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To G. H. Darwin   2 [April 1875]

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Summary

CD recounts events of the April-fool’s day séance at Hensleigh [Wedgwood]’s. Asks GHD to find out whether Sidgwick’s account of it agrees with what he has heard. "What rubbish the whole does seem to be!"

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  George Howard Darwin
Date:  2 [Apr 1875]
Classmark:  DAR 210.1: 45
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9911

Matches: 4 hits

  • … Henry Sidgwick . CD had attended a seance hosted by Erasmus in 1874 (see letter to J. …
  • … D. Hooker, 18 January [1874] ). …
  • … George had attended a seance hosted by Hensleigh Wedgwood in 1874 (see letter from T. …
  • … H. Huxley, 27 January 1874 ). Wedgwood became spiritualist later in life and contributed …

To G. J. Romanes   7 April [1875]

Summary

Is sending plants from cut-leaved vine.

Invites GJR to visit.

"When in presence of my ladies do not talk about experiments on animals."

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  George John Romanes
Date:  7 Apr [1875]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.465)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9916

Matches: 1 hit

  • … of pangenesis (see Correspondence vol. 22, letter to G. J. Romanes, 27 December 1874 ). …

From Federico Delpino   8 April 1875

Summary

Sends last part of his book [Ulteriori observazioni sulla dicogamia (1868–74)] [osservazioni!?] and describes contents.

Author:  Federico Delpino
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  8 Apr 1875
Classmark:  DAR 162: 152
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9919

Matches: 1 hit

  • … 1869): 179–233; 13 (1870): 167–205; 17 (1874): 266–407. ] Jackson, Benjamin Daydon. 1900. …

To ?   8 April [1875–82]

Summary

Explains that there is no need for the addressee to apologise.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Unidentified
Date:  8 Apr [1875-82]
Classmark:  Jane da Mosto (private collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9917F

Matches: 1 hit

  • … is established by the headed notepaper, which is of a sort that CD used from late 1874. …

To E. H. Stanley   15 April 1875

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Summary

CD has helped leading physiologists to prepare a draft bill for legislation with regard to vivisection, and he hopes Lord Derby will support the bill and mention it to ministers of the Cabinet. Has heard that other groups are preparing bills for the same purpose, and feels it important that the science of physiology be protected as well as animals.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Edward Henry Stanley, 15th earl of Derby
Date:  15 Apr 1875
Classmark:  DAR 97: C22–4
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9933

Matches: 1 hit

  • … to J.  S.  Burdon Sanderson, [11 April 1874] . Joseph Dalton Hooker was president of the …

From J. D. Hooker   17 April 1875

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Summary

On pitchers of Dischidia and insects found in them.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  17 Apr 1875
Classmark:  DAR 104: 26–8
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9936

Matches: 2 hits

  • … digest them. Hooker worked on Sarracenia in 1874; see Correspondence vol.  22, letter from …
  • … J.  D.  Hooker, 17 August 1874 . CD discussed Sarracenia in Insectivorous plants , p.   …

From D. F. Nevill   17 [April 1875]

Summary

Hooker has told her CD is in London. She requests a meeting.

Author:  Dorothy Fanny Walpole; Dorothy Fanny Nevill
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  17 [Apr 1875]
Classmark:  DAR 172: 31
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-8135

Matches: 3 hits

  • … of their correspondence in September 1874 and their meeting on 4 May 1875 was April 1875 ( …
  • … to meet might have occurred in December 1874, when CD was in London, but Nevill’ …
  • … s letter from Dangstein on 26 [December 1874] (see Correspondence vol. 22) gives no …

From Federico Delpino   18 April 1875

Summary

Looking forward to publication of Insectivorous plants, which he will review.

Paul Mantegazza has criticised FD on insectivorous plants

and CD on sexual selection; FD maintains dichogamy in plants supports sexual selection.

Author:  Federico Delpino
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  18 Apr 1875
Classmark:  DAR 162: 153
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9939

Matches: 1 hit

  • … 1869): 179–233; 13 (1870): 167–205; 17 (1874): 266–407. ] Descent : The descent of man, …

To J. V. Carus   19 April [1875]

Summary

Pleased JVC likes Journal of researches. Responds to his queries and thanks him for conscientiousness as a translator.

Insectivorous plants is so large that Murray will publish Climbing plants as a separate little book. Hopes Insectivorous plants is worth translating.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Julius Victor Carus
Date:  19 Apr [1875]
Classmark:  Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz (Slg. Darmstaedter Lc 1859: Darwin, Charles, Bl. 129–130)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9940

Matches: 1 hit

  • … these lectures in the summers of 1873 and 1874 (see letter to J.  V.  Carus, 7 February  …

From G. J. Romanes   21 April 1875

Summary

Returns papers [unidentified].

One on inheritance destitute of meaning. How can "force" act without any material on which to act? Discussion must assume truth of some such theory as Pangenesis.

Author:  George John Romanes
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  21 Apr 1875
Classmark:  E. D. Romanes 1896, pp. 20–2
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9945

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Boston: Wright & Potter. Tait, Lawson. 1874. The pathology and treatment of diseases of …
  • … graft to the stock ( Nature , 1 October 1874, p.  452). Romanes visited Down on 17 April …
  • … and treatment of diseases of the ovaries ( Tait 1874 ). Tait sent the essay to CD with his …

From T. M. Coan   24 April 1875

Summary

Transcribes extracts from Sir James Mackintosh and J. S. Polack on infanticide.

Author:  Titus Munson Coan
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  24 Apr 1875
Classmark:  DAR 161: 184
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9949

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Darwin. 2d edition. London: John Murray. 1874. Mackintosh, James. 1835. Memoirs of the …
  • … s replies, see Correspondence vol.  22, letters from T.  M.  Coan, 14 February 1874 and …
  • … 22 June 1874 . CD used Coan’s information on infanticide in Hawaii in Descent 2d ed. , p. …

To R. B. Litchfield   24 April [1875]

Summary

Sir John Lubbock’s advice on draft of petition on vivisection. Agrees with Lubbock’s opinion that a bill would be more effective – but the more the subject is stirred up, the better.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Richard Buckley Litchfield
Date:  24 Apr [1875]
Classmark:  The British Library (Add MS 58373)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9946

Matches: 1 hit

  • … second draft of the bill printed on 24 April 1874 with ink annotations (DAR 139.17: 32). …

To George Harris   27 April 1875

Summary

Briefly answers GH’s query whether animals can perceive any qualities unperceived by man.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  George Harris
Date:  27 Apr 1875
Classmark:  University of California Los Angeles, Louise M. Darling Biomedical Library History and Special Collections Division (Ms. 10, Letters concerning George Harris’s A Philosophical Treatise on the Nature and Constitution of Man)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9953

Matches: 1 hit

  • … 22, letter from George Harris, 10 February 1874 ). The book contained a discussion of the …
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Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year

Summary

The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…

Matches: 23 hits

  • … The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the …
  • … intervals’ ( letter to D. T. Gardner, [ c . 27 August 1874] ). The death of a Cambridge friend, …
  • … and collecting beetles ( letter from W. D. Fox, 8 May [1874] ).  Such reminiscences led Darwin to …
  • … much more than forwards’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ). I feel very old & …
  • … old & helpless’  ( letter to B. J. Sulivan, 6 January [1874] ). Darwin mentioned his poor …
  • … on the matter ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 26 October 1874 ). Séances, psychics, and …
  • … Joseph Dalton Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 18 January [1874] ). Later in the month, …
  • … and an imposter’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 27 January 1874 ). Darwin agreed that it was ‘all …
  • … perform his antics’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 29 January [1874] ). This did not stop word getting …
  • … at his home ( letter from T. G. Appleton, 2 April 1874 ). Back over old ground New …
  • … Charles Lyell ( letter to Smith, Elder & Co., 8 January 1874 , letter to J. D. Hooker, 8 …
  • … of correction’ ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 21 [March 1874] ). The book came out in June with the …
  • … Darwin on this point ( letter from J. D. Dana, 21 July 1874 ); however, he did not retract his …
  • … dog breeders (letters from George Cupples, 21 February 1874 and 12 March 1874 ); the material …
  • … Islands (Hawaii; letters from T. N. Staley, 12 February 1874 and 20 February 1874 ; letters …
  • … islanders ( letter from William Dealtry, 16 January 1874 ). One of the most significant …
  • … enemy into a jelly’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 14 April 1874 ). The technical nature of Huxley’s …
  • … mind where it goes’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 16 April 1874 ). The second edition of  …
  • … would be very good ( letter from R. F. Cooke, 12 November 1874 ). Darwin's son George …
  • … of your thought’ ( letter from G. H. Darwin, 20 April 1874 ). The Mivart affair …
  • … mental and physical disorders (G. H. Darwin 1873b). In July 1874, an anonymous essay appeared in the …
  • … libel’ on his son ( letter to G. H. Darwin, [27 July 1874] ).  George, however, consulted with his …
  • … [a] lying scoundrel’ ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 1 August [1874] ). He drafted a brief statement of …

Darwin's 1874 letters go online

Summary

The full transcripts and footnotes of over 600 letters to and from Charles Darwin in 1874 are published online for the first time. You can read about Darwin's life in 1874 through his letters and see a full list of the letters. The 1874 letters…

Matches: 9 hits

  • … of over 600 letters to and from Charles Darwin in 1874 are published online for the first time. …
  • … ( Letter to G. H. Darwin, 1 August [1874] ) The Mivart affair highlights …
  • … are some other highlights from Darwin's correspondence in 1874: I feel as old as …
  • … signifying so much.  ( Letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ) At the age of 65, Darwin …
  • … more quietly was severely tested by some of the events of 1874. He had a clear idea of the shape of …
  • … must be enough for me  ( Letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ) During the year he …
  • … the positive  ( Letter to J. D. Hooker, 30 August [1874] ) – he mourned after several …
  • … day’s work  ( Letter to D. F. Nevill, 18 September [1874] ) Darwin’s family continued …
  • … have to do—  ( Letter to J. D. Hooker, 30 November [1874] ) Darwin’s continuing …

St George Jackson Mivart

Summary

In the second half of 1874, Darwin’s peace was disturbed by an anonymous article in the Quarterly Review suggesting that his son George was opposed to the institution of marriage and in favour of ‘unrestrained licentiousness’. Darwin suspected, correctly,…

Matches: 16 hits

  • … In 1874, the Catholic zoologist St George Jackson Mivart caused Darwin and his son …
  • … appeared to have created very little stir, until, in July 1874, Mivart published an anonymous review …
  • … of the Quarterly ( letter from G. H. Darwin, 29 July 1874 ). Darwin hastily advised against …
  • … to wish to circulate ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 1 August [1874] ). Darwin provided a draft of the …
  • … to endorse them ( letter from G. H. Darwin, 5 August 1874 ). He sent a second draft, which Darwin …
  • … a fair copy of his letter with his letter of 6 [August] 1874 . George and Darwin were also …
  • … George’s letter to Murray with his letter of 11 August 1874 , and was no doubt relieved to …
  • … to all he asked ( letter from John Murray, 12 August 1874 ). In October, George’s letter …
  • … a Pickwickian sense’ ( letter to John Murray, 18 October 1874 ). In other words, Mivart had used …
  • … reaction was savage ( letter to G. H. Darwin, [6 December 1874] ). Hooker and Huxley between them …
  • … the attack on George ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 14 December 1874 ). Huxley met Mivart at an evening …
  • … ( Enclosure to letter from J. D. Hooker, 21 December 1874 .) A reply soon came from Mivart . …
  • … of a gentleman’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 23 December 1874 ). However, Huxley still wrote to …
  • … this.   124 Gower St W.C. Dec. 24th 1874. Private & Confidential …
  • … to John Tyndall ( letter from John Tyndall, 28 December 1874 , and letter from J. D. Hooker, 29 …
  • … 16 January 1875, p. 66, signed, ‘The Quarterly Reviewer of 1874’. In it he reiterated his claim that …

Lost in translation: From Auguste Forel, 12 November 1874

Summary

You receive a gift from your scientific hero Charles Darwin. It is a book that contains sections on your favourite topic—ants. If only you had paid attention when your mother tried to teach you English you might be able to read it. But you didn’t, and you…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … understand a word. Writing in French on 12 November 1874 to thank Darwin for the book, …

Joseph Simms

Summary

The American doctor and author of works on physiognomy Joseph Simms wrote to Darwin on 14 September 1874, while he was staying in London. He enclosed a copy of his book Nature’s revelations of character (Simms 1873). He hoped it might 'prove…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … physiognomy Joseph Simms wrote to Darwin on 14 September 1874 , while he was staying in London. …
  • … stockings. (Letter from Joseph Simms, 14 September 1874 ) The foot could tell …

Essay: What is Darwinism?

Summary

—by Asa Gray WHAT IS DARWINISM? The Nation, May 28, 1874 The question which Dr. Hodge asks he promptly and decisively answers: ‘What is Darwinism? it is atheism.’ Leaving aside all subsidiary and incidental matters, let us consider–1. What the…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Gray WHAT IS DARWINISM? The Nation, May 28, 1874 The question which Dr. Hodge …

Essay: Evolution & theology

Summary

—by Asa Gray EVOLUTION AND THEOLOGY The Nation, January 15, 1874 The attitude of theologians toward doctrines of evolution, from the nebular hypothesis down to ‘Darwinism,’ is no less worthy of consideration, and hardly less diverse, than that of…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … EVOLUTION AND THEOLOGY The Nation, January 15, 1874 The attitude of theologians toward …

Darwin in letters, 1875: Pulling strings

Summary

‘I am getting sick of insectivorous plants’, Darwin confessed in January 1875. He had worked on the subject intermittently since 1859, and had been steadily engaged on a book manuscript for nine months; January also saw the conclusion of a bitter dispute…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … attack upon Darwin’s son George, in an anonymous review in 1874 (see Correspondence vol. 22, …
  • … had also considered taking up the issue with Murray in 1874, even threatening to break off future …
  • … laid to rest, another controversy was brewing. In December 1874, Darwin had been asked to sign a …
  • … botanical research and had visited Down House in April 1874 (see Correspondence vol. 22, letters …
  • … A scientific friendship had developed between the men in 1874, and this was enhanced by Romanes’s …
  • … white’ ( letter from G. J. Romanes, [before 4 November 1874] ).   Testing Pangenesis …
  • … had learned of Lyell’s failing health from Hooker in 1874 and January 1875. On 22 February, he was …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … 9426 - Story-Maskelyne , T. M. to Darwin, [23 April 1874] Thereza Story-Maskelyne …
  • … Letter 9616 - Marshall, T. to Darwin, [September 1874] Theodosia Marshall sends …
  • … 9606 - Harrison, L. C. to Darwin, [22 August 1874] Darwin’s niece, Lucy, sends a …
  • … Letter 9616  - Marshall, T.  to Darwin, [September 1874] Theodosia Marshall details …
  • … Letter 9485 - Treat, M. to Darwin, [8 June 1874] Mary Treat details her experiments …

4.18 'Figaro' chromolithograph 1

Summary

< Back to Introduction In a cartoon of 1874 by Figaro’s French-born artist Faustin Betbeder (known as Faustin), Darwin holds up a mirror reflecting himself and the startled ape sitting beside him. Their hairy bodies, seen against a background of palm…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … < Back to Introduction In a cartoon of 1874 by Figaro’ s French-born artist Faustin …
  • … this anti-Darwinian argument – a surprising one for 1874 – was genuine or tongue-in-cheek, it is …
  • … appeared on the front page of the issue for 18 February 1874, surrounded by an elaborate wood …
  • … The caricature of Darwin was not included until the May 1874 issue of the Sketch-Book (vol. 1, …
  • … at bottom left. 
 date of creation February 1874 
 computer-readable date c. …
  • … of the Huntington Library. Figaro no. 475 (18 February 1874), cover illustration. James G. …

George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)

Summary

George Eliot was the pen name of celebrated Victorian novelist Mary Ann Evans (1819-1880). She was born on the outskirts of Nuneaton in Warwickshire and was educated at boarding schools from the age of five until she was 16. Her education ended when she…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … started ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 18 January [1874] ). Darwin took Emma to a Sunday afternoon at …

4.24 'Daily Graphic', Nast satire

Summary

< Back to Introduction In 1874 the Harvard philosopher John Fiske published his magnum opus, Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy, in which he set out to explain the far-reaching significance of Darwin’s and Herbert Spencer’s evolutionary theories. He…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … < Back to Introduction In 1874 the Harvard philosopher John Fiske published his magnum …
  • … in 1879 and 1880. When Cosmic Philosophy appeared in 1874, Fiske sent Darwin a copy, but …
  • … mind generally towards the doctrine of Evolution in 1874-1875. I like to keep this design before me …
  • … bottom right) 
 date of creation September 1874 
 computer-readable date 1874-09 …
  • … and bibliography The Daily Graphic 5: 474 (12 Sept. 1874), front page. John Fiske, Outlines …
  • … and New York: Houghton, Mifflin, and London: Macmillan, 1874); there were many subsequent editions. …
  • … letters to Fiske about Outlines : DCP-LETT- 9706 (3 Nov. [1874]) and DCP-LETT- 9749 (8 Dec. [1874

Photograph album of Dutch admirers

Summary

Darwin received the photograph album for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from his scientific admirers in the Netherlands. He wrote to the Dutch zoologist Pieter Harting, An account of your countrymen’s generous sympathy in having sent me on my…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … to Hermanus Hartogh Heijs van Zouteveen, 18 February 1874 ) Zouteveen’s editions of …

Animals, ethics, and the progress of science

Summary

Darwin’s view on the kinship between humans and animals had important ethical implications. In Descent, he argued that some animals exhibited moral behaviour and had evolved mental powers analogous to conscience. He gave examples of cooperation, even…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … can be chloroformed (letter to G. J. Romanes, 27 December 1874 ). In the previous sections …

4.16 Joseph Simms, physiognomy

Summary

< Back to Introduction In September 1874, the American doctor Joseph Simms, then on a three-year lecture tour of Britain, sent Darwin a copy of his book, Nature’s Revelations of Character; Or, Physiognomy Illustrated. He was seeking a public…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … < Back to Introduction In September 1874, the American doctor Joseph Simms, then on a …
  • … [1861] (DCP-LETT-3256]. Simms’s letter to Darwin, 14 Sept. 1874 (DCP-LETT-9637; from DAR 177:164). …

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 1 hits

  • … A GRAY 3 AUGUST 1871 201  TO A GRAY 3 JUNE [1874] 202  FROM A GRAY 16 …

Darwin as mentor

Summary

Darwin provided advice, encouragement and praise to his fellow scientific 'labourers' of both sexes. Selected letters Letter 2234 - Darwin to Unidentified, [5 March 1858] Darwin advises that Professor C. P. Smyth’s observations are not…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 9580 - Darwin to Darwin, G. H. D., [1 August 1874] Darwin gives feedback on work …
  • … Letter 9613 - Darwin to Hooker, J. D., [30 August 1874] Darwin comments on a “clever” …

3.18 Elliott and Fry photos, c.1869-1871

Summary

< Back to Introduction The leading photographic firm of Elliott and Fry seems to have portrayed Darwin at Down House on several occasions. In November 1869 Darwin told A. B. Meyer, who wanted photographs of both him and Wallace for a German…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … 1871, but dates others (still with the spotted waistcoat) to 1874.   Elliott and Fry were …
  • … Table in November 1876. The Pictorial World of 6 June 1874 published a wood engraving which …
  • … taken in summer 1869 and summer 1871, possible also in 1874. 
 computer-readable date c …
  • … 140.1.9). Wood engraving in The Pictorial World (6 June 1874), p. 228 (DAR 140.1.3). Another …

Cross and self fertilisation

Summary

The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … ( To Fritz Müller, 25 September 1873 ). But by March 1874, some doubts seemed to have arisen when …
  • … with new & related matter. ( To J. V. Carus, 19 March [1874] ). A year later, Darwin still …

3.16 Oscar Rejlander, photos

Summary

< Back to Introduction Darwin’s plans for the illustration of his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) led him to the Swedish-born painter and photographer, Oscar Gustaf Rejlander. Rejlander gave Darwin the notes that he had…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … as a steel engraving, which was published in Nature in 1874, and was included in Francis Darwin …
  • … to the Subscribers to Nature no.  240 June 4 th 1874’. Wood engraving in The Graphic , XI:278 …
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