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To J. D. Hooker   12 March [1860]

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Summary

Lyell and CD would urge JDH to make his essays into a book, but see he has embarked on a huge project with G. Bentham [Genera plantarum, 3 vols. (1862–83)].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  12 Mar [1860]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 46
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2728

Matches: 3 hits

  • … he has embarked on a huge project with G. Bentham [ Genera plantarum , 3 vols. (1862–83)]. …
  • … history is more needed’. The first part of the first volume was issued in 1862 (Bentham …
  • … and Hooker 1862 –83). Hooker’s letter, in which he discussed Bentham’s reaction to …

From J. D. Hooker   [26 November – 4 December 1860]

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Summary

Encourages CD’s work in vegetable physiology.

Ascending the Lebanon JDH noted limits of plant distribution as CD requested: lower limits of a genus sharper than upper. Sharpness of boundaries related to a plant’s moisture requirement.

Impressed by "sporadic" distribution at the Jardin des Plantes in Paris.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [26 Nov – 4 Dec 1860]
Classmark:  DAR 100: 158–60
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3000

Matches: 3 hits

  • … cedars of Lebanon that was published in 1862 ( Hooker 1862b ). The proposal to publish a …
  • … 12 March [1860] ). The first part of the first volume was published in 1862 (Bentham …
  • … and Hooker 1862 –83). …

From W. H. Harvey to J. D. Hooker   23 November [1860]

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Summary

Has found some funny evidences of transmutation in Cliffortia. Sketches gradual passage "from very unlike to same" – e.g., from three-leafed form to two-leafed.

Author:  William Henry Harvey
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  23 Nov [1860]
Classmark:  DAR 47: 218–19
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2995

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Bibliography Harvey, William Henry. 1862. Notice of a collection of algae made on the …
  • … expedition to British Columbia ( Harvey 1862 ). Harvey’s study of the plants of the Cape …

To J. D. Hooker   5 June [1860]

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Summary

CD’s response to criticism of natural selection. Exasperated at not being understood. He tries to narrow the gap between himself and JDH.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  5 June [1860]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 60
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2821

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Botany) 6 (1862): 77–96, reprinted in Collected papers …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1862. Origin : On the origin of species by means …

To J. D. Hooker   26 [June 1860]

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Summary

Going for hydropathy. Too ill for Oxford BAAS meeting.

Pollination by minute insects.

CD proves his view regarding Goodenia stigmatic surfaces by dissection and following pollen-tubes up to grains.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  26 [June 1860]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 63
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2846

Matches: 1 hit

  • … and on the good effects of intercrossing. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1862. …

To J. D. Hooker   17 June [1860]

Summary

Has reread JDH’s paper ["On the functions of the rostellum of Listera ovata", Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 144 (1854): 259–64].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  17 June [1860]
Classmark:  DAR 261.10: 68 (EH 88206051)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1571

Matches: 1 hit

  • … and on the good effects of intercrossing. By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1862. …

To J. D. Hooker   6 September [1860]

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Summary

Thanks JDH for agreeing to observe coats of asses and mules in Middle East.

Asks for observations on vigour of plants as JDH ascends mountains.

Ad hominem article in Athenæum [review of John Tyndall, Glaciers of the Alps, 1 Sept 1860, pp. 280–2].

Reports extensive experiments on Drosera.

Observations on orchid anatomy.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  6 Sept [1860]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 74
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2908

Matches: 1 hit

  • … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1862. Origin : On the origin of species by means …

To J. D. Hooker   7 August [1860]

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Summary

Owen wants to be civil, and sneer behind CD’s back.

Those, like Rudolph Wagner, who want to go halfway on theory, are "booked to go further".

Anatomy of orchids.

Huxley says K. E. von Baer goes "a great way with me".

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  7 Aug [1860]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 72
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2892

Matches: 1 hit

  • … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1862. Origin : On the origin of species by means …

To J. D. Hooker   17 December [1860]

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Summary

Analysing results of last spring’s Primula experiments, CD infers pollen of short-styled plants "suits" long-styled plants.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  17 Dec [1860]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 81
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3024

Matches: 1 hit

  • … of the Linnean Society (Botany) 6 (1862): 77–96. CD had urged Hooker to compile his …

To J. D. Hooker   7 May [1860]

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Summary

To understand Leschenaultia pollination CD requires field observations in the native country.

Has observed two forms of cowslips, which he calls male and female. The same two forms are found in primroses.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  7 May [1860]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 52
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2785

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Botany) 6 (1862): 77–96 ( Collected papers 2: 45–63). …

From J. D. Hooker   [11 May – 3 December 1860]

Summary

CD’s divergent series explains those anomalous plants that hover between what would otherwise be two species in a genus.

Inclined to see conifers as a sub-series of dicotyledons that developed in parallel to monocotyledons, but retained cryptogamic characters.

Mentions H. C. Watson’s view of variations.

Man has destroyed more species than he has created varieties.

Variations are centrifugal because the chances are a million to one that identity of form once lost will return.

In the human race, we find no reversion "that would lead us to confound a man with his ancestors".

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [11 May – 3 Dec 1860]
Classmark:  DAR 205.5: 217 (Letters), DAR 47: 214
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3036

Matches: 1 hit

  • … from J.  D.  Hooker, [after 26 March 1862? ] . It appears here with new footnotes. Watson’ …

To J. D. Hooker   19 [July 1860]

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Summary

Asa Gray’s anonymous review.

"Intensely interested" in orchid homologies; like a "game of chess".

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  19 [July 1860]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 68
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2871

Matches: 1 hit

  • … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1862. Origin : On the origin of species by means …

To J. D. Hooker   15 [May 1860]

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Summary

Lyell, de facto, first to stress importance of geological changes for geographical distribution.

Asa Gray has given CD too much credit for theories of geographical distribution.

Reaction to hostile criticism

and debt to Lyell, Huxley, JDH, and W. B. Carpenter.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  15 [May 1860]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 56
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2802

Matches: 1 hit

  • … were not elected members until 1861 and 1862, respectively. CD considered Bate a ‘rising’ …

To J. D. Hooker   29 July [1860]

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Summary

Casual observations on Drosera.

Wants to know author of good review of Origin in London Review [& Wkly J. Polit. 1 (1860): 11–12, 32–3, 58–9].

Athenæum will reprint Gray’s discussion.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  29 July [1860]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 70
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2880

Matches: 1 hit

  • … By Charles Darwin. London: John Murray. 1862. Origin : On the origin of species by means …
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Darwin in letters, 1862: A multiplicity of experiments

Summary

1862 was a particularly productive year for Darwin. This was not only the case in his published output (two botanical papers and a book on the pollination mechanisms of orchids), but more particularly in the extent and breadth of the botanical experiments…

Matches: 28 hits

  • … As the sheer volume of his correspondence indicates, 1862 was a particularly productive year for …
  • … be so’ ( letter from J. D. Hooker, [15 and] 20 November [1862] ). I have not the least …
  • … him from this view ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 14 [January 1862] ): 'no doubt you are right …
  • … Huxley replied ( letter from T. H. Huxley, 20 January 1862 ): 'I entertain no doubt that …
  • … but continued ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 18 December [1862] ): 'you say the answer to …
  • … but complained ( letter to T. H. Huxley, 28 December [1862] ): 'To get the degree of …
  • … him the commission ( see letter to John Scott, 11 December [1862] ). Darwin was altogether taken …
  • … is no common man’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 [December 1862] ). Two sexual forms: …
  • … with his study of  Primula  and escalated throughout 1862 as he searched for other cases of …
  • … 1861, and was published in the society’s journal in March 1862. The paper described the two …
  • … in almost daily’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 22 January [1862] ). In a postscript, he mentioned his work …
  • … telling Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 7 March [1862] ): ‘I am nearly sure that daylight is …
  • … great’, he told Gray ( letter to Asa Gray, 10–20 June [1862] ), ‘I have lately counted one by one …
  • …  labour over them’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 14 [October 1862] ; see ML 2: 292–3). Other …
  • … of dimorphism’ ( letter to Daniel Oliver, 12 [April 1862] ), and experimenting to test his …
  • … sets of experiments’ ( letter to M. T. Masters, 24 July [1862] ). The materials that Darwin …
  • …  case he determined to experiment on  Linum  in 1862. Soon he was enthralled, especially by the …
  • … be generically distinct’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 14 July [1862] ). The case was so good that he …
  • … Linum  ‘at once’ ( letter to John Scott, 11 December [1862] ), writing up his experiments in …
  • … complex case—’ ( letter to Daniel Oliver, 29 [July 1862] ). The three forms had different lengths …
  • … who exclaimed to Gray ( letter to Asa Gray, 9 August [1862] ), ‘I am almost stark staring mad over …
  • … the Linnean Society ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 6 October [1862] ). However, it was not until 1864 …
  • … pleasure to ride’ ( letter to Asa Gray, 22 January [1862] ). But he worried about the resulting …
  • … the Book will sell’ ( letter to John Murray, 9 [February 1862] ). To his son, William, his …
  • … every  flower’ ( letter to Daniel Oliver, 8 June [1862] ). I never before felt half so …
  • … he told Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 15 [May 1862] ). But he did not have long to wait. ‘It is …
  • … it ‘most valuable’ (letter from George Bentham, 15 May 1862).  Orchids  was published on 15 May, …
  • … all, ‘a success’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 30 [June 1862] ). a flank-movement on the …

Origin: the lost changes for the second German edition

Summary

Darwin sent a list of changes made uniquely to the second German edition of Origin to its translator, Heinrich Georg Bronn.  That lost list is recreated here.

Matches: 5 hits

  • … In March 1862, Heinrich Georg Bronn wrote to Darwin stating his intention to prepare a …
  • … edition (see letter from H. G. Bronn, [before 11 March 1862] ). Since the publication of the …
  • … of importance’ (see letter to H. G. Bronn, 11 March [1862] ). Darwin had sent Bronn some of these …
  • … in the new edition; in his letter to Bronn of 25 April [1862 ], he mentioned that he was sending …
  • … from E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 11 July 1862 ). (No American edition incorporating …

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 8 hits

  • … in the mud. BEGINNING OF WAR IN AMERICA: 1861-1862 In which the start of the American …
  • … cause. Tension.   THE DARWIN BOYS: 1862 In which Darwin reports one …
  • … 1856 33  C DARWIN TO JD HOOKER, 14 MARCH 1862 34  JD HOOKER TO C DARWIN, …
  • … 1861 115 A GRAY TO CHARLES WRIGHT, 17 APRIL 1862 116 A GRAY TO RW CHURCH 7 MAY …
  • … 10 JUNE 1861 121  A GRAY TO C DARWIN, 31 MARCH 1862 122  JD HOOKER TO C …
  • … 16 DEC 1861 124 A GRAY TO ENGELMANN, 20 FEB 1862 125  A GRAY TO C DARWIN, 31 …
  • … 7 JULY 1863 152 C DARWIN TO JD HOOKER, DECEMBER 1862 153  JD HOOKER TO C …
  • … 1861 163  C Darwin TO A Gray, 16 OCTOBER 1862 164  C Darwin TO ASA GRAY, …

Darwin’s hothouse and lists of hothouse plants

Summary

Darwin became increasingly involved in botanical experiments in the years after the publication of Origin. The building of a small hothouse - a heated greenhouse - early in 1863  greatly increased the range of plants that he could keep for scientific…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … Towards the end of 1862, Darwin resolved to build a small hothouse at Down House, for …
  • …  vol. 10, letter to J. D. Hooker, 24 December [1862] , and volume 10, letter to Thomas Rivers, …
  • … a construction suitable for tropical plants. In 1861 and 1862, while preparing  Orchids , he was …
  • …  vol. 10, letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 [December 1862] and n. 13). Initially, Darwin purchased for …
  • … over the previous two years. In a letter of 24 December [1862] ( Correspondence  vol. 10) …
  • … Kent ( Post Office directory of the six home counties  1862). 3.  Asclepias curassavica. …

I beg a million pardons: To John Lubbock, [3 September 1862]

Summary

  Alison Pearn looks at a letter Darwin wrote to his neighbour and friend, John Lubbock, after making a mistake in his research on bees in 1862.

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Lubbock, after making a mistake in his research on bees in 1862. …

Evolution: Selected Letters of Charles Darwin 1860-1870

Summary

This selection of Charles Darwin’s letters includes correspondence with his friends and scientific colleagues around the world; letters by the critics who tried to stamp out his ideas, and by admirers who helped them to spread. It takes up the story of…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … towards your doctrines … Huxley to Darwin, 1862. I cannot bear the thought …
  • … … Darwin to Asa Gray, in Boston, Mass., 1862. I have been greatly …

Clémence Auguste Royer

Summary

Getting Origin translated into French was harder than Darwin had expected. The first translator he approached, Madame Belloc, turned him down on the grounds that the content was ‘too scientific‘, and then in 1860 the French political exile  Pierre…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … her translation of Origin. First published in 1862, Royer’s translation of …
  • … “I received 2 or 3 days ago”, he told Asa Gray in 1862 , “a French Translation of the Origin by a …
  • … criticisms of her work always made reference to her sex. In 1862, Edouard Claparede wrote to …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … Letter 3787 - Darwin, H. E. to Darwin, [29 October 1862] Henrietta Darwin provides …
  • … Letter 3634 - Darwin to Gray, A., [1 July 1862] Darwin tells American naturalist Asa …
  • … 3681  - Wedgwood, M. S. to Darwin, [before 4 August 1862] Darwin’s niece, Margaret, …
  • … lady”. Darwin, E. to Darwin, W. E. , (March, 1862 - DAR 219.1:49) Emma Darwin …
  • …  - Darwin to Wedgwood, K. E. S, M. S. & L. C., [4 August 1862] Darwin thanks his “angel …

Floral Dimorphism

Summary

Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Floral studies In 1877 Darwin published a book that included a series of smaller studies on botanical subjects. Titled The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, it consisted primarily of…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Letter 3468 - Darwin to JD Hooker, 7 March 1862 Darwin wishes he could sympathize with Asa …
  • … Letter 3515 - Daniel Oliver to Darwin, 23 April 1862 Daniel Oliver, an assistant under …
  • … Letter 3757 - Joseph Dalton Hooker to Darwin, 12 October 1862 J. D. Hooker writes to …

Darwin & Glen Roy

Summary

Although Darwin was best known for his geological work in South America and other remote Beagle destinations, he made one noteworthy attempt to explain a puzzling feature of British geology.  In 1838, two years after returning from the voyage, he travelled…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … 1 October [1861] To Charles Lyell, 1 April [1862] To Charles Lyell, 14 October …

Have you read the one about....

Summary

... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some serious - but all letters you can read here.

Matches: 1 hits

  • … ... the atheistical cats, or the old fogies in Cambridge? We've suggested a few - some funny, some …

Orchids

Summary

Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment A project to follow On the Origin of Species Darwin began to observe English orchids and collect specimens from abroad in the years immediately following the publication of On the Origin of Species. Examining…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … SOURCES Books Darwin, Charles 1862. On the various contrivances by which …
  • … 3421 —Charles Darwin to Joseph Dalton Hooker 30 January 1862 Darwin tells Hooker about a …
  • … Letter 3662 —Charles Darwin to Asa Gray 23-4 July 1862 Darwin tells Asa Gray, a professor …
  • … Darwin’s work with orchids and Chapter 1 of Darwin’s 1862 book On the various …

Forms of flowers

Summary

Darwin’s book The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, published in 1877, investigated the structural differences in the sexual organs of flowers of the same species. It drew on and expanded five articles Darwin had published on the…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … briefly mentioned in his Primula paper. In July 1862, Darwin explained to Gray, ‘ I have …
  • … of the genus Linum ’, between 11 and 21 December 1862. The paper was read at a meeting of the …
  • … to Lythrum , a genus that he had begun researching in 1862 after Hooker had supplied him with …
  • … of Lythrum he had been working on since late July 1862. He told Oliver that, ‘ as each form has …
  • … of the crossing experiments immediately, but by October 1862, he admitted to Hooker, ‘ I am rather …
  • … 117: 50). Darwin released William from counting in November 1862, telling him, ‘ Next year I shall …

Dining at Down House

Summary

Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Dining, Digestion, and Darwin's Domestic Life While Darwin is best remembered for his scientific accomplishments, he greatly valued and was strongly influenced by his domestic life. Darwin's…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 3626 —Emma Darwin to T. G. Appleton, 28 June [1862] Here Emma writes on her husband’s …
  • … Letter 3597 —Darwin to Joseph Dalton Hooker, 11 June [1862] Among bits of family news and …

Darwin in letters, 1865: Delays and disappointments

Summary

The year was marked by three deaths of personal significance to Darwin: Hugh Falconer, a friend and supporter; Robert FitzRoy, captain of the Beagle; and William Jackson Hooker, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and father of Darwin’s friend…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … on  Verbascum.  Darwin had suggested to Scott in 1862, when Scott was working at the Royal Botanic …
  • … vol. 10, letter to John Scott, 19 November [1862] ). Darwin had already written to Hooker of …
  • … disturbing the serenity of the Christian world’ (Brewster 1862, p. 3). John Hutton Balfour, though …
  • …  vol. 10, letter from J. H. Balfour, 14 January 1862 ). According to Hooker, Balfour’s prejudice …

Darwin on race and gender

Summary

Darwin’s views on race and gender are intertwined, and mingled also with those of class. In Descent of man, he tried to explain the origin of human races, and many of the differences between the sexes, with a single theory: sexual selection. Sexual…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … [1859] Letter to Charles Kingsley, 6 February [1862] Letter from F. W. Farrar, …

Darwin and Fatherhood

Summary

Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten children. It is often assumed that Darwin was an exceptional Victorian father. But how extraordinary was he? The Correspondence Project allows an unusually…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … all of their education in the home, although he noted in 1862 that his fifteen-year-old daughter …
  • … her own wish’ (Darwin to his son William,  30 [October 1862] ). Darwin frequently discussed the …

Species and varieties

Summary

On the origin of species by means of natural selection …so begins the title of Darwin’s most famous book, and the reader would rightly assume that such a thing as ‘species’ must therefore exist and be subject to description. But the title continues, …or…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … about whether sterility could be ‘selected’. In 1862, he told Hooker, ‘I am now strongly inclined to …
  • … species distinct’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 12 [December 1862] ). In 1866, Darwin compared the …

Women as a scientific audience

Summary

Target audience? | Female readership | Reading Variation Darwin's letters, in particular those exchanged with his editors and publisher, reveal a lot about his intended audience. Regardless of whether or not women were deliberately targeted as a…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … lady”. Darwin, E. to Darwin, W. E. , (March 1862 - DAR 219.1:49) Emma Darwin …

Sexual selection

Summary

Although natural selection could explain the differences between species, Darwin realised that (other than in the reproductive organs themselves) it could not explain the often marked differences between the males and females of the same species.  So what…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … the Lords' ( to J. D. Hooker, 25 [and 26] January [1862] ) In 1869, Darwin …
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