "bud-variations".

Hears that Cinchona is dimorphic.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  2 Jan [1863]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (56)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3897

To Asa Gray   19 January [1863]

Summary

Comments on his own review of Bates’s butterfly paper [Collected papers 2: 87–92].

Thanks AG for information on Platanthera.

Has been wasting more time with Melastomataceae; can find no nectar in Monochaetum; is there any in Rhexia?

Hopes Lincoln’s "fiat against Slavery" will have some effect.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  19 Jan [1863]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (57)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3927

From Asa Gray   27 January 1863

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Summary

Discusses the ill-will between England and U. S.

Considers the bases for deciding which plant species are "high" and which "low".

Comments on Alphonse de Candolle’s paper on oaks ["Étude sur l’espèce", Ann. Sci. Nat. (Bot.) 4th ser. 18 (1862): 59–110].

Encloses S. H. Scudder’s letter on Lepidoptera and fertilisation of orchids which identifies a butterfly with Platanthera pollinia adhering to it. Jokingly applies natural selection to butterflies acted on by orchid pollinia.

Author:  Asa Gray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  27 Jan 1863
Classmark:  DAR 165: 129, 130
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3950

To Asa Gray   23 February [1863]

Summary

Recommends Lyell’s book [Antiquity of man (1863)].

Quotes praise of AG’s pamphlet [see 2938].

Comments on U. S. politics.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  23 Feb [1863]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (55)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4006

To Asa Gray   20 March [1863]

Summary

Discusses the meaning of C. K. Sprengel’s term "dichogamy". Dichogamous plants are functionally monoecious; Primula is functionally dioecious.

Reports Hermann Crüger’s observations of Cattleya and of bees pollinating Catasetum. Crüger will observe Melastomataceae.

Has built a hothouse.

Fears Amsinckia cannot be dimorphic.

Ill health slows his work on Variation.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  20 Mar [1863]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (58)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4053

From Asa Gray   22–30 March 1863

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Summary

Discusses the Duke of Argyll’s article on the supernatural [Edinburgh Rev. 116 (1862): 378–97].

Has heard that the Incas married their sisters; this may be worth investigating as a case of inbreeding.

Author:  Asa Gray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  22–30 Mar 1863
Classmark:  DAR 165: 131
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4056

From Asa Gray   11 April 1863

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Summary

The war is nearly finished, "rebeldom is ""gone up"" ".

Author:  Asa Gray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  11 Apr 1863
Classmark:  DAR 165: 132
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4081

From Asa Gray   13 April 1863

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Summary

Hopes CD will finish and bring out his book on variation.

AG will publish extracts of H. W. Bates’s paper on mimetic analogy [Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 36 (1863): 279–94].

Author:  Asa Gray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  13 Apr 1863
Classmark:  DAR 165: 133
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4089

To Asa Gray   20 April [1863]

Summary

Fears England and U. S. will drift into war; he and AG must "keep to Science".

Thanks for facts on Incas; regrets he has always avoided the case of man.

Has sent his Linum paper [Collected papers 2: 93–105].

Is it true that Ohio has legislated against marriage of cousins?

Can AG explain the invariable angles in phyllotaxy; are they the consequence of packing in the early bud?

Owen’s comments on heterogeny in the Athenæum [28 Mar 1863] have vexed W. B. Carpenter; CD has replied [Collected papers 2: 78–80].

Hopes AG will observe Gymnadenia; John Scott has been experimenting on its fertilisation.

Gives his observation on pollination of Cypripedium.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  20 Apr [1863]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (51)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4110

From Asa Gray   20 April 1863

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Summary

AG’s opinion of Lyell’s Antiquity of man.

Author:  Asa Gray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  20 Apr 1863
Classmark:  DAR 165: 134
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4112

To Asa Gray   11 May [1863]

Summary

CD despairs when men like AG and Lyell consider themselves incapable of judging on change of species by descent.

Is confused over phyllotaxy.

Has been looking at Plantago lanceolata.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  11 May [1863]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (59)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4153

From Asa Gray   26 May 1863

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Summary

Discusses recent correspondence in the Athenæum: the disagreement between Lyell and Hugh Falconer and Owen’s remarks on heterogeny [see 4110].

Briefly discusses orchids and some problems in phyllotaxy.

Mentions the political situation and the quarrelsome behaviour of the English.

Author:  Asa Gray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  26 May 1863
Classmark:  DAR 165: 135
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4186

To Asa Gray   31 May [1863]

Summary

AG’s review of Alphonse de Candolle’s paper [Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 35 (1863): 430–44] is excellent.

Does not AG consider that orchids oppose Oswald Heer’s view that species arise suddenly by monstrosities?

Infers that AG cannot explain the angles of phyllotaxy; has been looking at Carl Nägeli on the subject.

Reports Gaston de Saporta’s belief that natural selection will ultimately triumph in France.

Is working slowly at Variation.

Reports his observations on the imperfect flowers of Viola and Oxalis.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  31 May [1863]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (84)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4196

From Asa Gray   [10–16] June [1863]

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Summary

Possible dimorphism in Phlox.

Knows of no U. S. law prohibiting marriage of cousins.

Gives references to papers on phyllotaxy.

Author:  Asa Gray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [10–16] June [1863]
Classmark:  DAR 165: 136
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4198

To Asa Gray   26 June [1863]

Summary

Thanks AG for references about phyllotaxy

and information on marriage laws.

Has been looking for dimorphism in Phlox and Euonymus.

Has observed the irritability of tendrils of Echinocystis with great interest. Was also struck by the rotating movements of the leading shoots, which he proposes to investigate.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  26 June [1863]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (82)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4222

From Asa Gray to J. D. Hooker   6 July 1863

Summary

Includes comments about George Bentham’s anniversary address to the Linnean Society with particular notice of the favourable attention to Darwin, except for Natural Selection, and to AG’s essay in the Atlantic Monthly.

He defends [W. B.] Carpenter and [Jeffries] Wyman against [Richard] Owen.

Gossip about scientific honours and other matters.

Author:  Asa Gray
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  6 July 1863
Classmark:  Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Asa Gray correspondence: 328–9)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4232F

From Asa Gray   7 July 1863

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Summary

Has extracted CD’s Linum paper [Am. J. Sci. 2d ser. 36 (1863): 279–84].

Elaborate co-adaptations of orchids and insects demonstrate against "chance blows", whether few, as Oswald Heer would have, or many and slight as CD proposes.

Author:  Asa Gray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  7 July 1863
Classmark:  DAR 165: 127, 137
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4234

From Asa Gray   21 July 1863

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Summary

Gives some observations on Drosera.

Comments on Richard Owen’s "transmutation theory" in his aye-aye paper [Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 5 (1866): 33–101].

Author:  Asa Gray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  21 July 1863
Classmark:  DAR 165: 128, 138
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4248

To Asa Gray   4 August [1863]

Summary

Anticipated AG’s attitude on design in orchids. Does he not think that the variations that gave rise to fancy pigeon varieties were accidental?

Has been working hard at Lythrum

and spontaneous movements of tendrils.

Defends Drosera as a "sagacious animal" but does not know whether he will ever publish on it.

Comments on political situation in U. S.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Asa Gray
Date:  4 Aug [1863]
Classmark:  Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (83)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4262

From Asa Gray   1 September 1863

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Summary

Sees difficulties in adhering to the concept of design in nature.

Is surprised at Hooker’s and Daniel Oliver’s ignorance regarding spontaneous movements of tendrils.

CD should continue his work on climbing plants, "it will be fruitful in your hands".

Author:  Asa Gray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  1 Sept 1863
Classmark:  DAR 157.2: 108; DAR 165: 139, 140
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4288
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