To G. J. Romanes 24 January 1881
Summary
Describes difficulty of obtaining pigs for experiment.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | George John Romanes |
Date: | 24 Jan 1881 |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.580) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13024 |
To G. J. Romanes 28 January 1881
Summary
Has read with interest GJR’s review [of Samuel Butler, Unconscious memory (1880)] in Nature [23 (1880–1): 285–7]. Heroic of GJR to call down [Butler’s] revenge on his own head. Ernst Krause’s letter [Nature 23 (1880–1): 288] very good.
As magistrate, CD must enforce rules regarding infection in pigs.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | George John Romanes |
Date: | 28 Jan 1881 |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.581) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13029 |
Matches: 6 hits
- … To G. J. Romanes 28 January 1881 …
- … Society (Mss.B.D25.581) Charles Robert Darwin Down 28 Jan 1881 George John Romanes …
- … Krause ’s reply to Butler was published in Nature , 27 January 1881, p. 288. See letter to …
- … G. J. Romanes, 24 January 1881 . CD was a county magistrate for the Bromley division of …
- … Station | Orpington. S.E.R. ) Jan 28 th 1881 My dear Romanes I have just read your review …
- … 1880 ) was published in Nature , 27 January 1881, pp. 285–7. Butler remarked that Thomas …
To G. J. Romanes 11 February 1881
Summary
Thanks GJR for his second letter replying to Butler [Nature 23 (1880–1): 335–6].
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | George John Romanes |
Date: | 11 Feb 1881 |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.582) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13049 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … To G. J. Romanes 11 February 1881 …
- … Society (Mss.B.D25.582) Charles Robert Darwin Down 11 Feb 1881 George John Romanes …
- … Station | Orpington. S.E.R. ) Feb. 11 th . 1881 My dear Romanes I must write a few lines …
- … 1880 ) appeared in Nature , 10 February 1881, pp. 335–6. CD evidently thought that the …
From G. J. Romanes [6 or 13 or 20] March 1881
Summary
Intends experiment to see if cats released in country can find their way back.
Author: | George John Romanes |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | [6, 13 or 20] Mar 1881 |
Classmark: | E. D. Romanes 1896, p. 107 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13069 |
Matches: 7 hits
- … From G. J. Romanes [6 or 13 or 20] March 1881 …
- … E. D. Romanes 1896, p. 107 George John Romanes London, Cornwall Terrace, 18 6 Mar 1881 13 …
- … Mar 1881 20 …
- … Mar 1881 Charles Robert Darwin …
- … Terrace, Regent’s Park, N.W. : Sunday, March 1881. I have got a lot of cats waiting for me …
- … between this letter and the letter from G. J. Romanes, 24 March 1881 . These were …
- … the three Sundays in March before 24 March 1881. CD had been informed by Jean-Henri Fabre …
From G. J. Romanes 7 March 1881
Summary
Responds to MS of Earthworms. An objective but arbitrary test of intelligence in animals is the ability to learn from experience. Earthworms fall on the border of intelligence. They could justly be called intelligent if they could learn by experience to manipulate some unknown, exotic leaf. CD should make clear that intelligence does not imply self-consciousness.
Author: | George John Romanes |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 7 Mar 1881 |
Classmark: | DAR 176: 216 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13077 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … From G. J. Romanes 7 March 1881 …
- … 176: 216 George John Romanes London, Cornwall Park, 18 7 Mar 1881 Charles Robert Darwin …
- … Chronicle relating to the minds of animals ( letter to G. J. Romanes, 7 March [1881] ). …
- … Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1881. Irving, Washington [Geoffrey Crayon, pseud. ]. …
- … see letter to G. J. Romanes, 7 March [1881] and n. 3). The phrase, ‘them’s my sentiments’ …
To G. J. Romanes 7 March [1881]
Summary
Comments on the meaning of his definition of the term, "animal intelligence". Encloses further discussion from his forthcoming book [Earthworms].
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | George John Romanes |
Date: | 7 Mar [1881] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.584) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13075 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … To G. J. Romanes 7 March [1881] …
- … Society (Mss.B.D25.584) Charles Robert Darwin Down 7 Mar [1881] George John Romanes …
- … habits. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1881. Romanes, George John. 1882a. Animal …
- … the letter from G. J. Romanes, 7 March 1881 . No letter mentioning the index to Gardeners’ …
- … he was in London from 24 February to 3 March 1881 (see CD’s ‘Journal’ (Appendix II)). CD …
To G. J. Romanes 9 March [1881]
Summary
Comments on GJR’s view of animal consciousness. Mentions experiment on learning among worms.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | George John Romanes |
Date: | 9 Mar [1881] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.585) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13082 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … To G. J. Romanes 9 March [1881] …
- … Society (Mss.B.D25.585) Charles Robert Darwin Down 9 Mar [1881] George John Romanes …
- … between this letter and the letter from G. J. Romanes, 7 March 1881 . See letter from G. …
- … J. Romanes, 7 March 1881 . Romanes had advised CD to distinguish carefully between …
- … in order to pre-empt criticism (see letter from G. J. Romanes, 7 March 1881 and n. 3). …
From G. J. Romanes 24 March 1881
Summary
Suggests transplanting plant ovaries to test Pangenesis.
None of the cats released in experiment found its way back.
Author: | George John Romanes |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 24 Mar 1881 |
Classmark: | E. D. Romanes 1896, pp. 107–8 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13097 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … From G. J. Romanes 24 March 1881 …
- … 107–8 George John Romanes London, Cornwall Terrace, 18 24 Mar 1881 Charles Robert Darwin …
- … from G. J. Romanes, [6 or 13 or 20] March 1881 . Romanes was testing the homing ability of …
- … Terrace, Regent’s Park, N.W. : March 24, 1881. I write to ask you what you think of the …
To G. J. Romanes 26 March 1881
Summary
Discusses difficulties involved in plant experiment designed to test Pangenesis.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | George John Romanes |
Date: | 26 Mar 1881 |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.586) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13098 |
Matches: 6 hits
- … To G. J. Romanes 26 March 1881 …
- … Society (Mss.B.D25.586) Charles Robert Darwin Down 26 Mar 1881 George John Romanes …
- … of poppies. See letter from G. J. Romanes, 24 March 1881 ; see also letter from G. J. …
- … Romanes, [6 or 13 or 20] March 1881 and n. 2. …
- … Down, | Beckenham, Kent. Mar 26. 1881 My dear Romanes, You are very plucky about …
- … See letter from G. J. Romanes, 24 March 1881 . Romanes suggested inarching the ovaries of …
To G. J. Romanes 16 April 1881
Summary
Discusses concept of intelligence in his Earthworms manuscript.
Remarks on GJR’s work on echinoderms.
Comments on Wilhelm Roux [Der Kampf der Theile im Organismus (1881)].
Discusses animal instincts, citing Fabre’s description of sand-wasps.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | George John Romanes |
Date: | 16 Apr 1881 |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.587) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13118 |
Matches: 17 hits
- … To G. J. Romanes 16 April 1881 …
- … Society (Mss.B.D25.587) Charles Robert Darwin Down 16 Apr 1881 George John Romanes …
- … Der Kampf der Theile im Organismus (1881)]. Discusses animal instincts, citing Fabre’s …
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1881. Fabre, Jean-Henri. 1856. Étude sur l’ …
- … Railway Station | Orpington. S.E.R. ) Ap. 16 1881 My dear Romanes. My M.S. on worms has …
- … of Earthworms (see letter to G. J. Romanes, 7 March [1881] and n. 3, and letter from G. …
- … J. Romanes, 7 March 1881 ). In Earthworms , p. 95, CD cited Romanes on the nature of …
- … Romanes, George John and Ewart, James Cossar. 1881. Observations on the locomotor system …
- … of Echinodermata. [Read 24 March 1881. ] Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society …
- … of London 172: 829–85. Roux, Wilhelm. 1881. Der Kampf der Theile im Organismus. Ein …
- … published by him “Der Kampf der Theile &c” 1881. —(240 pages in length) He is manifestly a …
- … by Romanes and James Cossar Ewart ( G. J. Romanes and Ewart 1881 ) was published in …
- … Nature , 7 April 1881, pp. 545–7. Romanes probably …
- … a visit to Down from 15 to 17 January 1881 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242); see also …
- … struggle of the parts in the organism; Roux 1881 ) is in the Darwin Library–CUL. George …
- … pp. 104–7. Francis Darwin was CD’s secretary. Romanes reviewed Roux 1881 in Nature , …
- … 29 September 1881, pp. 505–6. Romanes was working on two books, Animal intelligence ( G. …
From G. J. Romanes 17 April 1881
Summary
Looks forward to reading CD’s Earthworms.
Agrees that habits of sand-wasp are determined by natural selection.
Experiment of exposing plants to flashing light gives uncertain result.
Author: | George John Romanes |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 17 Apr 1881 |
Classmark: | E. D. Romanes 1896, p. 112 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13123 |
Matches: 16 hits
- … From G. J. Romanes 17 April 1881 …
- … p. 112 George John Romanes London, Cornwall Terrace, 18 17 Apr 1881 Charles Robert Darwin …
- … See letter to G. J. Romanes, 16 April 1881 . See Earthworms , p. 95, and letter …
- … to G. J. Romanes, 16 April 1881 and n. 2. See letter …
- … to G. J. Romanes, 16 April 1881 and n. 4. The book …
- … The struggle between the parts of the organism; Roux 1881 ). See letter to G. …
- … habits. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1881. Fabre, Jean-Henri. 1879. Souvenirs …
- … Romanes, George John and Ewart, James Cossar. 1881. Observations on the locomotor system …
- … of Echinodermata. [Read 24 March 1881. ] Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society …
- … of London 172: 829–85. Roux, Wilhelm. 1881. Der Kampf der Theile im Organismus. Ein …
- … Terrace, Regent’s Park, N.W. : April 17, 1881. Your long letter has been most refreshing …
- … See letter to G. J. Romanes, 16 April 1881 and n. 7. Romanes refers to Mental evolution …
- … 303. See letter to G. J. Romanes, 16 April 1881 and nn. 7 and 8. For Jean-Henri Fabre ’s …
- … G. J. Romanes, [6 or 13 or 20] March 1881 and n. 3. CD had suggested the use of canary …
- … J. Romanes, 16 April 1881 and n. 3. CD had read an abstract of ‘Observations …
- … Echinodermata’ ( G. J. Romanes and Ewart 1881 ). CD and his son Francis Darwin had used a …
To G. J. Romanes 18 April 1881
Summary
Discusses GJR’s experiments on heliotropism in plants; views of Philippe van Tieghem and Julius von Wiesner. Describes his own experiments.
Mentions his letter on vivisection [to Frithiof Holmgren, see 13115] in the Times [18 Apr 1881].
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | George John Romanes |
Date: | 18 Apr 1881 |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.588) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13124 |
Matches: 11 hits
- … To G. J. Romanes 18 April 1881 …
- … Society (Mss.B.D25.588) Charles Robert Darwin Down 18 Apr 1881 George John Romanes …
- … his letter on vivisection [to Frithiof Holmgren, see 13115 ] in the Times [18 Apr 1881]. …
- … to the review ( Nature , 10 February 1881, pp. 335–6). Butler had made accusations against …
- … CD and Ernst Krause (see letter to G. J. Romanes, 11 February 1881 and n. 1). …
- … CD’s letter to Frithiof Holmgren, [14] April 1881 , was published in …
- … The Times , 18 April 1881, p. 10. …
- … Station | Orpington. S.E.R. ) Apr 18 th 1881. My dear Romanes I am extremely glad of your …
- … See letter from G. J. Romanes, 17 April 1881 and n. 7. Nitrate of silver (now more …
- … Tieghem 1884 ) was published in parts between 1881 and 1884; the first four parts are in …
- … s Unconscious memory ( Butler 1880 ) in Nature , 27 January 1881, pp. 285–7, followed by a …
From G. J. Romanes 22 April [1881]
Summary
Only more sensitive seedlings respond to flashing light.
CD’s letter to Times ["On vivisection", 22 Apr 1881] in every way admirable.
GJR to be Zoological Secretary of Linnean Society.
Has decided on arrangement of material for his books Animal intelligence [1882]
and Mental evolution in animals [1883].
Author: | George John Romanes |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 22 Apr [1881] |
Classmark: | E. D. Romanes 1896, p. 116 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13134 |
Matches: 9 hits
- … From G. J. Romanes 22 April [1881] …
- … 116 George John Romanes London, Cornwall Terrace, 18 22 Apr [1881] Charles Robert Darwin …
- … to Times ["On vivisection", 22 Apr 1881] in every way admirable. GJR to be Zoological …
- … between this letter and the letter to G. J. Romanes, 18 April 1881 . See letter to G. …
- … J. Romanes, 18 April 1881 and nn. 3 and 4. See …
- … letter to G. J. Romanes, 18 April 1881 and n. 8. CD’ …
- … vivisection ( letter to The Times , 21 April 1881 ) was a response to comments in a letter …
- … Cooper , seventh earl of Shaftesbury (both letters in The Times , 19 April 1881, p. 8). …
- … At the meeting of the Linnean Society on 24 May 1881, Romanes was duly elected zoological …
To G. J. Romanes 25 April 1881
Summary
Comments on GJR’s letter in the Times [25 Apr 1881] concerning vivisection. Mentions activity of anti-vivisectionists, G. R. Jesse and F. P. Cobbe.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | George John Romanes |
Date: | 25 Apr 1881 |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.589) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13138 |
Matches: 17 hits
- … To G. J. Romanes 25 April 1881 …
- … Society (Mss.B.D25.589) Charles Robert Darwin Down 25 Apr 1881 George John Romanes …
- … p. cxci, and 21 April 1881, p. cxcix. …
- … A paid advertisement by Jesse appeared in Nature , 28 April 1881, p. ccvii. …
- … on GJR’s letter in the Times [25 Apr 1881] concerning vivisection. Mentions activity of …
- … Station | Orpington. S.E.R. ) April 25. 1881 My dear Romanes I was very glad to read your …
- … See letter from G. J. Romanes, 22 April [1881] . Romanes’s letter …
- … was published in The Times , 25 April 1881, p. 10. In it, he defended John Scott Burdon …
- … were inhumane ( The Times , 23 April 1881, p. 8). Romanes stated that having worked in …
- … she had cited ( The Times , 23 April 1881, p. 8). Anti-vivisectionists, when barred from …
- … earlier, to CD with his letter of 19 April 1881 . More recent anti-vivisection letters in …
- … Kirkman , ‘The Endowment of Research’, Nature , 7 April 1881, p. clxxxii, 14 April 1882, …
- … to The Times , see the letter to Frithiof Holmgren, [14] April 1881 , and the letter to …
- … The Times , 21 April [1881] . See letter from G. …
- … R. Jesse, 22 April 1881 and n. 5; George Richard Jesse was founder of the Society for …
- … In his letter to the Lancet , 26 March 1881, p. 525, Jesse wrote that the society he …
- … In her letter in The Times , 19 April 1881, p. 8, Cobbe had quoted passages from the …
From G. J. Romanes 25 May [1881]
Summary
Suggests CD delay arrangements for his Linnean Society portrait. GJR thinks John Collier would be willing to paint it.
Author: | George John Romanes |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 25 May [1881] |
Classmark: | E. D. Romanes 1896, p. 118 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13173 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … From G. J. Romanes 25 May [1881] …
- … 118 George John Romanes London, Cornwall Terrace, 18 25 May [1881] Charles Robert Darwin …
- … the letter to G. J. Romanes, 27 May 1881 . James Murie was the librarian of the Linnean …
- … see letter from G. J. Romanes, 22 April [1881] and n. 4). John Collier was married to …
To G. J. Romanes 27 May 1881
Summary
Agrees to sit for portrait. Thinks John Collier is a good artist, an opinion based on his portrait of Hooker.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | George John Romanes |
Date: | 27 May 1881 |
Classmark: | Linnean Society of London (LL/4) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13178 |
Matches: 7 hits
- … To G. J. Romanes 27 May 1881 …
- … Society of London (LL/4) Charles Robert Darwin Down 27 May 1881 George John Romanes …
- … in the Lake District, from 3 June to 4 July 1881 ( Emma Darwin 's diary (DAR 242)). …
- … Station | Orpington. S.E.R. ) May 27 th 1881 My dear Romanes I thank you for your kind & …
- … See letter from G. J. Romanes, 25 May [1881] . James Murie , the librarian of the Linnean …
- … see letter from G. J. Romanes, 25 May [1881] ). John Collier was married to Thomas Henry …
- … of the Royal Society, 1 February 1881; Royal Society Miscellaneous Correspondence …
To G. J. Romanes 24 June [1881]
Summary
Discusses possible case of inherited memory involving Pompilus. Cites similar example of electric eel.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | George John Romanes |
Date: | 24 June [1881] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.530) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10813 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … To G. J. Romanes 24 June [1881] …
- … Society (Mss.B.D25.530) Charles Robert Darwin Down 24 June [1881] George John Romanes …
- … between this letter, the letter to G. J. Romanes, 16 April 1881 , and the letter from G. …
- … J. Romanes, 17 April 1881 . Pompilus is a genus of the family Pompilidae (spider wasps). …
- … see letter to G. J. Romanes, 16 April 1881 ). Fabre had referred to the genus Bembex (a …
To G. J. Romanes 27 June [1881]
Summary
CD is glad the portrait [of CD by John Collier] has been arranged; suggests dates, but feels he should have no say in the subscriptions or remuneration.
Thinks the Lakes are beautiful.
Is reading W. Graham’s The creed of science.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | George John Romanes |
Date: | 27 June [1881] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13221 |
Matches: 14 hits
- … To G. J. Romanes 27 June [1881] …
- … Society (Mss.B.D25. ) Charles Robert Darwin Patterdale 27 June [1881] George John Romanes …
- … with observations on their habits. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1881. Graham, …
- … William. 1881. The creed of science: religious, moral, and social. London: C. Kegan Paul & …
- … Co. Romanes, George John. 1881d. ‘Thought-reading’. Nature , 23 June 1881, pp. 171–2. …
- … year is established by the address. In 1881, the Darwins visited Patterdale in the Lake …
- … See letter from G. J. Romanes, 25 May [1881] . See n. 1, above. CD was correcting proof- …
- … reading’ had appeared in Nature , 23 June 1881 ( G. J. Romanes 1881a ). In the article, …
- … in his book, The creed of science ( Graham 1881 ), discussed how far philosophy, theology, …
- … raised to employ Collier (see letter from G. J. Romanes, 25 May [1881] , and letter to G. …
- … J. Romanes, 27 May 1881 ). CD had agreed to attend the luncheon for …
- … of the seventh International Medical Congress in London on 3 August 1881 (see letter from …
- … James Paget, 1 June 1881 and n. …
- … 1, and letter to James Paget, 3 June 1881 ). Romanes’s article ‘ …
From G. J. Romanes 1 July [1881]
Summary
Has told John Collier to write to CD to arrange for portrait.
Will read [W. Graham’s] Creed of science.
Has got into row with W. B. Carpenter over thought-reading.
Author: | George John Romanes |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 1 July [1881] |
Classmark: | E. D. Romanes 1896, p. 119 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13229 |
Matches: 13 hits
- … From G. J. Romanes 1 July [1881] …
- … 119 George John Romanes London, Cornwall Terrace, 18 1 July [1881] Charles Robert Darwin …
- … Sciences 48: 57–66. Graham, William. 1881. The creed of science: religious, moral, and …
- … this letter and the letter to G. J. Romanes, 27 May 1881 . John Collier . See letter to …
- … G. J. Romanes, 27 June [1881] . Romanes’s mother was Isabella Gair Rose Romanes ; his wife …
- … Kegan Paul, Trench, & Co. Roux, Wilhelm. 1881. Der Kampf der Theile im Organismus. Ein …
- … s portrait of Romanes has not been found, but is listed under 1881 in his sitters book. …
- … Graham 1881 . See letter to G. …
- … J. Romanes, 27 June [1881] . …
- … Roux 1881 ; see letter to G. …
- … J. Romanes, 16 April 1881 and n. 3. Romanes was working on his Animal intelligence ( G. …
- … titled ‘Thought-reading’, Nature , 23 June 1881, pp. 171–2, Romanes had criticised William …
- … thinkers’. In a letter to Nature , 30 June 1881, pp. 188–9, Carpenter wrote that he had …
To G. J. Romanes 4 July [1881]
Summary
Is returning to Down.
Rejoices that GJR writes so much in Nature.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | George John Romanes |
Date: | 4 July [1881] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.594) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13232 |
Matches: 10 hits
- … To G. J. Romanes 4 July [1881] …
- … Society (Mss.B.D25.594) Charles Robert Darwin Down 4 July [1881] George John Romanes …
- … J. Romanes, 16 April 1881 ) and …
- … Graham 1881 (see letter to G. …
- … J. Romanes, 27 June [1881] , and letter to …
- … William Graham, 3 July 1881 ). …
- … Bibliography Graham, William. 1881. The creed of science: religious, moral, and social. …
- … Kegan Paul, Trench, & Co. Roux, Wilhelm. 1881. Der Kampf der Theile im Organismus. Ein …
- … the letter from G. J. Romanes, 1 July [1881] . The Darwins were in the Lake District from …
- … was working on his Animal intelligence ( G. J. Romanes 1882 ). Roux 1881 (see letter to G. …
letter | (33) |
Darwin, C. R. | (22) |
Romanes, G. J. | (11) |
Romanes, G. J. | (22) |
Darwin, C. R. | (11) |
Darwin, C. R. | (33) |
Romanes, G. J. |
Darwin in letters, 1881: Old friends and new admirers
Summary
In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began writing about all the eminent men he had met. He embarked on this task, which formed an addition to his autobiography, because he had nothing else to do. He had…
Matches: 28 hits
- … In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, …
- … was another source of pleasure in the early months of 1881. This book had been a major undertaking …
- … making 2000’ ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 4 January 1881 ). Unlike Darwin’s other books, …
- … case is to me’ (letters to W. E. Darwin, 31 January [1881] and 19 February [1881] ). On 7 …
- … individual experience ( letter from G. J. Romanes, 7 March 1881 ). The difficulty with earthworms …
- … were trustworthy ( letter to Francis Galton, 8 March [1881] ). Although results from earlier …
- … ‘a game of chance’ ( letter to R. F. Cooke, 12 April 1881 ). On 18 May he described his work on …
- … annuals ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 21 March [1881] ). Darwin thought flowers of the semi- …
- … sulky in a day or two’ ( letter to R. F. Cooke, 29 July 1881 ). The degree of Darwin’s distress …
- … period of the season’ ( letter from R. F. Cooke, 30 July 1881 ). Darwin gave in. ‘I am now uneasy …
- … teacher told him ( letter from C. E. Södling, 14 October 1881 ), while H. M. Wallis, who sent …
- … general stock of knowledge’ ( letter to E. W. Bok, 10 May 1881 ). Josef Popper, an expert on …
- … any criticism’ ( letter to C. G. Semper, 19 July 1881 ). He continued his friendly disagreement …
- … of the Fuegians’ ( letter to W. P. Snow, 22 November 1881 ). Darwin received news about the …
- … on the shoulder (l etter from B. J. Sulivan, 18 March 1881 ). Among numerous new …
- … ( letter from Francisco de Arruda Furtado, 29 July 1881 ). Likewise, among the many books …
- … excellent Journal’ ( letter to G. J. Romanes, 4 July [1881] ). In these ways, Darwin kept up with …
- … conscious of it’ ( letter to Alexander Agassiz, 5 May 1881 ). His scientific friends, however, did …
- … on all our minds’ ( letter to John Lubbock, [18 September 1881] ). When Hooker, anxious about his …
- … much out’ of his mind ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 20 June [1881] ). Feeling ‘awfully guilty’ for …
- … & many a good fight’ (letters to J. D. Hooker, 6 August 1881 and 12 August 1881 ). …
- … on all physiologists’ ( letter to G. J. Romanes, 18 April 1881 ). A letter he had written to the …
- … & tear of controversy’ ( letter to G. R. Jesse, 23 April 1881 ). Later in the year, Darwin …
- … judgment on the subject ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 12 July 1881 ). However, some requests were …
- … intelligent man’ ( letter from G. J. Romanes, 1 July [1881] ). Despite this, Darwin thanked ‘all …
- … ‘go to the wall’ ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 19 November [1881] ). Darwin was as solicitous about …
- … no pretensions’ (l etter from W. E. Darwin, 13 January [1881 ]), Darwin immediately prepared a …
- … have occurred to him’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 29 January 1881 ). While Francis was …
Volume 29 (1881) is published!
Summary
In October 1881, Darwin published his last book, The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with observations on their habits. A slim volume on a subject that many people could understand and on which they had their own opinions, it went…
Matches: 8 hits
- … From the start of 1881, Darwin had his demise on his mind. He increasingly relied on his son …
- … now available. Read more about Darwin's life in 1881 in our Life in letters series …
- … received. Letter t o Francis Darwin, 9 November [1881] In October 1881, Darwin …
- … Letter to A. B. Buckley, 4 January 1881 In January, Darwin heard that …
- … do. Letter to J. D. Hooker, 15 June 1881 The Darwins spent June in the …
- … Letter to W. E. Darwin, 4 August [1881] In early August, Darwin …
- … Letter to T. H. Farrer, 28 August 1881 Darwin’s elder brother, …
- … Letter t o B. J. Sulivan, 1 December 1881 …
Intellectual capacities: From Caroline Kennard, 26 December 1881
Summary
We might assume that among female admirers of Darwin’s work, many would have been disappointed by his views on the comparative intellectual capacities of the sexes expressed in The Descent of Man (1872). This was certainly true of the American feminist…
Terms of engagement: To Julius Wiesner, 25 October 1881
Summary
Thomas Huxley’s pugnacious public defence of evolution led to his nickname ‘Darwin’s bulldog’ and to a view of Darwin as an evader of controversy. Darwin firmly believed that controversy rarely did any good, but this did not mean that he avoided challenges…
Matches: 1 hits
- … however, was tempered. Writing to Wiesner on 25 October 1881 , Darwin stated ‘I have no doubt …
Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small
Summary
In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…
Matches: 11 hits
- … in Down, where his brother Erasmus had been interred in 1881. But some of his scientific friends …
- … vol. 29, letter from Arthur de Souza Corrêa, 28 December 1881 ). Darwin had a long-running …
- … last book, Earthworms , had been published in October 1881. It proved to be very popular, with …
- … vol. 29, letter from J. F. Simpson, 8 November 1881 ). He remarked on the ‘far reaching …
- … Correspondence vol. 29, letter to Emily Talbot, 19 July 1881 ) was also published in the …
- … American, Caroline Kennard, had written on 26 December 1881 (see Correspondence vol. 29) to …
- … on the topic of science and art. He had sat for Collier in 1881 for a portrait commissioned by the …
- … letter from John Collier, 22 February 1882 ; T. H. Huxley 1881, pp. 199–245). Huxley used …
- … discoverer of tidal evolution’ ( Nature , 24 November 1881, p. 81). Darwin boasted to Rich: …
- … the birth of his first child (Erasmus Darwin) on 7 December 1881. Finally, Darwin had a second …
- … by Lyell’s sister-in-law Katherine (see K. M. Lyell ed. 1881, 2: 445–6). A complete draft and …
Alexander Burns Usborne
Summary
Alexander Burns Usborne was born in Kendal, Westmorland, in 1808, the son of Alexander and Margaret Usborne; his father died in 1818 and in his will was described as the purser on HMS Hannibal. His son joined the navy in 1825 aged 16 as a second-class…
1.18 John Collier, oil in Linnean
Summary
< Back to Introduction By 1881 it was clear to Darwin’s intimates that he was increasingly frail, and that, as he approached death, he had finally escaped from religious controversy to become a heroic figure, loved and venerated for his achievements…
Matches: 7 hits
- … < Back to Introduction By 1881 it was clear to Darwin’s intimates that he was …
- … Society in 1858. Moreover, the Society was now, in May 1881, dominated by Darwinians. Its President …
- … work and any other subject that cropped up.’ On 7 August 1881 Darwin was able to report to Romanes …
- … of image John Collier date of creation 1881 computer-readable date …
- … archive, manuscript letter LL/8, Darwin to Romanes, 27 May 1881. Correspondence between Darwin and …
- … Letter from Darwin to his son George, 23 July 1881, telling him the picture was finished (DCP-LETT …
- … pp. 118–121, correspondence between Romanes and Darwin in 1881 (DCP-LETT-13173, 13229, 13282). …
Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms
Summary
‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…
Matches: 3 hits
- … from scientific debate. The matter spilled over into January 1881. With Henrietta’s aid, the advice …
- … bags ( letter from G. J. Romanes, [6, 13, or 20] March 1881 ). Romanes was at work on a lengthy …
- … memorial was eventually submitted to Gladstone in January 1881 and was successful. For a copy of the …
Casting about: Darwin on worms
Summary
Earthworms were the subject of a citizen science project to map the distribution of earthworms across Britain (BBC Today programme, 26 May 2014). The general understanding of the role earthworms play in improving soils and providing nutrients for plants to…
Matches: 3 hits
Diagrams and drawings in letters
Summary
Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…
Matches: 1 hits
- … and the fertilisation of figs by Hymenoptera, 9 January 1881 CD's instructions to …
4.41 'Punch', Sambourne cartoon 2
Summary
< Back to Introduction In October 1881, Darwin was included in Linley Sambourne’s series of ‘Punch’s Fancy Portraits’ of celebrities as No. 54. While the caption recurs to the old theme of Darwin’s views on human ancestry, the drawing contains a more…
3.20 Elliott and Fry, c.1880-1, verandah
Summary
< Back to Introduction In photographs of Darwin taken c.1880-1, the expression of energetic thought conveyed by photographs of earlier years gives way to the pathos of evident physical frailty. While Collier’s oil portrait of this time emphasises…
Matches: 5 hits
- … and Letters of his father (1887), and there it was dated 1881. However, another photograph from …
- … by the National Portrait Gallery (NPG X5938) to 29 November 1881. However, Janet Browne points out …
- … of sadness at that time. In a letter to Hooker of 15 June 1881, echoed in another to B.J. Sulivan of …
- … of Elliott and Fry date of creation c.1880-1881 computer-readable date c …
- … and bibliography letters from Darwin to Hooker, 15 June 1881 (DCP-LETT-13207) and to B.J. Sulivan, …
Darwin's bad days
Summary
Despite being a prolific worker who had many successes with his scientific theorising and experimenting, even Darwin had some bad days. These times when nothing appeared to be going right are well illustrated by the following quotations from his letters:
Matches: 1 hits
- … Despite being a prolific worker who had many successes with his scientific theorising and …
Exercise: Caricatures of Science
Summary
Caricatures provide intriguing insights into both ideals and transgressions of gender. The following six images show caricatured representations of nineteenth-century men and women of science. They provide insight into the boundaries of what was deemed …
Matches: 1 hits
- … align="aligncenter" width="206"] Clémence Royer (1881)[/caption] …
3.18 Elliott and Fry photos, c.1869-1871
Summary
< Back to Introduction The leading photographic firm of Elliott and Fry seems to have portrayed Darwin at Down House on several occasions. In November 1869 Darwin told A. B. Meyer, who wanted photographs of both him and Wallace for a German…
Matches: 3 hits
3.21 Herbert Rose Barraud, photos
Summary
< Back to Introduction The successful portrait photographer Herbert Rose Barraud, who had studios in London and Liverpool, photographed Darwin in the summer of 1881, in a group of four or so close-up head-and-shoulders portraits. This was probably at…
Matches: 3 hits
4.42 'Punch' Sambourne cartoon 3
Summary
< Back to Introduction Linley Sambourne’s last caricature of Darwin, ‘Man is But a Worm’, was published in Punch’s Almanac for 1882 on 6 December 1881, only four months before Darwin’s death. Like Sambourne’s ‘Punch’s Fancy Portraits. No. 54. Charles…
Matches: 4 hits
- … published in Punch’s Almanac for 1882 on 6 December 1881, only four months before Darwin’s death …
- … No. 54. Charles Robert Darwin, LL.D., F.R.S.’ of October 1881, it is an affectionate and whimsical …
- … date of creation November-December 1881 computer-readable date 1881-11-01 to 1881-12-5 …
- … Punch’s Almanac for 1882 , issued 6 December 1881 (unpaginated). Janet Browne, Charles Darwin: …
Religion
Summary
Design|Personal Belief|Beauty|The Church Perhaps the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same can be said of the evolution controversy today; however the nature of the disputes and the manner in…
Earthworms
Summary
As with many of Darwin’s research topics, his interest in worms spanned nearly his entire working life. Some of his earliest correspondence about earthworms was written and received in the 1830s, shortly after his return from his Beagle voyage, and his…
Dipsacus and Drosera: Frank’s favourite carnivores
Summary
In Autumn of 1875, Francis Darwin was busy researching aggregation in the tentacles of Drosera rotundifolia (F. Darwin 1876). This phenomenon occurs when coloured particles within either protoplasm or the fluid in the cell vacuole (the cell sap) cluster…
Matches: 1 hits
- … again, for I am sure that it is worth it.’ As late as 1881, less than a year before his death, …