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From C. V. Naudin   18 June 1865

Summary

Thanks CD for his paper "Climbing plants" [see 4861] and for a photograph.

Hopes soon to send a copy of his memoir on hybridisation

and with it will forward a short note on the tendrils of the Cucurbitaceae.

Author:  Charles Victor Naudin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  18 June 1865
Classmark:  DAR 172: 8
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4863

Matches: 7 hits

  • … Cambridge University Press. 1985–. Guillard, Achille. 1857. Note sur les vrilles …
  • … des cucurbitacés. [Read 25 February 1857. ] Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 4: …
  • … Payer, in the Société Botanique from February to July 1857 on the origin of the tendril in …
  • … Bulletin de la Société Botanique 4 (1857): 109–111, 142–6, 322–4, 744–56, 787–8). CD …
  • … described as a modified leaf. During the 1857 discussions (see n.  5, above), Payer added …
  • … of the leaf in the Rosaceae ( Guillard 1857 , pp.  145–6). Naudin had attempted to show …
  • … and part branch’, referring to the 1857 discussions but not citing Naudin specifically. CD …

From J. D. Hooker   24 December 1865

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Summary

Oliver says H. E. Baillon found stamens on female flowers of Coelebogyne, but JDH and many botanists have never found any stamens.

Lyell wants to propose JDH for Copley Medal.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  24 Dec 1865
Classmark:  DAR 102: 51–2
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4955

Matches: 4 hits

  • … Bibliography Baillon, Ernest-Henri. 1857. De l’hermaphroditisme accidentel chez …
  • … les euphorbiacées. [Read 26 June 1857. ] Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 4: …
  • … Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin (1857): 311–76. Braun, Alexander Carl Heinrich. …
  • … anthers was in fact pollen grains ( Baillon 1857 , pp.  695–6). In 1829, Allan Cunningham …

From T. H. Huxley   1 May 1865

Summary

Sends Catalogue [of the collection of fossils in the Museum of Practical Geology (1865)], most of which was written in pre-Darwinian epoch [i.e., 1857].

Hears magnum opus [Variation] completely developed, though not yet born.

Author:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  1 May 1865
Classmark:  DAR 166: 306
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4824

Matches: 4 hits

  • … written in pre-Darwinian epoch [i.e. , 1857]. Hears magnum opus [ Variation ] completely …
  • … read the proof-sheets of the preface in 1857 (see Correspondence vol.  6, letter to T.   …
  • … H.  Huxley, 16 December [1857] , and letter to J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 25 December [1857] ). In the preface, Huxley argued that the fossil record did …

From J. D. Hooker   [23] December 1865

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Summary

No one believes in Karsten.

Surprised by CD’s observations that illegitimate crosses within a species produce hybrid-like offspring.

JDH’s scepticism of Scott’s observations.

On proposing James Hector vs Julius von Haast for Royal Society; on learned society honours.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [23] Dec 1865
Classmark:  DAR 102: 47–50
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4954

Matches: 4 hits

  • … of London]. 1805–1939. Radlkofer, Ludwig. 1857. On true parthenogenesis in plants. Annals …
  • … Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin (1857): 311–76. Correspondence : The correspondence …
  • … Bryonia (see Naudin 1856  and Radlkofer 1857 , pp.  250–1). Hooker had visited Naudin and …
  • … des Sciences Naturelles ( Botanique ) 7 (1857): 229–46. See letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 22  …

To T. H. Huxley   27 May [1865]

Summary

Thanks for Catalogue.

Has had a bad month. Somewhat improved as a result of John Chapman’s ice-bag cures.

Asks THH to read MS on his hypothesis Pangenesis. THH only man whose judgment on it would be final with him.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  27 May [1865]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 214)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4837

Matches: 4 hits

  • … read the proof-sheets of the preface in 1857 (see Correspondence vol.   6, letter to T.   …
  • … H.  Huxley, 16 December [1857] , and letter to J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 25 December [1857] ). According to Emma Darwin’s diary (DAR 242), John Chapman …
  • … to T.  H.  Huxley, [before 12 November 1857] . For a discussion of nineteenth-century …

To J. D. Hooker   4 May [1865]

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Summary

On FitzRoy’s life and character.

Carl von Siebold’s cases of males and females of gall insects [True parthenogenesis in moths and bees (1857)]. Each sex produced on different plants.

Haeckel’s astonishing case of propagation in a Medusa.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  4 May [1865]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 268a–b
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4827

Matches: 3 hits

  • … True parthenogenesis in moths and bees (1857)]. Each sex produced on different plants. …
  • … Davis. Siebold, Karl Theodor Ernst von. 1857. On a true parthenogenesis in moths and bees; …
  • … There is an annotated copy of Siebold 1857 ( On true parthenogenesis in moths and bees ) …

To J. D. Hooker   22 and 28 [October 1865]

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Summary

Thinks Royal Society’s failure to honour W. J. Hooker may be due to small number of botanists on Council.

Interest in H. J. Carter’s papers in Annals and Magazine of Natural History on lower organisms.

On Wallace; anthropology.

H. H. Travers’ paper on Chatham Islands [J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 9 (1865): 135–44].

W. C. Wells’s paper of 1813 ["Essay on dew", Two Essays (1818)] anticipates discovery of natural selection.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  22 and 28 Oct 1865
Classmark:  DAR 115: 277
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4921

Matches: 5 hits

  • … London: John Murray. Buckle, Henry Thomas. 1857–61. History of civilization in England. 2 …
  • … vol.  6, letter to J.  D. Hooker, 3 June [1857] ). CD’s annotated copy of Travers 1864 , …
  • … a German academy of naturalists) in 1857 (see Correspondence vol.  6, letter to J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 11 September [1857] ). CD’s informant was Charles Loring Brace , a nephew of …
  • … 1865  and n.  13). CD refers to Buckle 1857–61  and to Emma Darwin (see letter from J.   …

To Fritz Müller   20 September [1865]

Summary

Thanks for interesting letter on climbing plants.

FM’s view on Anelasma seems probable.

Difficulty quoted by FM from A. Agassiz on embryology of Echinodermata is quite beyond CD.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller
Date:  20 Sept [1865]
Classmark:  The British Library (Loan MS 10 no 2)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4895

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Bibliography Agassiz, Louis. 1857–62. Contributions to the natural history of the United …
  • … presentation copy of J.  L.  R.   Agassiz 1857–62 , vol.  1, is in the Darwin Library–CUL; …
  • … on classification’ (J.  L.  R.   Agassiz 1857–62 , vol.  1), in which Agassiz based his …

To George Henslow   [2–5 November 1865]

Summary

Reports the results of an experiment to compare the weight of seeds produced in plants of [Medicago sativa] by self-pollination and by insect pollination.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  George Henslow
Date:  [2–5 Nov 1865]
Classmark:  Journal of the Linnean Society (Botany) 9 (1867): 328 n.
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4929F

Matches: 1 hit

  • … and other leguminous plants, made between 1857 and 1859, are in DAR 157a: 33–8 and 45–8. …

From Benjamin Dann Walsh   1 March 1865

Summary

Sends his paper on "Willow-galls" [Proc. Entomol. Soc. Philadelphia 3 (1864): 543–644].

Lengthy criticism of Agassiz’s views on species as stated in his Essay on classification [1857].

Interested by CD’s trimorphism in Lythrum. Thinks some great mystery may lie in the fact that in some genera, some species are tri-, some di-, and some monomorphic, and in other genera, Apis, Vespa, Bombus, all the known species are dimorphic.

Author:  Benjamin Dann Walsh
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  1 Mar 1865
Classmark:  Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4778

Matches: 4 hits

  • … Bibliography Agassiz, Louis. 1857–62. Contributions to the natural history of the United …
  • … stated in his Essay on classification [1857]. Interested by CD’s trimorphism in Lythrum . …
  • … of the United States (J.  L.  R.   Agassiz 1857–62 ); there is an annotated copy in the …
  • … Essay on classification’ (J.  L.  R.   Agassiz 1857–62 , pp.  64–6), Agassiz discussed the …

From Asa Gray   24 July 1865

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Summary

Is reading CD’s "Climbing plants".

The Civil War is ended; slavery is dead.

Author:  Asa Gray
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  24 July 1865
Classmark:  DAR 165: 148
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4877

Matches: 3 hits

  • … CD specimens and seed of Adlumia cirrhosa in 1857. At the time, CD was interested in the …
  • … insects. See Correspondence vol.  6, letter from Asa Gray, [August 1857] , and letter to …
  • … Asa Gray, 29 November [1857] . CD’s observations on A.  cirrhosa as a leaf-climber are …

From J. D. Hooker   13 July 1865

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Summary

Studying moraines.

On Lubbock’s book [see 4860], and Lyell’s apology. Recapitulates whole affair.

W. E. H. Lecky [Rise of rationalism in Europe (1865)] and other reading.

Spencer’s observations are wrong on umbellifers, his reasoning partially right.

Natural History Review is all but defunct.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  13 July 1865
Classmark:  DAR 102: 30–3
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4873

Matches: 3 hits

  • … of Botany 55: 89–95. Buckle, Henry Thomas. 1857–61. History of civilization in England. 2 …
  • … History of civilisation in England ( Buckle 1857–61 ). Lecky claimed to have been greatly …
  • … read and admired the first volume of Buckle 1857–61  in 1858 (see Correspondence vol.  4, …

From J. D. Hooker   [3 November 1865]

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Summary

Kew affairs.

H. J. Carter’s observations are wonderful but want verification.

Skeptical of H. H. Travers’ observations.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [3 Nov 1865]
Classmark:  DAR 102: 43–6
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4330

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Bibliography Carter, Henry John. 1857. Transformation of the vegetable protoplasm into …
  • … protoplasm into Actinophrys’ ( Carter 1857 ). Alfred Russel Wallace began attending …

From A. R. Wallace   2 October 1865

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Summary

Information concerning improvements in the Reader under new sponsorship.

Current reading and work [on pigeons for Ibis 1 (1865): 365–400, and catalogue of his collection of birds].

Book of travels postponed indefinitely.

Author:  Alfred Russel Wallace
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  2 Oct 1865
Classmark:  DAR 106: B27–30
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4906

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Bibliography Buckle, Henry Thomas. 1857–61. History of civilization in England. 2 vols. …
  • … Asa Gray, 15 August [1865] . In Buckle 1857–61 , Henry Thomas Buckle described the advance …

To B. D. Walsh   27 March [1865]

Summary

Comments on BDW’s papers ["On certain entomological speculations of the New England school of naturalists", Proc. Entomol. Soc. Philadelphia 3 (1864): 207–49; "On insects inhabiting the galls of certain species of willow", ibid. 3 (1864): 543–644]; much is new to CD.

Asks about wide-ranging insect genera,

Rocky Mt. wingless insects,

willow hybrids,

galls,

and other subjects.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Benjamin Dann Walsh
Date:  27 Mar [1865]
Classmark:  Field Musuem of Natural History, Chicago (Walsh 3)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4797

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Bibliography Agassiz, Louis. 1857–62. Contributions to the natural history of the United …
  • … views expressed in J.  L.  R.   Agassiz 1857–62  and 1863 (see letter from B.  D.  Walsh, …

To J. D. Hooker   [29 July 1865]

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Summary

Was glad to read JDH’s article on glaciers of Yorkshire ["Moraines of the Tees Valley", Reader 6 (1865): 70].

Reader article [6 (1865): 61–2] about English and foreign men of science is unjust.

Lubbock is now lost to science.

B. Verlot’s pamphlet on variations of flowers [Sur la production et la fixation des variétés dans les plantes d’ornement (1865)] is very good.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  [29 July 1865]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 273
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4874

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Alfred A. Knopf. Buckle, Henry Thomas. 1857–61. History of civilization in England. 2 …
  • … Hooker, 13 July 1865  and n.  15). Buckle 1857–61 . See letter from J.   D.  Hooker, 13  …

From J. D. Hooker   6 October 1865

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Summary

On novels he has been reading: Eliot, Richardson, etc.

On Wallace, the Reader, and anthropology.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  6 Oct 1865
Classmark:  DAR 102: 37–42
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4910

Matches: 2 hits

  • … London: Michael Joseph. Buckle, Henry Thomas. 1857–61. History of civilization in England. …
  • … Wallace’s views on Lecky 1865  and Buckle 1857–61 , see the letter from A.  R.  Wallace, …

To J. D. Hooker   9 February [1865]

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Summary

Falconer’s death haunts him. Personal annihilation not so horrifying to him as sun cooling some day and human race ending.

His health has been wretched.

Masters has written his agreement with CD’s "Climbing plants".

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  9 Feb [1865]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 260
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4769

Matches: 2 hits

  • … had raised seedling Lathyrus nissolia in 1857 (see Correspondence vol.  6, letter to J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, 14 July [1857] ), and he examined flower specimens of the species in June  …

From J. D. Hooker   [after 17 June 1865]

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Summary

Recommends J. W. Kayes’ book [History of the Sepoy War, vol. 1 (1864)].

Wife improving.

Glad CD liked Huxley’s letter.

Not an admirer of Kingsley.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [after 17 June 1865]
Classmark:  DAR 102: 29
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4859

Matches: 1 hit

  • … 1864–76. A history of the Sepoy War in India 1857–1858. 3 vols. London: W. H. Allen & Co. …

To J. D. Hooker   17 April [1865]

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Summary

On Lubbock’s plans.

Visited by Antoine Auguste Laugel.

Guessed right on Bentham’s "Planchon".

Much struck by Thomson’s article on nomenclature [see 4812]; importance of this subject.

Sorry best scientists read so little; few read any long papers.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  17 Apr [1865]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 265
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4814

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Correspondence vol.  6, letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 1 August [1857] , and letter from J.   …
  • … D.  Hooker, [6 December 1857] , and Correspondence vol.  7, letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 11  …
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Six things Darwin never said – and one he did

Summary

Spot the fakes! Darwin is often quoted – and as often misquoted. Here are some sayings regularly attributed to Darwin that never flowed from his pen.

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Spot the fakes! Darwin is often quoted – and as often misquoted. Here are some sayings regularly …

Darwin in letters, 1856-1857: the 'Big Book'

Summary

In May 1856, Darwin began writing up his 'species sketch’ in earnest. During this period, his working life was completely dominated by the preparation of his 'Big Book', which was to be called Natural selection. Using letters are the main…

Matches: 11 hits

  • … of information about his preoccupations during 1856 and 1857. They reveal little noticed aspects of …
  • … as ever I can.’ ( letter to W. D. Fox, 8 February [1857] ). Darwin also attempted to test …
  • … the alpine plants pretty effectually’ complained Darwin in 1857 ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [2 May …
  • … of calculation was wrong ( letter to John Lubbock, 14 July [1857] ). Darwin thought his results …
  • … experiments on plants through the summers of 1856 and 1857, particularly with garden vegetables like …
  • … Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette  in October 1857, to be followed by a second notice in 1858. …
  • … find the work: am I not a kind Father?’ Darwin wrote in 1857, soon followed by the complaint ‘You …
  • … to end!’ (letters to W. E. Darwin, [17 February 1857] and 21 [July 1857] ). The problem of …
  • … of his manuscript ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 1 May 1857 ) seem innocuous and hardly the veiled …
  • … are all vividly displayed in Darwin's letters. By the end of 1857, Darwin was well on the way …
  • … long letter to Asa Gray ( letter to Asa Gray, 5 September [1857] ). From this letter it is evident …

Darwin and Down

Summary

Charles and Emma Darwin, with their first two children, settled at Down House in the village of Down (later ‘Downe’) in Kent, as a young family in 1842.   The house came with eighteen acres of land, and a fifteen acre meadow.  The village combined the…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … was in Darwin’s day.  To J. D. Hooker,  3 June [1857] :  on the struggle for existence in …

Language: key letters

Summary

How and why language evolved bears on larger questions about the evolution of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the development of human speech from animal sounds in The Descent of Man (1871),…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … 2070: Wedgwood, Hensleigh to Darwin, C. R., [before 29 Sept 1857] Darwin’s brother-in-law, …

Abstract of Darwin’s theory

Summary

There are two extant versions of the abstract of Darwin’s theory of natural selection. One was sent to Asa Gray on 5 September 1857, enclosed with a letter of the same date (see Correspondence vol. 6, letter to Asa Gray, 5 September [1857] and enclosure).…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … natural selection. One was sent to Asa Gray on 5 September 1857, enclosed with a letter of the same …
  • … to Prof. Asa Gray, Boston, U.S., dated Down, September 5th, 1857.” (Darwin and Wallace 1858, p. 50). …
  • … was sent to A. Gray 8 or 9 months ago, I think October 1857 [‘or perhaps’  del ]’. The printed …

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 4 hits

  • … the Origin of Species…’ FOUNDATIONS OF FAITH: 1857-1858 In which Gray and Hooker …
  • … JUNE 1855 20  C DARWIN TO A GRAY, 1 JANUARY 1857 21  A GRAY TO C DARWIN, …
  • … MARCH 1862 35  C DARWIN TO A GRAY, 1 JANUARY 1857 36  A GRAY TO C DARWIN …
  • … OCTOBER 1858 59 A GRAY TO JD HOOKER, 12 OCTOBER 1857 60 A GRAY TO JD HOOKER, …

The "wicked book": Origin at 157

Summary

Origin is 157 years old.  (Probably) the most famous book in science was published on 24 November 1859.  To celebrate we have uploaded hundreds of new images of letters, bringing the total number you can look at here to over 9000 representing more than…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … ’s appearance, but there is a fascinating scrap from 1857 comparing his views on species to …

Darwin’s study of the Cirripedia

Summary

Darwin’s work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed problems for historians. Coming between his transmutation notebooks and the Origin of species, it has frequently been interpreted as a digression from Darwin’s species work. Yet…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … a high compliment when he touched upon this matter in his 1857 lecture on cirripedes. In his praise …
  • … and not an anatomist ex professo .’ (T. H. Huxley 1857, p. 238 n.).    While Darwin’s …
  • … nos. 2118 and 2119, letter to T. H. Huxley, 5 July [1857] , and letter from T. H. Huxley, 7 …

What is an experiment?

Summary

Darwin is not usually regarded as an experimenter, but rather as an astute observer and a grand theorist. His early career seems to confirm this. He began with detailed note-taking, collecting and cataloguing on the Beagle, and edited a descriptive zoology…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … observation’ ( letter to A. R. Wallace, 22 December 1857 ). Much of his research and many …
  • … little experiments’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, [21 March 1857] ; letter to J. S. Henslow, 27 June …

Natural Selection: the trouble with terminology Part I

Summary

Darwin encountered problems with the term ‘natural selection’ even before Origin appeared.  Everyone from the Harvard botanist Asa Gray to his own publisher came up with objections. Broadly these divided into concerns either that its meaning simply wasn’t…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … written in 1842 , and, as he told Asa Gray in September 1857 , he intended to call the ‘ big …

Dates of composition of Darwin's manuscript on species

Summary

Many of the dates of letters in 1856 and 1857 were based on or confirmed by reference to Darwin’s manuscript on species (DAR 8--15.1, inclusive; transcribed and published as Natural selection). This manuscript, begun in May 1856, was nearly completed by…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … Many of the dates of letters in 1856 and 1857 were based on or confirmed by reference to Darwin’s …
  • … 4 26 January 1857 Variation under nature (DAR 9; …
  • … 5 3 March 1857 The struggle for existence as bearing on …
  • … 6 31 March 1857 On natural selection (DAR 10.2; …
  • … 7 29 September 1857 Laws of variation: varieties & …
  • … 8 29 September 1857 Difficulties on the theory of …
  • … 9 29 December 1857 Hybridism (DAR 12; Natural …

The evolution of honeycomb

Summary

Honeycombs are natural engineering marvels, using the least possible amount of wax to provide the greatest amount of storage space, with the greatest possible structural stability. Darwin recognised that explaining the evolution of the honey-bee’s comb…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … of other cells. (Letter from G. R. Waterhouse, 14 April 1857 .) In a later letter …

Darwin's bad days

Summary

Despite being a prolific worker who had many successes with his scientific theorising and experimenting, even Darwin had some bad days. These times when nothing appeared to be going right are well illustrated by the following quotations from his letters:

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Despite being a prolific worker who had many successes with his scientific theorising and …

Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small

Summary

In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … the Rock’ ( letter to E. W. V. Harcourt, 13 December [1857] ). In May 1857, Darwin wrote to …
  • … class with Lyell’ ( letter to William Sharpey, 22 May [1857] ). There are a few letters …

Scientific Networks

Summary

Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 2125 — Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 20 July [1857] Darwin writes a challenging letter …
  • … of the ephippium”, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 147 (1857): 79–100]. Darwin and Müller …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … 2055  - Langton, E. to Darwin,  F., [21 February 1857] Darwin’s nephew, Edmund, …
  • … Letter 2069  - Tenant, J. to Darwin, [31 March 1857] James Tenant, keeper of the …

Alfred Russel Wallace

Summary

Wallace was a leading Victorian naturalist, with wide-ranging interests from biogeography and evolutionary theory to spiritualism and politics. He was born in 1823 in Usk, a small town in south-east Wales, and attended a grammar school in Hertford. At the…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … and most famously, the problem of species change. In 1857, Darwin and Wallace exchanged …
  • … observations and theoretical abilities. In a letter of 1 May 1857, he alluded to his own unfinished …
  • … Science … may all your theories succeed” (22 December 1857). It may have been this shared interest …

Before Origin: the ‘big book’

Summary

Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles (Darwin's Journal). He had long considered the question of species. In 1842, he outlined a theory of transmutation in a…

Matches: 7 hits

  • … ago’, he wrote to the American botanist Asa Gray in July 1857, it occurred to me that …
  • … staggered about the permanence of species.— By 1857, Darwin had found the confidence to …
  • … And this much acceleration I owe to you. ’ In February 1857, the rate of this acceleration was …
  • … the way facts fall into groups ’, he told Fox in February 1857. Trials of strength …
  • … in theory of the descent of species ’. In December 1857, Darwin had expressed his satisfaction that …
  • … there is no good & original observation ’. In 1857, Darwin recorded in his journal that …
  • … varieties differ from each other’, he told Wallace in May 1857, before stating ‘ I am now preparing …

The writing of "Origin"

Summary

From a quiet rural existence at Down in Kent, filled with steady work on his ‘big book’ on the transmutation of species, Darwin was jolted into action in 1858 by the arrival of an unexpected letter (no longer extant) from Alfred Russel Wallace outlining a…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … completed his ninth chapter, on hybridism, on 29 December 1857, Darwin began in January 1858 to …
  • … on variation under nature. Having learned in the summer of 1857 that his method for deriving …
  • … with an abstract of his views sent to Asa Gray in September 1857. The correspondence between Darwin, …

Darwin’s reading notebooks

Summary

In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…

Matches: 21 hits

  • … 112 Jukes. “Students Manual of Geology” [Jukes 1857]— published a few years ago, good on …
  • … Lucas l’Heredite Naturelle [Lucas 1847–50] 1857 Nov. 15. Andersson Lake Gnami …
  • … Thackeray English Humourists [Thackeray 1853] 1857 Jan. Cockburn life of Selby [ …
  • … 1856]: H. Coverdale [Smedley [1854–6]: Quits [Tautphoeus] 1857] 29 Lutfullah. Life of …
  • … Marsh] 1858] Buckle History of Civilisation [Buckle 1857] Feb. 28 Sir J. Mackintosh …
  • … Oct. 22. Olmstead Journey through Texas [Olmsted 1857] Dec. Motley’s History of Dutch …
  • … 1853]— Aug.— Sherard Osborne’s Quedah [Osborn 1857] d[itt]o d[itt]o Arctic Journal …
  • … Harris 1842] Jukes Student Manual of Geology [Jukes 1857] Azara’s Quadrupeds [Azara …
  • … *119: 18v.; 119: 8a, 21a Buckle, Henry Thomas. 1857.  History of civilization in   …
  • … 21v., 22; 119: 19a Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn. 1857.  The life of Charlotte   Brontë . …
  • … [Abstract in DAR 205.3: 138.]  119: 20a ——. 1857.  The student’s manual of geology. …
  • … [Other eds.]  *119: 15v. Livingstone, David. 1857.  Missionary travels and   researches …
  • … 3 vols. Vivay. [Other eds.]  *119: 22 Lutfullah. 1857.  Autobiography of Lutfullah: a …
  • … *119: 23; 128: 5 Napier, William Francis Patrick. 1857.  The life and opinions of General …
  • … of   Elgin’s mission to China and Japan in the years 1857, 1858,   1859 . 2 vols. Edinburgh and …
  • … on their economy . New York.  128: 25 ——. 1857.  A journey through Texas; or, a winter …
  • …  an Arctic journal\. London.  128: 25 ——. 1857.  Quedah; or, stray leaves from a journal …
  • … Rouvroy, Louis de, Duke de Saint-Simon Vermandois. 1857.  The memoirs of the Duke of Saint Simon on …
  • … [Other eds.]  *119: 1v.; 119: 12a Smiles, Samuel. 1857.  The life of George Stephenson, …
  • …  New York.  *128: 178 [Tautphoeus, Jemima von]. 1857.  Quits; a novel . 3 vols. London.  …
  • … . Edited by J. C. Morris. Madras. 1833–51. Second series, 1857–. [Abstract in DAR 74: 177.]  *119: …
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