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To T. H. Huxley   2 September [1854]

Summary

Second Living Cirripedia volume published. Asks THH’s advice on presentation copies for continental naturalists.

THH’s review of Vestiges of creation in [Br. & Foreign Med.-Chir. Rev. 13 (1854)]. CD is almost as unorthodox on species as the author of Vestiges, but hopes not quite so unphilosophical.

Hopes L. Agassiz was sounder on embryological stages than THH thinks.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  2 Sept [1854]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 8)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1587

Matches: 8 hits

  • … To T.  H. Huxley   2 September [1854] …
  • … embryonic fish’ in letter to J.  D. Hooker, 7 September [1854] , and in Origin , p.  338. …
  • … Archives (Huxley 5: 8) Charles Robert Darwin Down 2 Sept [1854] Thomas Henry Huxley …
  • … in [ Br. & Foreign Med. -Chir. Rev. 13 (1854)]. CD is almost as unorthodox on species as …
  • … London: Blond & Briggs. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. Origin : On the origin of species by means …
  • … history at the School of Mines in July 1854; the position had been made vacant by Edward …
  • … MS attached to CD’s copy of Living Cirripedia (1854) in the Cambridge University Library). …

To T. H. Huxley   13 September [1854]

Summary

Thanks for help on presentation copies of Living Cirripedia, vol. 2.

Suggests he examine cementing apparatus of Balanus.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  13 Sept [1854]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 16)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1592

Matches: 8 hits

  • … To T.  H. Huxley   13 September [1854] …
  • … Archives (Huxley 5: 16) Charles Robert Darwin Down 13 Sept [1854] Thomas Henry Huxley …
  • … Press. 1985–. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. Olfers, Ignaz Franz Werner Maria von. 1818. …
  • … Albert von Koelliker, and Carl Vogt . See letters to T.  H. Huxley, 2 September [1854] and …
  • … 8 September [1854] . Huxley examined and …
  • … specimens during his stays at Tenby in 1854 and 1855 (see letter to T.  H. Huxley, 29 [ …
  • … vol.  4, Appendix II. Living Cirripedia (1854):  95–7. In T.  H. Huxley 1857 , p.  239, …

To T. H. Huxley   8 September [1854]

Summary

Agrees with THH on metamorphosis of branchiae of Balanus, and on his view of Owen.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  8 Sept [1854]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 11)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1590

Matches: 7 hits

  • … To T.  H. Huxley   8 September [1854] …
  • … Archives (Huxley 5: 11) Charles Robert Darwin Down 8 Sept [1854] Thomas Henry Huxley …
  • … 13: 23–9. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures …
  • … or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. …
  • … See letter to T.  H. Huxley, 2 September [1854] , n.  4. Karl Georg Friedrich Rudolf …
  • … 1847  and 1851. In Living Cirripedia (1854):  65, CD wrote: ‘I can hardly doubt that the …
  • … ovaria. See letter to T.  H. Huxley, 2 September [1854] and n.  5. Franz von Leydig , the …

To T. H. Huxley   20 February [1855]

Summary

Sends specimens of sessile cirripedes for corroboration of their cementing apparatus.

Absence of anus in Brachiopoda and Alcippe cirripedes.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  20 Feb [1855]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 23, 372, 376)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1635

Matches: 7 hits

  • … Ray Society. 1851. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. …
  • … H. Huxley 1855a (see n.  7, below). See letters to T.  H. Huxley, 8 September [1854] and …
  • … 13 September [1854] . Huxley had examined specimens of cirripedes during his visit to …
  • … his views on the Lepadidae (pedunculated cirripedes) (see Living Cirripedia (1854):  134). …
  • … See Living Cirripedia (1854) , p.  134, where CD described the cementing apparatus in …
  • … T.  H. Huxley 1854b . Living Cirripedia (1854):  546. T.  H. Huxley 1855a . CD’s copy is …

To T. H. Huxley   8 March [1855]

Summary

Thanks THH for corroborating his observations. Discusses metamorphosis of ovaria to cement organs. Ovaries, germinal vesicles, and anatomy of cirripedes. Difficulties of classification, and observation.

THH’s article on Mollusca [Charles Knight, ed., English cyclopædia: a new dictionary of universal knowledge (1854–70) 3: 855–74].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  8 Mar [1855]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 25)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1645

Matches: 5 hits

  • … ed. , English cyclopædia: a new dictionary of universal knowledge (1854–70) 3: 855–74]. …
  • … Ray Society. 1851. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … Proteolepas bivincta in Living Cirripedia (1854):  594–6. Owing largely to the differences …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. Milne-Edwards, Henri. 1852. Observations sur …
  • … difference of opinion in Living Cirripedia (1854):  17. Whereas James Dwight Dana , like …

To T. H. Huxley   4 January [1857]

Summary

Congratulations [on Mrs H’s delivery].

Balanus balanoides positively identified by CD.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  4 Jan [1857]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 48)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2037

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Bibliography Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. …
  • … in which individuals of Balanus balanoides were found in Living Cirripedia (1854):  272. …

To T. H. Huxley   [9 December 1859]

Summary

Sends enclosure [unspecified].

Reminds THH to mention [German] translation [of Origin] when he writes to R. A. von Kölliker.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  [9 Dec 1859]
Classmark:  DAR 145: 189
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2574

Matches: 3 hits

  • … T.  H. Huxley, 2 September [1854] and …
  • … 13 September [1854] ). For the negotiations concerning a German translation of Origin , …
  • … Kölliker with a copy of Living Cirripedia (1854) (see Correspondence vol.  5, letters to …

To T. H. Huxley   29 [September 1855]

Summary

Responds to THH’s questioning of his observations on cirripede anatomy with extensive discussion of what he observed. Admits his elementary knowledge of microscopical structures but seriously doubts he has erred. Cement glands, ovarian tubes, etc.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  29 [Sept 1855]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 21); Janet Huxley (private collection)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1757

Matches: 5 hits

  • … Cirripedia (1851):  46 and Living Cirripedia (1854):  87). Living Cirripedia (1851):  57. …
  • … see letter to T.  H. Huxley, 13 September [1854] ). Huxley and his wife had spent their …
  • … Ray Society. 1851. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. Steenstrup, Johannes Japetus Smith. 1846. …
  • … mass of ovarian cæca’ ( Living Cirripedia (1854):  134). He described in Balaninae how ‘at …

To T. H. Huxley   9 April [1860]

Summary

Owen on the branchiae of Balanidae.

The Edinburgh Review article on the Origin [by Owen, 111 (1860): 487–532] full of misrepresentations, with a brutal attack on THH.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  9 Apr [1860]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 111)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2751

Matches: 3 hits

  • … see n.  7, below). Living Cirripedia (1854) . In R.  Owen 1843 , p.  158, Richard Owen …
  • … Bibliography Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. Origin : On the origin of species by means …

To T. H. Huxley   23 April [1853]

Summary

On THH’s paper on cephalous Mollusca [Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 143 (1853) pt 1: 29–66]. Discovery of the type or "idea" (in THH’s sense, not Owen’s or Agassiz’s) is one of the highest ends of natural history.

Discusses anamorphism;

position of heart in Cleodora.

Variability within species;

cementing process in cirripedes.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  23 Apr [1853]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 4)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1480

Matches: 4 hits

  • … Ray Society. 1851. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. Natural selection : Charles Darwin’s Natural …
  • … letter are described in Living Cirripedia (1854):  599–600. In T.  H. Huxley 1857 , Huxley …
  • … 1851):  38 n. and in Living Cirripedia (1854):  151 n. , CD cited cases from the Crustacea …

To T. H. Huxley   31 March [1855]

Summary

Thinks J. O. Westwood deserves Royal Society’s Gold Medal. Asks THH’s opinion of his nomination. Lyell deserves Copley Medal, but, since he has Royal Medal, it may be objectionable to propose him.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  31 Mar [1855]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 29)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1659

Matches: 3 hits

  • … had read Westwood 1839–40  in September 1854 ( Correspondence vol.  4, Appendix IV, 128: …
  • … and 1850. He was re-elected in November 1854 and continued to serve until November 1856. …
  • … of the Royal Society of London 7 (1854–5): 576–7. Thomas Bell was also a member of the …

To T. H. Huxley   22 November [1851]

Summary

Proposes to send THH vol. 1 of Living Cirripedia.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  22 Nov [1851]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 14)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1462

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Ray Society. 1851. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … or sessile cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc. By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. …
  • … MS attached to CD’s copy of Living Cirripedia (1854) in the Cambridge University Library). …

To T. H. Huxley   11 April [1853]

Summary

Offers to send Ascidia specimens of Beagle voyage. Describes some of them.

Hopes THH will review his book [Living Cirripedia, vol. 1] which has been published for a year with no notice taken of it except briefly by Dana.

Discusses Limulus-like larva. "I have become a man of one idea.– cirripedes morning & night."

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  11 Apr [1853]
Classmark:  DAR 145: 150Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 13)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1514

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Ray Society. 1851. Living Cirripedia (1854): A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with …
  • … By Charles Darwin. London: Ray Society. 1854. Müller, Johannes Peter. 1852. Fortsetzung …
  • … not noticed, even though Living Cirripedia (1854) was dedicated to Henri Milne-Edwards , …

To T. H. Huxley   [before 12 November 1857]

Summary

Glad THH has taken up aphid question versus Owen ["On the agamic reproduction and morphology of Aphis", Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 22 (1858): 193–236].

Fertilisation and inheritance discussed. Speculates that fertilisation may be a mixture rather than a fusion. Can understand in no other way why crossed forms tend to go back to ancestral forms.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  [before 12 Nov 1857]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 58)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2166

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Bibliography Burnett, Waldo I. 1854. Researches on the development of viviparous aphids. …
  • … murders of the blackest hue. ’ Burnett 1854 , p.  63. George Henry Kendrick Thwaites had …

To T. H. Huxley   27 January [1875]

thumbnail

Summary

Sends suggestions for observations on glacial phenomena that might be made on the [Polar] expedition [of H. M. S. Alert and Discovery, 1875–6].

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  27 Jan [1875]
Classmark:  DAR 92: A48–53
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-9831

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Bibliography Richardson, John. 1854. Vertebrals, including fossil mammals. In The zoology …
  • … Siberia and bones, horns, and hair in Eschscholtz Bay, see J. Richardson 1854 , pp.  1–8. …

To T. H. Huxley   4 May [1856]

Summary

It seems improper that his advances to G. B. Sowerby Jr for payment of engravings should not have been mentioned to Council of Ray Society. His appreciation of the Society.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  4 May [1856]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 35)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1868

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Only after resigning his commission in 1854 was he awarded £300 from the government grant …
  • … the figures for Living Cirripedia (1851) and (1854), published by the Ray Society . CD had …

To T. H. Huxley   14 [January 1862]

Summary

On success of THH’s Edinburgh lectures.

Agrees that THH is right that the hybrid question is a "hiatus" [in the argument for natural selection] but he overrates it. Crossed varieties frequently produce sterile offspring. On this question asks THH to read his Primula paper [Collected papers 2: 45–63]. CD suspects sterility will come to be viewed as a selected character.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  14 [Jan 1862]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 167)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-3386

Matches: 2 hits

  • … 2: 45–63. ] Gratiolet, Louis Pierre. [1854. ] Mémoire sur les plis cérébraux de l’homme et …
  • … by Louis Pierre Gratiolet ( Gratiolet [1854] , pp.  18–19) that their drawing reflected …

To T. H. Huxley   28 December [1859]

Summary

Delighted with Times review [26 Dec 1859]. Puzzled by author, suspects THH, but publication in Times makes it unlikely. Sorry for Owen.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  28 Dec [1859]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 92)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-2611

Matches: 1 hit

  • … praised Living Cirripedia (1851) and (1854) in similar terms in his lectures on general …

To T. H. Huxley   3 [September 1855]

Summary

Approves drawing. No one who cannot draw should attempt to be a naturalist. Suggests corrections to [Lepas?] drawing. Comments on position of ganglia, cement glands, and stomach.

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  3 [Sept 1855]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 18)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1759

Matches: 1 hit

  • … twenty-four lectures commencing in November 1854. The 1855–6 series was extended to fifty …

To T. H. Huxley   1 July [1856]

Summary

Asks for information on geographical distribution of ascidians; are any closely allied species or genera found in north and south temperate zones that do not have representatives in the tropics?

Answers some questions on [cirripede] antennae.

If THH ever sees a tree washed ashore, will he observe whether any earth is embedded between roots?

Author:  Charles Robert Darwin
Addressee:  Thomas Henry Huxley
Date:  1 July [1856]
Classmark:  Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine Archives (Huxley 5: 175, 37–9)
Letter no:  DCP-LETT-1914

Matches: 1 hit

  • … Huxley had visited Tenby in the summers of 1854 and 1855 to carry out researches on marine …
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1854 (3)
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Darwin in letters, 1851-1855: Death of a daughter

Summary

The letters from these years reveal the main preoccupations of Darwin’s life with a new intensity. The period opens with a family tragedy in the death of Darwin’s oldest and favourite daughter, Anne, and it shows how, weary and mourning his dead child,…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … cirripedes and culminated in  Living Cirripedia  (1854) and  Fossil Cirripedia  (1854), again …
  • … series of letters pertaining to the Royal Society. In April 1854, when his cirripede study was …
  • … indicated by his comment in a letter to Hooker on 29 [May 1854] : ‘Very far from disagreeing with …
  • … Back to species theory In September 1854, as soon as the final proofs of the last barnacle …
  • … do as I wish it Throughout the correspondence of 1854 and 1855, the overwhelming …

Darwin and Down

Summary

Charles and Emma Darwin, with their first two children, settled at Down House in the village of Down (later ‘Downe’) in Kent, as a young family in 1842.   The house came with eighteen acres of land, and a fifteen acre meadow.  The village combined the…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … [24 July 1842] To P. G. King,  21 February 1854 : ‘I live in the country about 16 miles …

Scientific Practice

Summary

Specialism|Experiment|Microscopes|Collecting|Theory Letter writing is often seen as a part of scientific communication, rather than as integral to knowledge making. This section shows how correspondence could help to shape the practice of science, from…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … Letter 1587 — Darwin, C. R. to Huxley, T. H., 2 Sept [1854] Darwin mentions that the second …
  • … of creation in [ Br. & Foreign Med.-Chir. Rev. 13 (1854)], but notes that he himself is …
  • … Letter 1592 — Darwin, C. R. to Huxley, T. H., 13 Sept [1854] Letter 1635 — Darwin, …

Darwin’s reading notebooks

Summary

In April 1838, Darwin began recording the titles of books he had read and the books he wished to read in Notebook C (Notebooks, pp. 319–28). In 1839, these lists were copied and continued in separate notebooks. The first of these reading notebooks (DAR 119…

Matches: 23 hits

  • … [Wellesley 1832] Sir. W. Nott’s Life [W. Nott 1854].— [DAR *119: 15v.] From …
  • … de la Boheme [Barrande 1852–1911] must be deeply studied 1854 The Zoologist by E. Newman [ …
  • … [Pepys 1825] (Read).— Sir W. Notts life [W. Nott 1854] read [DAR *128: 177] …
  • … r . Nott & Gliddon: Trübner & Co [J. C. Nott and Gliddon 1854] (read) A Lecture by …
  • … not published but reported fully in Literary Gazette Sept 30 1854 91 Agricult. Journal …
  • … d’un Naturaliste A. de Quatrefages [Quatrefages de Bréau 1854]. (light reading) (??) read …
  • … Domestic animals. 94 Lloyd Scandinavian Adventures 1854 [L. Lloyd 1854]. praised in …
  • … sur les Migration des Vegetaux 4 to  Pamphlet [Godron 1854] (read) Journal of Asiatic Soc. …
  • … specially of central platform of France 8 fr. [Lecoq 1854–8] Read Journal de la Soc. Imp. d …
  • … Sir J. Lubbock. member Ferguson on Poultry [Ferguson 1854], recommended by M r  Brent, but …
  • … D r . Badham “Ancient & Modern Tattle” on Fish [Badham 1854]. M r  Tegetmeier says very …
  • … (read) From Nott & Gliddon [J. C. Nott and Gliddon 1854] Roselini Monumenta [ …
  • … Carboniferous strata, translated in Bull. General [Heer 1854].— Hooker has it.— Very important …
  • … I ought to read Murchinson’s Siluria [Murchison 1854]— I  must  read it. & buy it.— …
  • … W. R. Wilde in Dublin University Magazine early month of 1854 on food of Irish. ( Pig ) [Wilde] …
  • … translated into French by Gaudin—with additions [Heer 1854]. Archives du Museum [ Archives …
  • … Himmalaya [T. Thomson 1852] [DAR 128: 7] 1854 Jan 11 th . Pulsky Red, …
  • … 1848]. March 7 th . Hooker’s Himmalaya [Hooker 1854].— —— 23 Stansbury. Exploration …
  • … July 3 d . Sir B. B. Psychological Essays [Brodie] 1854] —— Duval Histoire du Pommier, …
  • … Isidore Geoffroy St. Hilaire [I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1854–62] Tome I [DAR 128: 9] …
  • … Williams Missionary in T. del Fuego [Hamilton 1854] March 28 th . Sir G. Stephens Lectures …
  • … Richardson 1784] (poor) [DAR 128: 10] 1854.  Microscopical Journal [ …
  • … 1855. Wollastons Insecta Maderensia [Wollaston 1854] —— Johnston Physical Atlas [A. K. …

Darwin and the Church

Summary

The story of Charles Darwin’s involvement with the church is one that is told far too rarely. It shows another side of the man who is more often remembered for his personal struggles with faith, or for his role in large-scale controversies over the…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … Lubbock, the principal landowner in Down, in a letter of 1854 in which he said, From all I have seen …
  • … [of the Poor Fund]’ (letter to J. W. Lubbock, 28 March [1854] ). Despite their differences, they …

Living and fossil cirripedia

Summary

Darwin published four volumes on barnacles, the crustacean sub-class Cirripedia, between 1851 and 1854, two on living species and two on fossil species. Written for a specialist audience, they are among the most challenging and least read of Darwin’s works…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … on the crustacean sub-class Cirripedia between 1851 and 1854, two on living species and two on …
  • … in manuscript form to the Ray Society at the beginning of 1854 , where it took longer than the ‘ …
  • … to tell his friend Thomas Henry Huxley in early September 1854, ‘ My second volume on the …
  • … Society; the monograph itself was printed in 1854. This volume appears not to have been discussed …
  • … but he wrote to the Palaeontographical Society in February 1854 and the society confirmed that he …

Darwin in letters, 1847-1850: Microscopes and barnacles

Summary

Darwin's study of barnacles, begun in 1844, took him eight years to complete. The correspondence reveals how his interest in a species found during the Beagle voyage developed into an investigation of the comparative anatomy of other cirripedes and…

Matches: 3 hits

  • … sub-class of Crustacea,  Living Cirripedia  (1851, 1854) and  Fossil Cirripedia  (1851, 1854). …
  • … spermatozoa’ attached to the female (Living Cirripedia (1854): 23). Darwin had previously worked out …
  • … from monoecious forms (Living Cirripedia (1851): 214; (1854): 29, 528 n.) and, at another level, to …

Darwin’s study of the Cirripedia

Summary

Darwin’s work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed problems for historians. Coming between his transmutation notebooks and the Origin of species, it has frequently been interpreted as a digression from Darwin’s species work. Yet…

Matches: 13 hits

  • … Darwin’s work on barnacles, conducted between 1846 and 1854, has long posed problems for historians. …
  • … In both volumes of Living Cirripedia (1851 and 1854), Darwin devoted an introductory section to …
  • … was best placed among the Lepadidae ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 527–8).^1^1^    Both …
  • … segments are quite aborted . . . ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 562–3)    Indeed, …
  • … be the most natural arrangement. ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 588)    The fact that the …
  • … with his figure of the mature animal ( Living Cirripedia (1854), Plate XXV).    Throughout …
  • … (1851): 37–8)    In Living Cirripedia (1854), Darwin ventured to suggest the possible …
  • … by a new and anomalous course. ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 151–2)    Crisp (1983) has …
  • … from bisexuality to unisexuality. ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 29)^16^    Darwin’s …
  • … merely varieties (Southward 1983). In Living Cirripedia (1854), Darwin clearly stated the …
  • … be found eminently variable. ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 155)    One of the first …
  • … a very direct and curious manner’ ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 529). Modern systematists place …
  • … nature was demonstrated.’ ( Living Cirripedia (1854): 555). See also Rachootin 1984, pp. 235–6.   …

3.2 Maull and Polyblank photo 1

Summary

< Back to Introduction The rise of professional photographic studios in the mid nineteenth century was a key factor in the shaping of Darwinian iconography, but Darwin’s relationship with these firms was from the start a cautious and sometimes a…

Matches: 4 hits

  • … the start a cautious and sometimes a difficult one. In 1854-5 the newly established firm of Henry …
  • … who thought that ‘it was probably taken in the year 1854, but he had never seen it’. A slot in the …
  • … Walker, dated 1912; the photograph itself is here dated 1854, and accompanied by a facsimile of …
  • … Polyblank, photographers 
 date of creation 1854 or early 1855 
 computer-readable …

People featured in the Dutch photograph album

Summary

Here is a list of people that appeared in the photograph album Darwin received for his birthday on 12 February 1877 from scientific admirers in the Netherlands. Many thanks to Hester Loeff for identifying and researching them. No. …

Matches: 6 hits

  • … Dramatist 23 Middelburg 20 june 1854 Middelburg 13 october …
  • …   Deventer 11 september 1854 Deventer 8 march 1936 Haarlem …
  • … Phil.nat.cand   Leiden 18 july 1854 Batavia 8 march 1896 …
  • … University.   Utrecht 16 april 1854 Amsterdam 4 january 1928 …
  • … Phil.nat.cand.   Utrecht 16 april 1854 Amsterdam 4 january …
  • … Phil.nat.stud   Leiden 19 august 1854 Oud-Beijerland 23 …

Before Origin: the ‘big book’

Summary

Darwin began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his eight-year study of barnacles (Darwin's Journal). He had long considered the question of species. In 1842, he outlined a theory of transmutation in a…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … began ‘sorting notes for Species Theory’ on 9 September 1854, the very day he concluded his eight …
  • … what he came to call his ‘big book’.   In March 1854, six months before he started sorting …

People featured in the Dutch photograph album

Summary

List of people appearing in the photograph album Darwin received from scientific admirers in the Netherlands for his birthday on 12 February 1877. We are grateful to Hester Loeff for providing this list and for permission to make her research available.…

Matches: 6 hits

  • … Dramatist 23 Middelburg 20 June 1854 Middelburg 13 October …
  • …   Deventer 11 September 1854 Deventer 8 March 1936 Haarlem …
  • … Phil.nat.cand   Leiden 18 July 1854 Batavia 8 March 1896 …
  • … University.   Utrecht 16 April 1854 Amsterdam 4 January 1928 …
  • … Phil.nat.cand.   Utrecht 16 April 1854 Amsterdam 4 January …
  • … Phil.nat.stud   Leiden 19 August 1854 Oud-Beijerland 23 …

John Murray

Summary

Darwin's most famous book On the origin of species by means of natural selection (Origin) was published on 22 November 1859. The publisher was John Murray, who specialised in non-fiction, particularly politics, travel and science, and had published…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … his barnacle books ( Fossil Cirripedia  (1851 and 1854) and  Living Cirripedia  (1851 and 1854)) …

Editorial policy and practice

Summary

Full texts are added to this site four years after the letter is published in the print edition of the Correspondence. Transcriptions are made from the original or a facsimile where these are available. Where they are not, texts are taken from the best…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … used in a strict sense. Thus a letter dated ‘after 8 July 1854’ is judged to have been written very …

Joseph Simms

Summary

The American doctor and author of works on physiognomy Joseph Simms wrote to Darwin on 14 September 1874, while he was staying in London. He enclosed a copy of his book Nature’s revelations of character (Simms 1873). He hoped it might 'prove…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … in major cities of the US and Canada on physiognomy in 1854. In 1866 he sought training in anatomy …

Scientific Networks

Summary

Friendship|Mentors|Class|Gender In its broadest sense, a scientific network is a set of connections between people, places, and things that channel the communication of knowledge, and that substantially determine both its intellectual form and content,…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Letter 1585 — Darwin, C. R. to Lubbock, John, [Sept 1854] Darwin sends Lubbock a beetle he …

Darwin’s observations on his children

Summary

Charles Darwin’s observations on the development of his children, began the research that culminated in his book The Expression of the emotions in man and animals, published in 1872, and his article ‘A biographical sketch of an infant’, published in Mind…

Matches: 5 hits

  • … of logical thought and language. On 20 May 1854, Darwin again took over the notebook and, …
  • … a bit of red glass at the garden) 47v.  May 1854. Before tea Ch. asked Lenny P. Have you …
  • … give me a kiss if you like”. 48 [74] May 20— 1854.— I saw a pile of sand lying on the lawn …
  • … I could not help it awfully”.— 49  June 1854— About 9 months ago, Lenny defined being in …
  • … Horace Lenny. When ill with Fever & recovering (Dec 1854) used constantly to ask in the …

Charles Darwin’s letters: a selection 1825-1859

Summary

The letters in this volume span the years from 1825, when Darwin was a student at the University of Edinburgh, to the end of 1859, when the Origin of Species was published. The early letters portray Darwin as a lively sixteen-year-old medical student. Two…

Matches: 2 hits

  • … taxonomic study of the entire order. By this time, 1854, Darwin had become a family man. In …
  • … field notes exist that record the observations made between 1854 and 1861 by five of his children, …

3.3 Maull and Polyblank photo 2

Summary

< Back to Introduction Despite the difficulties that arose in relation to Maull and Polyblank’s first photograph of Darwin, another one was produced, this time showing him in three-quarter view. It was evidently not taken at the same session as the…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … Darwin (with a caption querying the date, and suggesting ‘1854?’). It was reproduced …

Barnacles

Summary

Sources|Discussion Questions|Experiment Darwin and barnacles Darwin’s interest in Cirripedia, a class of marine arthropods, was first piqued by the discovery of an odd burrowing barnacle, which he later named “Mr. Arthrobalanus," while he was…

Matches: 1 hits

  • … and wrote about barnacles on a daily basis from 1846 to 1854. Ultimately, Darwin's deep and …
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