From W. B. Tegetmeier [after 25 April 1871]
Summary
Points out errata in Descent.
| Author: | William Bernhard Tegetmeier |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [after 25 Apr 1871] |
| Classmark: | DAR 88: 83 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7523 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Darwin. 2d edition. London: John Murray. 1874. Descent : The descent of man, and selection …
From William Preyer 27 April 1871
Summary
Thanks CD for Origin, 5th ed.
Comments on reviews of Descent by the Duke of Argyll and A. R. Wallace.
Lists the Darwinian professors at Jena.
WP’s work shows external ear to have no physiological functions.
W. Müller’s book not yet arrived. Will send Müller’s next works.
| Author: | William Thierry (William) Preyer |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 27 Apr 1871 |
| Classmark: | DAR 87: 52, DAR 174: 69 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7721 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Darwin. 2d edition. London: John Murray. 1874. Descent : The descent of man, and selection …
From C. W. Peach 1 May 1871
Summary
Sends specimens of gulf-weed and cirripedes for CD to identify.
Various observations on Descent,
inherited deafness,
recognition of musical notes by dog, etc.
| Author: | Charles William Peach |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 1 May 1871 |
| Classmark: | DAR 89: 177–8 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7731 |
To V. O. Kovalevsky 3 May 1871
Summary
Asks VOK to translate a passage from Franz Körte, Die Streich-, Zug- oder Wander-Heuschrecke [1828], p. 33.
Deplores the "fearful piece of tyranny" that is obstructing publication of Descent in Russia.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Vladimir Onufrievich Kovalevsky (Владимир Онуфриевич Ковалевский) |
| Date: | 3 May 1871 |
| Classmark: | Institut Mittag-Leffler |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7735 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Darwin. 2d edition. London: John Murray. 1874. Descent : The descent of man, and selection …
From Henry Lonsdale 3 May 1871
Summary
Credit for observation on supra-condyloid foramen in man is really due to Robert Knox, not John Struthers, as in Descent.
| Author: | Henry Lonsdale |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 3 May 1871 |
| Classmark: | DAR 87: 47–8 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7736 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Darwin. 2d edition. London: John Murray. 1874. Descent : The descent of man, and selection …
From John Murray 10 May 1871
Summary
Offers CD same payment for the 3d issue of Descent as for 2d.
Has bespoke four better drawings of birds in case a 4th issue is needed.
Vanity Fair wants CD’s portrait by Carlo Pellegrini ["Ape"].
| Author: | John Murray |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 10 May 1871 |
| Classmark: | DAR 171: 398 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7750 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … until the second edition was published in 1874. See letter from T. W. Wood, 24 April …
From Henry Reeks 25 May 1871
Summary
Comments on and corrections for chapter 13, "Mammals", of Descent.
| Author: | Henry Stephen (Henry) Reeks |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 25 May 1871 |
| Classmark: | DAR 88: 100–4 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7767 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Darwin. 2d edition. London: John Murray. 1874. Descent : The descent of man, and selection …
From J. V. Carus 28 May 1871
Summary
Sends corrections for Descent.
| Author: | Julius Victor Carus |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 28 May 1871 |
| Classmark: | DAR 88: 106–7 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7774 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Darwin. 2d edition. London: John Murray. 1874. Descent : The descent of man, and selection …
From Alfred Newton 29 May 1871
Summary
[Reference to Japanese nuthatch (see Descent, 2d ed., p. 410 n.) excised from letter.]
Sorry they will not have Frank Darwin with them any more.
| Author: | Alfred Newton |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 29 May 1871 |
| Classmark: | DAR 88: 170–1 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7778 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Darwin. 2d edition. London: John Murray. 1874. ODNB : Oxford dictionary of national …
From A. G. Butler 2 June 1871
Summary
Facts contradicting Wallace’s views on coloration of Lepidoptera.
| Author: | Arthur Gardiner Butler |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 2 June 1871 |
| Classmark: | DAR 89: 108–111 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7797 |
From Henry Reeks 3 June 1871
Summary
Observations on habits of caribou and deer in Newfoundland.
Suggests nightingale egg coloration evolved from white to olive for protection.
| Author: | Henry Stephen (Henry) Reeks |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 3 June 1871 |
| Classmark: | DAR 176: 80 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7799 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Darwin. 2d edition. London: John Murray. 1874. Descent : The descent of man, and selection …
From Gerhard Rohlfs 6 June 1871
Summary
Various observations from his experience in Africa relevant to Descent.
Fertility of hybrids of blacks and whites.
Protective coloration of Sahara animals.
Natives’ ideas of female beauty.
| Author: | Gerhard Friedrich (Gerhard) Rohlfs |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 6 June 1871 |
| Classmark: | DAR 89: 183–4 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7805 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Darwin. 2d edition. London: John Murray. 1874. Descent : The descent of man, and selection …
From Raphael Meldola 7 June 1871
Summary
Discusses the origin and advantages of sexual differentiation in terms of division of labour.
Discusses the origin of the giraffe’s neck and the unsoundness of St G. J. Mivart’s view with respect to it.
Points out an error in Descent.
| Author: | Raphael Meldola |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 7 June 1871 |
| Classmark: | DAR 171: 116 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7807 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Darwin. 2d edition. London: John Murray. 1874. Donzel, Hugo Fleury. 1836. Observations sur …
From Ferdinand Stoliczka 21 June 1871
Summary
CD elected an honorary member of the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
| Author: | Ferdinand Stoliczka |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 21 June 1871 |
| Classmark: | DAR 230: 26 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7829A |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Library–CUL has one issue of the latter (n.s. 43 (1874), pt 2, extra number (1875)). …
From A. G. Butler 29 June 1871
Summary
Resemblance of ocelli, in a moth and the argus pheasant.
Mimicry.
Pugnacity of stickleback.
| Author: | Arthur Gardiner Butler |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 29 June 1871 |
| Classmark: | DAR 89: 81–2 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7839 |
From W. R. Grove [5–8 July 1871]
Summary
Mammae in human males.
The role of natural selection in the development of beards and manes of animals.
Hereditary pointing in setters.
| Author: | William Robert Grove |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | [5–8 July 1871] |
| Classmark: | DAR 87: 190–2 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7854 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Darwin. 2d edition. London: John Murray. 1874. Descent : The descent of man, and selection …
From W. B. Tegetmeier 17 [July] 1871
Summary
Sends Field with an account of the cat show; examples of cats with three extra toes.
Sexual preference of a blue turbit.
CD did not return skull of the horned cock figured in Variation [1: 265].
| Author: | William Bernhard Tegetmeier |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 17 [July] 1871 |
| Classmark: | DAR 88: 173–4 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7822 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Darwin. 2d edition. London: John Murray. 1874. Variation : The variation of animals and …
To W. B. Tegetmeier 18 July [1871]
Summary
One of WBT’s poultry skulls has been misplaced; CD cannot believe he neglected to return it.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | William Bernhard Tegetmeier |
| Date: | 18 July [1871] |
| Classmark: | Archives of the New York Botanical Garden (Charles Finney Cox Collection) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7871 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Darwin. 2d edition. London: John Murray. 1874. Descent : The descent of man, and selection …
To A. R. Wallace 1 August [1871]
Summary
On a "remarkable" letter from Fritz Müller [see 7820] about mimicry, protection, and sexual selection.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Alfred Russel Wallace |
| Date: | 1 Aug [1871] |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Add MS 46434) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7889 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Darwin. 2d edition. London: John Murray. 1874. Hill, Cuthbert William. 2007. Picture …
To Fritz Müller 2 August [1871]
Summary
Opinions on Descent.
Sexual selection and mimicry in Lepidoptera; sexual selection as an aid to protective imitation.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
| Date: | 2 Aug [1871] |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 34) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7892 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Darwin. 2d edition. London: John Murray. 1874. Descent : The descent of man, and selection …
| letter | (89) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (23) |
| Carus, J. V. | (5) |
| Hartogh Heijs van Zouteveen, Hermanus | (3) |
| Hooker, J. D. | (3) |
| Butler, A. G. | (2) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (66) |
| Wallace, A. R. | (2) |
| Wedgwood, Hensleigh | (2) |
| Busk, George | (1) |
| Carus, J. V. | (1) |
Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 23 hits
- … The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the …
- … intervals’ ( letter to D. T. Gardner, [ c . 27 August 1874] ). The death of a Cambridge friend, …
- … and collecting beetles ( letter from W. D. Fox, 8 May [1874] ). Such reminiscences led Darwin to …
- … much more than forwards’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ). I feel very old & …
- … old & helpless’ ( letter to B. J. Sulivan, 6 January [1874] ). Darwin mentioned his poor …
- … on the matter ( letter from Ernst Haeckel, 26 October 1874 ). Séances, psychics, and …
- … Joseph Dalton Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 18 January [1874] ). Later in the month, …
- … and an imposter’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 27 January 1874 ). Darwin agreed that it was ‘all …
- … perform his antics’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 29 January [1874] ). This did not stop word getting …
- … at his home ( letter from T. G. Appleton, 2 April 1874 ). Back over old ground New …
- … Charles Lyell ( letter to Smith, Elder & Co., 8 January 1874 , letter to J. D. Hooker, 8 …
- … of correction’ ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 21 [March 1874] ). The book came out in June with the …
- … Darwin on this point ( letter from J. D. Dana, 21 July 1874 ); however, he did not retract his …
- … dog breeders (letters from George Cupples, 21 February 1874 and 12 March 1874 ); the material …
- … Islands (Hawaii; letters from T. N. Staley, 12 February 1874 and 20 February 1874 ; letters …
- … islanders ( letter from William Dealtry, 16 January 1874 ). One of the most significant …
- … enemy into a jelly’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 14 April 1874 ). The technical nature of Huxley’s …
- … mind where it goes’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 16 April 1874 ). The second edition of …
- … would be very good ( letter from R. F. Cooke, 12 November 1874 ). Darwin's son George …
- … of your thought’ ( letter from G. H. Darwin, 20 April 1874 ). The Mivart affair …
- … mental and physical disorders (G. H. Darwin 1873b). In July 1874, an anonymous essay appeared in the …
- … libel’ on his son ( letter to G. H. Darwin, [27 July 1874] ). George, however, consulted with his …
- … [a] lying scoundrel’ ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 1 August [1874] ). He drafted a brief statement of …
Darwin's 1874 letters go online
Summary
The full transcripts and footnotes of over 600 letters to and from Charles Darwin in 1874 are published online for the first time. You can read about Darwin's life in 1874 through his letters and see a full list of the letters. The 1874 letters…
Matches: 9 hits
- … of over 600 letters to and from Charles Darwin in 1874 are published online for the first time. …
- … ( Letter to G. H. Darwin, 1 August [1874] ) The Mivart affair highlights …
- … are some other highlights from Darwin's correspondence in 1874: I feel as old as …
- … signifying so much. ( Letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ) At the age of 65, Darwin …
- … more quietly was severely tested by some of the events of 1874. He had a clear idea of the shape of …
- … must be enough for me ( Letter to W. D. Fox, 11 May [1874] ) During the year he …
- … the positive ( Letter to J. D. Hooker, 30 August [1874] ) – he mourned after several …
- … day’s work ( Letter to D. F. Nevill, 18 September [1874] ) Darwin’s family continued …
- … have to do— ( Letter to J. D. Hooker, 30 November [1874] ) Darwin’s continuing …
St George Jackson Mivart
Summary
In the second half of 1874, Darwin’s peace was disturbed by an anonymous article in the Quarterly Review suggesting that his son George was opposed to the institution of marriage and in favour of ‘unrestrained licentiousness’. Darwin suspected, correctly,…
Matches: 16 hits
- … In 1874, the Catholic zoologist St George Jackson Mivart caused Darwin and his son …
- … appeared to have created very little stir, until, in July 1874, Mivart published an anonymous review …
- … of the Quarterly ( letter from G. H. Darwin, 29 July 1874 ). Darwin hastily advised against …
- … to wish to circulate ( letter to G. H. Darwin, 1 August [1874] ). Darwin provided a draft of the …
- … to endorse them ( letter from G. H. Darwin, 5 August 1874 ). He sent a second draft, which Darwin …
- … a fair copy of his letter with his letter of 6 [August] 1874 . George and Darwin were also …
- … George’s letter to Murray with his letter of 11 August 1874 , and was no doubt relieved to …
- … to all he asked ( letter from John Murray, 12 August 1874 ). In October, George’s letter …
- … a Pickwickian sense’ ( letter to John Murray, 18 October 1874 ). In other words, Mivart had used …
- … reaction was savage ( letter to G. H. Darwin, [6 December 1874] ). Hooker and Huxley between them …
- … the attack on George ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 14 December 1874 ). Huxley met Mivart at an evening …
- … ( Enclosure to letter from J. D. Hooker, 21 December 1874 .) A reply soon came from Mivart . …
- … of a gentleman’ ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 23 December 1874 ). However, Huxley still wrote to …
- … this. 124 Gower St W.C. Dec. 24th 1874. Private & Confidential …
- … to John Tyndall ( letter from John Tyndall, 28 December 1874 , and letter from J. D. Hooker, 29 …
- … 16 January 1875, p. 66, signed, ‘The Quarterly Reviewer of 1874’. In it he reiterated his claim that …
Lost in translation: From Auguste Forel, 12 November 1874
Summary
You receive a gift from your scientific hero Charles Darwin. It is a book that contains sections on your favourite topic—ants. If only you had paid attention when your mother tried to teach you English you might be able to read it. But you didn’t, and you…
Matches: 1 hits
- … understand a word. Writing in French on 12 November 1874 to thank Darwin for the book, …
Joseph Simms
Summary
The American doctor and author of works on physiognomy Joseph Simms wrote to Darwin on 14 September 1874, while he was staying in London. He enclosed a copy of his book Nature’s revelations of character (Simms 1873). He hoped it might 'prove…
Essay: What is Darwinism?
Summary
—by Asa Gray WHAT IS DARWINISM? The Nation, May 28, 1874 The question which Dr. Hodge asks he promptly and decisively answers: ‘What is Darwinism? it is atheism.’ Leaving aside all subsidiary and incidental matters, let us consider–1. What the…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Gray WHAT IS DARWINISM? The Nation, May 28, 1874 The question which Dr. Hodge …
Essay: Evolution & theology
Summary
—by Asa Gray EVOLUTION AND THEOLOGY The Nation, January 15, 1874 The attitude of theologians toward doctrines of evolution, from the nebular hypothesis down to ‘Darwinism,’ is no less worthy of consideration, and hardly less diverse, than that of…
Matches: 1 hits
- … EVOLUTION AND THEOLOGY The Nation, January 15, 1874 The attitude of theologians toward …
Darwin in letters, 1875: Pulling strings
Summary
‘I am getting sick of insectivorous plants’, Darwin confessed in January 1875. He had worked on the subject intermittently since 1859, and had been steadily engaged on a book manuscript for nine months; January also saw the conclusion of a bitter dispute…
Matches: 7 hits
- … attack upon Darwin’s son George, in an anonymous review in 1874 (see Correspondence vol. 22, …
- … had also considered taking up the issue with Murray in 1874, even threatening to break off future …
- … laid to rest, another controversy was brewing. In December 1874, Darwin had been asked to sign a …
- … botanical research and had visited Down House in April 1874 (see Correspondence vol. 22, letters …
- … A scientific friendship had developed between the men in 1874, and this was enhanced by Romanes’s …
- … white’ ( letter from G. J. Romanes, [before 4 November 1874] ). Testing Pangenesis …
- … had learned of Lyell’s failing health from Hooker in 1874 and January 1875. On 22 February, he was …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 5 hits
- … 9426 - Story-Maskelyne , T. M. to Darwin, [23 April 1874] Thereza Story-Maskelyne …
- … Letter 9616 - Marshall, T. to Darwin, [September 1874] Theodosia Marshall sends …
- … 9606 - Harrison, L. C. to Darwin, [22 August 1874] Darwin’s niece, Lucy, sends a …
- … Letter 9616 - Marshall, T. to Darwin, [September 1874] Theodosia Marshall details …
- … Letter 9485 - Treat, M. to Darwin, [8 June 1874] Mary Treat details her experiments …
4.18 'Figaro' chromolithograph 1
Summary
< Back to Introduction In a cartoon of 1874 by Figaro’s French-born artist Faustin Betbeder (known as Faustin), Darwin holds up a mirror reflecting himself and the startled ape sitting beside him. Their hairy bodies, seen against a background of palm…
Matches: 6 hits
- … < Back to Introduction In a cartoon of 1874 by Figaro’ s French-born artist Faustin …
- … this anti-Darwinian argument – a surprising one for 1874 – was genuine or tongue-in-cheek, it is …
- … appeared on the front page of the issue for 18 February 1874, surrounded by an elaborate wood …
- … The caricature of Darwin was not included until the May 1874 issue of the Sketch-Book (vol. 1, …
- … at bottom left. date of creation February 1874 computer-readable date c. …
- … of the Huntington Library. Figaro no. 475 (18 February 1874), cover illustration. James G. …
George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)
Summary
George Eliot was the pen name of celebrated Victorian novelist Mary Ann Evans (1819-1880). She was born on the outskirts of Nuneaton in Warwickshire and was educated at boarding schools from the age of five until she was 16. Her education ended when she…
Matches: 1 hits
- … started ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 18 January [1874] ). Darwin took Emma to a Sunday afternoon at …
4.24 'Daily Graphic', Nast satire
Summary
< Back to Introduction In 1874 the Harvard philosopher John Fiske published his magnum opus, Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy, in which he set out to explain the far-reaching significance of Darwin’s and Herbert Spencer’s evolutionary theories. He…
Matches: 7 hits
- … < Back to Introduction In 1874 the Harvard philosopher John Fiske published his magnum …
- … in 1879 and 1880. When Cosmic Philosophy appeared in 1874, Fiske sent Darwin a copy, but …
- … mind generally towards the doctrine of Evolution in 1874-1875. I like to keep this design before me …
- … bottom right) date of creation September 1874 computer-readable date 1874-09 …
- … and bibliography The Daily Graphic 5: 474 (12 Sept. 1874), front page. John Fiske, Outlines …
- … and New York: Houghton, Mifflin, and London: Macmillan, 1874); there were many subsequent editions. …
- … letters to Fiske about Outlines : DCP-LETT- 9706 (3 Nov. [1874]) and DCP-LETT- 9749 (8 Dec. [1874 …
Photograph album of Dutch admirers
Summary
Darwin received the photograph album for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from his scientific admirers in the Netherlands. He wrote to the Dutch zoologist Pieter Harting, An account of your countrymen’s generous sympathy in having sent me on my…
Matches: 1 hits
- … to Hermanus Hartogh Heijs van Zouteveen, 18 February 1874 ) Zouteveen’s editions of …
Animals, ethics, and the progress of science
Summary
Darwin’s view on the kinship between humans and animals had important ethical implications. In Descent, he argued that some animals exhibited moral behaviour and had evolved mental powers analogous to conscience. He gave examples of cooperation, even…
Matches: 1 hits
- … can be chloroformed (letter to G. J. Romanes, 27 December 1874 ). In the previous sections …
4.16 Joseph Simms, physiognomy
Summary
< Back to Introduction In September 1874, the American doctor Joseph Simms, then on a three-year lecture tour of Britain, sent Darwin a copy of his book, Nature’s Revelations of Character; Or, Physiognomy Illustrated. He was seeking a public…
Dramatisation script
Summary
Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007
Matches: 1 hits
- … A GRAY 3 AUGUST 1871 201 TO A GRAY 3 JUNE [1874] 202 FROM A GRAY 16 …
Darwin as mentor
Summary
Darwin provided advice, encouragement and praise to his fellow scientific 'labourers' of both sexes. Selected letters Letter 2234 - Darwin to Unidentified, [5 March 1858] Darwin advises that Professor C. P. Smyth’s observations are not…
3.18 Elliott and Fry photos, c.1869-1871
Summary
< Back to Introduction The leading photographic firm of Elliott and Fry seems to have portrayed Darwin at Down House on several occasions. In November 1869 Darwin told A. B. Meyer, who wanted photographs of both him and Wallace for a German…
Matches: 4 hits
- … 1871, but dates others (still with the spotted waistcoat) to 1874. Elliott and Fry were …
- … Table in November 1876. The Pictorial World of 6 June 1874 published a wood engraving which …
- … taken in summer 1869 and summer 1871, possible also in 1874. computer-readable date c …
- … 140.1.9). Wood engraving in The Pictorial World (6 June 1874), p. 228 (DAR 140.1.3). Another …
Cross and self fertilisation
Summary
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…
3.16 Oscar Rejlander, photos
Summary
< Back to Introduction Darwin’s plans for the illustration of his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) led him to the Swedish-born painter and photographer, Oscar Gustaf Rejlander. Rejlander gave Darwin the notes that he had…
