To T. H. Farrer 10 August [1869]
Summary
THF’s view, if confirmed, pleases CD in that what appears a mere morphological character is found to be of use. Carl Nägeli has been attacking him on this head.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Thomas Henry Farrer, 1st baronet and 1st Baron Farrer |
Date: | 10 Aug [1869] |
Classmark: | Linnean Society of London (LS Ms 299/8) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6859 |
Matches: 6 hits
- … University Press. 1985–. Farrer, Thomas Henry. 1872. On the fertilisation of a few …
- … common papilionaceous flowers. Nature , 10 October 1872, pp. …
- … 478–80, and 17 October 1872, pp. 498–501. ‘Fertilization of orchids’: Notes on the …
- … on symmetry in the double aperture in Farrer 1872 , p. 501. Although Farrer wrote up his …
- … CD, he did not send them to the Linnean Society ; they were published in Nature in 1872 ( …
- … Farrer 1872 ; for the history of the paper, see ibid. , p. 478). Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli …
From T. H. Farrer 18 September 1869
Author: | Thomas Henry Farrer, 1st baronet and 1st Baron Farrer |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 18 Sept 1869 |
Classmark: | DAR 164: 55 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6898 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … University Press. 1985–. Farrer, Thomas Henry. 1872. On the fertilisation of a few …
- … common papilionaceous flowers. Nature , 10 October 1872, pp. …
- … 478–80, and 17 October 1872, pp. 498–501. ‘Fertilization of orchids’: Notes on the …
- … in the Papilionaceae in Nature ( Farrer 1872 ). Farrer was permanent secretary of the …
To T. H. Farrer 10 October [1869]
Summary
Sympathises with THF at being forestalled by Delpino, but urges him to publish confirmation.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Thomas Henry Farrer, 1st baronet and 1st Baron Farrer |
Date: | 10 Oct [1869] |
Classmark: | Linnean Society of London (LS Ms 299/17) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6930 |
Matches: 4 hits
From John Murray 18 September [1869]
Summary
JM is about to start a new monthly literary review [the Academy]. Would like to publish in first number a short notice of the new work upon which CD is engaged [Descent].
Author: | John Murray |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 18 Sept [1869] |
Classmark: | DAR 171: 371 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6897 |
From J. J. Moulinié 5 November 1869
Summary
Reinwald will be pleased to publish Descent.
He would also like to publish a Moulinié translation of the latest English edition of Origin. Negotiations with the old publisher are needed.
Author: | Jean Jacques Moulinié |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 5 Nov 1869 |
Classmark: | DAR 171: 274 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6971 |
From Charles Lyell 2 November 1869
Summary
Comments on Huxley’s address ["Geological reform", Q. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 25 (1869): xxxviii–liii].
Physicists have ignored variation in sea-level in calculating effects.
Doubts if sun only source of heat.
Notes average depth of sea is 15 times height of land.
Criticises CD’s concept of permanent continents.
Sedimentary strata of Alleghenies must have derived from continent located where Atlantic is. Thinks enormous amount of denudation, submergence, and elevation may have accompanied relatively insignificant organic changes.
Author: | Charles Lyell, 1st baronet |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 2 Nov 1869 |
Classmark: | The University of Edinburgh Centre for Research Collections (Gen.113.ff.3734–3737) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6967 |
To William Bowman 16 May [1869–81]
Summary
"I shall not be in London on Monday, but I have written to my Brother to ask him to aid you"
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | William Bowman, 1st baronet |
Date: | 16 May [1869-81] |
Classmark: | George Houle Autographs (dealer) (Catalogue 61, March 1992) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13781 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … 16 May 1869 16 May 1870 16 May 1871 16 May 1872 16 May 1873 16 May 1874 16 May 1875 16 May …
To ? 2 May [1869 or later]
Summary
"When a man has laboured hard in science & has proved that he is capable of original research, he may [some]times indulge in speculation [&] the public will indulge him. But even in this case it is a common error to speculate too largely, for speculation is far easier than observation or experiments . . ."
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Unidentified |
Date: | 2 May [1869-82] |
Classmark: | Sotheby’s (dealers) (28 March 1983) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-13866A |
Matches: 1 hit
- … 2 May 1869 2 May 1870 2 May 1871 2 May 1872 2 May 1873 2 May 1874 2 May 1875 2 May 1876 2 …
To J. J. Moulinié 20 November 1869
Summary
Sends corrections of JJM’s translation of Origin. Sends preface.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Jean Jacques Moulinié |
Date: | 20 Nov 1869 |
Classmark: | Bibliothèque de Genève (Ms. suppl. 66, f. 15) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6998 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … letter to Moulinié, dated 23 September 1872, which appeared in Moulinié trans. 1873, …
From Ernst Haeckel 2 July 1869
Summary
Comments on 5th edition of the Origin [1869];
preparation of second edition of Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte [1870].
The reception of CD’s theory. Mentions support of Pieter Harting and Michael Sars.
EH’s research on calcareous sponges and plans to publish monograph on them.
Author: | Ernst Philipp August (Ernst) Haeckel |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 2 July 1869 |
Classmark: | DAR 166: 52 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6812 |
To James Paget 8 November [1869]
Summary
Thanks for confirmation about the extent of blushing.
Passed JP’s house but did not call; and now regrets his restraint.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | James Paget, 1st baronet |
Date: | 8 Nov [1869] |
Classmark: | The Argyll Papers, Inveraray Castle (NRAS 1209/856) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6977F |
Matches: 1 hit
- … of the emotions in man and animals. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1872. …
To J. J. Moulinié 23 October [1869]
Summary
Would be delighted to have JJM translate new book [Descent].
Can CD legally bring out new edition of Origin in France with new publisher? Has been ill-used by V. Masson and C. Royer. Wants edition without Royer’s preface.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Jean Jacques Moulinié |
Date: | 23 Oct [1869] |
Classmark: | Bibliothèque de Genève (Ms. suppl. 66, ff. 11–12) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6955 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1872. Origin : On the origin of species by means …
From J. D. Hooker 13 August 1869
Summary
Did not intend to imply that Hallett said variation stopped, but that it arrives at a point where further accumulation in direction sought is so slow as to result practically in fixity of type – but not absolute fixity.
Duke of Argyll has requested JDH to superintend publication of a flora of India. JDH thinks he [Argyll] is paying him off for his kick at natural theology.
Willy [Hooker] returning from New Zealand.
A unique character in Drosophyllum.
Sees no reason for CD to contribute to Ross and Faraday memorials.
Author: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 13 Aug 1869 |
Classmark: | DAR 103: 27–9, DAR 100: 156 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6862 |
From J. D. Caton 5 May 1869
Summary
Females have no preference for particular males in deer and elk. Observations on sexual behaviour and characteristics of elk, deer, bison, and other animals.
Author: | John Dean Caton |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 5 May 1869 |
Classmark: | DAR 83: 170–1 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6729 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Sciences ( Ottawa Free Trader , 28 September 1872). For John James Audubon’s description …
From James Crichton-Browne 1 June 1869
Summary
Discusses the bristling of hair in melancholics and the action of the platysma myoides muscle and the grief muscles in the insane.
Author: | James Crichton-Browne |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 1 June 1869 |
Classmark: | DAR 161: 309 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6769 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1872. Origin 5th ed. : On the origin of species by …
From T. H. Farrer 8 August 1869
Author: | Thomas Henry Farrer, 1st baronet and 1st Baron Farrer |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 8 Aug 1869 |
Classmark: | DAR 164: 53 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6857 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Abinger Hall, Dorking, Surrey, was completed in 1872 (Nairn and Pevsner 1971). Farrer was …
To A. R. Wallace 5 December [1869]
Summary
Further comments on arrangements for German translation of their joint paper.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Alfred Russel Wallace |
Date: | 5 Dec [1869] |
Classmark: | The British Library (Add MS 46434: 194–5) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-7020 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1872. Variation : The variation of animals and …
From J. V. Carus 29 April 1869
Summary
A new edition [4th German] of Origin to be published by Schweizerbart. JVC asks CD to send any changes or additions.
Variation has sold two-thirds of the first printing [1868].
Hopes he may do translation of CD’s new work [Descent].
Author: | Julius Victor Carus |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 29 Apr 1869 |
Classmark: | DAR 161: 70 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6717 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Joh. Müller und Charl. Darwin ( Carus 1872 ). Carus had made the German translation of …
To A. R. Wallace 25 June [1869]
Summary
On butterfly scales: there are many secondary characters which baffle conjecture.
Was forced to make additions to Origin as short as possible.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Alfred Russel Wallace |
Date: | 25 June [1869] |
Classmark: | The British Library (Add MS 46434: 186–7); Natural History Museum (Entomology Manuscripts MSS WAL A 1:1 (127-128)) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6802 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … In the event, when the museum opened in 1872, it was managed from South Kensington. ( …
From Margaret Susan Vaughan Williams to Henrietta Emma Darwin [after 14 October 1869]
Summary
Describes expression of her baby when crying.
Author: | Margaret Susan Wedgwood; Margaret Susan Vaughan Williams |
Addressee: | Henrietta Emma Darwin; Henrietta Emma Litchfield |
Date: | [after 14 Oct 1869] |
Classmark: | DAR 180: 4 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-6535 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … of the emotions in man and animals. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1872. …
letter | (27) |
Darwin, C. R. | (12) |
Farrer, T. H. | (2) |
Carus, J. V. | (1) |
Caton, J. D. | (1) |
Crichton-Browne, James | (1) |
Darwin, C. R. | (13) |
Crichton-Browne, James | (2) |
Farrer, T. H. | (2) |
Moulinié, J. J. | (2) |
Wallace, A. R. | (2) |
Darwin, C. R. | (25) |
Farrer, T. H. | (4) |
Crichton-Browne, James | (3) |
Moulinié, J. J. | (3) |
Wallace, A. R. | (2) |

Darwin in letters, 1872: Job done?
Summary
'My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, 'is so nearly closed. . . What little more I can do, shall be chiefly new work’, and the tenor of his correspondence throughout the year is one of wistful reminiscence, coupled with a keen eye…
Matches: 29 hits
- … ‘My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, ‘is so nearly closed. . . What little more I can …
- … as evolution’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 27 July [1872] ). By the end of the year Darwin …
- … s. 6 d. ( letter from R. F. Cooke, 12 February 1872 ). Always closely involved in …
- … translator ( letter to J. J. Moulinié, 23 September 1872 ). He recapped the history of the French …
- … of the year ( letter from C.-F. Reinwald, 23 November 1872 ). To persuade his US publisher, …
- … Mivart ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 11 January [1872] ). A worsening breach The …
- … beautiful’ ( letter from A. R. Wallace, 3 March 1872 ). I consider that you have …
- … Darwin ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 5 January 1872 ). Piqued, Mivart flung back by return of post …
- … errors’ ( letter from St G. J. Mivart, 6 January 1872 ). Darwin likened the affair to the …
- … towards me’ ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 8 January [1872] ). Despite Darwin’s request that he …
- … world’ ( letter from St G. J. Mivart, 10 January 1872 ). Darwin, determined to have the last …
- … acknowledge it ( letter to St G. J. Mivart, 11 January [1872] ). 'I hate controversy,’ Darwin …
- … I do it badly’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 3 August [1872] ). Darwin's theories under …
- … the world moves!’ ( letter from Mary Treat, 13 December 1872 ). 'Here is a bee' …
- … it at least in part ( letter to August Weismann, 5 April 1872 ). ‘I wanted some encouragement’, he …
- … to believe it’ ( letter to Herman Müller, [before 5 May 1872] ). Müller had sent him a …
- … of natural and sexual selection to bees (H. Müller 1872), and with his reply Darwin enclosed an …
- … standing’ ( letter to Hermann Müller, [before 5 May 1872] ). Finishing Expression …
- … doing nothing’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 22 October [1872] ). He was far from idle during their …
- … to be more erect’ ( letter to Briton Riviere, 19 May [1872] ). Riviere had been suggested to …
- … clever book’ ( letter to J. M. Herbert, 21 November 1872 ) and invited Butler to dinner the …
- … from Samuel Butler to Francis Darwin, [before 30 May 1872] , and letter from Samuel Butler, 30 …
- … feels no doubts’ ( letter to F. C. Donders, 17 June 1872 ). Right up to the beginning of June, …
- … Buckley Litchfield ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 13 May 1872 ). Delivery to the press brought only …
- … myself’ ( letter to H. E. Litchfield, 25 July 1872 ). A battle for the independence of …
- … partisan reply ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 14 May 1872 ). On 13 June, a messenger arrived in …
- … to letter from John Lubbock to W. E. Gladstone, 20 June 1872 ). Darwin was quietly using his …
- … an old honest Tory’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 July [1872] ). Darwin and Wallace: …
- … Wallace’s defence ( letter to Nature , 3 August [1872] ). Although the two men were …

Diagrams and drawings in letters
Summary
Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…

New features for Charles Darwin's 208th birthday
Summary
The website has been updated with an interactive timeline (try it!) and enhanced secondary school resources for ages 11-14. What's more, the full texts of the letters for 1872 are now online for the first time, and a selection of Darwin's…

Darwin’s queries on expression
Summary
When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…
Referencing women’s work
Summary
Darwin's correspondence shows that women made significant contributions to Darwin's work, but whether and how they were acknowledged in print involved complex considerations of social standing, professional standing, and personal preference.…
Matches: 7 hits
- … Letter 8321 - Darwin to Litchfield, H. E., [13 May 1872] Darwin consults his …
- … Letter 7345 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [15 June 1872] Darwin’s niece, Lucy, reports …
- … Letter 8427 - Darwin to Litchfield H. E., [25 July 1872] Darwin thanks Henrietta for …
- … 8168 - Ruck, A. R. to Darwin, H., [20 January 1872] Amy Ruck reports the results …
- … 8193 - Ruck, A. R. to Darwin, H., [1 February 1872] Amy Ruck sends a second …
- … Letter 8224 - Darwin to Ruck, A. R., [24 February 1872] Darwin asks his …
- … Letter 7345 - Wedgwood, L. C. to Darwin, [15 June 1872] Darwin’s niece, Lucy, reports …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 9 hits
- … Letter 8676 - Treat, M. to Darwin, [13 December 1872] Mary Treat details her …
- … Letter 8683 - Roberts, D. to Darwin, [17 December 1872] Dora Roberts reports an …
- … 8144 - Darwin to Wedgwood, L. C., [5 January 1872] Darwin asks his niece, Lucy, …
- … 8168 - Ruck, A. R . to Darwin, H., [20 January 1872] Amy Ruck reports the results …
- … Letter 8224 - Darwin to Ruck, A. R., [24 February 1872] Darwin asks his …
- … Letter 8169 - Wedgwood, L. to Darwin, [20 January, 1872] Darwin’s niece, Lucy, gives the …
- … 8427 - Darwin to Litc hfield, H. E., [25 July 1872] Darwin thanks Henrietta for …
- … 8153 - Darwin to Darwin, W. E., [9 January 1872] Darwin thanks his son William …
- … Letter 8676 - Treat, M. to Darwin, [13 December 1872] Mary Treat details her …

Capturing Darwin’s voice: audio of selected letters
Summary
On a sunny Wednesday in June 2011 in a makeshift recording studio somewhere in Cambridge, we were very pleased to welcome Terry Molloy back to the Darwin Correspondence Project for a special recording session. Terry, known for his portrayal of Davros in Dr…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Lydia Becker, 2 August 1863 ; to Mary Treat, 5 January 1872 ). Click on the play …

Language: key letters
Summary
How and why language evolved bears on larger questions about the evolution of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the development of human speech from animal sounds in The Descent of Man (1871),…

Survival of the fittest: the trouble with terminology Part II
Summary
The most forceful and persistent critic of the term ‘natural selection’ was the co-discoverer of the process itself, Alfred Russel Wallace. Wallace seized on Herbert Spencer’s term ‘survival of the fittest’, explicitly introduced as an alternative way of…
Matches: 1 hits
- … the fittest’ as ‘survival of the better’ (see Spencer 1872, and the letter to Herbert Spencer, 10 …
Women as a scientific audience
Summary
Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…
Darwin as mentor
Summary
Darwin provided advice, encouragement and praise to his fellow scientific 'labourers' of both sexes. Selected letters Letter 2234 - Darwin to Unidentified, [5 March 1858] Darwin advises that Professor C. P. Smyth’s observations are not…

Have you read the one about....
Summary
... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.
Matches: 1 hits
- … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …
4.13 'Fun' cartoon by Griset, 'Emotional'
Summary
< Back to Introduction Ernest Griset’s drawing titled ‘Emotional!’ was published in Fun magazine on 23 November 1872, and is another skit referring to Darwin’s recently published Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. A hippopotamus had been…

Thomas Rivers
Summary
Rivers and Darwin exchanged around 30 letters, most in 1863 when Darwin was hard at work on the manuscript of Variation of plants and animals under domestication, the lengthy and detailed sequel to Origin of species. Rivers, an experienced plant breeder…
Matches: 1 hits
- … for the prosperity I have long enjoyed” ( 29 March 1872 ). …
4.5 William Beard, comic painting
Summary
< Back to Introduction In June 1872, Darwin’s friend Asa Gray, the Harvard Professor of Botany, sent him a print or photograph of a comic painting by the American artist William Holbrook Beard. Titled The Youthful Darwin Expounding His Theories, it…
Matches: 3 hits

Climbing Plants
Summary
Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment A monograph by which to work After the publication of On the Origin of Species, Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, The Descent of Man, and The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals in…

Earthworms
Summary
As with many of Darwin’s research topics, his interest in worms spanned nearly his entire working life. Some of his earliest correspondence about earthworms was written and received in the 1830s, shortly after his return from his Beagle voyage, and his…

Darwin in letters, 1874: A turbulent year
Summary
The year 1874 was one of consolidation, reflection, and turmoil for Darwin. He spent the early months working on second editions of Coral reefs and Descent of man; the rest of the year was mostly devoted to further research on insectivorous plants. A…
Matches: 3 hits
3.16 Oscar Rejlander, photos
Summary
< Back to Introduction Darwin’s plans for the illustration of his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) led him to the Swedish-born painter and photographer, Oscar Gustaf Rejlander. Rejlander gave Darwin the notes that he had…
Matches: 4 hits
- … book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) led him to the Swedish-born …
- … him in May, August and October 1871, and in March and August 1872, but some of these payments, and …
- … April 1871, and reproduced in the London Journal in June 1872. Darwin also sent it to various …
- … one of Huxley, in The London Journal , 55:1426 (8 June 1872), p. 357, illustrating an article …
4.20 Frederick Waddy, caricature
Summary
< Back to Introduction A series of portrait caricatures drawn by Frederick Waddy appeared in the journal Once a Week through 1872. It clearly emulated the more famous series in Vanity Fair, and indeed, Waddy’s drawing of Darwin has the same title or…