To J. G. Fenwick 19 March 1876
Summary
"The longer I live the more I come to believe in inheritance. I have some ""orderlings"" in my own composition, and I wish I had transmitted more of it to my own offspring."
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | John George Fenwick |
Date: | 19 Mar 1876 |
Classmark: | University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Rare and Special Books Collection of the University Libraries |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10420 |
To W. D. Fox 26 May [1876]
Summary
Caroline [Wedgwood] has been ill for the last 20 months.
James Paget to be consulted about William Darwin’s brain concussion.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | William Darwin Fox |
Date: | 26 May [1876] |
Classmark: | University of British Columbia Library, Rare Books and Special Collections (Pearce/Darwin Fox collection RBSC-ARC-1721-1-11) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10515 |
To C. F. Claus 9 July 1876
Summary
Thanks for copy of Claus’s book, Untersuchungen zur Erforschung der genealogischen Grundlage des Crustaceen-Systems: ein Beitrag zur Descendenzlehre (Studies on the investigation of the genealogical foundation of the Crustacea: a contribution to the theory of descent; Claus 1876).
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Carl Friedrich Claus |
Date: | 9 July 1876 |
Classmark: | Christie’s, London (dealers) (1 December 2016) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10559F |
To August Weismann [17 June 1876 or later]
Summary
Comments on Weismann’s remarks on the possibility of sexual selection in the genus Daphnia.
A. R. Wallace has published paper giving up sexual selection [Review of St George Jackson Mivart’s Lessons from nature, as manifested in mind and matter.] in Academy, 10 and 17 June 1876, pp. 587–8.]
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Leopold Friedrich August (August) Weismann |
Date: | [17 June 1876 or later] |
Classmark: | DAR 148: 346 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10335 |
To Asa Gray 27 November 1876
Summary
Thanks for a correction. Hopes AG now has all the sheets of Cross and self-fertilisation.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 27 Nov 1876 |
Classmark: | Archives of the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (114) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10688 |
To G. H. Darwin 2 June [1876]
Summary
Further comments on GHD’s work on the influence of geological changes on the earth’s axis.
Frank [Francis Darwin] has made a fine zoological discovery.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | George Howard Darwin |
Date: | 2 June [1876] |
Classmark: | DAR 210.1: 54 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10528 |
To George Bentham 8 December 1876
Summary
Asks GB to send him flowers of the two forms of Boronia pinnata, as he is republishing his papers on dimorphic plants [Forms of flowers].
Sends copy of Cross and self-fertilisation.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | George Bentham |
Date: | 8 Dec 1876 |
Classmark: | Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (GEB/1/3: Correspondence, Vol. 3, Daintree–Dyer, (1830–1884) 717) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10706 |
From George Henslow [c. 7 December 1876]
Summary
Considers some flowers especially adapted for self-fertilisation, and believes all flowers are self-fertilising under some conditions. Gives examples of plants in which he believes all flowers are cleistogamous. Believes self-fertilisation is the primordial condition of flowering plants.
Author: | George Henslow |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | [c. 7 Dec 1876] |
Classmark: | DAR 166: 149 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-8204 |
From Ernst Haeckel 30 December 1876
Summary
Describes new journal, Kosmos, to be edited by Ernst Krause. Asks CD to lend his name to journal.
Has sent Anthropogenie, 3d ed.
Will send his study [Biologische Studien, pt 2: Studien zur Gastraea-theorie (1877)] in January.
Thanks CD for hospitality at Down.
Author: | Ernst Philipp August (Ernst) Haeckel |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 30 Dec 1876 |
Classmark: | DAR 166: 69 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10738 |
To James Orton 19 June 1876
Summary
Obliged for the new edition of The Andes.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | James Orton |
Date: | 19 June 1876 |
Classmark: | Raab Collection (dealer) (November 2014) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10539F |
Matches: 1 hit
- … vol. 17, letter from James Orton, 4 January 1869 and n. 11, and Correspondence vol. 18, …
From Lawson Tait 21 February 1876
Summary
RLT to review 2d ed. of Variation and write an article on Pangenesis.
Discussion of "Survival of the Fittest".
Author: | Robert Lawson (Lawson) Tait |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 21 Feb 1876 |
Classmark: | DAR 178: 28–9 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10405 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1869. Spencer, Herbert. 1864–7. The principles of …
To William Bowman 1 June [1876]
Summary
Regrets he cannot hear lecture by F. C. Donders.
Hopes to see WB before he returns home.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | William Bowman, 1st baronet |
Date: | 1 June [1876] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10521 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … 224–8). CD and Donders had corresponded since 1869; in 1872, Donders had helped CD with …
From Lawson Tait 8 August 1876
Summary
Proposes to work on the origin of diseases; is going to study syphilis.
Author: | Robert Lawson (Lawson) Tait |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 8 Aug 1876 |
Classmark: | DAR 178: 35 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10574 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … and arguments for Darwin , Dallas trans. 1869) had focused on aspects of morphology and …
To John Scott 1 July 1876
Summary
CD has read the two reports on culture of poppies with interest and has planted seeds.
Suggests an experiment for evidence on whether plants, thought merely varieties, are like species and fail to intercross, despite insect pollination.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | John Scott |
Date: | 1 July 1876 |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10555 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … self-fertilised (see Correspondence vol. 17, letter to Fritz Müller, 1 December [1869] ). …
From Hermann Müller 4 October 1876
Summary
He has never observed the straight line flight routes in male humble-bees that CD reports.
His last letter was in error: alpine Bombus terrestris does break into some flowers.
Author: | Heinrich Ludwig Hermann (Hermann) Müller |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 4 Oct 1876 |
Classmark: | DAR 171: 307 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10631 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Darwin ( Fritz Müller 1864, Dallas trans. 1869; see Correspondence vol. 23, letter from …
To Asa Gray 4 December 1876
Summary
Plans to republish his paper on dimorphism with additions [Forms of flowers]. Is convinced it is necessary to compare pollen-grains and the state of the stigma to recognise dimorphic plants. Requests specific plants to test for dimorphism and would welcome examples from any family in which he has not encountered dimorphic species.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 4 Dec 1876 |
Classmark: | Archives of the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (115) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10697 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … of the Linnean Society of London ( Botany ) 10 (1869): 393–437. Lindley, John. 1853. The …
From S. L. Lovén [14 January 1876]
Summary
Has sent his paper on Echinoidea [see 10373] as a token of his veneration. He tried to address the confusion in knowledge about the different parts of the exoskeleton of the Echinodermata by tracing certain relations of homology not previously noticed. Much more work is required.
Author: | Sven Ludvig (Sven) Lovén |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | [14 Jan 1876] |
Classmark: | Centrum för vetenskapshistoria, Kungl. Vetenskapsakademien (Sven Lovéns arkiv, Utgående brev, vol. B1:5, nr 26, s 331-333) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10357A |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Royal Academy of Sciences of Sweden on 12 May 1869 and 14 June 1871, but published only in …
From Wilhelm Breitenbach 11 September 1876
Summary
His research on Orchis maculata.
Discusses effect of disuse of anthers in Salvia officinalis.
Pleased CD can use his observations on Primula elatior.
Author: | Wilhelm Breitenbach |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 11 Sept 1876 |
Classmark: | DAR 160: 292 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10595 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Linnean Society of London ( Botany ) 10 (1869): 393–437. Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste-Pierre- …
To George Henslow 23 October [1876]
Summary
Floral structure. The order of the development of the whorls and its relationship to a protandrous or protogynous condition in flowers.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | George Henslow |
Date: | 23 Oct [1876] |
Classmark: | Darwin Library–CUL, Henslow 1888 (tipped in opposite p. 190) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10648 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Linnean Society of London ( Botany ) 10 (1869): 393–437. Origin 3d ed. : On the origin of …
From Wilhelm Breitenbach 26 July 1876
Summary
Observations on pollinia of Orchis maculata
and on Primula elatior. [On latter, see Forms of flowers, p. 34.]
Author: | Wilhelm Breitenbach |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 26 July 1876 |
Classmark: | DAR 111: B50–4; DAR 160: 290 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-10566 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … Read 19 March 1868. ] Journal of the Linnean Society ( Botany ) 10 (1869): 437–54. …
letter | (20) |
Breitenbach, Wilhelm | (2) |
Darwin, C. R. | (12) |
Haeckel, Ernst | (1) |
Henslow, George | (1) |
Lovén, Sven | (1) |
Müller, Hermann | (1) |
Tait, Lawson | (2) |
Darwin, C. R. | (8) |
Gray, Asa | (2) |
Bentham, George | (1) |
Bowman, William | (1) |
Claus, C. F. | (1) |
Darwin, C. R. | (20) |
Breitenbach, Wilhelm | (2) |
Gray, Asa | (2) |
Henslow, George | (2) |
Tait, Lawson | (2) |
Darwin in letters, 1869: Forward on all fronts
Summary
At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition of Origin. He may have resented the interruption to his work on sexual selection and human evolution, but he spent forty-six days on the task. Much of the…
Matches: 27 hits
- … At the start of 1869, Darwin was hard at work making changes and additions for a fifth edition …
- … that is something’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [22 January 1869] ). Much of the remainder of …
- … to be the case’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 January 1869 ). Hooker went straight to a crucial …
- … probable’ (see also letter to A. R. Wallace, 22 January [1869] , and letter from A. R. Wallace, …
- … in distribution’ ( letter to James Croll, 31 January [1869] ). Darwin had argued ( Origin , pp. …
- … formation’ ( letter to James Croll, 31 January [1869] ). Croll could not supply Darwin with an …
- … have got that yet’ ( letter from James Croll, 4 February 1869 ). Darwin did not directly …
- … towards [Thomson]’ ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 19 March [1869] ). Towards Descent …
- … ‘everlasting old Origin’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 1 June [1869] ), he was able to return to work on …
- … ( letter from Robert Elliot to George Cupples, 21 June 1869 ). Details on mating behaviour …
- … in the garden ( letter from Frederick Smith, 8 October 1869 ). Albert Günther, assistant in the …
- … varieties ( letter to W. B. Tegetmeier, 25 February [1869] ). The data contined to …
- … cocks & hens.—’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 13 November [1869] ). Yet completion of the work was …
- … for Descent . Researching emotion In 1869, Darwin still expected that Descent …
- … hatred—’ ( from Asa Gray and J. L. Gray, 8 and 9 May [1869] ). James Crichton-Browne and …
- … ( enclosure to letter from Henry Maudsley, 20 May 1869 ). Darwin had often complained of the …
- … in regard to Man’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 14 April 1869 ). More remarkable still were Wallace …
- … seem to you like some mental hallucination’ ( 18 April 1869 ). Since his marriage to Annie …
- … (Wallace 1869a; letter to A. R. Wallace, 22 March [1869] ), and scolded him for again being too …
- … demands justice’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 14 April 1869 ). Proceeding on all fronts …
- … South American cordillera ( letter to Charles Lyell, 20 May 1869 ), and fossil discoveries in …
- … investigated in depth ( letter from C. F. Claus, 6 February 1869 ). In a letter to the Gardeners …
- … of the soil ( letter to Gardeners’ Chronicle , 9 May [1869] ). In March, Darwin received …
- … in the early 1860s ( letter to W. C. Tait, 12 and 16 March 1869 ). This research contributed to …
- … editions ( see letter from Victor Masson, 29 September 1869 ). The work had been undertaken, like …
- … Animals”’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 19 November [1869] ). Angered by these proceedings, Darwin …
- … of Fritz Müller’s Für Darwin (Dallas trans. 1869). The book, an explication of Darwinian …
Darwin’s queries on expression
Summary
When Darwin resumed systematic research on emotions around 1866, he began to collect observations more widely and composed a list of queries on human expression. A number of handwritten copies were sent out in 1867 (see, for example, letter to Fritz Muller…
Matches: 11 hits
- … Crichton-Browne, James 20 May 1869 32 Queen Anne St. …
- … Crichton-Browne, James 19 May 1869 West Riding …
- … Gray, Asa 9 May [1869] [Alexandria, Egypt] …
- … Gray, Jane 9 May [1869] [Alexandria, Egypt] …
- … Gray, Asa 8 & 9 May 1869 Florence, Italy (about …
- … King, P.G. 25 Feb 1869 Sydney, Australia …
- … Maudsley, Henry 20 May 1869 32 Queen Anne St. …
- … Reade, Winwood W. 17 Jan 1869 Sierra Leone, Africa …
- … Reade, Winwood W. 28 June [1869] Sierra Leone, …
- … Reade, Winwood W. 26 Dec 1869 Sierra Leone, Africa …
- … Scott, John 2 July 1869 Royal Botanic Gardens, …
A beginning, & that is something: To J. D. Hooker, [22 January 1869]
Summary
Alison Pearn talks about a letter Darwin wrote to his friend Joseph Dalton Hooker after finishing corrections to the fifth edition of Origin of Species in 1869.
Matches: 1 hits
- … corrections to the fifth edition of Origin of Species in 1869. …
Perfect copper-plate hand: From Adolf Reuter, 30 May 1869
Summary
My favourite correspondent was chosen not because he is a brilliant conversationalist or a significant scientific thinker – but after a decade of reading a series of challenging hand writings, my favourite is the one who wrote in a perfect copper-plate…
Matches: 1 hits
- … My favourite correspondent was chosen not because he is a brilliant conversationalist or a …
Cross and self fertilisation
Summary
The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, published on 10 November 1876, was the result of a decade-long project to provide evidence for Darwin’s belief that ‘‘Nature thus tells us, in the most emphatic manner, that she abhors…
Matches: 5 hits
- … of self-fertility over subsequent generations. In June 1869, Müller remarked, on receiving a new …
- … sometimes depends’ ( From Fritz Müller, 15 June 1869 ). By May 1870, Darwin reported that he was …
- … Müller ( To Fritz Müller, 28 November 1868 ). In March 1869, Müller reported results of …
- … pod were mutually sterile ( From Fritz Müller, 14 March 1869 ). ‘The case of the Abutilon sterile …
- … of this plant sent by Müller ( To Fritz Müller, 18 July [1869] ). Darwin sent specimens of plants …
Women’s scientific participation
Summary
Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…
Matches: 4 hits
- … Letter 6736 - Gray, A. & J. L to Darwin, [8 & 9 May 1869] Jane Loring Gray, …
- … Williams , M. S. to Darwin, H. E., [after 14 October 1869] Darwin’s niece, Margaret, …
- … Letter 6815 - Scott, J. to Darwin, [2 July 1869] John Scott responds to Darwin’s …
- … - Darwin to Gunther, A. C. L. G., [21 September 1869] Darwin asks Gunther for “a great …
Diagrams and drawings in letters
Summary
Over 850 illustrations from the printed volumes of The Correspondence of Charles Darwin have been added to the online transcripts of the letters. The contents include maps, diagrams, drawings, sketches and photographs, covering geological, botanical,…
Matches: 1 hits
- … of Robinia rubra and Pirus malus , 23 September 1869 Alexander Agassiz's …
Jane Gray
Summary
Jane Loring Gray, the daughter of a Boston lawyer, married the Harvard botanist Asa Gray in 1848 and evidence suggests that she took an active interest in the scientific pursuits of her husband and his friends. Although she is only known to have…
Matches: 3 hits
Rewriting Origin - the later editions
Summary
For such an iconic work, the text of Origin was far from static. It was a living thing that Darwin continued to shape for the rest of his life, refining his ‘one long argument’ through a further five English editions. Many of his changes were made in…
Darwin’s hothouse and lists of hothouse plants
Summary
Darwin became increasingly involved in botanical experiments in the years after the publication of Origin. The building of a small hothouse - a heated greenhouse - early in 1863 greatly increased the range of plants that he could keep for scientific…
3.18 Elliott and Fry photos, c.1869-1871
Summary
< Back to Introduction The leading photographic firm of Elliott and Fry seems to have portrayed Darwin at Down House on several occasions. In November 1869 Darwin told A. B. Meyer, who wanted photographs of both him and Wallace for a German…
Matches: 9 hits
- … Darwin at Down House on several occasions. In November 1869 Darwin told A. B. Meyer, who wanted …
- … down here on purpose’. Payments to the firm on 25 July 1869 and 5 April 1870 in Darwin’s banking …
- … widely disseminated images of Darwin were taken in summer 1869, and which in summer 1871: the …
- … were dated by Darwin’s daughter Henrietta on the backs to 1869. By 1871-2 some of Elliott and Fry’s …
- … it ‘abt. 1870’, then crossed this date out in favour of 1869 – the date which John van Wyhe assigns …
- … some of the Elliott and Fry group as having been taken in 1869 and 1871, but dates others (still …
- … to this source. It is significant that none of these 1869–71 Elliott and Fry photographs were …
- … as belonging to groups of photographs taken in summer 1869 and summer 1871, possible also in 1874. …
- … letters from Darwin to A.B. Meyer, 27 November [1869], (DCP-LETT-7014), and to Wallace, 5 December …
Women as a scientific audience
Summary
Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…
Photograph album of Dutch admirers
Summary
Darwin received the photograph album for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from his scientific admirers in the Netherlands. He wrote to the Dutch zoologist Pieter Harting, An account of your countrymen’s generous sympathy in having sent me on my…
Matches: 1 hits
- … work on human expression. Donders visited Darwin in 1869 , and a year later Darwin consoled him …
Darwin in letters,1870: Human evolution
Summary
The year 1870 is aptly summarised by the brief entry Darwin made in his journal: ‘The whole of the year at work on the Descent of Man & Selection in relation to Sex’. Descent was the culmination of over three decades of observations and reflections on…
Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small
Summary
In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…
Matches: 5 hits
- … he attracted many admirers in German-speaking countries. In 1869, his birthday was celebrated by an …
- … vol. 17, letter from F. M. Malven, 12 February [1869] ). An extract from Darwin’s reply to Malven …
- … with his’ ( letter to F. M. Malven, [after 12 February 1869] ). Accompanying this extract was the …
- … some of whom drew substantially on his theory. In 1869, Hermann Müller (brother to Fritz) sent …
- … theory to flowers and flower-visiting insects; H. Müller 1869)). Darwin was full of admiration and …
Science: A Man’s World?
Summary
Discussion Questions|Letters Darwin's correspondence show that many nineteenth-century women participated in the world of science, be it as experimenters, observers, editors, critics, producers, or consumers. Despite this, much of the…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Letter 6976 - Darwin to Blackwell, A. B., [8 November 1869] Darwin thanks Antoinette …
3.12 Edwards, second group of photos
Summary
< Back to Introduction Despite the prior difficulties experienced by both photographer and sitter, it is evident that Ernest Edwards portrayed Darwin again in the late 1860s; but exactly when and in what circumstances is not known. There are strong…
Matches: 3 hits
Race, Civilization, and Progress
Summary
Darwin's first reflections on human progress were prompted by his experiences in the slave-owning colony of Brazil, and by his encounters with the Yahgan peoples of Tierra del Fuego. Harsh conditions, privation, poor climate, bondage and servitude,…
John Beddoe
Summary
In 1869, when gathering data on sexual selection in humans, Darwin exchanged a short series of letters with John Beddoe, a doctor in Bristol. He was looking for evidence that racial differences that appear to have no benefit in terms of survival - and…
Matches: 1 hits
- … In 1869 Darwin exchanged a short series of letters with a John Beddoe, a doctor in …
3.15 George Charles Wallich, photo
Summary
< Back to Introduction In the years around 1868–1871, when professional photographers competed for sittings with Darwin, a doctor called George Charles Wallich approached him with a similar request. Wallich was planning to publish a set of his own…