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From H. C. Watson   26 November 1856

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Summary

Responds to CD’s query on Subularia and Limosella. There are discrepancies among authorities on whether Subularia flowers out of water. Limosella certainly flowers out of water.

Author:  Hewett Cottrell Watson
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  26 Nov 1856
Classmark:  DAR 207: 19
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2002

Matches: 6 hits

  • … From H.  C. Watson   26 November 1856
  • … DAR 207: 19 Hewett Cottrell Watson Thames Ditton 26 Nov 1856 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … See letter from C.  C. Babington, 22 November 1856 , n.  1. J.  E. Smith 1824–36 , W.  J. …
  • … British flora. Koch 1843–4 . See letter from C.  C. Babington, 22 November 1856 , n.  2. …
  • … See letter from George Dickie, 1 December 1856 . George Dickie was professor of natural …
  • … Thames Ditton Nov r . 26. 1856 My dear Sir It is some score of years since I gathered the …

To J. D. Hooker   [19 October 1856]

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Summary

CD sorry he had to leave the Hookers abruptly to catch his train.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  [19 Oct 1856]
Classmark:  DAR 114: 179
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1977

Matches: 5 hits

  • … To J.  D. Hooker   [19 October 1856] …
  • … DAR 114: 179 Charles Robert Darwin Down [19 Oct 1856] Joseph Dalton Hooker …
  • … with seed: planted these seeds on 19 th . — See letter to T.  C. Eyton, 5 October [1856] . …
  • … see letter to J.  D. Hooker, 9 October [1856] ). The experiment, which was carried out in …
  • … book, p.  15 (DAR 157a) on19 October 1856: Killed some sparrow *on 14 th [ interl ], one …

From Richard Thomas Lowe   12 April 1856

Summary

Discusses the flora of Porto Santo in relation to that of Madeira. While these islands have some 20 endemic species in common, there are 7 or 8 species endemic to Porto Santo alone, and 25 common to Porto Santo and Europe that are not found on Madeira. Believes the great difference in soil and climate is enough to explain this: plants common on one island cannot be made to grow on the other. Believes J. D. Hooker has underestimated the number of species endemic to Madeira. There are some remarkable endemic species of common plants in the Dezertas.

The eel is the only freshwater fish on Porto Santo and Madeira.

Author:  Richard Thomas Lowe
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  12 Apr 1856
Classmark:  The University of Edinburgh Centre for Research Collections (Lyell collection, Journal I: 132–6)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1852A

Matches: 9 hits

  • … From Richard Thomas Lowe    12 April 1856
  • … Lyell collection, Journal I: 132–6) Richard Thomas Lowe 12 Apr 1856 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … Chrysanthemum haematomma , described in Lowe 1856 , p.  296. It was distinguished from its …
  • … visited CD at Down House from 13 to 16 April 1856, and the ‘Migration of Plants & Shells’ …
  • … about Madeiran shells, dated 16 April 1856, are in DAR 205.3 (Letters). The date as given …
  • … 25, 265–86, 461–79. Lowe, Richard Thomas. 1856. Species Plantarum Maderensium quædam novæ, …
  • … Monizia by Lowe and described in Lowe 1856 , pp.  295–6. It comprised only one species, …
  • … the name Arthrochortus and described in Lowe 1856 , pp.  301–2. Lowe considered the single …
  • … of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany ( Lowe 1856 ). The list includes species from Porto …

To Henry Tibbats Stainton   13 April [1856]

Summary

Thanks HTS for Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer [no. 2, 12 Apr 1856]. Agrees with his remarks [in "Why did Mr Westwood get the Royal Medal?"], but explains that a change in rules for awarding the Royal Medal has been made. Earlier it had to be given for publications in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, which explains small number of entomologist recipients.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Henry Tibbats Stainton
Date:  13 Apr [1856]
Classmark:  Natural History Museum, Library and Archives (General Special Collections MSS DAR 16)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1853

Matches: 8 hits

  • … To Henry Tibbats Stainton   13 April [1856] …
  • … Collections MSS DAR 16) Charles Robert Darwin Down 13 Apr [1856] Henry Tibbats Stainton …
  • … s Weekly Intelligencer [no. 2, 12 Apr 1856]. Agrees with his remarks [in "Why did Mr …
  • … pt 1, pp. 169–242. [Stainton, Henry Tibbats]. 1856. Why did Mr Westwood get the Royal …
  • … which began publication on 5 April 1856. Stainton was the founder and editor of the …
  • … the Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer (12 April 1856) opened with an unsigned editorial, …
  • … s Weekly Intelligencer , 12 April 1856, pp. 9–10. Westwood, John Obadiah. 1839–40. An …
  • … more prominent than formerly’ ( [Stainton] 1856 , p.  9–10). George Newport was awarded …

From J. D. Hooker   22 November 1856

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Summary

Continued debate on formation of species as a result of retreat from glaciers.

JDH suggests internal powers of species modification, which he knows CD abhors.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  22 Nov 1856
Classmark:  DAR 100: 111–12
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1995

Matches: 6 hits

  • … From J.  D. Hooker   22 November 1856
  • … DAR 100: 111–12 Joseph Dalton Hooker unstated 22 Nov 1856 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … letter to J.  D. Hooker, 18 November [1856] and n.  2. Thomas Thomson was superintendent …
  • … letter to J.  D. Hooker, 18 November [1856] . CD did not communicate this information (see …
  • … letter to J.  D. Hooker, 23 November [1856] ). See …
  • … letter from Asa Gray, 4 November 1856 , which CD had sent to Hooker to read. The remainder …

To Samuel Birch   6 February [1856]

Summary

Is grateful for SB’s note and assistance. Will call upon him in London in a fortnight.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Samuel Birch
Date:  6 Feb [1856]
Classmark:  British Museum (Department of the Middle East, correspondence 1826–67: 1492)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1829A

Matches: 5 hits

  • … To Samuel Birch   6 February [1856] …
  • … East, correspondence 1826–67: 1492) Charles Robert Darwin Down 6 Feb [1856] Samuel Birch …
  • … to the letter to J.  E. Gray, 14 January [1856] . CD had asked Birch, through John Edward …
  • … animals and cultivated plants (see letter to J.  E. Gray, 14 January [1856] ). See …
  • … letter to Samuel Birch, [12 March 1856] . …

To Samuel Birch    8 April [1856]

Summary

His thanks for the extracts sent by SB.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Samuel Birch
Date:  8 Apr [1856]
Classmark:  British Museum (Department of the Middle East, correspondence 1826–67: 1494)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1851A

Matches: 5 hits

  • … To Samuel Birch    8 April [1856] …
  • … East, correspondence 1826–67: 1494) Charles Robert Darwin Down 8 Apr [1856] Samuel Birch …
  • … is suggested by the relationship to the letters to Samuel Birch , 6 February [1856] and [ …
  • … 12 March 1856] ( Correspondence vol.  6). CD visited …
  • … of the British Museum , on14 March 1856. CD cited Birch’s translations of passages from an …

To W. B. Tegetmeier   [15–22 August 1856]

Summary

Is collecting only pigeons that differ in proportions, so declines some birds offered by WBT.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Bernhard Tegetmeier
Date:  [15–22 Aug 1856]
Classmark:  Archives of the New York Botanical Garden (Charles Finney Cox Collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1935

Matches: 5 hits

  • … To W.  B. Tegetmeier   [15–22 August 1856] …
  • … Cox Collection) Charles Robert Darwin Down [15–22 Aug 1856] William Bernhard Tegetmeier …
  • … to the letter to W.  B. Tegetmeier, 14 August [1856] and to the letter to W.   …
  • … B. Tegetmeier, 23 August [1856] . The characteristic features of runts are discussed in …
  • … Variation 1: 142–4. See letter to W.  B. Tegetmeier, 14 August [1856] . …

To J. E. Gray   19 January [1856]

Summary

Is obliged for JEG’s assistance.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Edward Gray
Date:  19 Jan [1856]
Classmark:  British Museum (Department of the Middle East, correspondence 1826–67: 1491)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1822A

Matches: 3 hits

  • … To J.  E. Gray   19 January [1856] …
  • … See letter to J.  E. Gray, 14 January [1856] . …
  • … correspondence 1826–67: 1491) Charles Robert Darwin Down 19 Jan [1856] John Edward Gray …

To W. D. Fox   4 June [1856]

Summary

Thanks WDF for specimen of Dorking cock.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Darwin Fox
Date:  4 June [1856]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.130)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1887

Matches: 3 hits

  • … To W.  D. Fox   4 June [1856] …
  • … Society (Mss.B.D25.130) Charles Robert Darwin Down 4 June [1856] William Darwin Fox …
  • … Dated by the relationship to letter to W.  D. Fox, 8 [June 1856] . …

To John Lubbock   [1 November 1856]

Summary

Discusses arthropod structure and the nature of the corium.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  John Lubbock, 4th baronet and 1st Baron Avebury
Date:  [1 Nov 1856]
Classmark:  DAR 263: 5 (EH 88206454)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1980

Matches: 8 hits

  • … To John Lubbock   [1 November 1856] …
  • … 88206454) Charles Robert Darwin Down [1 Nov 1856] John Lubbock, 4th baronet and 1st Baron …
  • … of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Edited by R. C. Stauffer. Cambridge: …
  • … 1857 ), which CD communicated to the Royal Society on 22 December 1856 (see letter to …
  • … John Lubbock, 27 October [1856] , n.  2). …
  • … The first Sunday after the letter to John Lubbock, 27 October [1856] , was …
  • … 1 November 1856. In Lubbock 1857 , pp.  96–7, Lubbock described all the known cases in …
  • … finished the chapter on 16 December 1856 (‘Journal’; Appendix II). Lubbock’s observations …

To S. P. Woodward   [after 4 June 1856]

Summary

Queries from CD on the distribution of molluscan genera referring to SPW’s Manual of the Mollusca [pt 3 (1856)], with SPW’s answers.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Samuel Pickworth Woodward
Date:  [after 4 June 1856]
Classmark:  DAR 72: 59–61
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1890

Matches: 9 hits

  • … To S.  P. Woodward   [after 4 June 1856] …
  • … DAR 72: 59–61 Charles Robert Darwin Down [after 4 June 1856] Samuel Pickworth Woodward …
  • … genera referring to SPW’s Manual of the Mollusca [pt 3 (1856)], with SPW’s answers. …
  • … Bibliography Forbes, Edward. 1856. Map of the distribution of marine life, illustrated …
  • … of questions referred to in the letters to S.  P. Woodward, 3 June [1856] , and from S.   …
  • … P. Woodward, 4 June 1856. It seems probable that CD posted the …
  • … in the letter from Woodward, 4 June 1856 , rather than delivering them in person, as was …
  • … the letter to S.  P. Woodward, 3 June [1856] . Woodward wrote his answers on the list of …
  • … fusca also Medit. ’ CD refers to E.  Forbes 1856 . Woodward added after ‘Patina’: ‘(Leach) …

To S. P. Woodward   27 May [1856]

Summary

Thanks for answer to query. "I see … that there is no hope of comparing the same genus at two different periods, and seeing whether the tendency to vary is greater at one period in such genus than at another period."

Inclined to dispute SPW’s doctrine that islands are generally ancient. Doubts that they are remnants of continents.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Samuel Pickworth Woodward
Date:  27 May [1856]
Classmark:  Natural History Museum, Library and Archives (General Special Collections DC AL 1/5)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1879

Matches: 6 hits

  • … To S.  P. Woodward   27 May [1856] …
  • … Collections DC AL 1/5) Charles Robert Darwin Down 27 May [1856] Samuel Pickworth Woodward …
  • … to the letter from S.  P. Woodward, 2 May 1856 , even though CD had written an additional …
  • … letter in the interim (see letter to S.  P. Woodward, 15 May [1856] ). See letter to S.   …
  • … P. Woodward, [after 4 June 1856] . Woodward expressed his belief that island faunas were …
  • … in the letter from S.  P. Woodward, 2 May 1856 . He gave a fuller discussion in Woodward …

To W. B. Tegetmeier   4 December [1856]

Summary

Is glad WBT is willing to describe the poultry CD can acquire. Sir James Brooke promises Borneo fowls.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Bernhard Tegetmeier
Date:  4 Dec [1856]
Classmark:  Archives of the New York Botanical Garden (Charles Finney Cox Collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2011

Matches: 6 hits

  • … To W.  B. Tegetmeier   4 December [1856] …
  • … Finney Cox Collection) Charles Robert Darwin Down 4 Dec [1856] William Bernhard Tegetmeier …
  • … relationship to the letter to W.  B. Tegetmeier, 29 November [1856] . See letter to W.   …
  • … B. Tegetmeier, 3 November [1856] . A reference to Tegetmeier’s …
  • … breeds of poultry, issued in parts during 1856 and 1857 but never completed (Tegetmeier …
  • … ed. 1856–7). The letter from James Brooke , raja of Saráwak, has not been found. CD had …

From T. V. Wollaston   [11 or 18 December 1856]

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Summary

Informs CD that the "dishonest mollusks" were collected in May 1855 in Porto Santo. Describes some Madeira species. Though believing in "species" more and more, these may be "mere insular modifications".

Author:  Thomas Vernon Wollaston
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [11 or 18] Dec 1856
Classmark:  DAR 205.3: 301
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2013

Matches: 6 hits

  • … From T.  V. Wollaston   [11 or 18 December 1856] …
  • … DAR 205.3: 301 Thomas Vernon Wollaston London, Hereford St, 10 11 Dec 1856 18 …
  • … Dec 1856 Charles Robert Darwin …
  • … to float in sea-water by CD on 3 December 1856. CD’s results were given in his letter to …
  • … J.  D. Hooker, 10 December [1856] , and in Origin , p.  397. In his Experimental book, …
  • … See letter from Charles Lyell, 1–2 May 1856 , n.  7. The number of CD’s portfolio of notes …

To W. B. Tegetmeier   14 August [1856]

Summary

Inquires about pigeons seen at Anerley show.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Bernhard Tegetmeier
Date:  14 Aug [1856]
Classmark:  Archives of the New York Botanical Garden (Charles Finney Cox Collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1941

Matches: 5 hits

  • … To W.  B. Tegetmeier   14 August [1856] …
  • … Cox Collection) Charles Robert Darwin Down 14 Aug [1856] William Bernhard Tegetmeier …
  • … Scanderoons in letter to W.  B. Tegetmeier, 24 June [1856] . Tegetmeier was called in at …
  • … the last minute to supervise the Anerley show ( Cottage Gardener 16 (1856): 355–6). …
  • … Gardens took place from 29 July to 1 August 1856. CD discussed these and similarly marked …

To William Yarrell   6 [February 1856]

Summary

"The Pigeons are all quite well".

Sends thanks to Mrs Cotton.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Yarrell
Date:  6 [Feb 1856]
Classmark:  Cleveland Health Sciences Library (Robert M. Stecher collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1829

Matches: 4 hits

  • … To William Yarrell   6 [February 1856] …
  • … Robert M. Stecher collection) Charles Robert Darwin Down 6 [Feb 1856] William Yarrell …
  • … the purchases of pigeons. By the end of June 1856, he had acquired eighty-nine birds (see …
  • … letter to W.  B. Tegetmeier, 24 June [1856] ). …

To Charles Lyell   10 November [1856]

Summary

Illnesses of Mrs Horner and Emma Darwin.

Death of Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood.

Mentions work on his "Big Book" [Natural selection].

Remarks on J. A. H. de Bosquet’s discovery of a Chthamalus in the Chalk.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Lyell, 1st baronet
Date:  10 Nov [1856]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.140)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1984

Matches: 6 hits

  • … To Charles Lyell   10 November [1856] …
  • … Mss.B.D25.140) Charles Robert Darwin Down 10 Nov [1856] Charles Lyell, 1st baronet …
  • … establish his priority ( letter from Charles Lyell, 1–2 May 1856 ). See letter to J.  A. …
  • … H. de Bosquet, 9 September [1856]. …
  • … law. Sarah Wedgwood died on 6 November 1856 ( Emma Darwin (1915) 2: 161). She had broken …
  • … see letter to W.  D. Fox, 3 October [1856] ). Lyell had been working for several years on …

To J. D. Hooker   15 November [1856]

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Summary

CD finds JDH’s objections to a mundane cold period significant, and he endeavours to show how they do not rule out mutability.

He is writing on crossing.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  15 Nov [1856]
Classmark:  DAR 114: 182
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1989

Matches: 5 hits

  • … To J.  D. Hooker   15 November [1856] …
  • … DAR 114: 182 Charles Robert Darwin Down 15 Nov [1856] Joseph Dalton Hooker …
  • … letter from J.  D. Hooker, 9 November 1856 . A point presumably made by Hooker in person …
  • … the letter from J.  D. Hooker, 9 November 1856 , or the memorandum transcribed after that …
  • … on geographical distribution. See letter from W.  F. Daniell, 14 November 1856 . …

To J. D. Hooker   30 July [1856]

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Summary

CD’s predicament with continental extensions: they would remove argument for multiple creations, yet he opposes the doctrine. Lyell will not express an opinion on this.

Lyell fears mutability would lead to more specific names.

Encloses copy of letters to Lyell [1910 and 1917].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  30 July [1856]
Classmark:  DAR 114: 172, 165, and 167
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1933

Matches: 9 hits

  • … To J.  D. Hooker   30 July [1856] …
  • … DAR 114: 172, 165, and 167 Charles Robert Darwin Down 30 July [1856] Joseph Dalton Hooker …
  • … species. See letter to J.  D. Hooker, 19 July [1856] . The Hookers were about to leave …
  • … for a holiday in Switzerland (see letter from Asa Gray, [early August 1856] ). …
  • … manuscripts of Lyell’s letters to CD (letters from Charles Lyell , 17 June 1856  and [ …
  • … 1 July 1856] ) and copies of his …
  • … replies to Lyell, 25 June [1856] and …
  • … 5 July [1856]. The copies are now bound in DAR 114.3 following letters 165 and 167, …
  • … Lyell to J.  D. Hooker, dated 25 July 1856 (K.  M. Lyell ed. 1881, 2: 214–17). Lyell had …
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Darwin in letters, 1856-1857: the 'Big Book'

Summary

In May 1856, Darwin began writing up his 'species sketch’ in earnest. During this period, his working life was completely dominated by the preparation of his 'Big Book', which was to be called Natural selection. Using letters are the main…

Matches: 21 hits

  • … On 14 May 1856, Charles Darwin recorded in his journal that he ‘Began by Lyell’s …
  • … Charles Lyell and Joseph Dalton Hooker, who were joined in 1856 by Hooker’s friend the American …
  • … only source of information about his preoccupations during 1856 and 1857. They reveal little noticed …
  • … might work in nature ( letter from Charles Lyell, 1–2 May 1856, n. 10 ). He was surprised that no …
  • … remarked to Hooker ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 8 September [1856] ). I mean to make my …
  • … on plants. Expanding projects set up during 1855 and 1856 (see  Correspondence  vol. 5), he tried …
  • … first two chapters of his species book, completed by October 1856 (‘Journal’; Appendix II). …
  • … Gray, vary in the United States ( letter to Asa Gray, 2 May 1856 )? What about weeds? Did they …
  • … hermaphrodite’ ( letter to to T. H. Huxley, 1 July [1856] ), which became a source of amusement in …
  • … that Asa Gray and Hooker confirmed during the course of 1856. Science at home: the botanical …
  • … many different experiments on plants through the summers of 1856 and 1857, particularly with garden …
  • … have grown well.’ ( letter to J. D. Hooker, 10 December [1856] ). His faith in his ideas …
  • … trees (see letters to William Erasmus Darwin, [26 February 1856] and to Charles Lyell, 3 May …
  • … Waring Darwin, the sixth and last, was born on 6 December 1856) was a constant worry, particularly …
  • … in New South Wales ( letter to Syms Covington, 9 March 1856 ). Many other topics, …
  • … the geological phenomenon of cleavage, still unresolved in 1856, with John Phillips and entered into …
  • … visited the Darwins at Down House for several days in April 1856, and Darwin took this opportunity …
  • … made in a letter written by Lyell from London on 1–2 May 1856. Darwin took the suggestion seriously …
  • … him to write up his views ( letters to J. D. Hooker, 9 May [1856] ). Darwin had also …
  • … At a second weekend party held at Down on 26 and 27 April 1856, he had discussed the question of …
  • … doctrine.’ ( letter from Charles Lyell, 1–2 May 1856, n. 7 ). The excitement and intellectual …

Darwin and Fatherhood

Summary

Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten children. It is often assumed that Darwin was an exceptional Victorian father. But how extraordinary was he? The Correspondence Project allows an unusually…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … were built to the area (Darwin to J. D. Hooker,  8 April [1856] ). This meant that most of the …
  • … family duties (Darwin to W. B. Tegetmeier,  19 November [1856] ) made him unable to travel to many …
  • … his son William,  [30 October 1858] ). In one letter in 1856, he explained his paternal feelings …
  • … in this world.’ (Darwin to Syms Covington,  9 March 1856 ) In the late nineteenth century, …

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 2 hits

  • … 21 JULY 1855 14  C DARWIN TO A GRAY, 14 JULY 1856 15  A GRAY TO C DARWIN …
  • … 1855 23  JD HOOKER TO C DARWIN, 9 NOVEMBER 1856 24  C DARWIN TO JD …

Origin

Summary

Darwin’s most famous work, Origin, had an inauspicious beginning. It grew out of his wish to establish priority for the species theory he had spent over twenty years researching. Darwin never intended to write Origin, and had resisted suggestions in 1856…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … to write Origin, and had resisted suggestions in 1856 that he publish a short version of his …
  • … in persuading Darwin not to publish an abstract in 1856 , Darwin explained to whole affair to him …

Six things Darwin never said – and one he did

Summary

Spot the fakes! Darwin is often quoted – and as often misquoted. Here are some sayings regularly attributed to Darwin that never flowed from his pen.

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Spot the fakes! Darwin is often quoted – and as often misquoted. Here are some sayings regularly …

Dates of composition of Darwin's manuscript on species

Summary

Many of the dates of letters in 1856 and 1857 were based on or confirmed by reference to Darwin’s manuscript on species (DAR 8--15.1, inclusive; transcribed and published as Natural selection). This manuscript, begun in May 1856, was nearly completed by…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … Many of the dates of letters in 1856 and 1857 were based on or confirmed by reference to Darwin’s …
  • … as Natural selection ). This manuscript, begun in May 1856, was nearly completed by June 1858. At …
  • … 2 13 October 1856 [Variation under domestication] [2] …
  • … 11 13 October 1856 Geographical distribution (DAR 14; …
  • … 3 16 December 1856 On the possibility of all organic …

Descent

Summary

There are more than five hundred letters associated with the research and writing of Darwin’s book, Descent of man and selection in relation to sex (Descent). They trace not only the tortuous route to eventual publication, but the development of Darwin’s…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … research notes, including letters going back to at least 1856 . Among them were accounts of …

Species and varieties

Summary

On the origin of species by means of natural selection …so begins the title of Darwin’s most famous book, and the reader would rightly assume that such a thing as ‘species’ must therefore exist and be subject to description. But the title continues, …or…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … undefinable’ ( letter to  J. D. Hooker, 24 December [1856] ). The idea that sterility was a test …

Darwin’s reading notebooks

Summary

In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…

Matches: 27 hits

  • … [DAR *128: 160] Mansfield’s Paraguay [Mansfield 1856] } read Chesterton Prison Life …
  • … Hutchison Dog Breaking 3 d . Edit [Hutchinson 1856] new information on Pointer & Retriever …
  • … Annal des Sc. Nat. 4 th  Series. Bot. Vol 6 [Naudin 1856]. Read Notes to Jardine & …
  • … 1855 Sept. Tegetmeier on Poultry [Tegetmeier 1856–7] —— 27 th . Mem. de l’Acad. …
  • … Das Ganze der Landwirttschaft [Kirchhof 1835].— 1856. Jan 10 th  G. Colin Traite de …
  • … [Rudolphi 1812] [DAR 128: 16] 1856 Jan 21. Huc’s Chinese Empire [Huc …
  • … Mar 1 Veith Naturgeschichte Haussaugethiere [Veith 1856].— 3 d  Knox Races of Man.— 1850 [R …
  • … 1741–55] d[itt]o [DAR 128: 17] 1856 . Jan 28. Watt’s Life by Muirhead …
  • … [Pepys 1848–9]— April 21 Sandwitt Kars [Sandwith 1856]. [DAR 128: 18] March …
  • … 1851–6] —— Wollaston on Variation [Wollaston 1856] F. Smith on Apidæ [F. Smith 1855] …
  • … 1835 [H. C. Watson 1835] [DAR 128: 20] 1856 June 26. Davis J. Barnard. …
  • … 1855] —— 19 Von Tschudi Alpine life [Tschudi 1856] 30. Brehm Handbuch Vogel …
  • … 1857 Nov. 15. Andersson Lake Gnami [Andersson 1856] —— 26 Slightly skimmed Forbes …
  • … 1765] Oct. 23. Tracings of Iceland Chambers [Chambers 1856]. —— Mansfield Travels in …
  • … 2 vols July D r . Kane’s Arctic Voyage [Kane 1856] Sept. 12. Ch. Napiers Life …
  • … rubbish yet amusing Nov. 15. Tender & True [Spence] 1856]: H. Coverdale [Smedley [1854–6] …
  • … Travels I ever read) Sept. Froude Henry VIII [Froude 1856]. 4 vols very interesting. …
  • … —— 16 Zoologist [ Zoologist ]. up Vol. 14. 1856 May 9 th  Voyage au Pol. Sud. Consid. Gen …
  • … 1859 Feb. 28 Olmstead S. States [Olmsted 1856] (excellent) March 21. Mill on Liberty …
  • … The revised edition of Johnston’s  Physical atlas  (1856) included ‘Map of the distribution of …
  • … 113  The  Cottage Gardener  ceased publication in 1856. 114  CD marked this entry …
  • … vols. London.  119: 14a Andersson, Carl Johan. 1856.  Lake Ngami; or, explorations and   …
  • … [Darwin Library.]  119: 20a; *128: 173 ——. 1856.  Tracings of Iceland and the Faröe …
  • … [Other eds.]  119: 9a Chesterton, George Laval. 1856.  Revelations of prison life;   …
  • … 128: 5 Davis, Joseph Barnard and Thurnam, John. 1856–65.  Crania   Britannica. …
  • … Three visits to Madagascar during   the years 1853, 1854, 1856 . London.  128: 24 …
  • … . Lundæ.  *119: 5v. Froude, James Anthony. 1856.  History of England from the   fall of …

Before Origin: the ‘big book’

Summary

Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles (Darwin's Journal). He had long considered the question of species. In 1842, he outlined a theory of transmutation in a…

Matches: 9 hits

  • … naturalist Edward Forbes. Darwin declared to Hooker in July 1856 ‘y ou continental extensionists …
  • … of his old friend, the geologist Charles Lyell, who, in May 1856, twenty months after Darwin had …
  • … urgency to publish and, following Lyell’s advice in May 1856, began to write a sketch his theory. ‘I …
  • … without full details. ’ Writing to his cousin Fox in June 1856, Darwin openly confessed his fears …
  • … work ’ he had ‘desisted’. By November 1856, he had both good and bad news to report to Lyell: ‘ …
  • … press. Although Darwin had decided in the autumn of 1856 to write only from the materials he …
  • … wrote ten and a half chapters of his Big Book between May 1856 and June 1858. With a total of …
  • … length ’, he had complained to Hooker in December 1856. By mid-1858, only the first chapter on …
  • … being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858 (Cambridge University …

Thomas Henry Huxley

Summary

Dubbed “Darwin’s bulldog” for his combative role in controversies over evolution, Huxley was a leading Victorian zoologist, science popularizer, and education reformer. He was born in Ealing, a small village west of London, in 1825. With only two years of…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Owen, and Louis Agassiz (see letters to J. D. Hooker, 9 May 1856 and 21 May 1856). But he considered …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Letter 1836  - Berkeley, M. J. to Darwin, [7 March 1856] Clergyman and botanist …
  • … Letter 1836  - Berkeley, M. J. to Darwin, [7 March 1856] Clergyman and botanist Miles …

4.16 Joseph Simms, physiognomy

Summary

< Back to Introduction In September 1874, the American doctor Joseph Simms, then on a three-year lecture tour of Britain, sent Darwin a copy of his book, Nature’s Revelations of Character; Or, Physiognomy Illustrated. He was seeking a public…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … of the human form’, Quarterly Review , 99:198 (Sept. 1856), pp. 452-491. Joseph Simms, Nature’s …

Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small

Summary

In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … to me’ ( letter to E. W. V. Harcourt, 24 June [1856] ). In a follow-up letter, Darwin hinted at …

Hermann Müller

Summary

Hermann (Heinrich Ludwig Hermann) Müller, was born in Mühlberg near Erfurt in 1829. He was the younger brother of Fritz Müller (1822–97). Following the completion of his secondary education at Erfurt in 1848, he studied natural sciences at Halle and Berlin…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … it was the subject of his first scientific paper (Müller 1856). In the autumn of 1855, Müller …

Scientific Networks

Summary

Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Letter 1979 — Darwin, C. R. to Lubbock, John, 27 Oct [1856] Darwin provides detailed …

Correlation of growth: deaf blue-eyed cats, pigs, and poison

Summary

As he was first developing his ideas, among the potential problems Darwin recognised with natural selection was how to account for developmental change that conferred no apparent advantage.  He proposed a ‘mysterious law’ of ‘correlation of growth’ where…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … to write up a ‘preliminary essay’ on his views in 1856, he went back to Fox to check his facts, …
  • … the African explorer and army surgeon William Daniell in 1856 was probably in reply to such a …

3.2 Maull and Polyblank photo 1

Summary

< Back to Introduction The rise of professional photographic studios in the mid nineteenth century was a key factor in the shaping of Darwinian iconography, but Darwin’s relationship with these firms was from the start a cautious and sometimes a…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … burgeoned into a multi-faceted commercial enterprise: by 1856 Maull and Polyblank were offering …
  • … and photography: portrait publications in Great Britain, 1856-1900’, PhD thesis, University of Texas …

Begins 'Natural Selection'

Summary

Darwin begins writing his 'big book', Natural Selection. The book was never finished, but later formed the basis for On the Origin of Species

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Darwin begins writing his 'big book', Natural Selection. The book was never finished, but …

Language: key letters

Summary

How and why language evolved bears on larger questions about the evolution of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the development of human speech from animal sounds in The Descent of Man (1871),…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … The origin of language was investigated in a wide range of disciplines in the nineteenth century. …
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