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From Daniel Oliver   9 June 1866

Summary

Identifies a plant.

CD will not find Hermann Schacht’s Lehrbuch [der Anatomie und Physiologie der Gewächse (1856–9)] at the Linnean Society Library.

Author:  Daniel Oliver
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  9 June 1866
Classmark:  DAR 173: 32
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5116

Matches: 4 hits

  • … der Anatomie und Physiologie der Gewächse (1856–9)] at the Linnean Society Library. …
  • … University Press. 1985–. Schacht, Hermann. 1856–9. Lehrbuch der Anatomie und Physiologie …
  • … in Variation 2: 384, CD cited Schacht 1856–9 , 2: 12, on ‘adventitious buds’, which CD …
  • … and physiology of perennials) by Hermann Schacht ( Schacht 1856–9 ). In his chapter …

From W. B. Tegetmeier   22 January [1866]

Summary

Discusses pigeon and poultry woodcuts [for Variation].

WBT’s poultry book is at last in the hands of a solvent publisher [The poultry book (1867)].

Author:  William Bernhard Tegetmeier
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  22 Jan [1866]
Classmark:  DAR 178: 71
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4983

Matches: 7 hits

  • … to refer occasionally to Wingfield and Johnson 1856–7 for details of work by others than …
  • … in the chapter on fowls in Variation (1: 225–75), not Wingfield and Johnson 1856–7. …
  • … Johnson (Wingfield and Johnson 1853). In 1856 and 1857, a revised edition, edited by …
  • … incomplete edition (Wingfield and Johnson 1856–7) are in the Darwin Library–CUL and are …
  • … See also n.  11 below. Wingfield and Johnson 1856–7 was superseded by Tegetmeier 1867 , …
  • … Tegetmeier’ s text from Wingfield and Johnson 1856–7; it included four additional parts …
  • … rather than refer to Wingfield and Johnson 1856–7 (see Correspondence vol.  13, letter …

From W. E. Darwin   21 June [1866]

Summary

"It [Rhamnus catharticus?] is certainly a case of dimorphic become dioecious."

Author:  William Erasmus Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  21 June [1866]
Classmark:  DAR 109: A80
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5129

Matches: 3 hits

  • … it is said, polygamous’ ( Bromfield 1856 , p.  107). See letter to W.  E.  Darwin, 22  …
  • … Bibliography Bromfield, William Arnold. 1856. Flora Vectensis: being a systematic …
  • … to the description of Rhamnus cathartica in Bromfield 1856 , a flora of the Isle of Wight. …

To J. D. Hooker   30 July [1866]

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Summary

His reasons for rejecting Atlantis hypothesis connecting Madeira and Canary Islands.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  30 July [1866]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 294, 294b
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5167

Matches: 5 hits

  • … D.  Hooker, [24 July 1866] and n.  8. In 1856, CD had objected to the Atlantis hypothesis, …
  • … 6, letter to Charles Lyell, 25 June [1856] ). On the Atlantis hypothesis, see Forbes  …
  • … distributed in Europe ( T.  V.  Wollaston 1856 , p.  83; see also T.  V.  Wollaston 1854 , …
  • … John van Voorst. Wollaston, Thomas Vernon. 1856. On the variation of species with especial …
  • … 1854 , p.  xii, and T.  V.  Wollaston  1856 , pp.  82–7; there is an annotated copy of the …

To J. D. Hooker   3 and 4 August [1866]

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Summary

Answers JDH’s questions on connection of SE. England and continent,

on the effect of breaking the Isthmus of Panama,

and on Madeira flora as remnant of Tertiary flora.

Cautionary remarks for JDH on his "Insular floras" speech, designed to strengthen case of "occasional migration" theory.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  3 and 4 Aug 1866
Classmark:  DAR 115: 295, 295b
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5174

Matches: 5 hits

  • … Murray. 1859. Wollaston, Thomas Vernon. 1856. On the variation of species with especial …
  • … Porto Santo and Madeira were discussed in Wollaston 1856 , pp.  122–4; the representative …
  • … land shells of the two islands were discussed in Wollaston 1856 , pp.  128–35. …
  • … There is an annotated copy of Wollaston 1856  in the Darwin Library–CUL (see Marginalia 1: …
  • … the germination of seeds’, read on 6 May 1856 at the Linnean Society ( Collected papers 1: …

To John Lubbock   15 November 1866

Summary

Asks JL to look up a paper by Thomas Hincks on Polyzoa or Bryozoa [Q. J. Microsc. Sci. 2d ser. 1 (1861): 278–81].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Lubbock, 4th baronet and 1st Baron Avebury
Date:  15 Nov 1866
Classmark:  DAR 261.7: 1 (EH 88205926)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5278

Matches: 1 hit

  • … in Bryozoa, see Correspondence vol.  6, letter to T.  H.  Huxley, 8 June [1856] . …

From Charles Lyell   10 March 1866

Summary

Comments on cool-period MS. Still believes geographical changes principal cause of former changes of climate.

Author:  Charles Lyell, 1st baronet
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  10 Mar 1866
Classmark:  K. M. Lyell ed. 1881, 2: 408–9
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5031

Matches: 3 hits

  • … of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Edited by R. C. Stauffer. Cambridge: …
  • … interesting to read Hooker’s letter dated 1856, and to see the impression which the MS.   …
  • … Lyell Hooker’s letter of 9 November 1856 ( Correspondence vol.  6) with the manuscript of …

To Charles Lyell   8 March [1866]

Summary

Gives details of enclosed MS on cool period. Mentions Hooker’s opposed "axis of the earth" view. Causes of glacial period are beyond CD; "cannot believe change in land and water being more than a subsidiary agent".

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Lyell, 1st baronet
Date:  8 Mar [1866]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.316)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5028

Matches: 2 hits

  • … of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Edited by R. C. Stauffer. Cambridge: …
  • … the letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 9 November 1856 ( Correspondence vol.  6). Hooker’s notes …

From J. D. Hooker   [24 July 1866]

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Summary

Working on "Insular floras" lecture for BAAS Nottingham meeting [see 5135].

Puzzled at distribution of Madeiran and Canaries plants and insects.

Supports Forbes’s Atlantis hypothesis [see 956], which he has reread and to which he will allude.

Wollaston disappointing on Madeiran insects.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [24 July 1866]
Classmark:  DAR 205.2 (letters): 239
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5165

Matches: 3 hits

  • … John van Voorst. Wollaston, Thomas Vernon. 1856. On the variation of species with especial …
  • … 1854 , p.  xii; see also T.  V.  Wollaston 1856 , pp.  82–7). Wollaston also considered a …
  • … and European species in T.  V.  Wollaston 1856 (pp.  137–44), arguing that they provided …

To Charles Lyell   [3 March 1866]

Summary

Has returned memorial to Chancellor of Exchequer; thanks CL for his note.

Lengthy remarks on cool period. Did not know of CL’s interest. New facts in new German and English [4th] editions of Origin will be too late for CL’s use. CD’s ten-year-old MS on cool period is available.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Lyell, 1st baronet
Date:  [3 Mar 1866]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.315)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5025

Matches: 2 hits

  • … of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Edited by R. C. Stauffer. Cambridge: …
  • … Geographical distribution’, were written in 1856. The manuscript CD refers to is in the …

To Charles Lyell   7 February [1866]

Summary

Discussion of Mrs Agassiz’s letter [to Mary Lyell, forwarded to CD] regarding S. American glacial action,

with comments on Bunbury’s letter on temperate plants.

Refers to opinions of Agassiz, David Forbes, Hooker, and CD on glacial period and glaciers.

Wishes he had published a long chapter on glacial period [Natural selection, pp. 535–66] written ten years ago.

Tells of death of his sister, Catherine, and other family matters.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Lyell, 1st baronet
Date:  7 Feb [1866]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.312)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-4999

Matches: 3 hits

  • … of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Edited by R. C. Stauffer. Cambridge: …
  • … vol.  6, letter to Charles Lyell, 8  July [1856] , and Correspondence vol.  11, letter to …
  • … letter from J.  D.  Hooker, 9 November 1856  and n.  2). CD argued similarly in Origin , …

From W. B. Tegetmeier   [after 4 August 1866]

Summary

Alterations to the woodcuts of poultry for Variation.

Author:  William Bernhard Tegetmeier
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [after 4 Aug 1866]
Classmark:  DAR 178: 74
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5180

Matches: 2 hits

  • … 3: 276–9. Tegetmeier, William Bernhard. 1856. On the remarkable peculiarities existing in …
  • … on the skulls of Polish fowl ( Tegetmeier 1856 ). Tegetmeier had asked CD to change the …

To J. D. Hooker   8 August [1866]

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Summary

Admits that occasional transport is not a well-established hypothesis but believes it more probable than continental extension as an explanation for the stocking of islands.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  8 Aug [1866]
Classmark:  DAR 115: 297
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5185

Matches: 2 hits

  • … letter from E.  W.  V.  Harcourt, 31 May 1856 ( Correspondence vol.  6). CD’s annotated …
  • … vol.  6, letter to Charles Lyell, 25 June [1856] . See also letter to J.  D.  Hooker, 3  …

From J. D. Hooker   7 August 1866

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Summary

Is attempting to sum up the two theories impartially and must raise all the difficulties with each. More on his differences with CD.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  7 Aug 1866
Classmark:  DAR 102: 91–2
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5183

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Chapman & Hall. Wollaston, Thomas Vernon. 1856. On the variation of species with especial …
  • … their writings (see, for example, Wollaston 1856 , Unger 1860 , and Murray 1866 ). Alfred …

From Francis Trevelyan Buckland   29 September 1866

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Summary

Sends copy of Land and Water, a journal he now edits. Has quit the Field. Asks CD to patronise his columns with queries, as other zoologists do.

Author:  Francis Trevelyan (Frank) Buckland
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  29 Sept 1866
Classmark:  DAR 160: 360
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5223

Matches: 1 hit

  • … had been a contributor to the Field since 1856, but had severed his connection in 1865 ( …

To Edouard Bornet   1 December 1866

Summary

Thanks JBEB for Papaver seeds. Has long wished to see some of the closely allied subspecies and hopes to make some crossing experiments with them.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Jean-Baptiste-Édouard (Édouard) Bornet
Date:  1 Dec 1866
Classmark:  Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Bibliothèque de Botanique, Paris (Ms CRY 501, fol. 387)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5292

Matches: 1 hit

  • … of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Edited by R. C. Stauffer. Cambridge: …

To George Henslow   15 [June 1866]

Summary

CD believes most strongly in reversion. J. G. Kölreuter’s, K. F. v Gärtner’s, and some of Charles Naudin’s cases leave no doubt in his mind. Forgets whether Herbert gave cases but in conversation he certainly believed in it. Thinks Gärtner is right to say reversion occurs only rarely in plant hybrids which have not been cultivated. [See 5120.]

Variation

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  George Henslow
Date:  15 [June 1866]
Classmark:  DAR Library: tipped into George Henslow’s copy of Variation
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5123A

Matches: 1 hit

  • … of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Edited by R. C. Stauffer. Cambridge: …

To William Ewart Gladstone   14 May 1866

Summary

Memorial to the Chancellor of the Exchequer from the fellows of the Royal, Linnean, Geological, and Zoological Societies of London, stating the importance of separating the administration of the national natural history collections of the British Museum from that of the library and art collections, and placing it in the hands of one officer, immediately responsible to one of the Queen’s ministers.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Ewart Gladstone
Date:  14 May 1866
Classmark:  Gunther 1975, p. 238 (facsimile of printed copy of memorial)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5090F

Matches: 1 hit

  • … letter from Charles Lyell, 1 March 1866 . In 1856, a new post had been created for Richard …

To Robert Caspary   21 February [1866]

Summary

Requests copy of paper read at Amsterdam Horticultural Congress, on graft-hybrids like that of Cytisus adami [see 5018].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Johann Xaver Robert (Robert) Caspary
Date:  21 Feb [1866]
Classmark:  Yale University: Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library (GEN MSS MISC Group 1559 F-2)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5012

Matches: 1 hit

  • … 6, letter to J.  D. Hooker, 8 September [1856] , and Correspondence vol.  10, letter to …

From J. D. Hooker   [12 December 1866]

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Summary

Plants arrived.

Delightful dinner at Lyell’s.

Will be interested in seeds passed through a fowl.

Wedgwood medallions were bought by a Miss W. [Sophy Wedgwood] of Leith Hill.

Lubbock’s account of a new centipede at Linnean Society gave rise to lively discussion by Busk and Huxley.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [12 Dec 1866]
Classmark:  DAR 102: 118–19
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-5302

Matches: 1 hit

  • … was based on taxonomic classification. From 1856, Hooker had begun to rearrange the beds, …
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Darwin in letters, 1856-1857: the 'Big Book'

Summary

In May 1856, Darwin began writing up his 'species sketch’ in earnest. During this period, his working life was completely dominated by the preparation of his 'Big Book', which was to be called Natural selection. Using letters are the main…

Matches: 21 hits

  • … On 14 May 1856, Charles Darwin recorded in his journal that he ‘Began by Lyell’s …
  • … Charles Lyell and Joseph Dalton Hooker, who were joined in 1856 by Hooker’s friend the American …
  • … only source of information about his preoccupations during 1856 and 1857. They reveal little noticed …
  • … might work in nature ( letter from Charles Lyell, 1–2 May 1856, n. 10 ). He was surprised that no …
  • … remarked to Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 8 September [1856] ). I mean to make my …
  • … on plants. Expanding projects set up during 1855 and 1856 (see  Correspondence  vol. 5), he tried …
  • … first two chapters of his species book, completed by October 1856 (‘Journal’; Appendix II). …
  • … Gray, vary in the United States ( letter to Asa Gray, 2 May 1856 )? What about weeds? Did they …
  • … hermaphrodite’ ( letter to to T. H. Huxley, 1 July [1856] ), which became a source of amusement in …
  • … that Asa Gray and Hooker confirmed during the course of 1856. Science at home: the botanical …
  • … many different experiments on plants through the summers of 1856 and 1857, particularly with garden …
  • … have grown well.’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 10 December [1856] ). His faith in his ideas …
  • … trees (see letters to William Erasmus Darwin, [26 February 1856] and to Charles Lyell, 3 May …
  • … Waring Darwin, the sixth and last, was born on 6 December 1856) was a constant worry, particularly …
  • … in New South Wales ( letter to Syms Covington, 9 March 1856 ). Many other topics, …
  • … the geological phenomenon of cleavage, still unresolved in 1856, with John Phillips and entered into …
  • … visited the Darwins at Down House for several days in April 1856, and Darwin took this opportunity …
  • … made in a letter written by Lyell from London on 1–2 May 1856. Darwin took the suggestion seriously …
  • … him to write up his views ( letters to J. D. Hooker, 9 May [1856] ). Darwin had also …
  • … At a second weekend party held at Down on 26 and 27 April 1856, he had discussed the question of …
  • … doctrine.’ ( letter from Charles Lyell, 1–2 May 1856, n. 7 ). The excitement and intellectual …

Darwin and Fatherhood

Summary

Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten children. It is often assumed that Darwin was an exceptional Victorian father. But how extraordinary was he? The Correspondence Project allows an unusually…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … were built to the area (Darwin to J. D. Hooker,  8 April [1856] ). This meant that most of the …
  • … family duties (Darwin to W. B. Tegetmeier,  19 November [1856] ) made him unable to travel to many …
  • … his son William,  [30 October 1858] ). In one letter in 1856, he explained his paternal feelings …
  • … in this world.’ (Darwin to Syms Covington,  9 March 1856 ) In the late nineteenth century, …

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 2 hits

  • … 21 JULY 1855 14  C DARWIN TO A GRAY, 14 JULY 1856 15  A GRAY TO C DARWIN …
  • … 1855 23  JD HOOKER TO C DARWIN, 9 NOVEMBER 1856 24  C DARWIN TO JD …

Origin

Summary

Darwin’s most famous work, Origin, had an inauspicious beginning. It grew out of his wish to establish priority for the species theory he had spent over twenty years researching. Darwin never intended to write Origin, and had resisted suggestions in 1856…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … to write Origin, and had resisted suggestions in 1856 that he publish a short version of his …
  • … in persuading Darwin not to publish an abstract in 1856 , Darwin explained to whole affair to him …

Six things Darwin never said – and one he did

Summary

Spot the fakes! Darwin is often quoted – and as often misquoted. Here are some sayings regularly attributed to Darwin that never flowed from his pen.

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Spot the fakes! Darwin is often quoted – and as often misquoted. Here are some sayings regularly …

Dates of composition of Darwin's manuscript on species

Summary

Many of the dates of letters in 1856 and 1857 were based on or confirmed by reference to Darwin’s manuscript on species (DAR 8--15.1, inclusive; transcribed and published as Natural selection). This manuscript, begun in May 1856, was nearly completed by…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … Many of the dates of letters in 1856 and 1857 were based on or confirmed by reference to Darwin’s …
  • … as Natural selection ). This manuscript, begun in May 1856, was nearly completed by June 1858. At …
  • … 2 13 October 1856 [Variation under domestication] [2] …
  • … 11 13 October 1856 Geographical distribution (DAR 14; …
  • … 3 16 December 1856 On the possibility of all organic …

Descent

Summary

There are more than five hundred letters associated with the research and writing of Darwin’s book, Descent of man and selection in relation to sex (Descent). They trace not only the tortuous route to eventual publication, but the development of Darwin’s…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … research notes, including letters going back to at least 1856 . Among them were accounts of …

Species and varieties

Summary

On the origin of species by means of natural selection …so begins the title of Darwin’s most famous book, and the reader would rightly assume that such a thing as ‘species’ must therefore exist and be subject to description. But the title continues, …or…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … undefinable’ ( letter to  J. D. Hooker, 24 December [1856] ). The idea that sterility was a test …

Darwin’s reading notebooks

Summary

In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…

Matches: 27 hits

  • … [DAR *128: 160] Mansfield’s Paraguay [Mansfield 1856] } read Chesterton Prison Life …
  • … Hutchison Dog Breaking 3 d . Edit [Hutchinson 1856] new information on Pointer & Retriever …
  • … Annal des Sc. Nat. 4 th  Series. Bot. Vol 6 [Naudin 1856]. Read Notes to Jardine & …
  • … 1855 Sept. Tegetmeier on Poultry [Tegetmeier 1856–7] —— 27 th . Mem. de l’Acad. …
  • … Das Ganze der Landwirttschaft [Kirchhof 1835].— 1856. Jan 10 th  G. Colin Traite de …
  • … [Rudolphi 1812] [DAR 128: 16] 1856 Jan 21. Huc’s Chinese Empire [Huc …
  • … Mar 1 Veith Naturgeschichte Haussaugethiere [Veith 1856].— 3 d  Knox Races of Man.— 1850 [R …
  • … 1741–55] d[itt]o [DAR 128: 17] 1856 . Jan 28. Watt’s Life by Muirhead …
  • … [Pepys 1848–9]— April 21 Sandwitt Kars [Sandwith 1856]. [DAR 128: 18] March …
  • … 1851–6] —— Wollaston on Variation [Wollaston 1856] F. Smith on Apidæ [F. Smith 1855] …
  • … 1835 [H. C. Watson 1835] [DAR 128: 20] 1856 June 26. Davis J. Barnard. …
  • … 1855] —— 19 Von Tschudi Alpine life [Tschudi 1856] 30. Brehm Handbuch Vogel …
  • … 1857 Nov. 15. Andersson Lake Gnami [Andersson 1856] —— 26 Slightly skimmed Forbes …
  • … 1765] Oct. 23. Tracings of Iceland Chambers [Chambers 1856]. —— Mansfield Travels in …
  • … 2 vols July D r . Kane’s Arctic Voyage [Kane 1856] Sept. 12. Ch. Napiers Life …
  • … rubbish yet amusing Nov. 15. Tender & True [Spence] 1856]: H. Coverdale [Smedley [1854–6] …
  • … Travels I ever read) Sept. Froude Henry VIII [Froude 1856]. 4 vols very interesting. …
  • … —— 16 Zoologist [ Zoologist ]. up Vol. 14. 1856 May 9 th  Voyage au Pol. Sud. Consid. Gen …
  • … 1859 Feb. 28 Olmstead S. States [Olmsted 1856] (excellent) March 21. Mill on Liberty …
  • … The revised edition of Johnston’s  Physical atlas  (1856) included ‘Map of the distribution of …
  • … 113  The  Cottage Gardener  ceased publication in 1856. 114  CD marked this entry …
  • … vols. London.  119: 14a Andersson, Carl Johan. 1856.  Lake Ngami; or, explorations and   …
  • … [Darwin Library.]  119: 20a; *128: 173 ——. 1856.  Tracings of Iceland and the Faröe …
  • … [Other eds.]  119: 9a Chesterton, George Laval. 1856.  Revelations of prison life;   …
  • … 128: 5 Davis, Joseph Barnard and Thurnam, John. 1856–65.  Crania   Britannica. …
  • … Three visits to Madagascar during   the years 1853, 1854, 1856 . London.  128: 24 …
  • … . Lundæ.  *119: 5v. Froude, James Anthony. 1856.  History of England from the   fall of …

Before Origin: the ‘big book’

Summary

Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles (Darwin's Journal). He had long considered the question of species. In 1842, he outlined a theory of transmutation in a…

Matches: 9 hits

  • … naturalist Edward Forbes. Darwin declared to Hooker in July 1856 ‘y ou continental extensionists …
  • … of his old friend, the geologist Charles Lyell, who, in May 1856, twenty months after Darwin had …
  • … urgency to publish and, following Lyell’s advice in May 1856, began to write a sketch his theory. ‘I …
  • … without full details. ’ Writing to his cousin Fox in June 1856, Darwin openly confessed his fears …
  • … work ’ he had ‘desisted’. By November 1856, he had both good and bad news to report to Lyell: ‘ …
  • … press. Although Darwin had decided in the autumn of 1856 to write only from the materials he …
  • … wrote ten and a half chapters of his Big Book between May 1856 and June 1858. With a total of …
  • … length ’, he had complained to Hooker in December 1856. By mid-1858, only the first chapter on …
  • … being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858 (Cambridge University …

Thomas Henry Huxley

Summary

Dubbed “Darwin’s bulldog” for his combative role in controversies over evolution, Huxley was a leading Victorian zoologist, science popularizer, and education reformer. He was born in Ealing, a small village west of London, in 1825. With only two years of…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Owen, and Louis Agassiz (see letters to J. D. Hooker, 9 May 1856 and 21 May 1856). But he considered …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 1836  - Berkeley, M. J. to Darwin, [7 March 1856] Clergyman and botanist …
  • … Letter 1836  - Berkeley, M. J. to Darwin, [7 March 1856] Clergyman and botanist Miles …

4.16 Joseph Simms, physiognomy

Summary

< Back to Introduction In September 1874, the American doctor Joseph Simms, then on a three-year lecture tour of Britain, sent Darwin a copy of his book, Nature’s Revelations of Character; Or, Physiognomy Illustrated. He was seeking a public…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … of the human form’, Quarterly Review , 99:198 (Sept. 1856), pp. 452-491. Joseph Simms, Nature’s …

Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small

Summary

In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…

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  • … to me’ ( letter to E. W. V. Harcourt, 24 June [1856] ). In a follow-up letter, Darwin hinted at …

Hermann Müller

Summary

Hermann (Heinrich Ludwig Hermann) Müller, was born in Mühlberg near Erfurt in 1829. He was the younger brother of Fritz Müller (1822–97). Following the completion of his secondary education at Erfurt in 1848, he studied natural sciences at Halle and Berlin…

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  • … it was the subject of his first scientific paper (Müller 1856). In the autumn of 1855, Müller …

Scientific Networks

Summary

Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…

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  • … Letter 1979 — Darwin, C. R. to Lubbock, John, 27 Oct [1856] Darwin provides detailed …

Correlation of growth: deaf blue-eyed cats, pigs, and poison

Summary

As he was first developing his ideas, among the potential problems Darwin recognised with natural selection was how to account for developmental change that conferred no apparent advantage.  He proposed a ‘mysterious law’ of ‘correlation of growth’ where…

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  • … to write up a ‘preliminary essay’ on his views in 1856, he went back to Fox to check his facts, …
  • … the African explorer and army surgeon William Daniell in 1856 was probably in reply to such a …

3.2 Maull and Polyblank photo 1

Summary

< Back to Introduction The rise of professional photographic studios in the mid nineteenth century was a key factor in the shaping of Darwinian iconography, but Darwin’s relationship with these firms was from the start a cautious and sometimes a…

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  • … burgeoned into a multi-faceted commercial enterprise: by 1856 Maull and Polyblank were offering …
  • … and photography: portrait publications in Great Britain, 1856-1900’, PhD thesis, University of Texas …

Begins 'Natural Selection'

Summary

Darwin begins writing his 'big book', Natural Selection. The book was never finished, but later formed the basis for On the Origin of Species

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  • … Darwin begins writing his 'big book', Natural Selection. The book was never finished, but …

Language: key letters

Summary

How and why language evolved bears on larger questions about the evolution of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the development of human speech from animal sounds in The Descent of Man (1871),…

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  • … The origin of language was investigated in a wide range of disciplines in the nineteenth century. …
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