From C. C. Babington 30 January 1862
Summary
Encloses seeds.
Lecoq’s work mentions instances of apparent dimorphism. [H. Lecoq, Études sur la géographie botanique de l’Europe, 9 vols. (1854–8).]
Author: | Charles Cardale Babington |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 30 Jan 1862 |
Classmark: | DAR 160.1: 2 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3422 |
To Charles Lyell 1 October [1862]
Summary
Mentions a discussion of man by Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire in his Histoire naturelle générale [1854–62].
Mentions a book by Friedrich Rolle [Ch. Darwin’s Lehre von der Entstehung der Arten (1863)].
Cites evolutionary statements on elephants by Hugh Falconer and notes Falconer’s objection to natural selection.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Charles Lyell, 1st baronet |
Date: | 1 Oct [1862] |
Classmark: | American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.282) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3747 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … Hilaire in his Histoire naturelle générale [1854–62]. Mentions a book by Friedrich Rolle [ …
- … Bibliography Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Isidore. 1854–62. Histoire naturelle générale des …
- … CD refers to Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1854–62 , 2: 167–261, in which the author concluded …
- … he referred to Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1854–62 as providing ‘an elaborate and faithful …
To C. C. Babington 1 February [1862]
Summary
Thanks for seeds.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Charles Cardale Babington |
Date: | 1 Feb [1862] |
Classmark: | Cambridge University Library (MS Add.8182: 23) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3432 |
From John Hutton Balfour 14 January 1862
Summary
Thanks for Primula paper [Collected papers 2: 45–63]; will examine some [Edinburgh] Botanic Garden samples in its light.
Huxley visiting Edinburgh and spoke on man’s zoological relations with monkeys [see Man’s place in nature (1863)]. JHB disagrees with his views.
Author: | John Hutton Balfour |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 14 Jan 1862 |
Classmark: | DAR 160.1: 31 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3387 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … London. [Vols. 3,10] Whately, Richard. 1854. On the origin of civilisation. A lecture by …
- … Association. London. Whewell, William. 1854. Of the plurality of worlds: an essay. Also a …
- … Humboldt and Bonpland 1819–29, 3: 208, Whately 1831 , pp. 119–200, Whately 1854 , and …
- … Whewell 1854 , pp. 166–90 (especially p. 189). On Richard Whately’s degenerationist …
To C. C. Babington 20 January [1862]
Summary
Discusses Stellaria and other plants said to be dimorphic.
Asks for plants he wants for experiments.
Preparing a little book on Orchids.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Charles Cardale Babington |
Date: | 20 Jan [1862] |
Classmark: | Cambridge University Library (MS Add.8182: 22) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3397 |
Matches: 4 hits
- … grass-like starwort) on p. 313 n. Lecoq 1854–8 , 7: 391. There is an annotated copy of …
- … Leipzig: Gebhardt & Reisland. Lecoq, Henri. 1854–8. Études sur la géographie botanique de …
- … is ambiguous. He began reading Lecoq 1854–8 in December 1861 (see Correspondence vol. 9, …
- … Pyrola and Polemonium are discussed in Lecoq 1854–8 , 7: 356–62 and 413–14, respectively, …
From J. D. Hooker 20 September 1862
Summary
Asks his opinion of A. C. Ramsay’s glacial lake theory. Encloses Julius Haast’s communication on glacial phenomena.
Author: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 20 Sept 1862 |
Classmark: | DAR 101: 58, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Director’s Correspondence 174 (New Zealand letters, 1854–1900): 273) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3731 |
From C. W. Crocker 24 November 1862
Summary
Answers on Begonia.
Snapdragon crossing experiments.
Thanks for offer of plants.
Author: | Charles William Crocker |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 24 Nov 1862 |
Classmark: | DAR 161.2: 259 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3824 |
To W. E. Darwin 9 July [1862]
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | William Erasmus Darwin |
Date: | 9 July [1862] |
Classmark: | DAR 185: 11 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3649 |
To Asa Gray 22 January [1862]
Summary
Dimorphism: "new cases are tumbling in almost daily".
U. S. politics.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 22 Jan [1862] |
Classmark: | Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (74) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3404 |
From Charles Cardale Babington 17 January 1862
Summary
Thanks CD for his Primula paper [Collected papers 2: 45–63].
Asks if CD has observed the true oxlip (Primula elatior).
Comments on Hottonia and Stellaria graminea. [See Forms of flowers, pp. 72, 313.]
Author: | Charles Cardale Babington |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 17 Jan 1862 |
Classmark: | DAR 110 (ser. 2): 58–9 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3393 |
To Asa Gray 1 July [1862]
Summary
Thanks for notes on Cypripedium and Platanthera hookeri, which is really beautiful and quite a new case.
His son, George, has been observing the insect fertilisation of orchids.
CD has been crossing peloric flowers of Pelargonium, but doubts he will get good results with respect to sterility of hybrids.
Rhexia glandulosa does not appear to be dimorphic. Lythrum is trimorphic.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Asa Gray |
Date: | 1 July [1862] |
Classmark: | Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (69) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3634 |
To T. H. Huxley 14 [January 1862]
Summary
On success of THH’s Edinburgh lectures.
Agrees that THH is right that the hybrid question is a "hiatus" [in the argument for natural selection] but he overrates it. Crossed varieties frequently produce sterile offspring. On this question asks THH to read his Primula paper [Collected papers 2: 45–63]. CD suspects sterility will come to be viewed as a selected character.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Thomas Henry Huxley |
Date: | 14 [Jan 1862] |
Classmark: | Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 167) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3386 |
To Daniel Oliver 13 October [1862]
Summary
Requests Linum, for dimorphism study.
Reviewer of Orchids [Nat. Hist. Rev. n.s. 2 (1862): 371–6]is correct about the organisation of the book; he wonders who the reviewer is.
Author: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Addressee: | Daniel Oliver |
Date: | 13 Oct [1862] |
Classmark: | DAR 261.10: 37 (EH 88206020), 261.10: 66 (EH 88206049) |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3758 |
From J. D. Hooker 7 November 1862
Summary
JDH admits he wrote Gardeners’ Chronicle and Natural History Review articles on orchids [Gard. Chron. (1862): 789–90, 863, 910; Nat. Hist. Rev. n.s. 2 (1862): 371–6].
JDH’s objections to CD’s idea of how Greenland was repopulated. Temperate Greenland has as Arctic a flora as Arctic Greenland – a fact of astounding force. Why should certain Scandinavian species be absent? Migration by sea-currents can no more account for the present distribution in Greenland than can special creation.
Author: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 7 Nov 1862 |
Classmark: | DAR 101: 68–9, 73–4 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3797 |
From A. R. Wallace [after 20 August 1862]
Summary
Would be pleased to have third edition of Origin.
Is unwell and dreads the winter.
Author: | Alfred Russel Wallace |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | [after 20 Aug 1862] |
Classmark: | DAR 181 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3694 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … expedition in the Malay Archipelago since 1854 ( Wallace 1905 ). His name appears on CD’s …
From J. D. Hooker 28 June 1862
Summary
M. J. Berkeley wrote London Review & Wkly J. Polit. article.
CD is "out of sight the best physiological observer and experimenter that Botany ever saw".
Laments how much he [JDH] missed when doing the Listera ["Functions and structure of the rostellum of Listera ovata", Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 144 (1854): 259–64].
Illness of wife and father.
"More plants from Fernando Po and more European".
Author: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 28 June 1862 |
Classmark: | DAR 101: 42–3 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3624 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … ovata ", Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 144 (1854): 259–64]. Illness of wife and father. " …
From J. D. Hooker [19 January 1862]
Summary
JDH castigates the Americans after the Trent affair. The value of an aristocracy. How will CD answer Asa Gray’s letter?
His "remarkable plant" [Welwitschia mirabilis] exhibited at Linnean Society.
Genera plantarum is in press.
Author: | Joseph Dalton Hooker |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | [19 Jan 1862] |
Classmark: | DAR 101: 8–11 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3395 |
From Société Impériale Zoologique d’Acclimatation 10 January 1862
Author: | Société Impériale Zoologique d’Acclimatation |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 10 Jan 1862 |
Classmark: | DAR 96: 11v |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3379 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … by Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire in 1854. CD was admitted to membership at the meeting of …
From C. V. Naudin 26 June 1862
Summary
Thanks for Orchids.
Plans to publish soon on hybrids.
Author: | Charles Victor Naudin |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 26 June 1862 |
Classmark: | DAR 172.1: 6 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3621 |
From Searles Valentine Wood 18 February 1862
Summary
Variation in Mollusca. The most abundant forms vary most.
Author: | Searles Valentine Wood |
Addressee: | Charles Robert Darwin |
Date: | 18 Feb 1862 |
Classmark: | DAR 181: 144 |
Letter no: | DCP-LETT-3452 |
Matches: 1 hit
- … arithmetic and the ‘principle of divergence’, 1854–1858. Journal of the History of Biology …
letter | (26) |
Darwin, C. R. | (12) |
Hooker, J. D. | (4) |
Babington, C. C. | (2) |
Balfour, J. H. | (1) |
Crocker, C. W. | (1) |
Darwin, C. R. | (14) |
Babington, C. C. | (2) |
Gray, Asa | (2) |
Hooker, J. D. | (2) |
Lyell, Charles | (2) |
Darwin, C. R. | (26) |
Hooker, J. D. | (6) |
Babington, C. C. | (4) |
Gray, Asa | (3) |
Lyell, Charles | (2) |
Darwin in letters, 1851-1855: Death of a daughter
Summary
The letters from these years reveal the main preoccupations of Darwin’s life with a new intensity. The period opens with a family tragedy in the death of Darwin’s oldest and favourite daughter, Anne, and it shows how, weary and mourning his dead child,…
Matches: 5 hits
- … cirripedes and culminated in Living Cirripedia (1854) and Fossil Cirripedia (1854), again …
- … series of letters pertaining to the Royal Society. In April 1854, when his cirripede study was …
- … indicated by his comment in a letter to Hooker on 29 [May 1854] : ‘Very far from disagreeing with …
- … Back to species theory In September 1854, as soon as the final proofs of the last barnacle …
- … do as I wish it Throughout the correspondence of 1854 and 1855, the overwhelming …
Darwin and Down
Summary
Charles and Emma Darwin, with their first two children, settled at Down House in the village of Down (later ‘Downe’) in Kent, as a young family in 1842. The house came with eighteen acres of land, and a fifteen acre meadow. The village combined the…
Matches: 1 hits
- … [24 July 1842] To P. G. King, 21 February 1854 : ‘I live in the country about 16 miles …
Scientific Practice
Summary
Specialism|Experiment|Microscopes|Collecting|Theory Letter writing is often seen as a part of scientific communication, rather than as integral to knowledge making. This section shows how correspondence could help to shape the practice of science, from…
Darwin’s reading notebooks
Summary
In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…
Matches: 23 hits
- … [Wellesley 1832] Sir. W. Nott’s Life [W. Nott 1854].— [DAR *119: 15v.] From …
- … de la Boheme [Barrande 1852–1911] must be deeply studied 1854 The Zoologist by E. Newman [ …
- … [Pepys 1825] (Read).— Sir W. Notts life [W. Nott 1854] read [DAR *128: 177] …
- … r . Nott & Gliddon: Trübner & Co [J. C. Nott and Gliddon 1854] (read) A Lecture by …
- … not published but reported fully in Literary Gazette Sept 30 1854 91 Agricult. Journal …
- … d’un Naturaliste A. de Quatrefages [Quatrefages de Bréau 1854]. (light reading) (??) read …
- … Domestic animals. 94 Lloyd Scandinavian Adventures 1854 [L. Lloyd 1854]. praised in …
- … sur les Migration des Vegetaux 4 to Pamphlet [Godron 1854] (read) Journal of Asiatic Soc. …
- … specially of central platform of France 8 fr. [Lecoq 1854–8] Read Journal de la Soc. Imp. d …
- … Sir J. Lubbock. member Ferguson on Poultry [Ferguson 1854], recommended by M r Brent, but …
- … D r . Badham “Ancient & Modern Tattle” on Fish [Badham 1854]. M r Tegetmeier says very …
- … (read) From Nott & Gliddon [J. C. Nott and Gliddon 1854] Roselini Monumenta [ …
- … Carboniferous strata, translated in Bull. General [Heer 1854].— Hooker has it.— Very important …
- … I ought to read Murchinson’s Siluria [Murchison 1854]— I must read it. & buy it.— …
- … W. R. Wilde in Dublin University Magazine early month of 1854 on food of Irish. ( Pig ) [Wilde] …
- … translated into French by Gaudin—with additions [Heer 1854]. Archives du Museum [ Archives …
- … Himmalaya [T. Thomson 1852] [DAR 128: 7] 1854 Jan 11 th . Pulsky Red, …
- … 1848]. March 7 th . Hooker’s Himmalaya [Hooker 1854].— —— 23 Stansbury. Exploration …
- … July 3 d . Sir B. B. Psychological Essays [Brodie] 1854] —— Duval Histoire du Pommier, …
- … Isidore Geoffroy St. Hilaire [I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1854–62] Tome I [DAR 128: 9] …
- … Williams Missionary in T. del Fuego [Hamilton 1854] March 28 th . Sir G. Stephens Lectures …
- … Richardson 1784] (poor) [DAR 128: 10] 1854. Microscopical Journal [ …
- … 1855. Wollastons Insecta Maderensia [Wollaston 1854] —— Johnston Physical Atlas [A. K. …
Darwin and the Church
Summary
The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It shows another side of the man who is more often remembered for his personal struggles with faith, or for his role in large-scale controversies over the…
Living and fossil cirripedia
Summary
Darwin published four volumes on barnacles, the crustacean sub-class Cirripedia, between 1851 and 1854, two on living species and two on fossil species. Written for a specialist audience, they are among the most challenging and least read of Darwin’s works…
Matches: 5 hits
- … on the crustacean sub-class Cirripedia between 1851 and 1854, two on living species and two on …
- … in manuscript form to the Ray Society at the beginning of 1854 , where it took longer than the ‘ …
- … to tell his friend Thomas Henry Huxley in early September 1854, ‘ My second volume on the …
- … Society; the monograph itself was printed in 1854. This volume appears not to have been discussed …
- … but he wrote to the Palaeontographical Society in February 1854 and the society confirmed that he …
Darwin in letters, 1847-1850: Microscopes and barnacles
Summary
Darwin's study of barnacles, begun in 1844, took him eight years to complete. The correspondence reveals how his interest in a species found during the Beagle voyage developed into an investigation of the comparative anatomy of other cirripedes and…
Matches: 3 hits
- … sub-class of Crustacea, Living Cirripedia (1851, 1854) and Fossil Cirripedia (1851, 1854). …
- … spermatozoa’ attached to the female (Living Cirripedia (1854): 23). Darwin had previously worked out …
- … from monoecious forms (Living Cirripedia (1851): 214; (1854): 29, 528 n.) and, at another level, to …
Darwin’s study of the Cirripedia
Summary
Darwin’s work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed problems for historians. Coming between his transmutation notebooks and the Origin of species, it has frequently been interpreted as a digression from Darwin’s species work. Yet…
Matches: 13 hits
- … Darwin’s work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed problems for historians. …
- … In both volumes of Living Cirripedia (1851 and 1854), Darwin devoted an introductory section to …
- … was best placed among the Lepadidae ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 527–8).^1^1^ Both …
- … segments are quite aborted . . . ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 562–3) Indeed, …
- … be the most natural arrangement. ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 588) The fact that the …
- … with his figure of the mature animal ( Living Cirripedia (1854), Plate XXV). Throughout …
- … (1851): 37–8) In Living Cirripedia (1854), Darwin ventured to suggest the possible …
- … by a new and anomalous course. ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 151–2) Crisp (1983) has …
- … from bisexuality to unisexuality. ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 29)^16^ Darwin’s …
- … merely varieties (Southward 1983). In Living Cirripedia (1854), Darwin clearly stated the …
- … be found eminently variable. ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 155) One of the first …
- … a very direct and curious manner’ ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 529). Modern systematists place …
- … nature was demonstrated.’ ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 555). See also Rachootin 1984, pp. 235–6. …
3.2 Maull and Polyblank photo 1
Summary
< Back to Introduction The rise of professional photographic studios in the mid nineteenth century was a key factor in the shaping of Darwinian iconography, but Darwin’s relationship with these firms was from the start a cautious and sometimes a…
Matches: 4 hits
- … the start a cautious and sometimes a difficult one. In 1854-5 the newly established firm of Henry …
- … who thought that ‘it was probably taken in the year 1854, but he had never seen it’. A slot in the …
- … Walker, dated 1912; the photograph itself is here dated 1854, and accompanied by a facsimile of …
- … Polyblank, photographers date of creation 1854 or early 1855 computer-readable …
People featured in the Dutch photograph album
Summary
Here is a list of people that appeared in the photograph album Darwin received for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from scientific admirers in the Netherlands. Many thanks to Hester Loeff for identifying and researching them. No. …
Matches: 6 hits
- … Dramatist 23 Middelburg 20 june 1854 Middelburg 13 october …
- … Deventer 11 september 1854 Deventer 8 march 1936 Haarlem …
- … Phil.nat.cand Leiden 18 july 1854 Batavia 8 march 1896 …
- … University. Utrecht 16 april 1854 Amsterdam 4 january 1928 …
- … Phil.nat.cand. Utrecht 16 april 1854 Amsterdam 4 january …
- … Phil.nat.stud Leiden 19 august 1854 Oud-Beijerland 23 …
Before Origin: the ‘big book’
Summary
Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles (Darwin's Journal). He had long considered the question of species. In 1842, he outlined a theory of transmutation in a…
People featured in the Dutch photograph album
Summary
List of people appearing in the photograph album Darwin received from scientific admirers in the Netherlands for his birthday on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Hester Loeff for providing this list and for permission to make her research available.…
Matches: 6 hits
- … Dramatist 23 Middelburg 20 June 1854 Middelburg 13 October …
- … Deventer 11 September 1854 Deventer 8 March 1936 Haarlem …
- … Phil.nat.cand Leiden 18 July 1854 Batavia 8 March 1896 …
- … University. Utrecht 16 April 1854 Amsterdam 4 January 1928 …
- … Phil.nat.cand. Utrecht 16 April 1854 Amsterdam 4 January …
- … Phil.nat.stud Leiden 19 August 1854 Oud-Beijerland 23 …
John Murray
Summary
Darwin's most famous book On the origin of species by means of natural selection (Origin) was published on 22 November 1859. The publisher was John Murray, who specialised in non-fiction, particularly politics, travel and science, and had published…
Editorial policy and practice
Summary
Full texts are added to this site four years after the letter is published in the print edition of the Correspondence. Transcriptions are made from the original or a facsimile where these are available. Where they are not, texts are taken from the best…
Matches: 1 hits
- … used in a strict sense. Thus a letter dated ‘after 8 July 1854’ is judged to have been written very …
Joseph Simms
Summary
The American doctor and author of works on physiognomy Joseph Simms wrote to Darwin on 14 September 1874, while he was staying in London. He enclosed a copy of his book Nature’s revelations of character (Simms 1873). He hoped it might 'prove…
Matches: 1 hits
- … in major cities of the US and Canada on physiognomy in 1854. In 1866 he sought training in anatomy …
Scientific Networks
Summary
Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Letter 1585 — Darwin, C. R. to Lubbock, John, [Sept 1854] Darwin sends Lubbock a beetle he …
Darwin’s observations on his children
Summary
Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children, began the research that culminated in his book The Expression of the emotions in man and animals, published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, published in Mind…
Matches: 5 hits
- … of logical thought and language. On 20 May 1854, Darwin again took over the notebook and, …
- … a bit of red glass at the garden) 47v. May 1854. Before tea Ch. asked Lenny P. Have you …
- … give me a kiss if you like”. 48 [74] May 20— 1854.— I saw a pile of sand lying on the lawn …
- … I could not help it awfully”.— 49 June 1854— About 9 months ago, Lenny defined being in …
- … Horace Lenny. When ill with Fever & recovering (Dec 1854) used constantly to ask in the …
Charles Darwin’s letters: a selection 1825-1859
Summary
The letters in this volume span the years from 1825, when Darwin was a student at the University of Edinburgh, to the end of 1859, when the Origin of Species was published. The early letters portray Darwin as a lively sixteen-year-old medical student. Two…
3.3 Maull and Polyblank photo 2
Summary
< Back to Introduction Despite the difficulties that arose in relation to Maull and Polyblank’s first photograph of Darwin, another one was produced, this time showing him in three-quarter view. It was evidently not taken at the same session as the…
Matches: 1 hits
- … Darwin (with a caption querying the date, and suggesting ‘1854?’). It was reproduced …
Asa Gray
Summary
Darwin’s longest running and most significant exchange of correspondence dealing with the subjects of design in nature and religious belief was with the Harvard botanist Asa Gray. Gray was one of Darwin’s leading supporters in America. He was also a…
Matches: 1 hits
- … consisting of about 300 letters written between 1854 and 1881, is now available for the first time. …