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To Alexander Agassiz 1 [June] 1881

Summary

Thanks AA for letter on coral reefs. "I used to think … that areas of elevation and of subsidence must – as a general rule be separated by a single great line of fissure, or rather of several".

Suggests that AA urge again his views on reappearance of old characters.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Alexander Agassiz
Date:	1 [June] 1881
Classmark:	DAR 143: 10
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-12965

Matches: 7 hits

… To Alexander Agassiz 1 [June] 1881 …
… DAR 143: 10 Charles Robert Darwin Down 1 [June] 1881 Alexander Agassiz …
… the letter to Alexander Agassiz, 5 May 1881 ). CD had a number of publications from the …
… Down. | Beckenham. Kent. Jan. 1 st . 1881. My dear Mr. Agassiz. I must write a line or …
… the letter from Alexander Agassiz, 19 May 1881 . The copyist evidently misread the date. …
… letter from Alexander Agassiz, 19 May 1881 . Agassiz had just returned from the Tortugas, …
… letter from Alexander Agassiz, 16 April 1881 and n. 4). In geological notes, CD described …

To C. E. Norton 1 June 1881

Summary

No Benjamin Franklin letters to Erasmus Darwin preserved.

Was inaccurate about Franklin’s nephews [in Erasmus Darwin].

Recounts story about Franklin at court of France.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Charles Eliot Norton
Date:	1 June 1881
Classmark:	Houghton Library, Harvard University (Charles Eliot Norton Papers, MS Am 1088.14: 1599)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13187

Matches: 10 hits

… To C. E. Norton 1 June 1881 …
… Papers, MS Am 1088.14: 1599) Charles Robert Darwin Down 1 June 1881 Charles Eliot Norton …
… in the Lake District from 2 June to 5 July 1881 ( Emma Darwin 's diary (DAR 242)). …
… William Erasmus Darwin arrived on 18 June 1881, but Sara Darwin did not come ( Emma …
… Darwin to H. E. Litchfield, [19] June 1881 (DAR 219.9: 266)). Sara was Norton’s sister-in- …
… See letter from C. E. Norton, 17 May 1881 . Norton had asked whether CD had any letters …
… Reginald Darwin . See letter to C. E. Norton, 30 April 1881 and n. 4, and letter from C. …
… Station | Orpington. S.E.R. ) June 1 st 1881 My dear M r Norton I write a line to thank …
… E. Norton, 17 May 1881 . Norton identified the nephews as Franklin’s grandsons William …
… 410–11; see letter from C. E. Norton, 17 May 1881 and n. 4). Sparks described Franklin’s …

From James Paget 1 June 1881

Summary

Asks CD to lunch to meet the Prince of Wales.

Author:	James Paget, 1st baronet
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	1 June 1881
Classmark:	DAR 202: 116
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13188

Matches: 9 hits

… From James Paget 1 June 1881 …
… 116 James Paget, 1st baronet London, Harewood Place, 1 1 June 1881 Charles Robert Darwin …
… Medical Congress took place in London from 2 to 9 August 1881 ( Transactions of the …
… International Medical Congress 1881 ). The …
… luncheon was held on 3 August 1881 and was attended by the prince of Wales, Albert …
… of the International Medical Congress 1881: Transactions of the International Medical …
… session, held in London, August 2d to 9th, 1881 . Prepared under the direction of William …
… MacCormac. 4 vols. London: J. W. Klockmann. 1881. …
… Harewood Place, | Hanover Square. | W. June 1. 1881. My dear Darwin I want you to grant me …

To James Dawson [3 June 1881]

Summary

Thanks JD for his book [Australian aborigines (1881)].

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	James Dawson
Date:	[3 June 1881]
Classmark:	DAR 202: 116v
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13192

Matches: 6 hits

… To James Dawson [3 June 1881] …
… Thanks JD for his book [ Australian aborigines (1881)]. …
… DAR 202: 116v Charles Robert Darwin unstated [3 June 1881] James Dawson …
… Bibliography Dawson, James. 1881. Australian aborigines: the languages and customs of …
… the relationship between this letter and the letter from James Dawson, 30 July 1881 . CD’s …
… annotated copy of Australian aborigines ( Dawson 1881 ) is in the Darwin Library–Down. …

To James Paget 3 June 1881

Summary

Is honoured by, and accepts JP’s invitation for 3 August.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	James Paget, 1st baronet
Date:	3 June 1881
Classmark:	Francisco Ayala (private collection)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13191

Matches: 5 hits

… To James Paget 3 June 1881 …
… private collection) Charles Robert Darwin Patterdale 3 June 1881 James Paget, 1st baronet …
… See letter from James Paget, 1 June 1881 and n. 1. …
… in the Lake District from 3 June to 4 July 1881 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). …
… House | Patterdale | Penrith June 3 d 1881 My dear Paget I am much obliged for your …

From Francis Darwin [before 4 June 1881]

Summary

Encloses letter from Elfving (not found). Should he publish on false circumnutation?

Author:	Francis Darwin
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	[before 4 June 1881]
Classmark:	DAR 274.1: 75
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13192F

Matches: 16 hits

… From Francis Darwin [before 4 June 1881] …
… DAR 274.1: 75 Francis Darwin Strasbourg [before 4 June 1881] Charles Robert Darwin …
… 1881b ) appeared in Botanische Zeitung , 29 July 1881, and contained three diagrams (see …
… letter from Francis Darwin, 19 [May 1881] and n. 4). Francis did discuss the false …
… Bibliography Behrens, Wilhelm. 1881. [Review of Alpenblumen by Hermann Müller. ] Kosmos …
… relationship between this letter and the letters to Francis Darwin of 30 May [1881] and …
… 4 [June 1881] . See …
… letter to Francis Darwin, 30 May [1881] ; the letter from Francis’s son, Bernard Darwin , …
… einzelligen Organe. Botanische Zeitung , 29 July 1881, pp. 473–80. Müller, Hermann. 1881a. …
… response in the fungus (see also letter from Francis Darwin, 19 [May 1881] and n. 3). …
… See letter to Francis Darwin, 30 May [1881] and n. 4. Eosine and fuchsine were colouring …
… appeared (see letter to Francis Darwin, 16 and 17 May 1881 and nn. 6 and 7). Francis …
… temperaments in his letter of 14 May 1881 . He had earlier told CD about other researchers …
… 1880 ). A positive review of the book by Wilhelm Behrens appeared in Kosmos , March 1881 ( …
… Behrens 1881 ). Francis had …
… reviewed the book in Nature , 10 February 1881, pp. 333–5. William Benjamin Carpenter was …

To Francis Darwin 4 [June 1881]

Summary

Has taken almost all FD’s corrections for chapter six [of Earthworms]. Is glad FD approves of the book.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Francis Darwin
Date:	4 [June 1881]
Classmark:	DAR 211: 80
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13193

Matches: 14 hits

… To Francis Darwin 4 [June 1881] …
… DAR 211: 80 Charles Robert Darwin Patterdale 4 [June 1881] Francis Darwin …
… Organe. Botanische Zeitung , 29 July 1881, pp. 473–80. Earthworms : The formation of …
… with observations on their habits. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1881. Elfving, …
… Fredrik. 1881. En obeaktad känslighet …
… hos Phycomyces. Botaniska Notiser (1881): 105–7. Elfving, Fredrik. 1882. Ueber eine …
… two. See letter from James Paget, 1 June 1881 . The prince of Wales was the future King …
… in the Lake District from 3 June to 4 July 1881 ( Emma Darwin 's diary (DAR 242)). CD and …
… letter from Francis Darwin, [before 4 June 1881] and n. 8. Francis was preparing a paper …
… paper appeared in Botanische Zeitung , 29 July 1881; no English abstract was published in …
… with his letter to CD of [before 4 June 1881] ; Elfving’s letter has not been found, but …
… to publish before Elfving (see letter from Francis Darwin, 19 [May 1881] and nn. 3 and 4). …
… response in Phycomyces nitens in Elfving 1881 . Elfving was studying the tropic effects of …
… substances. In his letter of [before 4 June 1881] , Francis had mentioned that both Anton …

From J. H. Gilbert 5 June 1881

Summary

Invites CD to visit Rothamsted. The experimental plots are at their best "as illustrating the vast influence of external conditions on the character and results of the struggle between the numerous components of an established mixed herbage".

Author:	Joseph Henry Gilbert
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	5 June 1881
Classmark:	DAR 165: 44
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13196

Matches: 6 hits

… From J. H. Gilbert 5 June 1881 …
… DAR 165: 44 Joseph Henry Gilbert Harpenden 5 June 1881 Charles Robert Darwin …
… and Joseph Dalton Hooker had travelled to Italy in the spring of 1881 (see letter from J. …
… D. Hooker, 24 February 1881 and n. 3). …
… France, Switzerland, and Germany in May and June 1881 ( J. L. Gray ed. 1893 , 2: 720–1). …
… Harpenden, | S t . Albans June 5 1881 Dear M r . Darwin— I hope you will not think me an …

From Leopold Sirk 5 June 1881

Summary

Austrian correspondent on proverbs, philosophy, and politics.

Author:	Leopold Sirk
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	5 June 1881
Classmark:	DAR 201: 36
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13195

Matches: 4 hits

… From Leopold Sirk 5 June 1881 …
… DAR 201: 36 Leopold Sirk unstated 5 June 1881 Charles Robert Darwin …
… Wien 5. Juni 1881 Dear Sir! I beg you to late translate sonly this lines, I hope to do …
… Vienna 5. June 1881 Dear Sir! I beg you to late translate sonly this lines, I hope to do …

To Francis Darwin [c. 6 June 1881]

Summary

Has accepted FD’s correction to chapter seven [of Earthworms].

Weather is bad; sky like lead and the lake as black as ink.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Francis Darwin
Date:	[c. 6 June 1881]
Classmark:	DAR 211: 81
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13194

Matches: 8 hits

… To Francis Darwin [ c . 6 June 1881] …
… DAR 211: 81 Charles Robert Darwin Patterdale [ c . 6 June 1881] Francis Darwin …
… of worms: with observations on their habits. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1881. …
… and the letter to Francis Darwin, 4 [June 1881] . William Clowes & Sons were printers to …
… proof-sheets for the concluding chapter of Earthworms on 5 June 1881 (see letter to …
… Francis Darwin, 4 [June 1881] ). The Darwins visited Patterdale …
… in the Lake District from 3 June to 4 July 1881 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). …
… Emma Darwin recorded that 6 and 7 June 1881 were both very cold, with a storm on 7 June ( …

To G. H. Darwin 8 June [1881]

Summary

Discusses a letter [not found] from R. S. Ball that has quite delighted him.

Describes events at Patterdale.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	George Howard Darwin
Date:	8 June [1881]
Classmark:	DAR 210.1: 104
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13197

Matches: 11 hits

… To G. H. Darwin 8 June [1881] …
… DAR 210.1: 104 Charles Robert Darwin Patterdale 8 June [1881] George Howard Darwin …
… Bibliography Ball, Robert Stawell. 1881. A glimpse through the corridors …
… of time. Nature , 24 November 1881, pp. …
… 79–84, 1 December 1881, pp. 103–7. Earthworms : The formation of vegetable mould through …
… of worms: with observations on their habits. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1881. …
… year is established by the address. In 1881, the Darwins visited Patterdale in the Lake …
… the ‘discoverer of tidal evolution’ ( Ball 1881 , p. 81). Ball praised George in a lecture …
… Engineers ( OED ). George arrived on 15 June 1881 and William Erasmus Darwin came on 18 …
… See letter from J. H. Gilbert, 5 June 1881 and n. 1. Gilbert and John Bennet Lawes had …
… see letter from G. H. Darwin, [ 9 June 1881] and n. 6). William Ralston Shedden-Ralston . …

To J. H. Gilbert 8 June 1881

Summary

Regrets that he has not strength enough to visit [Rothamsted].

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Joseph Henry Gilbert
Date:	8 June 1881
Classmark:	Rothamsted Research (GIL13)
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13198

Matches: 5 hits

… To J. H. Gilbert 8 June 1881 …
… Research (GIL13) Charles Robert Darwin Patterdale 8 June 1881 Joseph Henry Gilbert …
… See letter from J. H. Gilbert, 5 June 1881 and n. 1. John Bennet Lawes had founded the …
… in the Lake District from 3 June to 4 July 1881 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). …
… House | Patterdale, Penrith June 8 th 1881. My dear D r Gilbert I sh d . be the most …

From R. A. Blair 9 June 1881

Summary

Mentions Mastodon remains that he has seen.

Praises CD and his work.

Author:	Reuben Almond Blair
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	9 June 1881
Classmark:	DAR 201: 5
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13200

Matches: 4 hits

… From R. A. Blair 9 June 1881 …
… DAR 201: 5 Reuben Almond Blair Sedalia, Mo. 9 June 1881 Charles Robert Darwin …
… newspapers (see, for example, Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper , 8 January 1881, p. …
… 319, and 15 January 1881, p. 335). …

From G. H. Darwin [9 June 1881]

Summary

Has nearly finished his mathematical paper.

Is not sure when he will go to Patterdale.

Author:	George Howard Darwin
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	[9 June 1881]
Classmark:	DAR 210.2: 88
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13199

Matches: 12 hits

… From G. H. Darwin [9 June 1881] …
… 88 George Howard Darwin Trinity College, Cambridge [9 June 1881] Charles Robert Darwin …
… of continents and mountains. [Read 16 June 1881. ] Philosophical Transactions of the Royal …
… Penrith Railway. Robert Stawell Ball ; see letter to G. H. Darwin, 8 June [1881] and n. 2. …
… Recent progress in astronomy’, was given on 4 June 1881 and was reported at length in …
… the Dublin Daily Express , 6 June 1881, p. 7. …
… by the relationship between this letter and the letter to G. H. Darwin, 8 June [1881] . …
… In 1881, the Thursday after 8 June was 9 June. CD had asked George to find out the full …
… found (see letter to G. H. Darwin, 8 June [1881] ). The letter from Francis Darwin has not …
… Francis to CD was that of [before 4 June 1881] . George’s paper ‘On the stresses caused in …
… was received at the Royal Society of London on 11 June 1881 ( G. H. Darwin 1881b ). …
… at Patterdale in the Lake District on 15 June 1881; Henrietta Emma Litchfield , with, …

From L. M. Forster to H. E. Litchfield [11 June 1881]

Summary

On flowers bending towards light reflected in a mirror.

Author:	Laura Mary Forster
Addressee:	Henrietta Emma Darwin; Henrietta Emma Litchfield
Date:	[11 June 1881]
Classmark:	DAR 164: 158
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-12960

Matches: 7 hits

… From L. M. Forster to H. E. Litchfield [11 June 1881] …
… 164: 158 Laura Mary Forster unstated [11 June 1881] Henrietta Emma Darwin/Henrietta Emma …
… London ( Belfast Newsletter , 17 June 1881). Northcote’s mother, Cecilia Frances …
… from Laura Forster to Ida Darwin, 12 June 1881 (CUL Add MS 9368.1: 9533), and by reference …
… Northcote ; he married Hilda Cardew Farrar on 14 June 1881 at St Margaret’s, Westminster, …
… and diaheliotropism (see letter to Fritz Müller, 23 February 1881 , letter from Francis …
… Darwin, 17 June 1881 and n. 1, and Movement in plants , p. 5). Longcross is a hamlet near …

From J. D. Hooker 12 June 1881

Summary

Has struggled for months with complexity of structure and distribution of palms for Genera plantarum.

Author:	Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	12 June 1881
Classmark:	DAR 104: 150–1
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13201

Matches: 7 hits

… From J. D. Hooker 12 June 1881 …
… DAR 104: 150–1 Joseph Dalton Hooker Kew 12 June 1881 Charles Robert Darwin …
… had travelled to Italy in the spring of 1881 with Hooker and Asa and Jane Loring Gray (see …
… letter from J. D. Hooker, 24 February [1881] ). Knockholt, Kent, is several miles south- …
… of Science, which met at York from 31 August to 7 September 1881; John Lubbock was …
… the president in 1881 ( Report of the 51st meeting of the British …
… the Advancement of Science, held at York (1881)). Hooker’s section on palms appeared in …

From Francisco de Arruda Furtado 13 June 1881

Summary

Offers his services to CD as an observer in the Azores. Has studied the local natural history and is a great disciple of CD’s.

Author:	Francisco de Arruda Furtado
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	13 June 1881
Classmark:	DAR 159: 114b, 114c
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13203

Matches: 5 hits

… From Francisco de Arruda Furtado 13 June 1881 …
… DAR 159: 114b, 114c Francisco de Arruda Furtado Azores 13 June 1881 Charles Robert Darwin …
… Ile St. Michel (Açores) 13 June 1881 M r . Charles Darwin très honoré Monsieur Je suis né …
… São Miguel Island (Azores) 13 June 1881 M r . Charles Darwin Very honoured sir I was born …
… Annals and Magazine of Natural History , March 1881 ( Arruda Furtado 1881a ). Miall later …

From Anthony Rich 13 June 1881

Summary

The Huxleys have visited; CD may come soon.

Author:	Anthony Rich
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	13 June 1881
Classmark:	DAR 176: 149
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13202

Matches: 21 hits

… From Anthony Rich 13 June 1881 …
… DAR 176: 149 Anthony Rich Worthing 13 June 1881 Charles Robert Darwin …
… praising his work on tidal evolution (see letter to G. H. Darwin, 8 June [1881] and n. 2). …
… Bibliography Carlyle, Thomas. 1881. Reminiscences. Edited by James Anthony Froude. 2 vols. …
… Green, and Co. Hill, George Birkbeck, ed. 1881. Colonel Gordon in Central Africa, 1874– …
… bequeathing his house to Huxley (see letter from T. H. Huxley, 6 March 1881 and n. 1). …
… went to Heene, Worthing, on 8 September 1881 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). They …
… see letter from Anthony Rich, 25 August 1881 and n. 2). The Darwins were visiting the Lake …
… had travelled to Madeira in early February 1881 for a convalescent stay and arrived back …
… end of March ( letter to W. E. Darwin, 4 February [1881] ; letter from Emma Darwin to G. …
… H. Darwin, 23 March 1881 (DAR 210.3: 6); Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). George had …
… in 1879; Marshall had visited CD on 8 June 1881 and probably offered the Darwins access to …
… for walks (see letter to G. H. Darwin, 8 June [1881] ). Marshall was the son of James …
… Thomas Carlyle ’s Reminiscences ( Carlyle 1881 , 2: 219–20). Erasmus Alvey Darwin was CD’s …
… waste the least thought on it’ ( Carlyle 1881 , 2: 208). Erasmus had been a good friend of …
… 3 November 1880 ). Colonel Gordon in Central Africa ( Hill ed. 1881 ) was published in the …
… second half of May 1881 ( Publishers’ Circular , …
… 1 June 1881, p. 442). Charles George Gordon was a British army officer. Calends was the …
… off his horse, hitting his head, in March 1881; he had also suffered a serious fall in …
… 1876 (see letter from W. E. Darwin, [13 March 1881] and n. 4). …
… joined the Darwins at Patterdale on 15 June 1881, while William arrived on 18 June ( Emma …

To William and Anne Siemens 13 June 1881

Summary

Regrets that CD’s health does not allow him to accept any invitations.

Author:	Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:	Charles William (William) Siemens; Anne Gordon; Anne Siemens
Date:	13 June 1881
Classmark:	English Electric Co. 1953, p. 165
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13203F

Matches: 4 hits

… To William and Anne Siemens 13 June 1881 …
… p. 165 Charles Robert Darwin Penrith 13 June 1881 Charles William (William) Siemens Anne …
… in the Lake District from 2 June to 5 July 1881 ( Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242)). …
… Potterdale, Penrith June 13th, 1881 Mr. Darwin is very much obliged to Mr. and Mrs. …

From R. M. Lloyd 14 June 1881

Summary

Although CD says in Expression that foxes are not known to lick hands of their masters, RML can report a case of such an occurrence.

Author:	Richard Mosley Lloyd
Addressee:	Charles Robert Darwin
Date:	14 June 1881
Classmark:	DAR 170: 5
Letter no:	DCP-LETT-13204

Matches: 2 hits

… From R. M. Lloyd 14 June 1881 …
… Birmingham Natural History and Microscopical Society 14 June 1881 Charles Robert Darwin …

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1881 in keywords

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Darwin in letters, 1881: Old friends and new admirers

Summary

In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, began writing about all the eminent men he had met. He embarked on this task, which formed an addition to his autobiography, because he had nothing else to do. He had…

Matches: 28 hits

… In May 1881, Darwin, one of the best-known celebrities in England if not the world, …
… was another source of pleasure in the early months of 1881. This book had been a major undertaking …
… making 2000’ ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 4 January 1881 ). Unlike Darwin’s other books, …
… case is to me’ (letters to W. E. Darwin, 31 January [1881] and 19 February [1881] ). On 7 …
… individual experience ( letter from G. J. Romanes, 7 March 1881 ). The difficulty with earthworms …
… were trustworthy ( letter to Francis Galton, 8 March [1881] ). Although results from earlier …
… ‘a game of chance’ ( letter to R. F. Cooke, 12 April 1881 ). On 18 May he described his work on …
… annuals ( letter to W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 21 March [1881] ). Darwin thought flowers of the semi- …
… sulky in a day or two’ ( letter to R. F. Cooke, 29 July 1881 ). The degree of Darwin’s distress …
… period of the season’ ( letter from R. F. Cooke, 30 July 1881 ). Darwin gave in. ‘I am now uneasy …
… teacher told him ( letter from C. E. Södling, 14 October 1881 ), while H. M. Wallis, who sent …
… general stock of knowledge’ ( letter to E. W. Bok, 10 May 1881 ). Josef Popper, an expert on …
… any criticism’ ( letter to C. G. Semper, 19 July 1881 ). He continued his friendly disagreement …
… of the Fuegians’ ( letter to W. P. Snow, 22 November 1881 ). Darwin received news about the …
… on the shoulder (l etter from B. J. Sulivan, 18 March 1881 ). Among numerous new …
… ( letter from Francisco de Arruda Furtado, 29 July 1881 ). Likewise, among the many books …
… excellent Journal’ ( letter to G. J. Romanes, 4 July [1881] ). In these ways, Darwin kept up with …
… conscious of it’ ( letter to Alexander Agassiz, 5 May 1881 ). His scientific friends, however, did …
… on all our minds’ ( letter to John Lubbock, [18 September 1881] ). When Hooker, anxious about his …
… much out’ of his mind ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 20 June [1881] ). Feeling ‘awfully guilty’ for …
… & many a good fight’ (letters to J. D. Hooker, 6 August 1881 and 12 August 1881 ). …
… on all physiologists’ ( letter to G. J. Romanes, 18 April 1881 ). A letter he had written to the …
… & tear of controversy’ ( letter to G. R. Jesse, 23 April 1881 ). Later in the year, Darwin …
… judgment on the subject ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 12 July 1881 ). However, some requests were …
… intelligent man’ ( letter from G. J. Romanes, 1 July [1881] ). Despite this, Darwin thanked ‘all …
… ‘go to the wall’ ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 19 November [1881] ). Darwin was as solicitous about …
… no pretensions’ (l etter from W. E. Darwin, 13 January [1881 ]), Darwin immediately prepared a …
… have occurred to him’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 29 January 1881 ). While Francis was …

Volume 29 (1881) is published!

Summary

In October 1881, Darwin published his last book, The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms: with observations on their habits. A slim volume on a subject that many people could understand and on which they had their own opinions, it went…

Matches: 8 hits

… From the start of 1881, Darwin had his demise on his mind. He increasingly relied on his son …
… now available. Read more about Darwin's life in 1881 in our Life in letters series …
… received. Letter t o Francis Darwin, 9 November [1881] In October 1881, Darwin …
… Letter to A. B. Buckley, 4 January 1881 In January, Darwin heard that …
… do. Letter to J. D. Hooker, 15 June 1881 The Darwins spent June in the …
… Letter to W. E. Darwin, 4 August [1881] In early August, Darwin …
… Letter to T. H. Farrer, 28 August 1881 Darwin’s elder brother, …
… Letter t o B. J. Sulivan, 1 December 1881 …

Intellectual capacities: From Caroline Kennard, 26 December 1881

Summary

We might assume that among female admirers of Darwin’s work, many would have been disappointed by his views on the comparative intellectual capacities of the sexes expressed in The Descent of Man (1872). This was certainly true of the American feminist…

Matches: 2 hits

… as she clearly had not read Descent when, in December 1881, she heard a paper at the New England …
… Club (of which she was a staunch member). On 26 December 1881 , she wrote to ask Darwin ‘whether …

Terms of engagement: To Julius Wiesner, 25 October 1881

Summary

Thomas Huxley’s pugnacious public defence of evolution led to his nickname ‘Darwin’s bulldog’ and to a view of Darwin as an evader of controversy. Darwin firmly believed that controversy rarely did any good, but this did not mean that he avoided challenges…

Matches: 1 hits

… however, was tempered. Writing to Wiesner on 25 October 1881 , Darwin stated ‘I have no doubt …

Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small

Summary

In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…

Matches: 11 hits

… in Down, where his brother Erasmus had been interred in 1881. But some of his scientific friends …
… vol. 29, letter from Arthur de Souza Corrêa, 28 December 1881 ). Darwin had a long-running …
… last book, Earthworms , had been published in October 1881. It proved to be very popular, with …
… vol. 29, letter from J. F. Simpson, 8 November 1881 ). He remarked on the ‘far reaching …
… Correspondence vol. 29, letter to Emily Talbot, 19 July 1881 ) was also published in the …
… American, Caroline Kennard, had written on 26 December 1881 (see Correspondence vol. 29) to …
… on the topic of science and art. He had sat for Collier in 1881 for a portrait commissioned by the …
… letter from John Collier, 22 February 1882 ; T. H. Huxley 1881, pp. 199–245). Huxley used …
… discoverer of tidal evolution’ ( Nature , 24 November 1881, p. 81). Darwin boasted to Rich: …
… the birth of his first child (Erasmus Darwin) on 7 December 1881. Finally, Darwin had a second …
… by Lyell’s sister-in-law Katherine (see K. M. Lyell ed. 1881, 2: 445–6). A complete draft and …

Alexander Burns Usborne

Summary

Alexander Burns Usborne was born in Kendal, Westmorland, in 1808, the son of Alexander and Margaret Usborne; his father died in 1818 and in his will was described as the purser on HMS Hannibal. His son joined the navy in 1825 aged 16 as a second-class…

Matches: 2 hits

… one called Beagle , in Plymouth harbour, until 1881 . He died in 1885, aged 76. His sister …
… 1861 (RG 9/1428/56/38), 1871 (RG10/2106/42/4), 1881 (RG11/2185/145/41) L. S. Dawson. 1885. …

1.18 John Collier, oil in Linnean

Summary

< Back to Introduction By 1881 it was clear to Darwin’s intimates that he was increasingly frail, and that, as he approached death, he had finally escaped from religious controversy to become a heroic figure, loved and venerated for his achievements…

Matches: 7 hits

… < Back to Introduction By 1881 it was clear to Darwin’s intimates that he was …
… Society in 1858. Moreover, the Society was now, in May 1881, dominated by Darwinians. Its President …
… work and any other subject that cropped up.’ On 7 August 1881 Darwin was able to report to Romanes …
… of image John Collier   date of creation 1881   computer-readable date …
… archive, manuscript letter LL/8, Darwin to Romanes, 27 May 1881. Correspondence between Darwin and …
… Letter from Darwin to his son George, 23 July 1881, telling him the picture was finished (DCP-LETT …
… pp. 118–121, correspondence between Romanes and Darwin in 1881 (DCP-LETT-13173, 13229, 13282). …

Darwin in letters, 1880: Sensitivity and worms

Summary

‘My heart & soul care for worms & nothing else in this world,’ Darwin wrote to his old Shrewsbury friend Henry Johnson on 14 November 1880. Darwin became fully devoted to earthworms in the spring of the year, just after finishing the manuscript of…

Matches: 3 hits

… from scientific debate. The matter spilled over into January 1881. With Henrietta’s aid, the advice …
… bags ( letter from G. J. Romanes, [6, 13, or 20] March 1881 ). Romanes was at work on a lengthy …
… memorial was eventually submitted to Gladstone in January 1881 and was successful. For a copy of the …

Casting about: Darwin on worms

Summary

Earthworms were the subject of a citizen science project to map the distribution of earthworms across Britain (BBC Today programme, 26 May 2014). The general understanding of the role earthworms play in improving soils and providing nutrients for plants to…

Matches: 3 hits

… , with observations on their habits, which was published in 1881. Despite Darwin’s fears that a book …
… earthworms. Although his monograph was not published until 1881, he had long been interested in …
… anyone wd suppose’ ( letter to W. E. Darwin, 31 January [1881] (CUL DAR 210.6: 173)). …

Diagrams and drawings in letters

Summary

Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…

Matches: 1 hits

… and the fertilisation of figs by Hymenoptera, 9 January 1881 CD's instructions to …

4.41 'Punch', Sambourne cartoon 2

Summary

< Back to Introduction In October 1881, Darwin was included in Linley Sambourne’s series of ‘Punch’s Fancy Portraits’ of celebrities as No. 54. While the caption recurs to the old theme of Darwin’s views on human ancestry, the drawing contains a more…

Matches: 3 hits

… < Back to Introduction In October 1881, Darwin was included in Linley Sambourne’s …
… Linley Sambourne   date of creation October 1881   computer-readable date 1881 …
… references and bibliography Punch vol. 81 (22 October 1881), p. 190. Janet Browne, Charles …

3.20 Elliott and Fry, c.1880-1, verandah

Summary

< Back to Introduction In photographs of Darwin taken c.1880-1, the expression of energetic thought conveyed by photographs of earlier years gives way to the pathos of evident physical frailty. While Collier’s oil portrait of this time emphasises…

Matches: 5 hits

… and Letters of his father (1887), and there it was dated 1881. However, another photograph from …
… by the National Portrait Gallery (NPG X5938) to 29 November 1881. However, Janet Browne points out …
… of sadness at that time. In a letter to Hooker of 15 June 1881, echoed in another to B.J. Sulivan of …
… of Elliott and Fry   date of creation c.1880-1881   computer-readable date c …
… and bibliography letters from Darwin to Hooker, 15 June 1881 (DCP-LETT-13207) and to B.J. Sulivan, …

Darwin's bad days

Summary

Despite being a prolific worker who had many successes with his scientific theorising and experimenting, even Darwin had some bad days. These times when nothing appeared to be going right are well illustrated by the following quotations from his letters:

Matches: 1 hits

… Despite being a prolific worker who had many successes with his scientific theorising and …

Exercise: Caricatures of Science

Summary

Caricatures provide intriguing insights into both ideals and transgressions of gender. The following six images show caricatured representations of nineteenth-century men and women of science. They provide insight into the boundaries of what was deemed …

Matches: 1 hits

… align="aligncenter" width="206"] Clémence Royer (1881)[/caption] …

3.18 Elliott and Fry photos, c.1869-1871

Summary

< Back to Introduction The leading photographic firm of Elliott and Fry seems to have portrayed Darwin at Down House on several occasions. In November 1869 Darwin told A. B. Meyer, who wanted photographs of both him and Wallace for a German…

Matches: 3 hits

… by Edmond Barbier and published in Paris by C. Reinwald in 1881. The frontispiece to Henry Alleyne …
… agree to another session at Down with their photographer in 1881. physical location …
… influence on horticulture (DAR 140.1.4) was reprinted in 1881 (DAR 140 1.33) and for an obituary …

3.21 Herbert Rose Barraud, photos

Summary

< Back to Introduction The successful portrait photographer Herbert Rose Barraud, who had studios in London and Liverpool, photographed Darwin in the summer of 1881, in a group of four or so close-up head-and-shoulders portraits. This was probably at…

Matches: 3 hits

… London and Liverpool, photographed Darwin in the summer of 1881, in a group of four or so close-up …
… Barraud for photographs, presumably these ones, on 6 July 1881, establishing their approximate date …
… Herbert Rose Barraud   date of creation 1881   computer-readable date c.1881-01 …

4.42 'Punch' Sambourne cartoon 3

Summary

< Back to Introduction Linley Sambourne’s last caricature of Darwin, ‘Man is But a Worm’, was published in Punch’s Almanac for 1882 on 6 December 1881, only four months before Darwin’s death. Like Sambourne’s ‘Punch’s Fancy Portraits. No. 54. Charles…

Matches: 4 hits

… published in Punch’s Almanac for 1882 on 6 December 1881, only four months before Darwin’s death …
… No. 54. Charles Robert Darwin, LL.D., F.R.S.’ of October 1881, it is an affectionate and whimsical …
… date of creation November-December 1881   computer-readable date 1881-11-01 to 1881-12-5 …
… Punch’s Almanac for 1882 , issued 6 December 1881 (unpaginated). Janet Browne, Charles Darwin: …

Religion

Summary

Design|Personal Belief|Beauty|The Church Perhaps the most notorious realm of controversy over evolution in Darwin's day was religion. The same can be said of the evolution controversy today; however the nature of the disputes and the manner in…

Matches: 2 hits

… Letter 13230 — Darwin, C. R. to Graham, William, 3 July 1881 Darwin praises Graham’s Creed …
… — Darwin, C. R. to Fegan, J. W. C., [Dec 1880 – Feb 1881] Darwin writes to J. W. C Fegan, a …

Earthworms

Summary

As with many of Darwin’s research topics, his interest in worms spanned nearly his entire working life. Some of his earliest correspondence about earthworms was written and received in the 1830s, shortly after his return from his Beagle voyage, and his…

Matches: 3 hits

… Geological Society (Ser. 2) 5:505-509. Darwin, C.R. 1881. The Formation of Vegetable Mould, …
… Mary Catherine Stanley (Lady Derby) to Darwin, 16 October 1881 Among pleasantries about the …
… Vegetable Mould and Earth-Worms (London: John Murray, 1881), 26. [2] Ibid., 26-27. …

Dipsacus and Drosera: Frank’s favourite carnivores

Summary

In Autumn of 1875, Francis Darwin was busy researching aggregation in the tentacles of Drosera rotundifolia (F. Darwin 1876). This phenomenon occurs when coloured particles within either protoplasm or the fluid in the cell vacuole (the cell sap) cluster…

Matches: 1 hits

… again, for I am sure that it is worth it.’ As late as 1881, less than a year before his death, …

Page: 1 2 3 4 Next

Darwin, C. R.	(27)
Darwin, Francis	(4)
Hooker, J. D.	(2)
Arruda Furtado, Francisco de	(1)
Blair, R. A.	(1)

Darwin, C. R.	(22)
Darwin, Francis	(5)
Haeckel, Ernst	(2)
Hooker, J. D.	(2)
Huxley, T. H.	(2)

Darwin, C. R.	(49)
Darwin, Francis	(9)
Hooker, J. D.	(4)
Haeckel, Ernst	(3)
Huxley, T. H.	(3)

	Beagle voyage networks	(4)
	Correspondents	(12)
	CCD intro	(4)
	Featured	(5)
	Life sciences	(4)
	Natural selections: a longer read	(2)
	Religion	(2)
	About Darwin	(1)
	Darwin's controversies	(3)
	Historical documents	(1)
	Publishers artists and illustrators	(3)
	Key correspondents	(3)
	Survival of the fittest	(2)
	Human nature	(3)
	Descent of man	(2)
	Readers and critics	(1)
	Geology	(2)
	Darwin's scientific network	(1)
	health	(1)
	audio	(2)
	language	(1)
	Sexual selection	(1)
	carnivorous plants	(1)
	Coral reefs	(1)
	spiritualism	(1)
	Descent	(1)
	disagreement	(1)
	expression	(1)
	Mivart	(1)
	morality	(1)
	Pangenesis	(1)
	reaction	(1)
	worms	(1)
	drama	(1)

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