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From Fritz Müller   21 January 1879

Summary

Has lately found frog that has eggs on its back.

Pupae of caddis-flies living on rocks have lost fringe of hairs on their feet. In species that live in the water these are used for swimming.

Author:  Johann Friedrich Theodor (Fritz) Müller
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  21 Jan 1879
Classmark:  Nature, 20 March 1879, pp. 463–4
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-11839

Matches: 1 hit

  • … to J. D. Hooker, [early December 1856] , and letter from J. D. Hooker, [early December …

From H. C. Watson   20 June 1856

Summary

Conveys [? J. T. I. Boswell-]Syme’s opinion of variability of agrarian weeds and ranges of species common to U. S. and W. Europe. The Hispano-Hibernian connection.

Author:  Hewett Cottrell Watson
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  20 June 1856
Classmark:  DAR 181: 34
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1907

Matches: 1 hit

  • … See letter from H.  C. Watson, 10 June 1856 , and letter to H.  C. Watson, [after 10 June …

To W. D. Fox   8 February [1857]

Summary

Birth of his sixth son [C. W. Darwin]. It is dreadful "to think of all the sendings to school and the professions afterwards".

CD is not well but has not the courage for water-cure again; trying mineral acids.

Working hard on the book [Natural selection]; is overwhelmed with riches in facts and interested in way facts fall into groups.

To his surprise [Helix pomatia] has withstood 14 days in salt water.

Pigeons’ skins come in from all parts of the world.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Darwin Fox
Date:  8 Feb [1857]
Classmark:  Christ’s College Library, Cambridge (MS 53 Fox 110)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2049

Matches: 2 hits

  • … letter to J.  D. Hooker, 10 December [1856] , and letter from T.  V. Wollaston, [11 or 18  …
  • 1856. CD had administered chloroform to Emma Darwin during previous labours (see Correspondence vol.  4, letters

From J. D. Hooker   [early December 1856]

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Summary

Podostemaceae flowering under water.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [early Dec 1856]
Classmark:  DAR 100: 149
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1966

Matches: 2 hits

  • … written on the letter (see letter to Hooker, [early December 1856] , n.  5) and may have …
  • … by its relationship to the letter to J.  D. Hooker, [early December 1856] . It seems to …

To William Bernhard Tegetmeier   17 January [1858]

Summary

Has received Burmese fowls’ skins from Walter Elliot.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Bernhard Tegetmeier
Date:  17 Jan [1858]
Classmark:  Archives of the New York Botanical Garden (Charles Finney Cox Collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2205

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Correspondence vol.  6, letter to Walter Elliot, 23 January 1856 ). CD received one …
  • … 1857 ( ibid. vol.  6, letters to W.  B.Tegetmeier, 3 November [1856] and to J.  D. Hooker, …
  • letter to W.  B. Tegetmeier, 14 April [1858] , that this was a mistake. CD had asked Walter Elliot , a member of the council of the governor of Madras, to send him skins of domestic pigeons and poultry in 1856 ( …

To J. D. Dana   29 September [1856]

Summary

Thanks JDD for replies to queries [in 1925]; would like to know whether teeth of cave rat are of New or Old World type.

Wishes Louis Agassiz would publish his theory of parallels of geological and embryological development. "I wish to believe but have not seen nearly enough as yet to make me a disciple."

Is working hard on variations and origin of species, but fears it will be a couple of years before he publishes.

Describes his recent work on rabbits and pigeons.

The dispersal of land Mollusca is a most difficult problem.

Confesses he is sceptical of immutability of species; discusses difficulty of proving it.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  James Dwight Dana
Date:  29 Sept [1856]
Classmark:  Yale University Library: Manuscripts and Archives (Dana Family Papers (MS 164) Series 1, Box 2, folder 44)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1964

Matches: 5 hits

  • … selection , p.  556). In his letter of 8 September 1856 Dana expressed doubt whether it …
  • … letter from J.  D. Dana, 8 September 1856 . Letter from J.  D. Dana, 8 September 1856 . In …
  • … Buchanan was elected. See letter to J.  A. H. de Bosquet, 9 September [1856] and n. 3. …
  • … Library–CUL. See also letter to P.  H. Gosse, 28 September 1856 . [Chambers] 1844 . Lyell’ …
  • 1856 presidential elections of the United States were about to be held. The Democratic nominee was James Buchanan (minister to Great Britain, 1853–6), who wrote regular letters

From J. D. Hooker   [16 November 1856]

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Summary

JDH not happy with CD’s explanation of the absence of north temperate forms in the Southern Hemisphere, given his explanation for the spread of sub-arctic forms to the south. [CD’s note is in response to JDH’s criticism.]

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [16 Nov 1856]
Classmark:  DAR 100: 162–3
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1622

Matches: 3 hits

  • … The Sunday after the letter to J.  D. Hooker, 15 November [1856] . See letter to J.  D. …
  • … Hooker, 15 November [1856] . This note follows the letter in DAR 100: 163. In Natural …
  • … and animals. See letter to J.  D. Hooker, 18 November [ 1856] , and J.  Browne 1983 . …

To Bernard Peirce Brent   7 February [1857]

Summary

Sympathises with Brent’s legal difficulties. Declines offer of a cock silk fowl, but accepts offer of a German old fashioned pouter pigeon.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Bernard Peirce Brent
Date:  7 Feb [1857]
Classmark:  Richard Brent (private collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2048F

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Correspondence vol.  6, letter to W.  D.  Fox, 3 January [1856] , and letter to W.  B.   …
  • letter to W.  B. Tegetmeier, 11 February [1857] ). CD had begun writing his species book, or what he sometimes called his ‘Book on Variation’, in 1856, …
  • 1856] ). See Variation 1: 270 for CD’s interest in the flight of silk fowls. Brent was a regular contributor to the Cottage Gardener. For CD’s request to William Bernhard Tegetmeier for German pouter pigeons, see Correspondence vol.  6, letter

To W. B. Tegetmeier   28 [September 1856]

Summary

Specifies pigeons in which he is interested. Has become almost more interested in rabbits than anything else.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Bernhard Tegetmeier
Date:  28 [Sept 1856]
Classmark:  Archives of the New York Botanical Garden (Charles Finney Cox Collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2068

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Post Office London directory 1856). See letters to W.  B. Tegetmeier, 20 March [1856] , …
  • … relationship to the letter to W.  B. Tegetmeier, 21 September [1856] . John Bailey Jr of …

To J. D. Hooker   22 June [1856]

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Summary

CD sends reference for "Laburnum case", with comment on his own credulity.

Wants to quote JDH on plants endemic to NW. America.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  22 June [1856]
Classmark:  DAR 114: 165
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1908

Matches: 3 hits

  • … of the plant. See also letter to J.  D. Hooker, 8 September [1856] . See letter to J.  D. …
  • … Hooker, 17–18 [June 1856] . See letter from J.  D. Hooker, [26 June or 3 July 1856] . This …
  • … relationship to the letter to J.  D. Hooker, 17–18 [June 1856] . CD refers to Christian …

To W. B. Tegetmeier   12 [May 1857]

Summary

Accepts a dozen eggs of rumpless Polands. Having so many enables him to see whether the breed "comes true".

Asks what colour turbits have dark tails – "it is just the class of facts which interest me".

Do fowls when crossed throw odd and unexpected colours like pigeons?

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Bernhard Tegetmeier
Date:  12 [May 1857]
Classmark:  Archives of the New York Botanical Garden (Charles Finney Cox Collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2090

Matches: 3 hits

  • … true. CD had sent Tegetmeier a pair of Scanderoons in August 1856 (see letter to W.  B. …
  • … Tegetmeier ed. 1856–7, issued in parts. Dixon 1848 . See letter to W.  B. Tegetmeier, 18  …
  • 1856] ). According to Eaton 1852 , it was not easy to tell Scanderoon cocks from hens: ‘in this point the best and oldest Fanciers have been sometimes deceived’. See letter

To J. D. Hooker   9 October [1856]

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Summary

CD coming to London.

Read JDH’s review [Hooker’s Kew J. Bot. 8 (1856): 54–64 et seq.] of Alphonse de Candolle’s Géographie botanique raisonnée [1855] long ago.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  9 Oct [1856]
Classmark:  DAR 114: 180
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1971

Matches: 2 hits

  • … stayed when in London. [J.  D. Hooker] 1856. See letters to J.  D. Hooker, 5 August [1856] …
  • … the letter were not, however, listed in his experimental records. On 15 October 1856, Emma …

From J. D. Dana   8 September 1856

Summary

Responds to CD’s query about the blind fauna of Mammoth Cave.

Gives information from L. Agassiz. Distribution of Crustacea, especially along southern coastlines.

Author:  James Dwight Dana
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  8 Sept 1856
Classmark:  DAR 205.3: 269 (Letters), DAR 162: 38
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1951

Matches: 8 hits

  • … 205.3: 269 (Letters), DAR 162: 38 James Dwight Dana New Haven 8 Sept 1856 Charles Robert …
  • … New York, from 20 to 28 August 1856. Louis Agassiz . See letter to J.  D.  Dana, 14 July [ …
  • … Haven, Sept.  8, 1856. My dear Sir:— I received your most welcome letter a few days before …
  • Letter to J.  D.  Dana, 14 July [1856] ( Correspondence vol.  6). The meeting of the …
  • … 162–3, 285–91. In the letter to J.  D.  Dana, 14 July [1856] ( Correspondence vol.  6), CD …
  • … 1854) to him. In his letter to J.  D.  Dana, 14 July [1856] ( Correspondence vol.  6), CD …
  • … me’ ( Correspondence vol.  6, letter to J.  D.  Dana, 14 July [1856] ). Dana and his wife, …
  • … Frances Hordern in his letter to J.  D.  Dana, 14 July [1856] ( Correspondence vol.  6). …

From H. C. Watson   26 November 1856

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Summary

Responds to CD’s query on Subularia and Limosella. There are discrepancies among authorities on whether Subularia flowers out of water. Limosella certainly flowers out of water.

Author:  Hewett Cottrell Watson
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  26 Nov 1856
Classmark:  DAR 207: 19
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2002

Matches: 3 hits

  • … 2. See letter from George Dickie, 1 December 1856 . George Dickie was professor of natural …
  • … See letter from C.  C. Babington, 22 November 1856 , n.  1. J.  E. Smith 1824–36 , W.   …
  • … the British flora. Koch 1843–4 . See letter from C.  C. Babington, 22 November 1856 , n.   …

To S. P. Woodward   3 June [1856]

Summary

Comments on SPW’s book [Manual of Mollusca (1851–6)].

Mentions questions he has for SPW [see 1890].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Samuel Pickworth Woodward
Date:  3 June [1856]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.129)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1886

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Woodward, 15 May [1856] . Probably letter to S.  P. Woodward, [after 4 June 1856] . Emma …
  • … work on 5 June 1856 ( Correspondence vol.  4, Appendix IV, 128: 18). See letter to S.  P. …

To Charles Lyell   10 November [1856]

Summary

Illnesses of Mrs Horner and Emma Darwin.

Death of Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood.

Mentions work on his "Big Book" [Natural selection].

Remarks on J. A. H. de Bosquet’s discovery of a Chthamalus in the Chalk.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Charles Lyell, 1st baronet
Date:  10 Nov [1856]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.140)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1984

Matches: 2 hits

  • … letter from Charles Lyell, 1–2 May 1856 ). See letter to J.  A. H. de Bosquet, 9  …
  • … in September (see letter to W.  D. Fox, 3 October [1856] ). Lyell had been working for …

From Charles Lyell   1–2 May 1856

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Summary

Urges CD to publish his theory with small part of data.

Corrects names of land shells on list of shells picked up at Down.

Discusses transport of Ancylus from one river-bed to another by water-beetle.

"I hear that when you & Hooker & Huxley & Wollaston got together you made light of all Species & grew more & more unorthodox."

Mentions discussion of old Atlantis by Oswald Heer.

Comments on Helix and Nanina.

Mentions beetle discovered with small bag of eggs of water-spider under wing.

Madeira evidence favours single species birth-place theory.

Author:  Charles Lyell, 1st baronet
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  1–2 May 1856
Classmark:  DAR 205.3: 282
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1862

Matches: 4 hits

  • … Wilson ed. 1970, pp.  56–7). In a letter of 30 April 1856 to Charles James Fox Bunbury , …
  • … ed. 1970, p.  54). In a letter to Bunbury, 30 April 1856 (see n.  7, above), Lyell again …
  • … notes dated 8 May 1856. In a letter to Lyell dated 12 May 1856 (F.  J. Bunbury ed. 1891–3, …
  • … week of April (see letter to T.  H. Huxley, 2 April [1856] , n.  2). Lyell had evidently …

To J. D. Hooker   [16 October 1856]

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Summary

Note accompanying MS of part of chapter 11 ["Geographical distribution"] of Natural selection [1975].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Date:  [16 Oct 1856]
Classmark:  DAR 50: E9
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1965

Matches: 4 hits

  • … 13 October 1856 (‘Journal’; Appendix II) and was read by Hooker by 9 November (see letter
  • … distribution for his book on species (see letters to J.  D. Hooker, 13 July [1856] and …
  • … meet Hooker (see letter to J.  D. Hooker, 28 September [1856] ). Although it is possible …
  • … 28 September [1856] ). The fair copy is now in DAR 14. The date of the letter is that of …

To W. D. Fox   14 June [1856]

Summary

Does not intend to work systematically on cats. Their origin is in doubt and they have been crossed too many ways.

It would be valuable to know whether half-bred ducks are fertile inter se or with a third breed. Is investigating this with pigeons.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  William Darwin Fox
Date:  14 June [1856]
Classmark:  Christ’s College Library, Cambridge (MS 53 Fox 98)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1901

Matches: 2 hits

  • … to John Thompson ? , 26 November [1856]. See letter to W.  D. Fox, 8 [June 1856] . CD’s …
  • … See letter to W.  D. Fox, 8 [June 1856] . CD cited Fox on cats in Variation 2: 329. ‘I …

To T. H. Huxley   13 [December 1856]

Summary

Pleased by what THH says on cement glands and organs in higher Crustacea. Content to be moderately right.

Hopes THH will dissect the Conchoderma.

Asks for cases of organs in which there is no apparent transition from other organs or in which transition can be shown in an unexpected way and for instances of odd and inexplicable connections between parts, such that if one part varies the other varies also.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  13 [Dec 1856]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 44, 375)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2020

Matches: 4 hits

  • … by the relationship to the letter to T.  H. Huxley, 9 December [1856] . Siebold 1857 , the …
  • … p.  372 n.  5. See letter to T.  H. Huxley, 9 December [1856] , n.  7. See Correspondence …
  • … 1852  was discussed in the letter to T.  H. Huxley, 8 July [1856] . Henrietta Anne Huxley …
  • … ed. 1900, 1: 151). See letter to T.  H. Huxley, 1 July [1856] , n.  2. CD was gathering …
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Darwin in letters, 1856-1857: the 'Big Book'

Summary

In May 1856, Darwin began writing up his 'species sketch’ in earnest. During this period, his working life was completely dominated by the preparation of his 'Big Book', which was to be called Natural selection. Using letters are the main…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … On 14 May 1856, Charles Darwin recorded in his journal that he ‘Began by Lyell’s advice  writing …

Darwin and Fatherhood

Summary

Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten children. It is often assumed that Darwin was an exceptional Victorian father. But how extraordinary was he? The Correspondence Project allows an unusually…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Charles Darwin married Emma Wedgwood in 1839 and over the next seventeen years the couple had ten …

Dramatisation script

Summary

Re: Design – Adaptation of the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Asa Gray and others… by Craig Baxter – as performed 25 March 2007

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Re: Design – performance version – 25 March 2007 – 1 Re: Design – Adaptation of the …

Origin

Summary

Darwin’s most famous work, Origin, had an inauspicious beginning. It grew out of his wish to establish priority for the species theory he had spent over twenty years researching. Darwin never intended to write Origin, and had resisted suggestions in 1856…

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  • … Darwin’s most famous work, Origin, had an inauspicious beginning. It grew out of his wish to …

Six things Darwin never said – and one he did

Summary

Spot the fakes! Darwin is often quoted – and as often misquoted. Here are some sayings regularly attributed to Darwin that never flowed from his pen.

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  • … Spot the fakes! Darwin is often quoted – and as often misquoted. Here are some sayings regularly …

Dates of composition of Darwin's manuscript on species

Summary

Many of the dates of letters in 1856 and 1857 were based on or confirmed by reference to Darwin’s manuscript on species (DAR 8--15.1, inclusive; transcribed and published as Natural selection). This manuscript, begun in May 1856, was nearly completed by…

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  • … Many of the dates of letters in 1856 and 1857 were based on or confirmed by reference to Darwin’s …

Women’s scientific participation

Summary

Observers | Fieldwork | Experimentation | Editors and critics | Assistants Darwin’s correspondence helps bring to light a community of women who participated, often actively and routinely, in the nineteenth-century scientific community. Here is a…

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  • … Observers |  Fieldwork |  Experimentation |  Editors and critics  |  Assistants …

Descent

Summary

There are more than five hundred letters associated with the research and writing of Darwin’s book, Descent of man and selection in relation to sex (Descent). They trace not only the tortuous route to eventual publication, but the development of Darwin’s…

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  • … ‘ Our ancestor was an animal which breathed water, had a swim-bladder, a great swimming …

Species and varieties

Summary

On the origin of species by means of natural selection …so begins the title of Darwin’s most famous book, and the reader would rightly assume that such a thing as ‘species’ must therefore exist and be subject to description. But the title continues, …or…

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  • … On the origin of species by means of natural selection …so begins the title of Darwin’s most …

Darwin’s reading notebooks

Summary

In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…

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  • … In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to …

Darwin in letters, 1882: Nothing too great or too small

Summary

In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and for the first time in decades he was not working on another book. He remained active in botanical research, however. Building on his recent studies in plant…

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  • … In 1882, Darwin reached his 74th year Earthworms had been published the previous October, and …

Before Origin: the ‘big book’

Summary

Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles (Darwin's Journal). He had long considered the question of species. In 1842, he outlined a theory of transmutation in a…

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  • … Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his …

Scientific Networks

Summary

Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…

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  • … Friendship | Mentors | Class | Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific …

Thomas Henry Huxley

Summary

Dubbed “Darwin’s bulldog” for his combative role in controversies over evolution, Huxley was a leading Victorian zoologist, science popularizer, and education reformer. He was born in Ealing, a small village west of London, in 1825. With only two years of…

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  • … Dubbed “Darwin’s bulldog” for his combative role in controversies over evolution, Huxley was a …

Darwin in letters, 1863: Quarrels at home, honours abroad

Summary

At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of The variation of animals and plants under domestication, anticipating with excitement the construction of a hothouse to accommodate his increasingly varied botanical experiments…

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  • … At the start of 1863, Charles Darwin was actively working on the manuscript of  The variation of …

Darwin in letters, 1872: Job done?

Summary

'My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, 'is so nearly closed. . .  What little more I can do, shall be chiefly new work’, and the tenor of his correspondence throughout the year is one of wistful reminiscence, coupled with a keen eye…

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  • … ‘My career’, Darwin wrote towards the end of 1872, ‘is so nearly closed. . .  What little more I …

4.16 Joseph Simms, physiognomy

Summary

< Back to Introduction In September 1874, the American doctor Joseph Simms, then on a three-year lecture tour of Britain, sent Darwin a copy of his book, Nature’s Revelations of Character; Or, Physiognomy Illustrated. He was seeking a public…

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  • … < Back to Introduction In September 1874, the American doctor Joseph Simms, then on a …

Language: key letters

Summary

How and why language evolved bears on larger questions about the evolution of the human species, and the relationship between man and animals. Darwin presented his views on the development of human speech from animal sounds in The Descent of Man (1871),…

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  • … The origin of language was investigated in a wide range of disciplines in the nineteenth century. …

Hermann Müller

Summary

Hermann (Heinrich Ludwig Hermann) Müller, was born in Mühlberg near Erfurt in 1829. He was the younger brother of Fritz Müller (1822–97). Following the completion of his secondary education at Erfurt in 1848, he studied natural sciences at Halle and Berlin…

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  • … Hermann (Heinrich Ludwig Hermann) Müller, was born in Mühlberg near Erfurt in 1829. He was the …

Darwin in letters, 1858-1859: Origin

Summary

The years 1858 and 1859 were, without doubt, the most momentous of Darwin’s life. From a quiet rural existence filled with steady work on his ‘big book’ on species, he was jolted into action by the arrival of an unexpected letter from Alfred Russel Wallace…

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  • … The years 1858 and 1859 were, without doubt, the most momentous of Darwin’s life. From a quiet …
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