To Hermann Settegast 20 October 1871
Summary
Thanks HS for the preface to the 3d edition [of Die Thierzucht (1872)].
Has purchased H. von Nathusius’ work [? Vorträge über Viehzucht und Rassenkenntniss, Th. 1 (1872)]; feels he has ignored all that CD has attempted to make out with respect to domesticated animals.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Hermann Gustav (Hermann) Settegast |
Date: | 20 Oct 1871 |
Classmark: | Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz (Autogr. I/101/2, Bl. 3–4) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-8020 |
Matches: 7 hits
- … to the 3d edition [of Die Thierzucht (1872)]. Has purchased H. von Nathusius’ work [? …
- … über Viehzucht und Rassenkenntniss , Th. 1 (1872)]; feels he has ignored all that CD has …
- … Racen. Berlin. Nathusius, Hermann von. 1872–80. Vorträge über Viehzucht und Raßenkenntniß. …
- … Wiegandt & Hempel. Settegast, Hermann Gustav. 1872. Die Thierzucht. 3d edition. Breslau: …
- … s Thierzucht (Animal breeding: Settegast 1872 ). There is an offprint of the preface in …
- … in Variation ), and the first volume of Nathusius 1872–80 . Nathusius criticised …
- … s Thierzucht in the first volume of Nathusius 1872–80 , and Settegast devoted a large part …
To M. C. Stanley [18 November 1871]
Summary
Much perplexed by W. Crookes’s article. He can neither disbelieve nor believe. Article has removed some of his difficulty in that the supposed power is not an anomaly. Hopes men such as G. G. Stokes will be induced to witness Crookes’s experiments.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Mary Catherine Sackville-West, countess of Derby; Mary Catherine Gascoyne-Cecil, countess of Derby; Mary Catherine Stanley, countess of Derby |
Date: | [18 Nov 1871] |
Classmark: | DAR 143: 384 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-9209 |
From Ernst Haeckel 21 December 1871
Summary
Comments on Die Kalkschwämme [1872].
A Franciscan prior, Padre Buona-Grazia, agrees with human descent.
His trip to Dalmatia.
German reception of Descent.
Mentions current work.
Author: | Ernst Philipp August (Ernst) Haeckel |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 21 Dec 1871 |
Classmark: | DAR 166: 56 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-8114 |
Matches: 7 hits
- … Comments on Die Kalkschwämme [1872]. A Franciscan prior, Padre Buona-Grazia, agrees with …
- … und den besten Wünschen für das neue Jahr 1872 | Ihr treu ergebener | Ernst Haeckel …
- … für das folgende Jahr schicken. Möge Ihnen 1872 frische Gesundheit und neue Kraft zu neuen …
- … and the best wishes for the new year 1872 | Yours most faithfully | Ernst Haeckel …
- … sponges ( Haeckel 1872a ) was published in December 1872 (see Correspondence vol. …
- … 20, letter from Ernst Haeckel, 10 December 1872 ). Haeckel relied on embryology in his …
- … my best wishes for the year to come. May 1872 bring you fresh health and new strength for …
From W. W. Reade 12 September 1871
Summary
Prefers W. C. Wells’s explanation of the formation of the Nehro type to CD’s sexual selection.
Outlines his view of the origin of man by natural selection.
Author: | William Winwood Reade |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 12 Sept 1871 |
Classmark: | DAR 176: 47 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7936 |
Matches: 6 hits
- … John Murray. 1871. Reade, William Winwood. 1872. The martyrdom of man. London: Trübner & …
- … the earliest development of humans in Reade 1872 , pp. 419–21. CD discussed language in …
- … second edition of Descent a reference to Reade 1872 , p. 441, and Reade 1873 , 2: 313, …
- … periods of time ( Reade 1873 , 2: 523–4). Martyrdom of man ( Reade 1872 ) was published …
- … in May 1872 ( Athenæum , …
- … 11 May 1872, p. 589). Reade …
To J. V. Carus 17 November 1871
Summary
CD offers to mark corrected passages in sheets of 6th edition of Origin.
Discusses question of hybrids between goats and sheep, on which H. von Nathusius has cast doubt in his recent Viehzucht [1872]. CD gives several references for a contrary view.
Asks JVC to inquire about HvN’s assertion that castrated rams have no horns.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Julius Victor Carus |
Date: | 17 Nov 1871 |
Classmark: | Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz (Slg. Darmstaedter Lc 1859: Darwin, Charles, Bl. 80–81) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-8073 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … 247. CD added information from Nathusius 1872–80 , 1: 64–5, in Descent 2d ed. , p. 506. …
- … has cast doubt in his recent Viehzucht [1872]. CD gives several references for a contrary …
- … German translation (Bronn and Carus trans. 1872) from the sixth edition of Origin. See …
- … breeds) by Hermann von Nathusius ( Nathusius 1872–80 , 1: 26). CD’s annotated copy is in …
- … A. de Sancha. Nathusius, Hermann von. 1872–80. Vorträge über Viehzucht und Raßenkenntniß. …
From W. E. Darwin to John Higgins 30 October [1871]
Summary
Has discussed the tenancy at Claythorpe with his father, and he will be happy for JH’s son to take over the farm.
Author: | William Erasmus Darwin |
Addressee: | John Higgins |
Date: | 30 Oct [1871] |
Classmark: | Lincolnshire Archives (HIG/4/5/11) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-8034F |
To Alexander Agassiz 10 September [1871 or 1873]
Summary
Discusses exchange of books.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Alexander Agassiz |
Date: | 10 Sept [1871 or 1873] |
Classmark: | DAR 143: 9 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7932 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … and Stationers’ Weekly Trade Circular 2 (1872): 708). Variation US ed. sold for $6 ( …
- … Stationers’ Weekly Trade Circular 2 (1872): 708). Agassiz’s clerk has not been identified. …
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1872. Origin : On the origin of species by means …
- … Galápagos from December 1871 to October 1872 ( Marcou 1896 , 2: 183–91). The circular and …
- … s. , and Origin 6th ed. , which came out in 1872, sold for 7 s. 6 d. Variation sold for £1 …
From W. W. Reade 20 September 1871
Summary
Surprised at Mivart’s harsh review [Q. Rev. 131 (1871): 47–90], considering courteous tone of his book. Assures CD he has not been converted by Mivart.
Author: | William Winwood Reade |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 20 Sept 1871 |
Classmark: | DAR 176: 50 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7955 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … in Origin 6th ed. , p. 178. Reade’s Martyrdom of man ( Reade 1872 ) was published …
- … in May 1872 ( Athenæum , …
- … 11 May 1872, p. 589); his African sketch-book ( Reade 1873 ) was not published until …
- … with additions and corrections. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1872. Reade, …
- … William Winwood. 1872. The martyrdom of man. London: Trübner & Co. Reade, William Winwood. …
From W. W. Reade 4 March 1871
Summary
Praise for gentle but resolute tone of Descent.
Author: | William Winwood Reade |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 4 Mar 1871 |
Classmark: | DAR 176: 46 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7546 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … Thomas Henry Huxley . Reade’s book, The martyrdom of man ( Reade 1872 ), was published …
- … in May 1872 ( Publishers’ Circular , …
- … 16 May 1872, p. 317). CD’s annotated copy is in the Darwin Library–CUL (see Marginalia 1: …
- … Publishing. 1990. Reade, William Winwood. 1872. The martyrdom of man. London: Trübner & …
From R. F. Cooke 1 November 1871
Summary
Suggests CD have Origin [6th ed.] stereotyped.
Will sell out remaining copies of Descent at forthcoming trade sale, print off 500 or 1000 more, and then have the type distributed.
14 copies of C. Wright’s pamphlet have been sold.
Author: | Robert Francis Cooke; John Murray |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 1 Nov 1871 |
Classmark: | DAR 171: 404 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-8044 |
From K. T. E. von Siebold 29 November 1871
Summary
Thanks CD for copies of the Origin and Cirripedia;
sends his latest publication in return [Beiträge zur Parthenogenesis der Arthropoden (1871)]. Discusses his work on parthenogenesis which, he believes, is a case of atavism.
Author: | Carl Theodor Ernst von Siebold |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 29 Nov 1871 |
Classmark: | DAR 177: 159 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-8088 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … Palaeontographical Society. 1851. Lankester, Edwin Ray. 1872. Siebold’s new researches …
- … in parthenogenesis. Nature , 10 October 1872, pp. …
- … 483– 5, and 24 October 1872, pp. 523–5. Living Cirripedia (1851): A monograph of the sub- …
- … capable of fertilisation, see Lankester 1872 . John Lubbock had published several papers …
To Ernst Haeckel 27 December 1871
Summary
Refers to priest who believes in "our ape-like progenitors".
EH’s work on sponges.
Pangenesis.
Describes new edition of Origin [6th]
and his work on plant crossing.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Ernst Philipp August (Ernst) Haeckel |
Date: | 27 Dec 1871 |
Classmark: | Ernst-Haeckel-Haus (Bestand A Abt. 1–52/26) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-8121 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … Victor Carus (Bronn and Carus trans. 1872; see letter from J. V. Carus, 7 October …
- … and n. 7). Expression was published in 1872. Cross and self fertilisation was published …
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1872. Origin 6th ed. : The origin of species by …
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1872. Variation : The variation of animals and …
To A. B. Buckley 18 December [1871]
Summary
Thanks her for marked proof-sheets.
Discusses climate in earlier geological periods.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Arabella Burton Buckley |
Date: | 18 Dec [1871] |
Classmark: | DAR 143: 177 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6508 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … 84; 36: 141–54, 362–86. Lyell, Charles. 1872. Principles of geology or the modern changes …
- … of Charles Lyell’s Principles of geology ( Lyell 1872 ). CD refers to proof-sheets for the …
- … which he finished working on by 10 January 1872 (see Correspondence vol. 20, ‘Journal’ ( …
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1872. Origin : On the origin of species by means …
- … the orbit upon oceanic currents’. In Lyell 1872 , 1: 277–80, Lyell argued that Croll had …
To John Murray 3 June [1871]
Summary
Is disappointed at high price, 7s 6d, being considered for the cheap edition of the Origin [6th ed.]. Has been told that, in Lancashire, workmen club together to buy the Origin.
Little chance that Expression will be done this autumn.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | John Murray |
Date: | 3 June [1871] |
Classmark: | National Library of Scotland (John Murray Archive) (Ms. 42152 ff. 246–7) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7798 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … see ‘Journal’ (Appendix II)). Expression was published in November 1872 ( Freeman 1977 ). …
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1872. Freeman, Richard Broke. 1977. The works of …
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1872. Origin : On the origin of species by means …
- … 7 s. 6 d. ( Publishers’ Circular , 1 March 1872, p. 143). CD’s informant was William Boyd …
From W. W. Reade 15 September 1871
Summary
Believes CD will not consider him a good Darwinian since he accepts natural selection only as a secondary law.
Author: | William Winwood Reade |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 15 Sept 1871 |
Classmark: | DAR 176: 48 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7947 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … John Murray. 1869. Reade, William Winwood. 1872. The martyrdom of man. London: Trübner & …
- … Reade refers to his Martyrdom of man ( Reade 1872 ); see letter from W. W. Reade, 12 …
- … in his letter of 12 September 1871 . Reade 1872 contains a section outlining Reade’s …
- … is no appendix on natural selection in Reade 1872 . St George Jackson Mivart in his On the …
To J. J. Moulinié 28 June [1871]
Summary
Fears a pirated edition of Descent; hopes JJM’s translation will come out soon.
Preparing new [6th] edition of Origin. Can publication of French edition be delayed in order to incorporate corrections?
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Jean Jacques Moulinié |
Date: | 28 June [1871] |
Classmark: | Bibliothèque de Genève (Ms. suppl. 66, ff. 20–1) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7836 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … New York. Two printings were produced in 1871 and a third in 1872 ( Freeman 1977 ). …
- … Moulinié’s French translation was published in 1872 (Moulinié trans. …
- … 1872). CD worked on Origin 6th ed. from 18 June to 29 October 1871 (see ‘Journal’ ( …
- … 6th edition, with additions and corrections. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1872. …
To Archibald Geikie 30 December 1871
Summary
Is obliged for valuable letter [see 8123] and encloses queries about the manner of gradual obliteration of ridges or furrows in old pasture lands in various parts of England.
Gives details of his experiment to test his observations of the downward flow of worm-casts.
Refers to [Lyon] Playfair, [A. C.] Ramsay, and AG’s edition of [J. B.] Jukes, [A student’s manual of geology, 3d ed., 1872].
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Archibald Geikie |
Date: | 30 Dec 1871 |
Classmark: | DAR 185: 133 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-8125F |
From V. O. Kovalevsky 19 August [1871]
Summary
A. J. Gaudry is one of few supporters of Darwinism in Paris.
The climate is so hostile that Kovalevsky must mitigate his views so as not to irritate the French.
Working on Anchitherium, which he believes is intermediate between Palaeotherium and the horse.
His brother-in-law has been arrested.
Author: | Vladimir Onufrievich Kovalevsky (Владимир Онуфриевич Ковалевский) |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 19 Aug [1871] |
Classmark: | DAR 169: 66 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7911 |
Matches: 5 hits
- … Birkhäuser. Kovalevsky, Vladimir Onufrievich. 1872. Sur l’Anchitherium aurelianense Cuv. …
- … paléontologique des chevaux. [Read 5 September 1872. ] Mémoires de l’Académie impériale …
- … 55 ; see preface to V. O. Kovalevsky 1872 ). Lartet had adopted the name Anchitherium …
- … Paris. Kovalevsky refers to V. O. Kovalevsky 1872 . Kovalevsky was one of the first to …
- … development of hooves ( V. O. Kovalevsky 1872 ). For the history of evolution in equids …
From G. H. Darwin [c. 17 July 1871]
Author: | George Howard Darwin |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | [c. 17 July 1871] |
Classmark: | DAR 210.2: 11 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6765 |
To J. D. Hooker 5 July [1871]
Summary
Lady Lyell’s anxiety over Lyell’s health.
Preparing new edition of Origin.
Asks whether anything was observed [in Morocco] on expressions.
Did JDH notice whether pollen-masses in Ophrys apifera in N. Africa fall on the stigma, as in England?
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Date: | 5 July [1871] |
Classmark: | DAR 94: 197–8 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7850 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1872. Orchids 2d ed. : The various contrivances by …
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1872. Origin : On the origin of species by means …
- … sixth edition of Origin was published in 1872; on page 335, CD commented that Hooker had ‘ …
- … began work on the sixth edition on 18 June 1872. CD refers to his work on Expression ; see …
letter | (234) |
Darwin, C. R. | (123) |
Reade, W. W. | (8) |
Hooker, J. D. | (7) |
Crichton-Browne, James | (5) |
Cooke, R. F. | (4) |
Darwin, C. R. | (105) |
Crichton-Browne, James | (9) |
Cooke, R. F. | (7) |
Darwin, W. E. | (7) |
Murray, John (b) | (7) |
Darwin, C. R. | (228) |
Crichton-Browne, James | (14) |
Cooke, R. F. | (11) |
Hooker, J. D. | (11) |
Darwin, W. E. | (10) |

Darwin in letters, 1872: Job done?
Summary
'My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, 'is so nearly closed. . . What little more I can do, shall be chiefly new work’, and the tenor of his correspondence throughout the year is one of wistful reminiscence, coupled with a keen eye…
Matches: 29 hits
- … ‘My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, ‘is so nearly closed. . . What little more I can …
- … as evolution’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 27 July [1872] ). By the end of the year Darwin …
- … s. 6 d. ( letter from R. F. Cooke, 12 February 1872 ). Always closely involved in …
- … translator ( letter to J. J. Moulinié, 23 September 1872 ). He recapped the history of the French …
- … of the year ( letter from C.-F. Reinwald, 23 November 1872 ). To persuade his US publisher, …
- … Mivart ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 11 January [1872] ). A worsening breach The …
- … beautiful’ ( letter from A. R. Wallace, 3 March 1872 ). I consider that you have …
- … Darwin ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 5 January 1872 ). Piqued, Mivart flung back by return of post …
- … errors’ ( letter from St G. J. Mivart, 6 January 1872 ). Darwin likened the affair to the …
- … towards me’ ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 8 January [1872] ). Despite Darwin’s request that he …
- … world’ ( letter from St G. J. Mivart, 10 January 1872 ). Darwin, determined to have the last …
- … acknowledge it ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 11 January [1872] ). 'I hate controversy,’ Darwin …
- … I do it badly’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 3 August [1872] ). Darwin's theories under …
- … the world moves!’ ( letter from Mary Treat, 13 December 1872 ). 'Here is a bee' …
- … it at least in part ( letter to August Weismann, 5 April 1872 ). ‘I wanted some encouragement’, he …
- … to believe it’ ( letter to Herman Müller, [before 5 May 1872] ). Müller had sent him a …
- … of natural and sexual selection to bees (H. Müller 1872), and with his reply Darwin enclosed an …
- … standing’ ( letter to Hermann Müller, [before 5 May 1872] ). Finishing Expression …
- … doing nothing’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 22 October [1872] ). He was far from idle during their …
- … to be more erect’ ( letter to Briton Riviere, 19 May [1872] ). Riviere had been suggested to …
- … clever book’ ( letter to J. M. Herbert, 21 November 1872 ) and invited Butler to dinner the …
- … from Samuel Butler to Francis Darwin, [before 30 May 1872] , and letter from Samuel Butler, 30 …
- … feels no doubts’ ( letter to F. C. Donders, 17 June 1872 ). Right up to the beginning of June, …
- … Buckley Litchfield ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 13 May 1872 ). Delivery to the press brought only …
- … myself’ ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 25 July 1872 ). A battle for the independence of …
- … partisan reply ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 14 May 1872 ). On 13 June, a messenger arrived in …
- … to letter from John Lubbock to W. E. Gladstone, 20 June 1872 ). Darwin was quietly using his …
- … an old honest Tory’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 July [1872] ). Darwin and Wallace: …
- … Wallace’s defence ( letter to Nature , 3 August [1872] ). Although the two men were …

Diagrams and drawings in letters
Summary
Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…

New features for Charles Darwin's 208th birthday
Summary
The website has been updated with an interactive timeline (try it!) and enhanced secondary school resources for ages 11-14. What's more, the full texts of the letters for 1872 are now online for the first time, and a selection of Darwin's…

Darwin’s queries on expression
Summary
When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…
Referencing women’s work
Summary
Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, but whether and how they were acknowledged in print involved complex considerations of social standing, professional standing, and personal preference.…
Matches: 7 hits
- … Letter 8321 - Darwin to Litchfield, H. E., [13 May 1872] Darwin consults his …
- … Letter 7345 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [15 June 1872] Darwin’s niece, Lucy, reports …
- … Letter 8427 - Darwin to Litchfield H. E., [25 July 1872] Darwin thanks Henrietta for …
- … 8168 - Ruck, A. R. to Darwin, H., [20 January 1872] Amy Ruck reports the results …
- … 8193 - Ruck, A. R. to Darwin, H., [1 February 1872] Amy Ruck sends a second …
- … Letter 8224 - Darwin to Ruck, A. R., [24 February 1872] Darwin asks his …
- … Letter 7345 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [15 June 1872] Darwin’s niece, Lucy, reports …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 9 hits
- … Letter 8676 - Treat, M. to Darwin, [13 December 1872] Mary Treat details her …
- … Letter 8683 - Roberts, D. to Darwin, [17 December 1872] Dora Roberts reports an …
- … 8144 - Darwin to Wedgwood, L. C., [5 January 1872] Darwin asks his niece, Lucy, …
- … 8168 - Ruck, A. R . to Darwin, H., [20 January 1872] Amy Ruck reports the results …
- … Letter 8224 - Darwin to Ruck, A. R., [24 February 1872] Darwin asks his …
- … Letter 8169 - Wedgwood, L. to Darwin, [20 January, 1872] Darwin’s niece, Lucy, gives the …
- … 8427 - Darwin to Litc hfield, H. E., [25 July 1872] Darwin thanks Henrietta for …
- … 8153 - Darwin to Darwin, W. E., [9 January 1872] Darwin thanks his son William …
- … Letter 8676 - Treat, M. to Darwin, [13 December 1872] Mary Treat details her …

Capturing Darwin’s voice: audio of selected letters
Summary
On a sunny Wednesday in June 2011 in a makeshift recording studio somewhere in Cambridge, we were very pleased to welcome Terry Molloy back to the Darwin Correspondence Project for a special recording session. Terry, known for his portrayal of Davros in Dr…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Lydia Becker, 2 August 1863 ; to Mary Treat, 5 January 1872 ). Click on the play …

Language: key letters
Summary
How and why language evolved bears on larger questions about the evolution of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the development of human speech from animal sounds in The Descent of Man (1871),…

Survival of the fittest: the trouble with terminology Part II
Summary
The most forceful and persistent critic of the term ‘natural selection’ was the co-discoverer of the process itself, Alfred Russel Wallace. Wallace seized on Herbert Spencer’s term ‘survival of the fittest’, explicitly introduced as an alternative way of…
Matches: 1 hits
- … the fittest’ as ‘survival of the better’ (see Spencer 1872, and the letter to Herbert Spencer, 10 …
Women as a scientific audience
Summary
Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…
Darwin as mentor
Summary
Darwin provided advice, encouragement and praise to his fellow scientific 'labourers' of both sexes. Selected letters Letter 2234 - Darwin to Unidentified, [5 March 1858] Darwin advises that Professor C. P. Smyth’s observations are not…

Have you read the one about....
Summary
... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.
Matches: 1 hits
- … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …
4.13 'Fun' cartoon by Griset, 'Emotional'
Summary
< Back to Introduction Ernest Griset’s drawing titled ‘Emotional!’ was published in Fun magazine on 23 November 1872, and is another skit referring to Darwin’s recently published Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. A hippopotamus had been…

Thomas Rivers
Summary
Rivers and Darwin exchanged around 30 letters, most in 1863 when Darwin was hard at work on the manuscript of Variation of plants and animals under domestication, the lengthy and detailed sequel to Origin of species. Rivers, an experienced plant breeder…
Matches: 1 hits
- … for the prosperity I have long enjoyed” ( 29 March 1872 ). …
4.5 William Beard, comic painting
Summary
< Back to Introduction In June 1872, Darwin’s friend Asa Gray, the Harvard Professor of Botany, sent him a print or photograph of a comic painting by the American artist William Holbrook Beard. Titled The Youthful Darwin Expounding His Theories, it…
Matches: 3 hits

Climbing Plants
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment A monograph by which to work After the publication of On the Origin of Species, Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, The Descent of Man, and The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals in…

Earthworms
Summary
As with many of Darwin’s research topics, his interest in worms spanned nearly his entire working life. Some of his earliest correspondence about earthworms was written and received in the 1830s, shortly after his return from his Beagle voyage, and his…

Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 3 hits
3.16 Oscar Rejlander, photos
Summary
< Back to Introduction Darwin’s plans for the illustration of his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) led him to the Swedish-born painter and photographer, Oscar Gustaf Rejlander. Rejlander gave Darwin the notes that he had…
Matches: 4 hits
- … book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) led him to the Swedish-born …
- … him in May, August and October 1871, and in March and August 1872, but some of these payments, and …
- … April 1871, and reproduced in the London Journal in June 1872. Darwin also sent it to various …
- … one of Huxley, in The London Journal , 55:1426 (8 June 1872), p. 357, illustrating an article …
4.20 Frederick Waddy, caricature
Summary
< Back to Introduction A series of portrait caricatures drawn by Frederick Waddy appeared in the journal Once a Week through 1872. It clearly emulated the more famous series in Vanity Fair, and indeed, Waddy’s drawing of Darwin has the same title or…