From Raphael Meldola 6 February 1879
Summary
Has arranged for publication of his translation of Weismann.
S. H. Scudder article on sexual dimorphism in butterflies [Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci. 12 (1877): 150–8].
Author: | Raphael Meldola |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 6 Feb 1879 |
Classmark: | DAR 171: 134 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11861 |
From George Henslow 8 February 1879
Summary
GH no longer believes in the value of cross-fertilisation in plants.
Author: | George Henslow |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 8 Feb 1879 |
Classmark: | DAR 166: 175 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11864 |
To Raphael Meldola 7 February 1879
Summary
Wishes to subscribe to RM’s translation of Weismann.
Has seen Scudder’s article.
A. R. Wallace’s article ["Animals and their native countries", Nineteenth Century 5 (1879): 247–59] is excellent.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Raphael Meldola |
Date: | 7 Feb 1879 |
Classmark: | Oxford University Museum of Natural History (Hope Entomological Collections 1350: Hope/Westwood Archive, Darwin folder) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11862 |
From W. T. Thiselton-Dyer [20 January 1879]
Summary
H. N. Moseley says [in "Notes on plants collected and observed at the Admiralty Islands", J. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.) 15 (1877): 77] pigeons eject seeds in fit state for germination. He regards pigeons as providing most efficient means of transport in Malayan Archipelago.
CD’s collected notes on geographical distribution would make a good book.
Author: | William Turner Thiselton-Dyer |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | [20 Jan 1879] |
Classmark: | DAR 205.2: 260 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10341 |
From Robert Tachau 9 May 1879
Summary
Are modifications in human form and intellect due solely to natural selection or do altered external conditions also play a role?
Author: | Robert Tachau |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 9 May 1879 |
Classmark: | DAR 178: 1 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-12044 |
From Ernst Haeckel 9 February 1879
Summary
Sends birthday wishes.
Comments on progress of CD’s theory in Germany. Mentions opposition of Rudolf Virchow and his reply Freie Wissenschaft und freie Lehre [1878].
Describes research trip to Brittany and Normandy.
Research on Challenger Radiolaria.
Author: | Ernst Philipp August (Ernst) Haeckel |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 9 Feb 1879 |
Classmark: | DAR 166: 72 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11865 |
From D. Appleton & Co. 1 February 1879
Summary
Statement of U.S. sales of CD’s works.
Author: | D. Appleton & Co |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 1 Feb 1879 |
Classmark: | DAR 159: 104 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11855 |
From R. A. Vance 10 November 1879
Summary
Sends his article ["Diseases of the rectum", Cincinnati Lancet & Obs. 21 (1878): 224–41] through his friend, Dr Letcher.
Author: | Reuben Aleshire Vance |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 10 Nov 1879 |
Classmark: | DAR 180: 2 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-12306 |
From C.-F. Reinwald 17 April 1879
Summary
Second edition of Edmond Barbier’s revised translation of Origin selling out; third one to be published.
A new edition of Variation, virtually retranslated by Barbier, is in press.
Second edition of Descent selling out.
CD’s botanical books are losing money.
Author: | Charles-Ferdinand Reinwald |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 17 Apr 1879 |
Classmark: | DAR 176: 109 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11998 |
From Grant Allen 21 February [1879]
Summary
Thanks for criticisms of Colour-sense.
Clarifies his views that actions desirable for species result in development of nervous organs capable of pleasurable stimulation.
Believes that all "tastes" occurring in nature are explicable with reference to ancestral habits and that none is purely arbitrary.
Author: | Charles Grant Blairfindie (Grant) Allen |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 21 Feb [1879] |
Classmark: | DAR 159: 44 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11894 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Bibliography Allen, Grant. 1877. Physiological aesthetics . London: Henry S. King & Co. …
To W. T. Thiselton-Dyer 10 March [1879]
Summary
Thanks for second edition of Duchartre.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | William Turner Thiselton-Dyer |
Date: | 10 Mar [1879] |
Classmark: | Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Darwin: Letters to Thiselton-Dyer, 1873–81: f. 163) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11921 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … fils. Duchartre, Pierre Etienne Simon. 1877. Éléments de botanique: comprenant l’anatomie, …
From Francis Galton 12 November 1879
Summary
Praises CD’s biography of Erasmus Darwin;
asks CD to answer some queries he is circulating. Is particularly interested in "visualizing faculty" in CD and Dr Darwin.
Author: | Francis Galton |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 12 Nov 1879 |
Classmark: | DAR 105: A101–2 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-12313 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Bibliography Bowditch, H. P. 1877. The growth of children . [From the eighth annual report …
From J. D. Hooker 29 November 1879
Summary
Congratulations on Erasmus Darwin; likes CD’s part better than Ernst Krause’s.
Received false notice of Asa Gray’s death.
Gray and JDH engaged in comparing widely separated but floristically similar regions.
Author: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 29 Nov 1879 |
Classmark: | DAR 104: 134–5 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-12336 |
From Wilhelm Pfeffer 22 April 1879
Summary
In response to CD’s query, discusses sleep movements of plants. Recommends papers on subject.
Author: | Wilhelm Friedrich Philipp (Wilhelm) Pfeffer |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 22 Apr 1879 |
Classmark: | DAR 209.14: 187 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-12008 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … von Wilhelm Engelmann. Pfeffer, Wilhelm 1877. Osmotische Untersuchungen. Studien zur …
To G. J. Romanes 23 July 1879
Summary
Contributes to subscription for Grant Allen.
Regrets GJR and wife could not visit.
Encloses paper [not identified] by Thomas Meehan, a very inaccurate observer.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | George John Romanes |
Date: | 23 July 1879 |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.566) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-12168 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Read 6 April 1876 and 18 January 1877. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Zoology ) 12 ( …
To G. J. Romanes [18 January 1879]
Summary
Notes advertisement of Tito Vignoli, Fundamentalgesetz der Intelligenz im Thierreiche [1879].
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | George John Romanes |
Date: | [18 Jan 1879] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.558) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11833 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Bibliography Vignoli, Tito. 1877. Della legge fondamentale dell’intelligenza nel regno …
To H. N. Moseley 4 February 1879
Summary
Comments on HNM’s book [Notes by a naturalist on the "Challenger" (1879)].
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Henry Nottidge Moseley |
Date: | 4 Feb 1879 |
Classmark: | Christie’s, London (dealers) (online 31 October – 8 November 2018, lot 13) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11858 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Journal of the Linnean Society (Botany) 15 (1877): 73–82. Moseley, Henry Nottidge. 1875b. …
To August Weismann 10 November 1879
Summary
Thanks for AW’s work ["Zur Naturgeschichte der Daphniden", Z. Wiss. Zool. 27: 51–112; 28: 93–254; 30 (suppl.): 123–65; 33: 55–270]. CD always interested in adaptations which appear to owe their structure to other causes.
Has not heard from Raphael Meldola for a long time about translation of AW’s Studien.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Leopold Friedrich August (August) Weismann |
Date: | 10 Nov 1879 |
Classmark: | Shrewsbury School, Taylor Library |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-12303 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … wissenschaftliche Zoologie 27 (1876): 51–112; 28 (1877): 93–254; 30 (suppl. 1878): 123–65; …
From Ernst Krause 10 July 1879
Summary
Has received printed sheets from CD. Hopes CD does not intend to delete anything. EK comments on value of his own sketch for Erasmus Darwin.
Hopes CD can excuse article he wrote in response to a review of Grant Allen’s book [The colour-sense (1879)].
Author: | Ernst Ludwig (Ernst) Krause |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 10 July 1879 |
Classmark: | DAR 92: B31–2 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-12143 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Vorträge) 41: 51–6. Gladstone, William Ewart. 1877. The colour-sense. Nineteenth Century …
To Asa Gray 16 December 1879
Summary
Thanks for AG’s trouble about the seeds. Is curious to see their germination and the early seedling growth.
Asks for cotton seeds, as he observes odd movements of the cotyledon.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 16 Dec 1879 |
Classmark: | Archives of the Gray Herbarium, Harvard University (130a) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-12357 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … growth of Citrullus and Cucurbita in Flahault 1877, p. 201. Megarrhiza , Citrullus , and …
letter | (27) |
Darwin, C. R. | (10) |
Krause, Ernst | (2) |
Allen, Grant | (1) |
Aussant-Carà, Paul | (1) |
D. Appleton & Co | (1) |
Darwin, C. R. | (17) |
Romanes, G. J. | (2) |
Gray, Asa | (1) |
Henslow, George | (1) |
Hooker, J. D. | (1) |
Darwin, C. R. | (27) |
Henslow, George | (2) |
Hooker, J. D. | (2) |
Krause, Ernst | (2) |
Meldola, Raphael | (2) |
Darwin in letters, 1877: Flowers and honours
Summary
Ever since the publication of Expression, Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and early summer were spent completing Forms of flowers, his fifth book on a botanical topic. He then turned to the…
Matches: 28 hits
- … , Darwin’s research had centred firmly on botany. The year 1877 was no exception. The spring and …
- … from a family that the Darwins had befriended. The year 1877 was more than usually full of honours. …
- … of a very heavy shower’, William wrote on 24 August 1877 . ‘The leaves were not at all depressed; …
- … gardeners ( letter from W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, 25 August 1877 ). At Down House, Darwin and …
- … a delicate twig’ ( letter to R. I. Lynch, 14 September 1877 ). Research on movement would continue …
- … of some Infusoria’ ( letter from F. J. Cohn, 5 August 1877 ). Francis’s paper eventually appeared …
- … wrote to the editor, George Croom Robertson, on 27 April 1877 , ‘I hope that you will be so good …
- … had written to the editor Ernst Ludwig Krause on 30 June 1877 , ‘I have been much interested by …
- … the German debate (letters to W. E. Gladstone, 2 October 1877 and 25 October [1877] ). …
- … and lively’ ( letter from W. E. Gladstone, 23 October 1877 ). Gifts of German and Dutch …
- … Darwin and Ernst Haeckel). Writing to Darwin on 11 March 1877 , Krause declared the journal ‘an …
- … the director, Adriaan Anthoni van Bemmelen, on 12 February 1877 : ‘I suppose that every worker at …
- … of his 70th year. Darwin was in fact 68 on 12 February 1877. Distinguished guests and …
- … & smooth as butter’ ( letter to C. E. Norton, 16 March 1877 ). Hooker was asked repeatedly by …
- … & me to dejeuner!!!’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, 14 June 1877 ). Darwin was staying in …
- … centuries to come’ ( letter from C. C. Graham, 30 January 1877 ). Graham then gave a lengthy …
- … man and of societies’ ( letter from Marcellin de Bonnal, [1877] ). A similar complaint came from …
- … by a duke!’ ( letter to J. M. Rodwell, 3 June 1877 ). Back home, he learned from his brother that …
- … order of the day’ ( letter from E. A. Darwin, 27 January [1877] ). Carlyle’s remarks were …
- … . In a letter from an unknown correspondent on 13 June 1877 , he was criticised for having quoted …
- … monstrosity ( letter from C. T. E. Siebold, 10 October 1877 ). An American banker, William Burrows …
- … back our civilization’ ( letter from W. B. Bowles, 17 May 1877 ). Bowles proposed that such …
- … of humanity beneath’ ( letter from W. B. Bowles, 18 May 1877 ). More transitional human …
- … inflexible tails ( letter from Arthur Mellersh, 1 January 1877 ). The American physician Jesse …
- … (Trollope 1867; letter to G. J. Romanes, [1 and 2 December 1877] ). Dispute and …
- … George and Francis. He wrote to Francis on 24 September 1877 about his forthcoming work, Life …
- … value’, he confessed in a letter of 25 November 1877 that the book had ‘resolved itself into a …
- … physical’ ( letter from W. M. Moorsom, 10 September 1877 ). Darwin was doubtful of the elephant …

Photograph album of German and Austrian scientists
Summary
The album was sent to Darwin to mark his birthday on 12 February 1877 by the civil servant Emil Rade, and contained 165 portraits of German and Austrian scientists. The work was lavishly produced and bound in blue velvet with metal embossing. Its ornate…
Matches: 7 hits
- … album was sent to Darwin to mark his birthday on 12 February 1877 by the civil servant Emil Rade …
- … have ever received ( Letter to Ernst Haeckel, 16 February 1877 ) …
- … the start of his 70th year, but Darwin was only 68 in 1877. Despite this oversight, the album …
- … world.— ( Letter from Leonard Blomefield, 12 March 1877 ) Familiar faces Ernst …
- … with the final album. He wrote to Darwin on 9 February 1877 : ‘what will perhaps astonish you is …
- … worth to give you ( Letter from J. V. Carus, 22 March 1877 ) The professor of …
- … scientific work. ( Letter from C. G. Semper, 26 April 1877 ) Carl Kraus, an …

1877 letters now online
Summary
Flowers, bloom, a son married . . . and a suspended monkey in Cambridge at Darwin's honorary LLD ceremony. The transcripts and footnotes of over 600 letters written to and from Darwin in 1877 are now online. Read more about Darwin's life in 1877…
Matches: 1 hits
- … of over 600 letters written to and from Darwin in 1877 are now online. Read more about Darwin& …

Photograph album of Dutch admirers
Summary
Darwin received the photograph album for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from his scientific admirers in the Netherlands. He wrote to the Dutch zoologist Pieter Harting, An account of your countrymen’s generous sympathy in having sent me on my…
Matches: 5 hits
- … the photograph album for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from his scientific admirers in the …
- … lasting pleasure. ( Letter to Pieter Harting, 19 March 1877 ) Harting had also written …
- … it states his ‘69th Birthday’, when in fact he was 68 in 1877. It was arranged in alphabetical order …
- … from A. A. van Bemmelen and H. J. Veth, 6 February 1877 ) Dutch correspondents …
- … ( Letter from C. W. Thomson, 30 June 1877 ) Much earlier, in 1861, Tiberius Cornelis …
German and Dutch photograph albums
Summary
Darwin Day 2018: To celebrate Darwin's 209th birthday, we present two lavishly produced albums of portrait photographs which Darwin received from continental admirers 141 years ago. These unusual gifts from Germany and the Netherlands are made…

Capturing Darwin’s voice: audio of selected letters
Summary
On a sunny Wednesday in June 2011 in a makeshift recording studio somewhere in Cambridge, we were very pleased to welcome Terry Molloy back to the Darwin Correspondence Project for a special recording session. Terry, known for his portrayal of Davros in Dr…
Matches: 1 hits
- … tiredness of the later years (e.g. letter to E.M. Dicey, [1877] ). Working …

Language: key letters
Summary
How and why language evolved bears on larger questions about the evolution of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the development of human speech from animal sounds in The Descent of Man (1871),…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Letter 11074: Sayce, A. H. to Darwin, C. R., 27 July 1877 Darwin’s study of human nature …

Have you read the one about....
Summary
... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.
Matches: 1 hits
- … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …

Charles Harrison Blackley
Summary
You may not have heard of Charles Harrison Blackley (1820–1900), but if you are one of the 15 million people in the UK who suffer from hay fever, you are indebted to him. For it was he who identified pollen as the cause of the allergy. Darwin was…
Matches: 1 hits
- … grains by a dilution method. In his letter of 9 March 1877 , Darwin wrote: ‘Your calculation of …
People featured in the Dutch photograph album
Summary
List of people appearing in the photograph album Darwin received from scientific admirers in the Netherlands for his birthday on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Hester Loeff for providing this list and for permission to make her research available.…
Darwin in public and private
Summary
Extracts from Darwin's published works, in particular Descent of man, and selected letters, explore Darwin's views on the operation of sexual selection in humans, and both his publicly and privately expressed views on its practical implications…

Exercise: Caricatures of Science
Summary
Caricatures provide intriguing insights into both ideals and transgressions of gender. The following six images show caricatured representations of nineteenth-century men and women of science. They provide insight into the boundaries of what was deemed …
Matches: 1 hits
- … Lydia Becker (1877) Caricature of Lydia Becker from …

Floral Dimorphism
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Floral studies In 1877 Darwin published a book that included a series of smaller studies on botanical subjects. Titled The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, it consisted primarily of…
Matches: 5 hits
- … | Experiment Floral studies In 1877 Darwin published a book that included a …
- … findings on floral dimorphism were eventually published in 1877, but these experiments and …
- … SOURCES Book Darwin, C. R. 1877. The different forms of flowers on plants of the …
- … experiment, the class read chapter 1 of Charles Darwin’s 1877 T he Different Forms of …
- … Flowers on Plants of the Same Species (London: John Murray, 1877), 16. [2] Ibid., 30. …

German poems presented to Darwin
Summary
Experiments in deepest reverence The following poems were enclosed with a photograph album sent as a birthday gift to Charles Darwin by his German and Austrian admirers (see letter from From Emil Rade, [before 16] February 1877). The poems were…
Matches: 6 hits
- … (see letter from From Emil Rade , [before 16] February 1877). The poems were composed by …
- … in Rade’s account of the making of the album (Rade 1877, pp. 39–40), but the others were published …
- … Letter from Emil Rade 1 [before 16] February 1877 2 Münster i./Westf. …
- … From Emil Rade [before 16] February 1877 2 Münster i./Westf. February 1877. …
- … this letter and the letter to Emil Rade, 16 February 1877. 3. The gift was a photograph …
- … Appendix VI. A number of other poems were included in Rade 1877. …
People featured in the Dutch photograph album
Summary
Here is a list of people that appeared in the photograph album Darwin received for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from scientific admirers in the Netherlands. Many thanks to Hester Loeff for identifying and researching them. No. …
Darwin as mentor
Summary
Darwin provided advice, encouragement and praise to his fellow scientific 'labourers' of both sexes. Selected letters Letter 2234 - Darwin to Unidentified, [5 March 1858] Darwin advises that Professor C. P. Smyth’s observations are not…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Letter 11096 - Darwin to Romanes, G. J., [9 August 1877] Darwin points out a mistake made …

Natural Science and Femininity
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters A conflation of masculine intellect and feminine thoughts, habits and feelings, male naturalists like Darwin inhabited an uncertain gendered identity. Working from the private domestic comfort of their homes and exercising…

Dipsacus and Drosera: Frank’s favourite carnivores
Summary
In Autumn of 1875, Francis Darwin was busy researching aggregation in the tentacles of Drosera rotundifolia (F. Darwin 1876). This phenomenon occurs when coloured particles within either protoplasm or the fluid in the cell vacuole (the cell sap) cluster…
Matches: 7 hits
- … and proofreading Darwin’s second edition of Orchids (1877). By January of the following …
- … ( Dipsacus sylvestris )’ at the Royal Society on 1 March 1877 (F. Darwin 1877a). His address was …
- … and a plate of sixteen figures, was published in July 1877 in the Quarterly Journal of …
- … the journal by the end of the month ( Nature , 23 August 1877, p. 339). Although, as Darwin …
- … to his father’s beloved Drosera rotundifolia in June 1877, finding sundews that had been ‘fed’ …
- … Grant. References Darwin, C. 1877. The Contractile Filaments of the …
- … teasel ( Dipsacus sylvestris ). (Abstract.) [Read 1 March 1877.] Proceedings of the Royal …
Referencing women’s work
Summary
Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, but whether and how they were acknowledged in print involved complex considerations of social standing, professional standing, and personal preference.…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Letter 11221 - Darwin to Darwin, H., [1 November 1877] Darwin asks his sons, …
People featured in the German and Austrian photograph album
Summary
Biographical details of people from the Habsburg Empire that appeared in the album of German and Austrian scientists sent to Darwin on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Johannes Mattes for providing these details and for permission to make his…
Matches: 4 hits
- … and Austrian scientists sent to Darwin on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Johannes …
- … in Linz (1871), Vienna (1873) and Prostějov (1877). M. Pichler: Notice of death. In: …
- … of Vienna (Dr., 1873). Habilitation in palaeontology (1877) and geology (1880) at the Technical …
- … (1859), geologist (1873) and finally chief geologist (1877) and Bergrat of the Imperial …