From William Saunders 22 November 1877
Summary
Sends plant specimens of a hybrid he has raised by crossing two species of Rubus. Describes procedure by which he obtained them. Cites his paper on hybridisation.
| Author: | William Saunders |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 22 Nov 1877 |
| Classmark: | DAR 177: 39 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11248 |
Matches: 7 hits
- … Bibliography Saunders, William. 1872. Experiments in hybridizing. Annual report of …
- … for the Province of Ontario, on Agriculture and Arts (1872). [Also published in Report …
- … of the Fruit Growers’ Association of the Province of Ontario (1872): 48–59. ] …
- … idaeus subsp. strigosus . CD’s copy of the 1872 report is in the Darwin Library–Down; his …
- … hybrids (Beadle et al. 1873, pp. 258–9). The paper on hybridity is Saunders 1872 . …
- … commissioner of agriculture for Ontario for 1872 and 1873 in which you will find further …
- … which will interest you in the Report for 1872 in my paper “Experiments in Hybridizing” …
From Edward Harris April 1877
Summary
Wishes to bring CD his trained cockatoo.
| Author: | Edward Harris |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | Apr 1877 |
| Classmark: | DAR 166: 105 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10920 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1872. Freeman, Richard Broke. 1977. The works of …
- … been identified ( J. Gould 1865 , 2: 1–30). The passage quoted is from Buckland 1872. CD’ …
- … s Expression was published on 26 November 1872 ( Freeman 1977 ). …
- … A handbill from 1872, advertising the performance of ‘Cockie’ is reproduced in …
To Francis Darwin [10 June 1877]
Summary
Asks FD to forward some eczema mixture to Southampton for him
and to hunt out notes on earthworm activity at Beaulieu Abbey.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Francis Darwin |
| Date: | [10 June 1877] |
| Classmark: | DAR 211: 20 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10995 |
From C. C. Graham 30 January 1877
Summary
He has defended Tyndall, CD, and others against attacks of a clergyman.
| Author: | Christopher Columbus Graham |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 30 Jan 1877 |
| Classmark: | DAR 165: 83–4 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10821 |
Matches: 6 hits
- … letter of introduction from Henry Clay ( W. B. Allen 1872 , p. 334). Erasmus Darwin , CD’s …
- … Bibliography Allen, William B. 1872. A history of Kentucky, embracing gleanings, …
- … several times throughout the book ( W. B. Allen 1872 , pp. 236–8 and passim ). For the …
- … biography of Graham, see W. B. Allen 1872 , pp. 299–335. In the last quarter of the …
- … in Ontario and his escape, see W. B. Allen 1872 , pp. 309–10. While Graham was employed on …
- … town of Galena, Illinois ( W. B. Allen 1872 , p. 313). The Falls of St Anthony were the …
To William Preyer 8 July 1877
Summary
Discusses inheritance.
Has WP heard of Douglas Spalding’s experiments of blindfolding chickens ["Instinct – with original observations on young animals", Rep. BAAS 42 (1872): 141–3]?
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | William Thierry (William) Preyer |
| Date: | 8 July 1877 |
| Classmark: | DAR 147: 268–9 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11042 |
From Alpheus Hyatt January 1877
Summary
Reports on his work. Relationships of shells found at Steinheim; attempts to elucidate the genesis of different forms.
| Author: | Alpheus Hyatt |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | Jan 1877 |
| Classmark: | DAR 166: 357, 359 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10760 |
Matches: 7 hits
- … Steinheim crater in Heidenheim, Germany, in 1872 and 1873 ( Hyatt 1880 , pp. 3–4). August …
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1872. Gould, Stephen Jay. 2002. The structure of …
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1872. Origin : On the origin of species by means …
- … from Alpheus Hyatt, [late] November 1872 ). In Hilgendorf’s phylogenetic tree, Planorbis …
- … See Correspondence vol. 20, letters from Alpheus Hyatt , [late] November 1872 and …
- … 8 December 1872 . …
- … In his letter of 4 December [1872] ( Correspondence vol. 20), CD had suggested that many …
To G. H. Darwin 24 November [1877]
Summary
Thinks he had better not sign GHD’s paper [as a candidate for F.R.S.], since he obviously is no judge of the quality of his work.
Asks if Thomson did not overlook heat generated by the crushing and folding of strata during the refrigeration of the globe.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | George Howard Darwin |
| Date: | 24 Nov [1877] |
| Classmark: | DAR 210.1: 65 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11251 |
To E. S. Morse 23 April 1877
Summary
Thanks for ESM’s address ["What American zoologists have done for evolution", Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 25 (1876)].
J. A. Allen’s work is important as apparently showing change through direct action of [external] conditions.
CD has given up trying to understand E. D. Cope and Alpheus Hyatt on acceleration and retardation.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Edward Sylvester Morse |
| Date: | 23 Apr 1877 |
| Classmark: | Peabody Essex Museum: Phillips Library (E. S. Morse Papers, E 2, Box 3, Folder 11) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10938 |
From Samuel Butler to Francis Darwin 24 September 1877
Summary
Offers to send MS of part of his new book [Life and habit] which gently pokes fun at CD. His book will offer an alternative to Pangenesis.
| Author: | Samuel Butler |
| Addressee: | Francis Darwin |
| Date: | 24 Sept 1877 |
| Classmark: | DAR 199.5: 100 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11152 |
From Frederic Harrison to G. H. Darwin 13 June [1877]
Summary
The widow of Jules Michelet is seeking donations towards his tomb, and says that he was a great admirer of CD.
| Author: | Frederic Harrison |
| Addressee: | George Howard Darwin |
| Date: | 13 June [1877] |
| Classmark: | DAR 251: 1914 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10999F |
From C. W. Thomson 30 June 1877
Summary
Wants CD’s advice on who would undertake describing the Crustacea from the Challenger expedition [1872–6].
| Author: | Charles Wyville Thomson |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 30 June 1877 |
| Classmark: | DAR 178: 115 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11026 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … on who would undertake describing the Crustacea from the Challenger expedition [1872–6]. …
From W. H. Flower to Otto Zacharias 17 May 1877
Summary
Further discussion of structure of abnormal pig’s foot.
| Author: | William Henry Flower |
| Addressee: | Otto Zacharias |
| Date: | 17 May 1877 |
| Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.512) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10962 |
From G. H. Darwin 19 April 1877
Summary
Has heard CD is about to be proposed again for the Académie Française, but Huxley is proposed at the same time and may succeed against CD "as being more orthodox!"
| Author: | George Howard Darwin |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 19 Apr 1877 |
| Classmark: | DAR 210.2: 57 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10933 |
From W. T. Thiselton-Dyer 25 August 1877
Summary
CD’s curious observations on Trifolium resupinatum.
Describes a Maranta remarkable for its leaf asymmetry: its leaves are elliptical on one side and oblong on the other.
| Author: | William Turner Thiselton-Dyer |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 25 Aug 1877 |
| Classmark: | DAR 178: 101 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11111 |
To Nature 15 August [1877]
Summary
CD forwards letter from F. J. Cohn [11093] that provides confirmation of observations by Francis Darwin on the contractile filaments protruded from the glands of Dipsacus.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Nature |
| Date: | 15 Aug [1877] |
| Classmark: | Nature, 23 August 1877, p. 339 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11108 |
From F. J. Cohn 5 August 1877
Summary
Praises unbroken series of CD’s and Francis [Darwin]’s botanical works.
Confirms FD’s Dipsacus observations. Problem of interpreting microscopic filaments as protoplasm or as inorganic and osmotic artifacts.
| Author: | Ferdinand Julius Cohn |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 5 Aug 1877 |
| Classmark: | DAR 161: 203 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11093 |
From Daniel Oliver 12 March 1877
Summary
Discusses the cleistogamous flowers of Oxalis. Thinks they may not be truly cleistogamous but merely arrested or imperfectly developed normal flowers.
| Author: | Daniel Oliver |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 12 Mar 1877 |
| Classmark: | DAR 173: 35 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10890 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … to Joseph Dalton Hooker, 15 March 1872 , JSTOR Global Plants, http://plants.jstor.org/ …
To Fritz Müller 14 May 1877
Summary
Requests observations on sensitive Mimosa and movements of plants in rain.
Worm-castings.
| Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Addressee: | Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller |
| Date: | 14 May 1877 |
| Classmark: | The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 42) |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10960 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … subject more systematic attention in 1871 and 1872; see Correspondence vols. 19 and 20. …
From F. J. Cohn 31 December 1877
Summary
Sends details of H. H. R. Koch’s work on bacteria, including first photographs.
J. S. Burdon Sanderson’s and Koch’s collaboration on systemic fever.
Thinks movement of Francis Darwin’s Dipsacus filaments is an artifact.
| Author: | Ferdinand Julius Cohn |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 31 Dec 1877 |
| Classmark: | DAR 161: 205 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11298 |
From R. F. Cooke 5 October 1877
Summary
About 150 copies remain of Forms of flowers.
| Author: | Robert Francis Cooke; John Murray |
| Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
| Date: | 5 Oct 1877 |
| Classmark: | DAR 171: 491 |
| Letter no: | DCP-LETT-11170 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1872. Forms of flowers : The different forms of …
| letter | (55) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (16) |
| Cooke, R. F. | (5) |
| John Murray | (5) |
| Reinwald, C.-F. | (3) |
| Butler, Samuel (b) | (2) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (34) |
| Darwin, Francis | (3) |
| Darwin, G. H. | (3) |
| Blewitt, Octavian | (1) |
| Busch, Otto | (1) |
| Austin, A. D. | (1) |
| Bemmelen, A. A. van | (1) |
| Blewitt, Octavian | (1) |
| Busch, Otto | (1) |
| Butler, Samuel (b) | (2) |
| Carus, J. V. | (2) |
| Cohn, F. J. | (2) |
| Cooke, R. F. | (5) |
| D. Appleton & Co | (1) |
| Darwin, C. R. | (50) |
| Darwin, Francis | (3) |
| Darwin, G. H. | (4) |
| Enrique | (1) |
| Farrer, T. H. | (1) |
| Flower, W. H. | (1) |
| Fox, W. D. | (1) |
| Fuchs, Sigmund | (1) |
| Graham, C. C. | (1) |
| Gray, Asa | (1) |
| Harris, Edward | (1) |
| Harrison, Frederic | (2) |
| Hooker, J. D. | (1) |
| Hyatt, Alpheus | (1) |
| John Murray | (5) |
| Layton, Charles | (1) |
| Linnström, Hjalmar | (1) |
| Malm, A. W. | (2) |
| Meldola, Raphael | (2) |
| Moorsom, W. M. | (2) |
| Morse, E. S. | (1) |
| Müller, Fritz | (1) |
| Nature | (1) |
| Neumayr, Melchior | (1) |
| Oliver, Daniel | (1) |
| Palmer, Thomas | (1) |
| Preyer, William | (1) |
| Reinwald, C.-F. | (3) |
| Saporta, Gaston de | (1) |
| Saunders, William | (1) |
| Scott, John | (1) |
| Semper, C. G. | (1) |
| Thiselton-Dyer, W. T. | (1) |
| Thomson, C. W. | (1) |
| Veth, H. J. | (1) |
| Weismann, August | (1) |
| Zacharias, Otto | (1) |
Darwin in letters, 1872: Job done?
Summary
'My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, 'is so nearly closed. . . What little more I can do, shall be chiefly new work’, and the tenor of his correspondence throughout the year is one of wistful reminiscence, coupled with a keen eye…
Matches: 29 hits
- … ‘My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, ‘is so nearly closed. . . What little more I can …
- … as evolution’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 27 July [1872] ). By the end of the year Darwin …
- … s. 6 d. ( letter from R. F. Cooke, 12 February 1872 ). Always closely involved in …
- … translator ( letter to J. J. Moulinié, 23 September 1872 ). He recapped the history of the French …
- … of the year ( letter from C.-F. Reinwald, 23 November 1872 ). To persuade his US publisher, …
- … Mivart ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 11 January [1872] ). A worsening breach The …
- … beautiful’ ( letter from A. R. Wallace, 3 March 1872 ). I consider that you have …
- … Darwin ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 5 January 1872 ). Piqued, Mivart flung back by return of post …
- … errors’ ( letter from St G. J. Mivart, 6 January 1872 ). Darwin likened the affair to the …
- … towards me’ ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 8 January [1872] ). Despite Darwin’s request that he …
- … world’ ( letter from St G. J. Mivart, 10 January 1872 ). Darwin, determined to have the last …
- … acknowledge it ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 11 January [1872] ). 'I hate controversy,’ Darwin …
- … I do it badly’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 3 August [1872] ). Darwin's theories under …
- … the world moves!’ ( letter from Mary Treat, 13 December 1872 ). 'Here is a bee' …
- … it at least in part ( letter to August Weismann, 5 April 1872 ). ‘I wanted some encouragement’, he …
- … to believe it’ ( letter to Herman Müller, [before 5 May 1872] ). Müller had sent him a …
- … of natural and sexual selection to bees (H. Müller 1872), and with his reply Darwin enclosed an …
- … standing’ ( letter to Hermann Müller, [before 5 May 1872] ). Finishing Expression …
- … doing nothing’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 22 October [1872] ). He was far from idle during their …
- … to be more erect’ ( letter to Briton Riviere, 19 May [1872] ). Riviere had been suggested to …
- … clever book’ ( letter to J. M. Herbert, 21 November 1872 ) and invited Butler to dinner the …
- … from Samuel Butler to Francis Darwin, [before 30 May 1872] , and letter from Samuel Butler, 30 …
- … feels no doubts’ ( letter to F. C. Donders, 17 June 1872 ). Right up to the beginning of June, …
- … Buckley Litchfield ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 13 May 1872 ). Delivery to the press brought only …
- … myself’ ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 25 July 1872 ). A battle for the independence of …
- … partisan reply ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 14 May 1872 ). On 13 June, a messenger arrived in …
- … to letter from John Lubbock to W. E. Gladstone, 20 June 1872 ). Darwin was quietly using his …
- … an old honest Tory’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 July [1872] ). Darwin and Wallace: …
- … Wallace’s defence ( letter to Nature , 3 August [1872] ). Although the two men were …
Diagrams and drawings in letters
Summary
Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…
New features for Charles Darwin's 208th birthday
Summary
The website has been updated with an interactive timeline (try it!) and enhanced secondary school resources for ages 11-14. What's more, the full texts of the letters for 1872 are now online for the first time, and a selection of Darwin's…
Darwin’s queries on expression
Summary
When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…
Referencing women’s work
Summary
Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, but whether and how they were acknowledged in print involved complex considerations of social standing, professional standing, and personal preference.…
Matches: 7 hits
- … Letter 8321 - Darwin to Litchfield, H. E., [13 May 1872] Darwin consults his …
- … Letter 7345 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [15 June 1872] Darwin’s niece, Lucy, reports …
- … Letter 8427 - Darwin to Litchfield H. E., [25 July 1872] Darwin thanks Henrietta for …
- … 8168 - Ruck, A. R. to Darwin, H., [20 January 1872] Amy Ruck reports the results …
- … 8193 - Ruck, A. R. to Darwin, H., [1 February 1872] Amy Ruck sends a second …
- … Letter 8224 - Darwin to Ruck, A. R., [24 February 1872] Darwin asks his …
- … Letter 7345 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [15 June 1872] Darwin’s niece, Lucy, reports …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 9 hits
- … Letter 8676 - Treat, M. to Darwin, [13 December 1872] Mary Treat details her …
- … Letter 8683 - Roberts, D. to Darwin, [17 December 1872] Dora Roberts reports an …
- … 8144 - Darwin to Wedgwood, L. C., [5 January 1872] Darwin asks his niece, Lucy, …
- … 8168 - Ruck, A. R . to Darwin, H., [20 January 1872] Amy Ruck reports the results …
- … Letter 8224 - Darwin to Ruck, A. R., [24 February 1872] Darwin asks his …
- … Letter 8169 - Wedgwood, L. to Darwin, [20 January, 1872] Darwin’s niece, Lucy, gives the …
- … 8427 - Darwin to Litc hfield, H. E., [25 July 1872] Darwin thanks Henrietta for …
- … 8153 - Darwin to Darwin, W. E., [9 January 1872] Darwin thanks his son William …
- … Letter 8676 - Treat, M. to Darwin, [13 December 1872] Mary Treat details her …
Capturing Darwin’s voice: audio of selected letters
Summary
On a sunny Wednesday in June 2011 in a makeshift recording studio somewhere in Cambridge, we were very pleased to welcome Terry Molloy back to the Darwin Correspondence Project for a special recording session. Terry, known for his portrayal of Davros in Dr…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Lydia Becker, 2 August 1863 ; to Mary Treat, 5 January 1872 ). Click on the play …
Language: key letters
Summary
How and why language evolved bears on larger questions about the evolution of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the development of human speech from animal sounds in The Descent of Man (1871),…
Survival of the fittest: the trouble with terminology Part II
Summary
The most forceful and persistent critic of the term ‘natural selection’ was the co-discoverer of the process itself, Alfred Russel Wallace. Wallace seized on Herbert Spencer’s term ‘survival of the fittest’, explicitly introduced as an alternative way of…
Matches: 1 hits
- … the fittest’ as ‘survival of the better’ (see Spencer 1872, and the letter to Herbert Spencer, 10 …
Women as a scientific audience
Summary
Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…
Darwin as mentor
Summary
Darwin provided advice, encouragement and praise to his fellow scientific 'labourers' of both sexes. Selected letters Letter 2234 - Darwin to Unidentified, [5 March 1858] Darwin advises that Professor C. P. Smyth’s observations are not…
Have you read the one about....
Summary
... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.
Matches: 1 hits
- … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …
4.13 'Fun' cartoon by Griset, 'Emotional'
Summary
< Back to Introduction Ernest Griset’s drawing titled ‘Emotional!’ was published in Fun magazine on 23 November 1872, and is another skit referring to Darwin’s recently published Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. A hippopotamus had been…
Thomas Rivers
Summary
Rivers and Darwin exchanged around 30 letters, most in 1863 when Darwin was hard at work on the manuscript of Variation of plants and animals under domestication, the lengthy and detailed sequel to Origin of species. Rivers, an experienced plant breeder…
Matches: 1 hits
- … for the prosperity I have long enjoyed” ( 29 March 1872 ). …
4.5 William Beard, comic painting
Summary
< Back to Introduction In June 1872, Darwin’s friend Asa Gray, the Harvard Professor of Botany, sent him a print or photograph of a comic painting by the American artist William Holbrook Beard. Titled The Youthful Darwin Expounding His Theories, it…
Matches: 3 hits
Earthworms
Summary
As with many of Darwin’s research topics, his interest in worms spanned nearly his entire working life. Some of his earliest correspondence about earthworms was written and received in the 1830s, shortly after his return from his Beagle voyage, and his…
Climbing Plants
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment A monograph by which to work After the publication of On the Origin of Species, Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, The Descent of Man, and The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals in…
Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 3 hits
3.16 Oscar Rejlander, photos
Summary
< Back to Introduction Darwin’s plans for the illustration of his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) led him to the Swedish-born painter and photographer, Oscar Gustaf Rejlander. Rejlander gave Darwin the notes that he had…
Matches: 4 hits
- … book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) led him to the Swedish-born …
- … him in May, August and October 1871, and in March and August 1872, but some of these payments, and …
- … April 1871, and reproduced in the London Journal in June 1872. Darwin also sent it to various …
- … one of Huxley, in The London Journal , 55:1426 (8 June 1872), p. 357, illustrating an article …
4.20 Frederick Waddy, caricature
Summary
< Back to Introduction A series of portrait caricatures drawn by Frederick Waddy appeared in the journal Once a Week through 1872. It clearly emulated the more famous series in Vanity Fair, and indeed, Waddy’s drawing of Darwin has the same title or…
