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Darwin Correspondence Project
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To J. S. Bowerbank   [8 March 1850]

Summary

Thanks JSB for cirripede specimens. Discusses publication [of Fossil Cirripedia].

Discusses his membership in Palaeontographical Society.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  James Scott Bowerbank
Date:  [8 Mar 1850]
Classmark:  University of London, Senate House Library (AL 44a)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1310

Matches: 8 hits

  • … Sylvanus Charles Thorpe Hanley. CD thanked him in both Living Cirripedia (1854):  277 n. …
  • … and Fossil Cirripedia (1854):  25 n. for providing a reference to a work by Ascanius that …
  • … Bibliography Fossil Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the fossil Balanidæ and Verrucidæ of …
  • … Darwin. London: Palaeontographical Society. 1854. Living Cirripedia (1851): A monograph of …
  • … Ray Society. 1851. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … are described in Living Cirripedia (1854):  447–69, but none that is new or described as …
  • … for B.  perforatus ( Living Cirripedia (1854):  231). William Eling was a dealer in shells …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. Post Office London directory : Post-Office …

To Robert Fitch   11 November [1850]

Summary

Describes progress in illustrating fossil cirripede specimens by J. de C. Sowerby.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Robert Fitch
Date:  11 Nov [1850]
Classmark:  Norwich Castle
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1369

Matches: 6 hits

  • … of the Cirripedia monograph, Living Cirripedia (1851) , Living Cirripedia (1854) , Fossil …
  • … Cirripedia (1854) . Possibly Fitch 1847 , published by the Norfolk and Norwich …
  • … Society 1: 252–4. Fossil Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the fossil Balanidæ and …
  • … Darwin. London: Palaeontographical Society. 1854. Living Cirripedia (1851): A monograph of …
  • … Ray Society. 1851. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. …

To Wilhelm Bernhard Rudolph Hadrian Dunker   20 September 1850

Summary

Thanks for fossil cirripede specimens.

Describes progress on his book [Fossil Cirripedia] and his work on living cirripedes. Asks to borrow specimens.

Comments on book [F. C. L. Koch and Wilhelm Dunker, Norddeutschen Oolithgebildes (1837)].

Sends thanks to Friedrich Adolph Roemer and R. A. Philippi for specimens.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Wilhelm Bernhard Rudolph Hadrian (Wilhelm) Dunker
Date:  20 Sept 1850
Classmark:  Det Kongelige Bibliotek, Copenhagen (NKS 4941 I, 4to)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1359

Matches: 6 hits

  • … vi, fig. 6; cited in Fossil Cirripedia (1851):  53. See Fossil Cirripedia (1854):  8, 9  …
  • … and Living Cirripedia (1854):  193. Pollicipes carinatus , which was described in Fossil …
  • … Society. 1851. Fossil Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the fossil Balanidæ and Verrucidæ …
  • … of Great Britain. By Charles Darwin. London: Palaeontographical Society. 1854. …
  • … Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the …
  • … or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. …

To J. S. Bowerbank   10 September [1850]

Summary

Discusses woodcut illustrations [for Fossil Cirripedia, vol. 1]. Wants species descriptions to be in both Latin and English.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  James Scott Bowerbank; Palaeontographical Society
Date:  10 Sept [1850]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.96)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1353

Matches: 5 hits

  • … separately. CD’s Fossil Cirripedia ( 1851 , 1854 ) was originally issued as the third …
  • … 1851) and the fifth number of volume eight (1854) ( Freeman 1977 , p.  68). CD’s set of …
  • … Society. 1851. Fossil Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the fossil Balanidæ and Verrucidæ …
  • … Darwin. London: Palaeontographical Society. 1854. Freeman, Richard Broke. 1977. The works …
  • … both volumes of Fossil Cirripedia ( 1851 , 1854 ) the specific descriptions are in Latin …

To Louis Agassiz   15 June [1850]

Summary

Thanks LA for presentation copy of his book, Lake Superior [1850].

Comments on species of cirripedes sent by LA and A. A. Gould.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Jean Louis Rodolphe (Louis) Agassiz
Date:  15 June [1850]
Classmark:  Houghton Library, Harvard University (MS Am 1419: 275)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1341

Matches: 5 hits

  • … Bibliography Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. …
  • … The species listed are discussed in Living Cirripedia (1854):  267, 256, 277, and 248. …
  • … Living Cirripedia (1854):  231. …
  • … Chthamalus stellatus and Chelonobia patula ( Living Cirripedia (1854):  455, 390). …

To Wilhelm Dunker   3 March [1850]

Summary

Explains that he is working on recent and fossil Cirripedia, and asks if WD can aid him with specimens of Roemer’s Pollicipes species.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Wilhelm Bernhard Rudolph Hadrian (Wilhelm) Dunker
Date:  3 Mar [1850]
Classmark:  Antiquariat Inlibris (dealers)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1306F

Matches: 6 hits

  • … Society. 1851. Fossil Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the fossil Balanidæ and Verrucidæ …
  • … Darwin. London: Palaeontographical Society. 1854. Koch, Friedrich Carl Ludwig and Dunker, …
  • … work that resulted in the publication of Fossil Cirripedia (1851) and (1854) , and Living …
  • … Cirripedia (1851) and (1854) in 1846 ( Correspondence vol. 4, Appendix II). The …
  • … Ray Society. 1851. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. …

To Albany Hancock   [31 March or 7 April 1850]

Summary

AH may keep CD’s MS as long as he likes.

Comments on various cirripede species. "I mean now to continue at Systematic Part till I have finished."

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Albany Hancock
Date:  [31 Mar or 7 Apr] 1850
Classmark:  The New York Public Library. Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations. The Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature.
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1316

Matches: 4 hits

  • … Darwin Library–CUL. A synonym for Balanus perforatus ( Living Cirripedia (1854):  231). …
  • … Balanus balanoides ( Living Cirripedia (1854):  267). Living Cirripedia (1851):  133. See …
  • … Ray Society. 1851. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. …

To Japetus Steenstrup   1 September [1850]

Summary

Fossil cirripede specimens have arrived.

Describes progress on his monograph [Fossil Cirripedia].

Would be grateful for the paper on Lithotrya. Asks for information.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Johannes Japetus Smith (Japetus) Steenstrup
Date:  1 Sept [1850]
Classmark:  Det Kongelige Bibliotek, Copenhagen (NKS 3460 4to)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1351

Matches: 3 hits

  • … 25 December [1850] . See Fossil Cirripedia (1854):  25 n. Lepas balanus is a synonym of …
  • … Society. 1851. Fossil Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the fossil Balanidæ and Verrucidæ …
  • … Darwin. London: Palaeontographical Society. 1854. Reinhardt, Johannes Theodor. 1850. Om …

To Syms Covington   23 November 1850

Summary

Thanks SC for box of specimens [of cirripedes].

Often wishes he had settled in one of the colonies because of opportunities for his children.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Syms Covington
Date:  23 Nov 1850
Classmark:  Sydney Mail, 9 August 1884, p. 254
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1370

Matches: 5 hits

  • … Press. 1985–. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … Covington’s specimens in Living Cirripedia (1854):  210, 353, 460, 487–90, listing them as …
  • … are described in Living Cirripedia (1854):  487–91. John Clement Wickham, first lieutenant …
  • … or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. …
  • … s Bay in Melbourne. It was completed in 1854. This letter was published by Gavin de Beer …

To Japetus Steenstrup   20 May [1850]

Summary

Describes progress in illustration of fossil cirripede specimens. Thanks for answers to questions. Comments on hermaphroditism. Describes his discovery of parasitic male cirripedes.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Johannes Japetus Smith (Japetus) Steenstrup
Date:  20 May [1850]
Classmark:  Det Kongelige Bibliotek, Copenhagen (NKS 3460 4to)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1330

Matches: 4 hits

  • … By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. Natural selection : Charles Darwin’s Natural …
  • … 4, Appendix IV). Living Cirripedia (1854):  271. CD doubted that animal hermaphrodites …
  • … from Tenby, South Wales ( Living Cirripedia (1854):  101–2). Ibla cumingii and Scalpellum …
  • … Ray Society. 1851. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …

From the Ray Society   [after 7 October 1850]

Summary

"Resolved that the Secretary be requested to ask Mr. Darwin if he would agree to the publication of his work [Living Cirripedia] in parts."

Author:  Ray Society
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  [after 7 Oct 1850]
Classmark:  Natural History Museum, Library and Archives (General Library MSS RAY)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1361

Matches: 4 hits

  • … this request. Living Cirripedia ( 1851 , 1854 ) was published in two volumes, the first in …
  • … pedunculated cirripedes) and the second in 1854 (the sessile cirripedes and Verrucidae). …
  • … Ray Society. 1851. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. …

To Robert Fitch   15 January [1850]

Summary

Discusses fossil cirripede specimens from RF’s collection. Comments on problems of describing their valves.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Robert Fitch
Date:  15 Jan [1850]
Classmark:  Norwich Castle
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1291

Matches: 4 hits

  • … Society. 1851. Fossil Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the fossil Balanidæ and Verrucidæ …
  • … Darwin. London: Palaeontographical Society. 1854. Trenn, Thaddeus J. 1974. Charles Darwin, …
  • … the Second World War. The two volumes of Fossil Cirripedia ( 1851 , 1854 ) were published …
  • … in 1851 and 1854 by the Palaeontographical Society . Fitch’s specimens in the Norwich …

To Edwin Lankester, Ray Society   7 November [1850]

Summary

Has sent G. B. Sowerby Jr some skeleton plates [for vol. 1 of Living Cirripedia] which the Council [of the Ray Society] may also wish to see, along with GBS’s finished drawings. He reminds EL that he has not heard about colour for the plates and adds he has not been told what type should be used; gives estimated lengths of part 1 in different sizes of type (part 2 will be fully twice the size of this). Hopes if the Council does not publish part 1 in 1851 it will publish all in 1852.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Edwin Lankester; Ray Society
Date:  7 Nov [1850]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1367

Matches: 4 hits

  • … Ray Society. 1851. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … 27 October [1850] , n.  3. The second volume of Living Cirripedia ( 1854 ), published …
  • … in 1854, ran to 640 pages and included thirty plates. The reason it is not twice the …
  • … or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. …

To Adam White   [January–March 1850]

Summary

Requests AW to ask Arthur Adams, who is going on a polar expedition to Lancaster Sound, to collect cirripedes.

Asks location of "Cape Rivers".

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Adam White
Date:  [Jan–Mar 1850]
Classmark:  Smithsonian Libraries and Archives (Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology MSS 405 A. Gift of the Burndy Library)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1286

Matches: 3 hits

  • … 2 vols. London. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. Sutherland, Peter Cormack. 1852. Journal of …
  • … Sound is listed in Living Cirripedia (1854):  257 as owned by ‘Mr. Sutherland’, presumably …

To Albany Hancock   [26 January – March 1850]

Summary

Discusses mollusc specimens and related notes sent to AH. Thanks him for cirripede specimens. Discusses various cirripede species.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Albany Hancock
Date:  [26 Jan – Mar 1850]
Classmark:  Archives of the New York Botanical Garden (Charles Finney Cox Collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1311

Matches: 4 hits

  • … using a solvent ( Living Cirripedia (1854):  512–18). Goodsir 1843 . See also letters to …
  • … Ray Society. 1851. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. Porter, Duncan M. 1985. The Beagle collector …
  • … as Verruca strö mia ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 496, 512, 518–20). See CD’s letters to …

To J. de C. Sowerby   [12 or 19 August 1850]

Summary

CD asks for the return of a specimen [to be used for illustration in Fossil Cirripedia (Lepadidae)], so he can do some identifying.

J. S. Bowerbank has again asked on behalf of the Palaeontographical Society what progress has been made.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  James de Carle Sowerby
Date:  [12 or 19] Aug 1850
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1346

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Society. 1851. Fossil Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the fossil Balanidæ and Verrucidæ …
  • … of Great Britain. By Charles Darwin. London: Palaeontographical Society. 1854. …
  • … employing George Brettingham Sowerby Jr to do the drawings for Fossil Cirripedia (1854) . …

From J. D. Hooker   26 November 1850

Summary

Falconer’s misbehaviour.

Geology of Khashia [Khasi] mountains. Speculations on mountain building and origin of Himalayas.

Author:  Joseph Dalton Hooker
Addressee:  Charles Robert Darwin
Date:  26 Nov 1850
Classmark:  Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (India letters 1847–51: 314–15 JDH/1/10)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1371

Matches: 5 hits

  • … s suggestions made on CD. See J.  D. Hooker 1854 , 2: 302–3, in which he discussed the …
  • … of these mountains, see J.  D. Hooker 1854 , 2: 265–325. Samuel Turner , who was one of …
  • … species in that area alone ( J.  D. Hooker 1854 , 2: 323). Described in McClelland 1835 . …
  • … like shell and small crab are found sparingly. ’ ( J.  D. Hooker 1854 , 2: 347). In J.   …
  • … D. Hooker 1854 , 2: 336 n. , Hooker explained his meaning more fully: It is not generally …

To Albany Hancock   12 May [1850]

Summary

Mentions AH’s ["On the boring of the Mollusca into rocks", Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 2d ser. 2 (1848): 225–48]. Discusses anatomy and habits of Lithotrya.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Albany Hancock
Date:  12 May [1850]
Classmark:  American Philosophical Society (Mss.B.D25.93)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1327

Matches: 3 hits

  • … by means of a solvent excreted by the cement ducts ( Living Cirripedia (1854):  512–18). …
  • … Ray Society. 1851. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. …

To Albany Hancock   25 December [1850]

Summary

Discusses capacity of some cirripedes to bore into rock. Describes progress of his research.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Albany Hancock
Date:  25 Dec [1850]
Classmark:  Archives of the New York Botanical Garden (Charles Finney Cox Collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1378

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Ray Society. 1851. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … etc. By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. Reinhardt, Johannes Theodor. 1850. Om …
  • … by mechanical means ( Living Cirripedia (1854):  568, 570; 549). In Clisia (renamed …

To Richard Owen   10 September [1850]

Summary

About to go to press with "wearyful" Fossil Cirripedia [vol. 1 (1851)];

would like to borrow proof-sheets of Frederick Dixon’s work [The geology and fossils of the Tertiary and Cretaceous formations of Sussex (1850)]. Would also like to borrow a specimen of Balanus glacialis from Royal College of Surgeons. Encloses formal request [see 1356].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Richard Owen
Date:  10 Sept [1850]
Classmark:  Natural History Museum, Library and Archives (General Special Collections Owen correspondence 9/198)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1355

Matches: 3 hits

  • … IV, p.  74. However, in Living Cirripedia (1854):  262, CD stated: In various collections, …
  • … Society. 1851. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. Royal College of Surgeons. 1830. Catalogue …
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Darwin in letters, 1851-1855: Death of a daughter

Summary

The letters from these years reveal the main preoccupations of Darwin’s life with a new intensity. The period opens with a family tragedy in the death of Darwin’s oldest and favourite daughter, Anne, and it shows how, weary and mourning his dead child,…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … cirripedes and culminated in  Living Cirripedia  (1854) and  Fossil Cirripedia  (1854), again …
  • … series of letters pertaining to the Royal Society. In April 1854, when his cirripede study was …
  • … indicated by his comment in a letter to Hooker on 29 [May 1854] : ‘Very far from disagreeing with …
  • … Back to species theory In September 1854, as soon as the final proofs of the last barnacle …
  • … do as I wish it Throughout the correspondence of 1854 and 1855, the overwhelming …

Darwin and Down

Summary

Charles and Emma Darwin, with their first two children, settled at Down House in the village of Down (later ‘Downe’) in Kent, as a young family in 1842.   The house came with eighteen acres of land, and a fifteen acre meadow.  The village combined the…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … [24 July 1842] To P. G. King,  21 February 1854 : ‘I live in the country about 16 miles …

Scientific Practice

Summary

Specialism|Experiment|Microscopes|Collecting|Theory Letter writing is often seen as a part of scientific communication, rather than as integral to knowledge making. This section shows how correspondence could help to shape the practice of science, from…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Letter 1587 — Darwin, C. R. to Huxley, T. H., 2 Sept [1854] Darwin mentions that the second …
  • … of creation in [ Br. & Foreign Med.-Chir. Rev. 13 (1854)], but notes that he himself is …
  • … Letter 1592 — Darwin, C. R. to Huxley, T. H., 13 Sept [1854] Letter 1635 — Darwin, …

Darwin’s reading notebooks

Summary

In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…

Matches: 23 hits

  • … [Wellesley 1832] Sir. W. Nott’s Life [W. Nott 1854].— [DAR *119: 15v.] From …
  • … de la Boheme [Barrande 1852–1911] must be deeply studied 1854 The Zoologist by E. Newman [ …
  • … [Pepys 1825] (Read).— Sir W. Notts life [W. Nott 1854] read [DAR *128: 177] …
  • … r . Nott & Gliddon: Trübner & Co [J. C. Nott and Gliddon 1854] (read) A Lecture by …
  • … not published but reported fully in Literary Gazette Sept 30 1854 91 Agricult. Journal …
  • … d’un Naturaliste A. de Quatrefages [Quatrefages de Bréau 1854]. (light reading) (??) read …
  • … Domestic animals. 94 Lloyd Scandinavian Adventures 1854 [L. Lloyd 1854]. praised in …
  • … sur les Migration des Vegetaux 4 to  Pamphlet [Godron 1854] (read) Journal of Asiatic Soc. …
  • … specially of central platform of France 8 fr. [Lecoq 1854–8] Read Journal de la Soc. Imp. d …
  • … Sir J. Lubbock. member Ferguson on Poultry [Ferguson 1854], recommended by M r  Brent, but …
  • … D r . Badham “Ancient & Modern Tattle” on Fish [Badham 1854]. M r  Tegetmeier says very …
  • … (read) From Nott & Gliddon [J. C. Nott and Gliddon 1854] Roselini Monumenta [ …
  • … Carboniferous strata, translated in Bull. General [Heer 1854].— Hooker has it.— Very important …
  • … I ought to read Murchinson’s Siluria [Murchison 1854]— I  must  read it. & buy it.— …
  • … W. R. Wilde in Dublin University Magazine early month of 1854 on food of Irish. ( Pig ) [Wilde] …
  • … translated into French by Gaudin—with additions [Heer 1854]. Archives du Museum [ Archives …
  • … Himmalaya [T. Thomson 1852] [DAR 128: 7] 1854 Jan 11 th . Pulsky Red, …
  • … 1848]. March 7 th . Hooker’s Himmalaya [Hooker 1854].— —— 23 Stansbury. Exploration …
  • … July 3 d . Sir B. B. Psychological Essays [Brodie] 1854] —— Duval Histoire du Pommier, …
  • … Isidore Geoffroy St. Hilaire [I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1854–62] Tome I [DAR 128: 9] …
  • … Williams Missionary in T. del Fuego [Hamilton 1854] March 28 th . Sir G. Stephens Lectures …
  • … Richardson 1784] (poor) [DAR 128: 10] 1854.  Microscopical Journal [ …
  • … 1855. Wollastons Insecta Maderensia [Wollaston 1854] —— Johnston Physical Atlas [A. K. …

Darwin and the Church

Summary

The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It shows another side of the man who is more often remembered for his personal struggles with faith, or for his role in large-scale controversies over the…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Lubbock, the principal landowner in Down, in a letter of 1854 in which he said, From all I have seen …
  • … [of the Poor Fund]’ (letter to J. W. Lubbock, 28 March [1854] ). Despite their differences, they …

Living and fossil cirripedia

Summary

Darwin published four volumes on barnacles, the crustacean sub-class Cirripedia, between 1851 and 1854, two on living species and two on fossil species. Written for a specialist audience, they are among the most challenging and least read of Darwin’s works…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … on the crustacean sub-class Cirripedia between 1851 and 1854, two on living species and two on …
  • … in manuscript form to the Ray Society at the beginning of 1854 , where it took longer than the ‘ …
  • … to tell his friend Thomas Henry Huxley in early September 1854, ‘ My second volume on the …
  • … Society; the monograph itself was printed in 1854. This volume appears not to have been discussed …
  • … but he wrote to the Palaeontographical Society in February 1854 and the society confirmed that he …

Darwin in letters, 1847-1850: Microscopes and barnacles

Summary

Darwin's study of barnacles, begun in 1844, took him eight years to complete. The correspondence reveals how his interest in a species found during the Beagle voyage developed into an investigation of the comparative anatomy of other cirripedes and…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … sub-class of Crustacea,  Living Cirripedia  (1851, 1854) and  Fossil Cirripedia  (1851, 1854). …
  • … spermatozoa’ attached to the female (Living Cirripedia (1854): 23). Darwin had previously worked out …
  • … from monoecious forms (Living Cirripedia (1851): 214; (1854): 29, 528 n.) and, at another level, to …

Darwin’s study of the Cirripedia

Summary

Darwin’s work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed problems for historians. Coming between his transmutation notebooks and the Origin of species, it has frequently been interpreted as a digression from Darwin’s species work. Yet…

Matches: 13 hits

  • … Darwin’s work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed problems for historians. …
  • … In both volumes of Living Cirripedia (1851 and 1854), Darwin devoted an introductory section to …
  • … was best placed among the Lepadidae ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 527–8).^1^1^    Both …
  • … segments are quite aborted . . . ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 562–3)    Indeed, …
  • … be the most natural arrangement. ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 588)    The fact that the …
  • … with his figure of the mature animal ( Living Cirripedia (1854), Plate XXV).    Throughout …
  • … (1851): 37–8)    In Living Cirripedia (1854), Darwin ventured to suggest the possible …
  • … by a new and anomalous course. ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 151–2)    Crisp (1983) has …
  • … from bisexuality to unisexuality. ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 29)^16^    Darwin’s …
  • … merely varieties (Southward 1983). In Living Cirripedia (1854), Darwin clearly stated the …
  • … be found eminently variable. ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 155)    One of the first …
  • … a very direct and curious manner’ ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 529). Modern systematists place …
  • … nature was demonstrated.’ ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 555). See also Rachootin 1984, pp. 235–6.   …

3.2 Maull and Polyblank photo 1

Summary

< Back to Introduction The rise of professional photographic studios in the mid nineteenth century was a key factor in the shaping of Darwinian iconography, but Darwin’s relationship with these firms was from the start a cautious and sometimes a…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … the start a cautious and sometimes a difficult one. In 1854-5 the newly established firm of Henry …
  • … who thought that ‘it was probably taken in the year 1854, but he had never seen it’. A slot in the …
  • … Walker, dated 1912; the photograph itself is here dated 1854, and accompanied by a facsimile of …
  • … Polyblank, photographers 
 date of creation 1854 or early 1855 
 computer-readable …

People featured in the Dutch photograph album

Summary

Here is a list of people that appeared in the photograph album Darwin received for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from scientific admirers in the Netherlands. Many thanks to Hester Loeff for identifying and researching them. No. …

Matches: 6 hits

  • … Dramatist 23 Middelburg 20 june 1854 Middelburg 13 october …
  • …   Deventer 11 september 1854 Deventer 8 march 1936 Haarlem …
  • … Phil.nat.cand   Leiden 18 july 1854 Batavia 8 march 1896 …
  • … University.   Utrecht 16 april 1854 Amsterdam 4 january 1928 …
  • … Phil.nat.cand.   Utrecht 16 april 1854 Amsterdam 4 january …
  • … Phil.nat.stud   Leiden 19 august 1854 Oud-Beijerland 23 …

Before Origin: the ‘big book’

Summary

Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles (Darwin's Journal). He had long considered the question of species. In 1842, he outlined a theory of transmutation in a…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his eight …
  • … what he came to call his ‘big book’.   In March 1854, six months before he started sorting …

People featured in the Dutch photograph album

Summary

List of people appearing in the photograph album Darwin received from scientific admirers in the Netherlands for his birthday on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Hester Loeff for providing this list and for permission to make her research available.…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … Dramatist 23 Middelburg 20 June 1854 Middelburg 13 October …
  • …   Deventer 11 September 1854 Deventer 8 March 1936 Haarlem …
  • … Phil.nat.cand   Leiden 18 July 1854 Batavia 8 March 1896 …
  • … University.   Utrecht 16 April 1854 Amsterdam 4 January 1928 …
  • … Phil.nat.cand.   Utrecht 16 April 1854 Amsterdam 4 January …
  • … Phil.nat.stud   Leiden 19 August 1854 Oud-Beijerland 23 …

John Murray

Summary

Darwin's most famous book On the origin of species by means of natural selection (Origin) was published on 22 November 1859. The publisher was John Murray, who specialised in non-fiction, particularly politics, travel and science, and had published…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … his barnacle books ( Fossil Cirripedia  (1851 and 1854) and  Living Cirripedia  (1851 and 1854)) …

Editorial policy and practice

Summary

Full texts are added to this site four years after the letter is published in the print edition of the Correspondence. Transcriptions are made from the original or a facsimile where these are available. Where they are not, texts are taken from the best…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … used in a strict sense. Thus a letter dated ‘after 8 July 1854’ is judged to have been written very …

Joseph Simms

Summary

The American doctor and author of works on physiognomy Joseph Simms wrote to Darwin on 14 September 1874, while he was staying in London. He enclosed a copy of his book Nature’s revelations of character (Simms 1873). He hoped it might 'prove…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … in major cities of the US and Canada on physiognomy in 1854. In 1866 he sought training in anatomy …

Scientific Networks

Summary

Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Letter 1585 — Darwin, C. R. to Lubbock, John, [Sept 1854] Darwin sends Lubbock a beetle he …

Darwin’s observations on his children

Summary

Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children, began the research that culminated in his book The Expression of the emotions in man and animals, published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, published in Mind…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … of logical thought and language. On 20 May 1854, Darwin again took over the notebook and, …
  • … a bit of red glass at the garden) 47v.  May 1854. Before tea Ch. asked Lenny P. Have you …
  • … give me a kiss if you like”. 48 [74] May 20— 1854.— I saw a pile of sand lying on the lawn …
  • … I could not help it awfully”.— 49  June 1854— About 9 months ago, Lenny defined being in …
  • … Horace Lenny. When ill with Fever & recovering (Dec 1854) used constantly to ask in the …

Charles Darwin’s letters: a selection 1825-1859

Summary

The letters in this volume span the years from 1825, when Darwin was a student at the University of Edinburgh, to the end of 1859, when the Origin of Species was published. The early letters portray Darwin as a lively sixteen-year-old medical student. Two…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … taxonomic study of the entire order. By this time, 1854, Darwin had become a family man. In …
  • … field notes exist that record the observations made between 1854 and 1861 by five of his children, …

3.3 Maull and Polyblank photo 2

Summary

< Back to Introduction Despite the difficulties that arose in relation to Maull and Polyblank’s first photograph of Darwin, another one was produced, this time showing him in three-quarter view. It was evidently not taken at the same session as the…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Darwin (with a caption querying the date, and suggesting ‘1854?’). It was reproduced …

Thomas Henry Huxley

Summary

Dubbed “Darwin’s bulldog” for his combative role in controversies over evolution, Huxley was a leading Victorian zoologist, science popularizer, and education reformer. He was born in Ealing, a small village west of London, in 1825. With only two years of…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … an appointment as paleontologist to the Geological Survey in 1854. He moved quickly to the inner …
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